高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 4 Body Language优秀课后作业题

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Unit 4 Body Language
Part 1 Reading and Thinking
课前积累

假定你是李华，你校将举办英语演讲比赛。请以“Body Language”为题，写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：
1. 肢体语言的重要性；
2. 你常用的肢体语言及原因。
参考范文： Body Language
Good morning, everyone! I’m glad to have the chance to share my view on “Body Language”. Body language is of great importance when it comes to communicating with others. On various occasions, it conveys more than the words we speak. Accordingly, proper body language assists us in leaving a good impression on others.
As for me, I prefer to smile when communicating with someone. A smile can narrow the distance between us. It goes without saying that it is much easier for us to make approaches to the people with a smile. Besides, a smile makes our communication joyful.
Body language is significant in communication, but we should use it in a proper way.
That’s all. Thanks for your listening.
课后培优练级练

培优第一阶——基础过关练
I. 单词拼写
1．We have the analytical technique, which is very accurate and r______ (可靠).
【答案】reliable
2．His casual clothes were not a___________ for such a formal occasion.
【答案】appropriate
3．D________ what has been taught in time allows students to learn more efficiently.
【答案】Demonstrating
4．When the couple went to China, the husband had to i________ for his wife, who couldn't speak Chinese.
【答案】interpret
5．How many people does the company e________（雇用）.
【答案】employ
6．My mother hardly ever shouted at me in ________(怒气冲冲).
【答案】anger
7．Poor health and lack of money may both be _________ (障碍) to educational progress.
【答案】barriers
8．He is trying to improperly influence a _________（证人）.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】witness
9．She was paralysed from the ________(腰部) down.
【答案】waist
10. As an old teacher in this school, he has________(目睹) the great changes that have taken place in the school.
【答案】witnessed
11．Better________(互动) between teachers and students can promote the effectiveness of the class to an extent.
【答案】interaction
12．I wonder if you do me a ________ (帮忙).
【答案】favour
13．His eyes are suddenly filled with________ (愤怒).
【答案】anger
14．The good news is that a bill a ________ （赞成，批准）by the Senate Finance Committee would test many reforms hat should help slow the rise in medical costs over the long term.
【答案】 approved
15．How would you feel if a scientist designed a robot ______ (完全相同的)to you?
【答案】identical
II.选词填空
witness, demonstrate, identical, employ, interpret, assess, reliable, differ in, by contrast, break down
1．You have to __________ how to operate the computer.
2．It was an extraordinary experience to __________ the first sunrise of the new year.
3．You should find better ways to __________ your time.
4．Your appearance is __________ to hers. You must be twins.
5．They __________ size but not in kind.
6．The guide __________   the foreigner’s remarks for us.
7．Statistical analysis is a means of arriving at a __________ forecast.
8．She had been waiting for Simon to __________ the barrier between them.
9．They __________ his house at a high price.
10．I am not good at expressing myself. __________, I am better at thinking indeed.
【答案及详解】
1．考查动词。句意：你必须演示如何操作电脑。分析句子可知，空格处意为“演示”，动词demonstrate意为“演示”，固定短语have to do sth.意为“必须（不得不）做某事”，其后跟动词原形demonstrate。故填demonstrate。
2．考查固定句型。句意：目睹新年的第一个日出是一次非凡的经历。分析句子可知，witness作动词，意为“目睹（见证）”，该句中的主语it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式to witness the first sunrise of the new year，因此，该空应该填动词原形 witness。
3．考查动词。句意：你应该找到更好的方法来运用你的时间。分析句意可知，该句意为“运用（你的时间）”，动词employ在该句中意为“运用”，再根据句子结构，动词不定式to employ your time作ways的后置定语，因此，该空应该填动词原形employ。故填employ。
4．考查形容词。句意：你的外表和她的一模一样。你一定是双胞胎。分析句子结构可知，这是一个主系表结构，形容词identical意为“完全同样的”，在is后作表语，故填identical。
5．考查固定搭配。句意：它们大小不同，但是不是同类。根据句意，固定短语differ in意为“在（某方面）不同”，在该句中充当谓语，主语They是复数形式，因此，谓语动词用复数形式differ。故填differ in。
6．考查时态。句意：导游为我们解释了外国人的话。分析句意可知，动词interpret意为“口译，解释”，在该句中作谓语，根据句意阐述的是过去的事实，谓语动词应用一般过去时interpreted。故填interpreted。
7．考查形容词。句意：统计分析是一种可达到的可靠预测的手段。形容词reliable意为“可靠的，可以依赖的”，修饰名词forecast作定语，故填reliable。
8．考查固定短语。句意：她一直在等西蒙打破他们之间的障碍。固定短语break down是固定搭配，意为“消除，破除……”，该句中动词不定式to break down the barrier between them.作目的状语，to 后应该填动词原形。故填break down。
9．考查时态。句意：他们以高价评估他的房子。分析句意可知，动词assess意为“评估，估价”，在该句中作谓语，根据句意阐述的是过去的事实，谓语动词应用一般过去时assessed。故填assessed。
10．考查固定短语。句意：我不善于表达自己。相比之下，我更善于思考。固定短语by contrast是固定搭配，意为“相比之下，与…相反……”，位于句首，首字母大写。故填By contrast。
III. 单句语法填空
1．I can’t describe my ________(angry) in words. 
