高中人教版 (2019)Unit 5 Working the Land精品达标测试

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Unit 5 Working the land
Part 1 Reading and Thinking
课前积累

词性转换
1. consist vi. 组成→________ adj. 一致的； 连续的
2. consume vt. 消费； 消耗→________ n. 消费者→ ________ n. 消耗
3. elegant adj. 优雅的 →________ n. 优雅
4. prior adj. 先前的； 优先的 →________ n. 优先权
5. stable adj. 稳定的； 稳重的 →________ n. 稳定性
6. except prep. 除了 →________ adj. 特别的； 罕见的
7. minimum adj最小的； 最低（限度）的 n. 最小值 →________ v. 最小化
8. associate v. 联系； 联想→________ n. 关联； 协会
9. moderate adj. 适度的； 合理的→________ n. 适度； 合理
答案自查

1. consistent 2. consumer     consumption 3. elegance 4. priority 5.stability
6. exceptional 7. minimize 8. association 9. moderation
课后培优练级练

培优第一阶——基础过关练
I. 单词拼写
1．The s__________(短缺）of fresh water made the people in this area hard to live.
【答案】shortage
2．C__________(传统的) wisdom has it that mountain biking is far more dangerous, but I disagree.
【答案】Conventional
3．We need a big win to b________(增强，促进) our confidence.
【答案】boost
4．At first, we were suspected, but we finally c___________ them of our honesty.
【答案】convinced
5．People waited outside for the chance to see some________(名人).
【答案】celebrities
6．A ______(特征)of this animal is its ability to live for a long time without water.
【答案】characteristic/feature
7．My muscle may be not strong enough for such an ______ (激烈的)sport.
【答案】intense
8．We can ________ (克服) any difficulty, however great.
【答案】overcome
9．The efficiency of study is related to the focus of mind rather than________(消耗) of time.
【答案】consumption
10．Currently, it is ________（估计）that heating water accounts for about 5% of the carbon footprint of the US.【答案】estimated
11．A child’s vocabulary ______ (扩大) mainly through reading.
【答案】expands
12．Karl Marx ________________(献身) himself to the revolution cause.
【答案】devoted
13．The two groups of children have quite different _________ (特点).
【答案】characteristics
14．The sense of ________ (视觉) is one of the important ways that the mankind obtain an outside information.
【答案】vision
15．To Youyou has________(奉献) all her energies to medicine science.
【答案】devoted
16．This approach is based on the ___________(假设) that people will be most interested in the activities they choose for themselves.
【答案】assumption
17．Water is _______________ (组成) of hydrogen and oxygen.
【答案】composed
18．She is too young to tell if she can really ________(致力于) herself to ballet.
【答案】devote
19．He is thinking of ______________(扩展) his business.
【答案】expanding
II.选词填空
approve of；be consistent with；complain；encounter；end up     
be related to；devote oneself to；convince；rely on；pretend to
1．As is known to all, physics ________ math.
2．As we missed the last bus, we ________ taking a taxi home.
3．If you want to take the position, you’ll need to ________ the boss of your enthusiasm for it.
4．You can believe what Tom said. His action ________ his words.
5．My parents need to know exactly where I plan to go before they can ________ my trip.
6．Linda decided to ________ supporting her son in pursuing his dream.
7．All passersby ________ about the stone in the center of the road, but nobody tried to move it.
8．Mark closed his eyes and ________ be asleep.
9．Sherry lost her hearing when she was young and now she ________ hearing aids and lip-reading.
10．Being an explorer means taking risks and ________ various difficulties on the road to the unknown.
【答案】1．is related to 2．ended up 3．convince 4．is consistent with 5．approve of
6．devote herself to 7．complained 8．pretended to 9．relies on 10．encountering
【解析】
1．考查时态及短语。句意：众所周知，物理与数学有关。根据句意，此处表示 “与……有关”，故用短语be related to。此句描述一般事实，故用一般现在时。主语physics是单数名词，故填is related to。
2．考查时态及短语。句意：因为我们错过了最后一班公交车，最终打车回家。根据missed可知，时态是一般过去时。此处考查短语end up doing sth.表示“最后做某事”。根据时态，故填ended up。
3．考查不定式。句意：如果你想担任这个职位，你需要使老板相信你对这个职位的热情。根据短语need to do sth.可知，此处应填不定式。根据空前to，此处填动词原形。表示“使……信服、相信”，故填convince。
4．考查时态及短语。句意：你可以相信Tom说的话。他言行一致。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处表示“与……一致”，故用短语be consistent with。此句描述一般事实，故用一般现在时。主语是第三人称单数He，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填is consistent with。
5．考查动词短语。句意：我的父母要在同意我去旅行前，要确切知道我打算去哪里。根据空前can可知，其后应接动词原形。根据句意，此处应表示“同意”，故用动词短语approve of。故填approve of。
6．考查不定式及动词短语。句意：Linda决定全心支持儿子追梦。根据短语decide to do及空前的to可知，此处填动词原形。根据句意，此处表示“全心……”，故用短语devote oneself to。oneself与主语Linda一致，故用herself，故填devote herself to。
7．考查时态及动词。句意：所有的路人都抱怨路中间的石头，但没人尽力搬它。根据tried可知，时态是一般过去时。根据句意，此处表示“抱怨”，故用动词过去式complained。故填complained。
8．考查时态及动词短语。句意：Mark闭着眼睛假装睡着。根据closed可知，时态是一般过去时。根据句意，此处表示“假装做某事”，故用动词短语pretend to do sth.。根据时态，故填pretended to。
9．考查时态及动词短语。句意：Sherry小的时候失聪了，现在她依靠助听器和唇语。根据句意，此处表示“依靠”，故用短语rely on。根据now，表示与过去对比，时态应用一般现在时，。根据主语she，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填relies on。
10．考查动名词。句意：作为一名探险家，意味着在通往未知的道路上冒险，并遇到各种困难。根据mean doing sth.及and表并列可知，此处应用动名词，与taking保持并列。根据句意，此处表示“遭遇、遇到”，故填encountering。
III. 单句语法填空
1．You should give ________ evidence to make yourself ________.(convince)
【答案】     convincing     convinced
【详解】考查形容词及非谓语动词。句意：你应该给出令人信服的证据来使别人相信你。第一空修饰名词evidence，应用形容词convincing，意为“令人信服的”；第二空是“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，yourself和convince之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，作宾语补足语。故填①convincing；②convinced。