【答案】anger
【详解】考查名词。句意：我无法用话语来描述我的愤怒。分析句子，设空处应该是用名词作宾语。angry为形容词，意为“生气的”，其名词为anger，意为“愤怒”，是不可数名词。故填anger。
2．She is the most ________(rely) one of my friends; you can just depend on her.
【答案】reliable
【详解】考查形容词。句意：她是我最可靠的一个朋友；你可以依靠她。此处用形容词作定语，修饰代词one，reliable可靠的，故填reliable。
3．(2020年北京卷)It takes them hundreds of years_____________(break) down.
【答案】to break
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：它们用几百年的时间才分解。固定句型It takes sb./sth. +一段时间+ to do sth.(花某人/物多长时间干某事)，此处用动词不定式(to do )作真正主语，It形式主语。故填to break。
4．Everything he writes _________ (demonstrate) the depth of his sensibility.
【答案】demonstrates
【详解】考查动词。句意：他笔下的一切都显示出其感受力之深。该句的主语Everything，后面he writes 是修饰everything的省略关系代词that的定语从句，所以此空在句中作谓语。demonstrate，动词“证明；表现；显露” 的意思。根据writes可知该句用一般现在时，且everything做主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填 demonstrates。
5．She made a ________ (favour) impression on his parents.
【答案】favourable
【详解】考查形容词。句意：她给他的父母留下了很好的印象。根据句中的impression，可知设空处应该填写形容词作定语。favour为动词，意为“支持，赞同”，其形容词是favourable，意为“有利的，给人印象好的”，符合句意。故填favourable。
6．Two hundred people ________ (employ) by this company in 2020.
【答案】were employed
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：2020年，200人被该公司雇用。根据句中“in 2020”可知，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，“employ”意为“雇用”，动词词性，“people”和“employ”为被动关系，故句子应用一般过去时的被动语态，谓语动词为“was/were done”，“people”为集合名词，和“were”连用，“employ”的过去分词为“employed”，故空格处应填“were employed”。故填were employed。
7．Many a program of economic reforms ________ (approve) by the Parliament so far.
【答案】has been approved
【详解】考查现在完成时和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，议会已经批准了许多经济改革方案。分析句子可知，so far表示“迄今为止”，结合句子来看，本句描述的是过去的动作对现在造成的影响，还可能持续发生下去，应用现在完成时，且空处谓语动词要与主语Many a program保持主谓一致，其中many a为固定搭配，表示“许多”，后接可数名词单数，作主语时，谓语动词也要用单数形式，所以填has been approved，表示“已经批准”。故填has been approved。
8．Your opinion may ______（different）from others’, but we value what you think of your plan.
【答案】differ
【详解】考查动词。句意：你的观点可能不同与其他人的，但我们重视你对你的计划的看法。may后 接动词原形作谓语，故填differ。
9．The heights of the plants vary __________ 8 cm to 20 cm.