2．__________ (devote) to the old lady aged 60, the two little yellow dogs were with her for 196 hours till she was rescued.
【答案】Devoted
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：为了照顾这位60岁的老太太，两只小黄狗陪伴了她196个小时，直到她获救。be devoted to“致力于……”为固定搭配，此处作状语，省略be，同时该词置于句首，首字母应该大写。故填Devoted。
3．As long as we are united, there is no difficulty we can ________(overcome).
【答案】not overcome
【详解】考查情态动词加动词的否定。句意：只要我们团结一致，就没有克服不了的困难。根据句意“没有克服不了的困难”以及上文的情态动词can可知，此处应填not overcome。故填not overcome。
4．It’s common sense that gas and oil ________(consume) always increases in cold winter.
【答案】consumption
【详解】考查名词。句意：在寒冷的冬天，天然气和石油的消耗量总是增加，这是常识。根据上文 that gas and oil和后文 always increases可知，此处应填consume的名词consumption
做主语。故填consumption。
5．She was no longer able to distinguish between imagination and ________(real).
【答案】reality
【详解】考查名词。句意：她再也不能分清幻想和现实了。设空处与imagination并列，作介词between的宾语， 应用名词形式reality。故填reality。
6．________(attain) five “A” grades, we must work harder and harder.
【答案】To attain
【详解】考查非谓语。句意：为了得到5个优的成绩，我们必须更努力学习。根据英文提示和句意“为了得到”可知，此处应用不定式表目的。故填To attain。
7．Only when the results came out did he realize that he should ________ (devote) himself to his studies, but it was too late.
【答案】have devoted
【详解】考查情态动词+have done用法。句意：只有当结果出来的时候，他才意识到他本应该全身心地投入到他的研究中，但是已经太晚了。结合句意可知，此处表达“本应该做某事而未做”应用should have done。故填have devoted。
8．There is a ________ (short) of fresh water on the island.
【答案】shortage
【详解】考查名词。句意：岛上淡水短缺。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处缺少名词在there be句型中作主语，由空前不定冠词a可知，应用名词shortage的单数形式。故填shortage。
9．The ___________ (characteristic) of Chinese music are related to the Chinese language where the same pronunciation with different tones represents different meanings.
【答案】characteristics
【详解】考查名词。句意：中国音乐的特点与汉语有关，即同音不同声调代表不同含义。空处需填名词作主语，characteristic意为“特点”，是可数名词，结合空后的“are”可知，此处需填名词复数形式。故填characteristics。
10．__________ (comprise) of the 28,600 nurses, a medical team departed from Daqing to Shanghai last week, where COVID-19 outbreak occurred.
【答案】Comprised
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由28600名护士组成的医疗队上周从大庆出发，前往发生新冠肺炎疫情的上海。根据句子结构分析可知，departed 为句子的谓语，因此comprise为非谓语作状语。因为comprise与句子主语“a medical team（医疗队）”是被动关系，因此需使用过去分词形式，故填Comprised。
11．Our ambition is______________(expand)Huaiwei as a powerful, globally consistent, first-class brand.
【答案】to expand
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们的目标是把华为打造成一个强大的、全球一致的一流品牌。分析句子可知，is是谓语，空处填非谓语，ambition是“目标、志向”含义指向未来，用to do不定式做表语，对主语进行具体说明。故填to expand。
IV. 翻译句子
1．拍摄完成后，导演花了六个月的时间剪辑电影。(devote) （汉译英）