【答案】from
【详解】考查固定短语和介词。句意：这些植物的高度从8厘米到20厘米不等。vary from...to...是固定短语，意为“从......到......不等”，因此空格处是介词from，故填from。
10．Jones' idea has been fully realized-the "HAPPY TO CHAT" benches help break ________ the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.
【答案】down
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：琼斯的想法已经完全实现了----“快乐聊天”长椅帮助消除了阻碍人们打招呼的无形的社会隔阂。由“the invisible social barrier”可知，句子表示“消除社会隔阂”，break down为固定短语，意为“消除”。故填down。
11．The report examines teaching methods ________（employ） in the classroom.
【答案】employed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这份报告调查了在课堂上使用的教学方法。名词 teaching methods 与employ之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。根据句意，故填employed。
12．Can't we employ someone ________ an assistant to help with all this paperwork?
【答案】as
【详解】考查介词搭配。句意：难道我们不能雇佣助手来帮助完成这些文书工作吗？根据句子分析可知，employ为谓语动词，“雇佣某人当……”表达为employ sb. as。故填as。
13．The sisters were identical ________appearance and character.
【答案】in
【详解】考查介词。句意：姐妹俩在外貌和性格上都是一样的。根据句意和were identical可知，空处应填入介词in，构成固定短语“be identical in ”表示“在……一模一样”，故填in。
IV. 翻译句子
1．过去的几十年已经见证了中国经济的快速发展。 (witness ) （汉译英）

【答案】The past few decades have witnessed the rapid development of Chinese economy.
2．烛光和剪纸的交融构成了传统灯笼之美。（lie）（汉译英）

【答案】The beauty of traditional lanterns lies in the interaction between / combination of / mixture of / integration of candlelight and paper-cutting.
3．演讲时，听众越多，手势动作的幅度就应越大，这样听众才不易分散注意力。 (the more…the more…) (汉译英)

【答案】When you make a speech, the larger the audience, the more expansive the gestures should be, and in this way, it’s not easy for the audience to be distracted.
4．只有使用了特殊设备，我们才能把这副油画赝品和原作区分开。（Only）（汉译英）

【答案】Only by using special equipment can we distinguish the fake oil painting from the original one.
V. 课文语法填空
Words are important, but body language can also give us 1 (inform) about people's feelings. Body language is one of 2 most powerful means of communication. It is used 3 (convey) people's thoughts and opinions and to communicate with each other. When talking with others, you are not just using words, 4 using facial expressions as well as gestures. Just like spoken language, body language 5 (vary) from culture to culture. The gesture for “OK” has different meanings in different cultures. The gestures we use for “yes” and “no” and the way we greet 6 (different) around the world. Some gestures seem to have the same meaning everywhere. Placing your hands together and resting them on the side of your head while closing your eyes means “sleep”. Some body language has many different uses. Perhaps the best example is smiling.
A smile can help us get 7 difficult situations and find friends. A smile can break 8 barriers. Experts suggest 9 (smile) at yourself in the mirror 10 (make) yourself feel happier.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
【答案及详解】
1.information 考查词性转换。根据固定搭配 give sb.sth.可知此处需要一个名词，故填 inform的名词形式information。
2.the 考查形容词最高级的用法。one of＋the＋形容词最高级＋
3．to convey 考查固定搭配。be used to do sth．被用来做某事。故填 to convey。
4.but 考查固定搭配。not just...but...不仅······而且······。故填 but。
5.varies 考查时态和主谓一致。客观事实使用一般现在时态。主语为 body language，故填 varies。
6.differ 考查时态和主谓一致。这里介绍的是客观事实，所以应使用一般现在时态。主语为 The gestures...and the way，故填 differ。
7.through 考查固定搭配。此处指熬过困难的局面。get through 意为“熬过”，故填 through。
8.down 考查固定搭配。句意：微笑能够消除隔阂。breakdown 意为“消除”，故填 down。
9.smiling 考查非谓语动词。suggest doing sth.意为“建议做某事”，故填 smiling。
10．to make 考查非谓语动词。专家建议你对着镜子中的自己微笑的目的是使你自己感觉更开心。此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填 to make。
培优第二阶——拓展培优练
阅读理解A
（2021·全国·高二课时练习）What is technology doing to language? Many assume the answer is simple: ruining it. Kids can no longer write except in text­speak. Grammar is going to the dogs. The ability to compose thoughts longer than a post is disappearing. Language experts tend to resist it, noting that there is little proof that speech is really degenerating, nor is formal writing falling apart.A study by Cambridge Assessment found almost no evidence for text­speak in students’ writing.
Fortunately, the story of language and the Internet has attracted more serious analysts, too.Now Gretchen McCulloch, a journalist of the generation that grew up with the Internet, joins them with a new book, Because Internet, which focuses on what can be learned about language from the Internet. Biologists grow bacteria in a Petri dish partly because they are born and reproduce so quickly that studies over many generations can be done in a reasonably short period. Studying language online is a bit like that: trends appear and disappear, platforms rise and fall, and these let linguists observe changes that would otherwise take too much time.
For example, why do languages change? A thousand years ago, early English and Icelandic were closely related.English has since developed hugely, and Icelandic far less. Linguists have studied the relative effects of strong and weak ties(friends, family) in such patterns, concluding that small communities would host more stable languages. The Internet combines strong and weak ties—and sure enough, drives more language change.
In the end, Ms McCulloch’s book is about the birth of a new medium rather than a new language.Mass reading has now been joined by mass writing: frequent, error­filled and quick­fading.Little surprise that Internet users have created tools to give their writing the gesture, playfulness and even meaninglessness of chat. Mistaking it for the downfall of “real” writing is a category error. Anything that helps people enjoy each other’s company can only be a good thing.
1．What does the underlined word “degenerating” in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A．Strengthening. B．Worsening. C．Changing. D．Refreshing.
2．Why are bacteria in a Petri dish mentioned in Paragraph 2?
A．To explain bacteria have a short lifetime.
B．To stress the difficulty of researching language online.
C．To reveal the relation between language and the Internet.
D．To show online language can be studied in limited time.
3．What contributes to the fast development of English?
A．A large English­speaking population. B．The lasting effect of mass media.
C．A stable language­using community. D．The wide application of the Internet.
4．What’s the author’s attitude to online language?
A．Ambiguous. B．Positive. C．Objective. D．Cautious.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。有人认为科技正在摧毁语言，导致人们的语言能力退化，但语言学家抵制这种说法，他们指出几乎没有证据表明语言真的在退化。文章说明了网络语言的特点以及语言变化的原因。作者认为不能把网络用语归结为“真正”写作水准下降的原因，任何有助于人们享受彼此陪伴的事情都是件好事。
1．词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Kids can no longer write except in text­speak. Grammar is going to the dogs. The ability to compose thoughts longer than a post is disappearing. (孩子们除了用短信说话外再也不写字了。语法不行了。写出比一篇帖子更长文章的能力正在消失)”以及“Language experts tend to resist it, noting that there is little proof that speech is really”可知，很多人认为科技正在摧毁语言，人们的语言能力正在退化，而语言学家往往抵制这种说法，他们指出几乎没有证据表明语言真的在退化，故画线词意思为“退化”。A. Strengthening.加强；B. Worsening.退化；C. Changing.改变；D. Refreshing.使清新。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Biologists grow bacteria in a Petri dish partly because they are born and reproduce so quickly that studies over many generations can be done in a reasonably short period. Studying language online is a bit like that: trends appear and disappear, platforms rise and fall, and these let linguists observe changes that would otherwise take too much time.(生物学家在皮氏培养皿中培养细菌，部分原因是它们出生和繁殖的速度非常快，因此在相当短的时间内就可以完成多代的研究。研究网络语言与之有点类似：趋势的出现和消失，平台的起落，这让语言学家们能够观察到那些原本需要花太多时间才能看到的变化)”可推知，第二段提到皮氏培养皿中的细菌，是为了表明人们可以在有限的时间内研究网络语言。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Linguists have studied the relative effects of strong and weak ties(friends, family) in such patterns, concluding that small communities would host more stable languages.( 语言学家研究了这种模式下强联系和如朋友和家庭等弱联系的相对影响，得出的结论是，较小的社区会拥有更稳定的语言)”可推知，小型社会的语言更稳定，即讲一种语言的人越少，这门语言就越稳定。故是大量说英语的人促进了英语的巨大发展。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Mistaking it for the downfall of ‘real’ writing is a category error. Anything that helps people enjoy each other’s company can only be a good thing.(不能把网络用语归结为“真正”写作水准下降的原因，任何有助于人们享受彼此陪伴的事情都是件好事)”由此推断作者对网络语言持积极的态度。故选B。
阅读理解B
（2021·全国·高二课时练习）As with many etymologies(词源), the exact root of this word is difficult to say with one hundred percent certainty. However, the leading theory is extremely believable and backed up by a fair bit of documented evidence. Specially, it is thought that a dollar is called a “buck” thanks to deer.
One of the earliest references of this was in 1748, 44 years before the first US dollar was created, where there is a reference to the exchange rate for a cast of alcoholic drink traded to Native Americans being “5 bucks”, referring to deerskin.
In yet another documented reference from 1748, about Conrad Weiser, while traveling through present day Ohio, noted in his journal that someone had been “robbed of the value of 300 Bucks”.
At this time , a buck skin was a common medium of exchange. There is also evident that a “buck” didn’t simply mean one deerskin, but may have meant multiple skin, depending on quality. For instance, skin from deer killed in the winter were considered superior to those killed in the summer, due to the fur being thicker. It is thought that the highest quality skins generally had a one to one value at a single buck. The specific value for given sets of skins was then set at trading. In addition, when the skin was from another animal, the number of skins required to equal a buck varied based on the animal and the quality of the skins. For instance, there is one documented trade where twelve high-quality rabbit skin equaled one buck.
This use of skins as a medium of exchange gradually die off over the next century as more and more Europeans moved in and built towns and cities. Once the US dollar was officially introduced after the passing of the Coinage Act of 1782, it quickly became the leading item used as a medium of exchange, but the term “buck” stuck around and by the mid-nineteenth century was being used as an informal term for dollar.
5．It can be inferred from the text that _______.
A．the first dollar was made from a deerskin
B．a skin from any animal was valued at a buck
C．the quality of a deerskin varied with the change of seasons.
D．deerskins were the only medium for trading in the 1970s
6．When did the use of skins as a common medium of exchange die off?
A．As more and more Europeans settled in America.
B．When the Coinage Act of 1792 was passed.
C．When the bucks died out in the 1950s.
D．As the US dollar was officially introduced.
7．The author develops this text mainly by _______.
A．analyzing causes B．following the order of importance
C．making comparison D．following the order of time
8．The text is mainly about_______.
A．when the dollar first appeared B．why a dollar is called a buck
C．What a dollar was worth in the past D．how the word dollar came into being
【答案】5．C 6．A 7．D 8．B
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一美元被称为a buck的原因。
5．推理判断题。根据第四段中“For instance, skin from deer killed in the winter were considered superior to those killed in the summer, due to the fur being thicker.”（ 例如，冬天杀死的鹿的皮被认为比夏天杀死的鹿的皮更厚。）可知，鹿皮的品质随着季节的变化而变化。故选C。
6．细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“This use of skins as a medium of exchange gradually die off over the next century as more and more Europeans moved in and built towns and cities.”（随着越来越多的欧洲人迁入并建造城镇和城市，这种使用皮肤作为交换媒介的做法在下个世纪逐渐消失。）可知，当越来越多的欧洲人定居美国后，毛皮作为交易媒介的作用也逐渐消失了。故选A。
7．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“One of the earliest references of this was in 1748”（最早的记载是在1748年），文章第三段“In yet another documented reference from 1748”（在另一份1748年的记录中）和文章第五段“Once the US dollar was officially introduced after the passing of the Coinage Act of 1782, it quickly became the leading item used as a medium of exchange, but the term “buck” stuck around and by the mid-nineteenth century was being used as an informal term for dollar.”（1782年《货币法》(Coinage Act)通过后，美元正式被引入市场，它很快成为主要的交易媒介，但“buck”一词一直沿用至今，直到19世纪中期，它才被用作美元的非正式称谓。）可推知，文章是按时间顺序来组织行文的。故选D。
8．主旨大意题。 通读全文可知，本文主要围绕buck展开。根据第一段最后一句 “Specially, it is thought that a dollar is called a “buck” thanks to deer.”以及下文主要讲述buck作为物物交换的媒介，由此可知本文在说明一美元被称为a buck的缘由。故选B。
七选五
（2021·全国·高二课时练习）Much meaning can be conveyed clearly with our eyes, so it is often said that eyes can speak. __13__In a bus you may look at a stranger, but not for too long. And if he sensed that you are staring at him, he may feel uncomfortable.
The same is true in our daily life. If you are stared at for more than necessary, you will look at yourself up and down to see if there is anything wrong with you. ___14___. Eyes do speak, right？
Looking too long at someone may seem to be rude and aggressive.____15____. If a man stares at a woman for more than 10 seconds and refuses to look away from her, his intentions are obvious. He wishes to attract her attention, and let her know that he is admiring her.
However, when two persons are engaged in a conversation, the speaker will only look into the listener’s eyes from time to time to make sure that the listener does pay attention to what the former is speaking.___16___ If a speaker looks at you continuously when speaking as if he is trying to control you, you will feel awkward. A poor liar usually exposes himself by looking too long at the victim.
__17__ On the contrary, it will give him away.
Actually, eye contact should be made based on specific relationship and situation.
A．If nothing goes wrong, you will feel annoyed at being stared at that way.
B．That’s what normal eye contact is all about.
C．Actually, continuous eye contact is limited to lovers only.
D．Do you have such a kind of experience?
E．But things are different when it comes to staring at the opposite sex.
F．He wrongly believes that looking straight in the eye is a sign of honest communication.
G．After all, nobody likes to be stared at for quite a long time.
【答案】13．D 14．A 15．E 16．B 17．F
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了眼神交流的目的和意义，说明了适当的眼神交流的好处，同时应避免长时间盯着对方看。
13．根据下句“In a bus you may look at a stranger, but not for too long. And if he sensed that you are staring at him, he may feel uncomfortable.”在公共汽车上，你可能会看一个陌生人，但时间不会太长。如果他感觉到你在盯着他，他可能会感到不舒服。D项Do you have such a kind of experience? 你有这种经历吗？与下句中所描述的经历形成呼应关系。故选D项。
14．根据上句“If you are stared at for more than necessary, you will look at yourself up and down to see if there is anything wrong with you.”如果你感觉非常没必要的被盯着看，你会上下打量自己，看看是否有什么问题。A项If nothing goes wrong, you will feel annoyed at being stared at that way.如果没有任何问题，你会因为被这种方式盯着看而恼怒。与上句anything wrong with you呼应。故选A项。
15．根据下文中“If a man stares at a woman for more than 10 seconds and refuses to look away from her, his intentions are obvious. He wishes to attract her attention, and let her know that he is admiring her.”如果一个男人盯着一个女人超过10秒钟，并且没有将视线从她身上移开，那么他的意图很明显。他希望引起她的注意，并让她知道他在欣赏她。E项But things are different when it comes to staring at the opposite sex. 但是当盯着异性时，事情就不同了。其中staring at the opposite sex与下文man和women相呼应。且与上句Looking too long at someone may seem to be rude and aggressive中rude and aggressive形成对比关系。故选E项。
16．根据上句“the speaker will only look into the listener’s eyes from time to time to make sure that the listener does pay attention to what the former is speaking.”说话者会不时地注视对方的眼睛，以确保对方能关注自己的讲话。可知此句是正常眼神交流的表述。B项That’s what normal eye contact is all about. 这就是正常的眼神交流。与前句所述语境相吻合。故选B项。
17．根据上句中“A poor liar usually exposes himself by looking too long at the victim.”一个卑鄙的骗子通常会因为看着被骗的人太久，而暴露自己。F项“He wrongly believes that looking straight in the eye is a sign of honest communication.”他错误地认为直视是诚实交流的做法。与上句中looking too long和exposes himself形成呼应关系，同时与下文中的give him away“暴露自己”形成对比关系。故选F项。
培优第三阶——高考沙场点兵
阅读理解
（2017·湖北·枝江市第二高级中学一模）The death of languages is not a new phenomenon. Languages usually have a relatively short life span as well as a very high death rate. Only a few, including Egyptian, Chinese, Greek, Latin, have lasted more than 2,000 years.
What is new, however, is the speed at which they are dying out. Europe's colonial conquests caused a sharp decline in linguistic diversity, eliminating at least 15 percent of all languages spoken at the time. Over the last 300 years, Europe has lost a dozen, and Australia has only 20 left of the 250 spoken at the end of the 18th century.
The rise of nation-states has also been decisive in selecting and consolidating national languages and sidelining others. By making great efforts to establish an official language in education, the media and the civil service, national governments have deliberately tried to eliminate minority languages.
This process of linguistic standardization has been boosted by industrialization and scientific progress, which have imposed new methods of communication that are swift, straightforward and practical. Language diversity came to be seen as an obstacle to trade and the spread of knowledge. Monolingualism became an ideal.
More recently, the internationalization of financial markets, the spread of information by electronic media and other aspects of globalization have intensified the threat to “small” languages. A language not on the Internet is a language that “no longer exists'' in the modern world. It is out of the game.
The serious effects of the death of languages are evident. First of all, it is possible that if we all ended up speaking the same language, our brains would lose some of their natural capacity for linguistic inventiveness. We would never be able to figure out the origins of human language or resolve the mystery of "the first language". As each language dies, a chapter of human history closes.
Multilingualism is the most accurate reflection of multiculturalism. The destruction of the first will inevitably lead to the loss of the second. Imposing a language without any links to a people's culture and way of life stifles the expression of their collective genius. A language is not only used for the main instrument of human communication. It also expresses the world vision of those who speak it, their ways of using knowledge. To safeguard languages is an urgent matter.
9．Which of the following does not contribute to the death of languages?
A．Colonial conquests of Europe
B．The boom of human population
C．Advances in science and industrialization
D．The rise of nation-states
10．The underlined word “stifles” in the last paragraph probably means " ".
A．boosts B．fuels
C．imposes D．kills
11．The serious effects of the death of languages include all except that .
A．People would fail to understand how languages originated
B．Language diversity would become an obstacle to globalization
C．Monolingualism would lead to the loss of multiculturalism
D．Human brains would become less creative linguistically
12．What is the author’s purpose of writing this passage?
A．To explain the reasons why languages are dying out.
B．To warn people of the negative aspects of globalization.
C．To call people's attention to the urgency of language preservation.
D．To argue how important it is for people to speak more languages.
【答案】9．B 10．D 11．B 12．C
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了语言加速消亡这一现象并分析了原因。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段“Europe’s colonial conquests caused a sharp decline in linguistic diversity”（欧洲的殖民征服导致了语言多样性的急剧下降）；第三段“The rise of nation-states has also been decisive in selecting and consolidating national languages and sidelining others.”（民族国家的崛起在选择和巩固民族语言和排挤其他语言方面也起到了决定性的作用）以及第四段“This             process of linguistic standardization has been boosted by industrialization and scientific progress, which have imposed new methods of communication that are swift, straightforward and practical. Language diversity came to be seen as an obstacle             to trade and the spread of knowledge.”（工业化和科学进步推动了语言标准化的进程，并带来了迅速、直接和实用的新的交流方法。语言多样性被视为贸易和知识传播的障碍）可知，A，C，D均为语言消亡的原因，而没有提到人口的激增导致语言消亡，故选B。
10．词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“Imposing a language without any links to a people's culture and way of life”可知，将一门语言强加给别人，却没有那个民族的文化和生活联系，此处说的是这样做会产生的不良结果——这种做法实际上是在扼杀语言这一集体智慧的表达。由文意也可推测出stifles应为贬义词，意思是“”扼杀、毁灭”，故选D。
11．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Europe's colonial conquests caused a sharp decline in linguistic diversity, eliminating at least 15 percent of all languages spoken at the time. Over the last 300 years, Europe has lost a dozen, and Australia has only 20 left of the 250 spoken at the end of the 18th century.”（欧洲的殖民征服导致了语言多样性的急剧下降，使当时所说的所有语言中至少有15%被消灭。在过去的300年里，欧洲已经失去了一打，而澳大利亚在18世纪末所说的250种语言中只剩下20种。）可得出A，D是正确的，根据最后一段“Multilingualism is the most accurate reflection of multiculturalism. The destruction of the  first will inevitably lead to the loss of the second. ”（多种语言是多元文化的最准确反映。第一个的破坏必然导致第二个的损失）可得出C是正确的，以上三项都是语言消亡会带来的消极影响，而B项（语言多样性将成为全球化的障碍）与文章观点相悖，故选B。
12．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了语言加速消亡这一现象并分析了原因，因此作者写这篇文章是为了让人么意识到语言消亡的严重性并呼吁人们重视语言的保护。故选C。
语法填空
（2022·全国·高三课时练习）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
We use flowers as messengers, to say something we might have trouble saying ____18____(direct) ourselves. Over time flowers have come to symbolize the most powerful human experiences: beauty, love, hope, and rebirth. Sweet flowers alone can say ____19____ one fears expressing. We’ve listed some of the most famous flowers ____20____ have a special significance.
In Mao Zedong’s poem Ode to the Plum Blossom(《咏梅》), the plum blossom was used ____21____(praise) great soldiers who sacrificed their lives for a better life for Chinese people.
____22____ great Chinese poet Li Bai from the Tang dynasty once compared Yang Yuhuan’s beautiful face to blooming peonies(牡丹). Flowering in May, peonies’ large petals and strong colors are linked to prosperity(繁荣) and ____23____(rich) in traditional Chinese culture.
The orchid(兰花) is well known for its delicate smell. Beautiful articles and poems ____24____(call) “lanzhang” by Chinese people in ancient times.
Roses, of course, have the ____25____(colorful) meaning among all the flowers. Red roses, to this day, mean “I love you. ” A red rose, rather than yellow roses, ____26____(act) as the traditional romantic gift given to your love on Valentine’s Day. ____27____(send) yellow roses can be risky, as they represent either friendship or envy.
【答案及解析】
18．考查副词。句意：我们用鲜花作为信使，来表达我们自己可能很难直接表达的东西。由空前的动词saying可知，此处应用副词修饰。故填directly。
19．考查宾语从句连接词。句意：只有甜蜜的花朵能说出一个人害怕表达的东西。分析句子结构可知， 空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作宾语表示“什么”含义，应填连接代词what。故填what。
20．考查定语从句关系词。句意：我们列出了一些最有名的花，它们有特殊的意义。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，从句缺少主语，先行词为flowers且有形容词最高级修饰, 所以空处只能填关系代词that。故填that。
21．考查非谓语动词。句意：在毛泽东的《咏梅》中，梅花是用来赞美为中国人民的美好生活而牺牲生命的伟大战士的。分析句子结构可知，此处考查的是固定搭配be used to do sth.意为 “被用来做某事”。故填to praise。
22．考查冠词。句意：中国唐代大诗人李白曾把杨玉环的美貌比作盛开的牡丹。句中Li Bai作poet的同位语，而介词短语from the Tang dynasty是后置定语，所以空处应填定冠词The表特指。故填The。
23．考查名词。句意：在中国传统文化中，5月开花的牡丹花大花瓣和浓重的色彩与繁荣和丰富联系在一起。空前and一词决定其前后单词词性相同，and前prosperity 是名词，所以空处应该也是名词，形容词rich的名词是richness。故填richness。
24．考查动词时态和语态。句意：美丽的文章和诗歌在古代被中国人称为“兰章”。分析句子结构可知，call在句中做谓语动词，它和主语articles and poems之间是被动关系，所以此处应用被动语态；由时间状语“in ancient times (在古代)”可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were called。
25．考查形容词。句意：当然，玫瑰在所有的花中有最丰富多彩的含义。由句末介词短语“among all the flowers(在所有的花之中)”可知，这里应用形容词的最高级。故填most colorful。
26．考查动词的时态及主谓一致。句意：在情人节送给爱人的传统浪漫礼物是红玫瑰，而不是黄玫瑰。本段描述的都是客观情况，故应用一般现在时；句子的主语是A red rose，而不是rather than后的yellow roses，所以谓语动词应该用单数形式。 故填acts。
27．考查非谓语动词。句意：送黄玫瑰是有风险的，因为它们要么代表友谊，要么代表嫉妒。分析句子结构可知，句中缺少主语，所以应用动名词作主语。故填Sending。