【答案】After the filming (was completed), the director devoted six months to editing his movie.
2．恰当地利用肢体语言可以帮助你克服与人交流的障碍。(用-ing形式作主语) （汉译英）

【答案】Using body language properly can help you overcome obstacles in communicating with others.
3．金属遇热则膨胀。（expand）（汉译英）

【答案】Metals expand when they are heated.
4．他们是如何克服这个问题的还不得而知。（overcome；unknown）（汉译英）

【答案】How they overcame this problem is still unknown.
5．直到这个以前很常见的物种被报道濒临灭绝，相关当局才深信现在是迎接挑战而不是打退堂鼓的时候。（It, edge, convince, rise）（汉译英）

【答案】It was until this previously common species was reported to be on the edge of extinction that the relevant authorities were convinced that it was time to rise to the challenge rather than retreat.
V. 课文语法填空
Known as the “father of hybrid rice", Yuan Longping is one of China's 1 (famous) scientists, who considers himself a farmer 2 his fame and influence. 3 (tackle) the crisis of food 4 (short), he attended Southwest Agricultural College and made up his mind to study agriculture. Then as a researcher, he was devoted to finding 5 approach to boosting yields without expanding the area of land. 6 (overcome) enormous difficulties, he developed the first hybrid rice in the world that could be used for farming in 1974, which made 7 possible for farmers to expand their output 8 (great). Not only has his innovation helped to feed China, but it 9 (alleviate) hunger in other countries depending on rice like India and Vietnam. Given his great contribution, he has received numerous awards both in China and abroad. In spite of being wealthy, he cares little for celebrity or money and makes large donations to support agricultural research. Old 10 he is, he is still working hard to fulfill his dream.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
【答案及详解】
1.most famous 考查形容词最高级。此处指袁隆平是中国最著名的科学家之一。由语境可知这里应用形容词最高级 most famous。
2.despite 考查介词。此处指尽管他负有盛名和影响力，他还是把自己看作一个农民。空后fame和influence是名词，介词后可接名词，根据句意可知填despite，表示“尽管”。
3．To tackle 考查非谓语动词。句意：为解决食物短缺的危机，他上西南农学院并下定决心学习农业。根据句意可知，此处用动词不定式短语作目的状语，故填To tackle。
4.shortage 考查名词。句意：见上题解析。food shortage 意为“食物短缺”。
5．an 考查冠词。此处指他致力于找到一种提高产量又不用扩大土地面积的方法。此处第一次提到approach，表泛指，用不定冠词，approach以元音音素开头，故用an。
6．Having overcome 考查非谓语动词。此处指克服重重困难后，他在1974年研发出世界上第一株可用于农业的杂交水稻。克服困难后才研发出杂交水稻，overcome的动作发生在谓语 developed之前，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，故用Having overcome。
7．it 考查形式宾语。此处指这使得农民们能够大大地扩大产量。动词不定式短语是make真正的宾语，此处应用it作形式宾语。
8．greatly 考查副词。此处用副词greatly 修饰动词expand。
9．has alleviated 考查时态。句意：他的新方法不仅有助于养活中国人，而且也缓和了其他像印度和越南这样的依靠大米的国家的饥饿问题。not only...but...是连词，连接并列的分句，后一分句缺谓语，前一分句用现在完成时，故此处也应用现在完成时，故填 has alleviated。
10.as/though 考查让步状语从句和倒装。句意：尽管他年事已高，他仍然努力工作来实现他的梦想。 根据句意可知，此处表示“尽管”，从句表语old提到句首，用了倒装，故用as或though 引导让步状语从句。
培优第二阶——拓展培优练
阅读理解A
Yuan Longping is one of the greatest scientists in China. Having spent 50 years in agricultural (农业的) research, he has made a great contribution in solving the problem of feeding the large population of China.
Yuan Long ping’s interest in agriculture began when he was still in primary school. Though his parents wished that he could study science or medicine, Yuan Longping chose to study agriculture at university. After graduation in 1953, Yuan became a teacher in an agricultural school in a small town called Anjiang, where he stayed for 19 years. Anjiang was the place where Yuan started his Hybrid rice (杂交水稻) research and eventually developed the world –famous three-line hybrid rice.
During the period from the late 1950s to the early 1960s, China suffered from a nationwide famine (饥荒). The suffering left a deep impession on YuanLongping, and he decided to make an effort to ensure that people in the future would have enough food to eat. Since 1960, he has devoted himself to the research and development of a better rice varietal (品种). Yuan Longping’s research was not supported in the beginning. Many people did not believe he would succeed. However, with a lot of effort and research in the field, Yuan’s group developed the first high-yielding (高产的) hybrid rice varietal in 1974. This rice yielded 20 percent more per unit than other rice plants, putting China in the lead in worldwide rice production.
Since then, Yuan Longping’s hybrid rice has also been grown in over 20 countries and has been attracting attention from the whole world, especially in areas at a risk from famine. Yuan Longping’s achievement is considered achievement as a victory over the threat of famine.
As he accepted his Lifetime Achievement Award in 2019, Yuan Longping said that lifetime achievement means to strive (奋斗) with all your life. He will continue to demonstrate the award through his own actions.
11．How long did it take Yuan Longping to develop the first high-yielding hybrid rice varietal?
A．14 years. B．19 years.
C．20 years. D．24 years.
12．What can we learn about Yuan Longping from the passage?
A．Yuan will stop his research when he gets older.
B．Yuan’s hybrid rice helps both China and other countries.
C．Yuan’s research on hybrid rice was always widely supported.
D．Yuan became interested in agriculture when he was in university.
13．What is the correct order of the following events?
a. Yuan achieved the Lifetime Achievement Award.
b. A national famine took place in China.
c. Yuan began to work as a teacher in an agricultural school.
d. Yuan’s hybrid rice started to be grown in other countries.
e. Yuan’s group developed the first high-yielding hybrid rice.
A．c-b-e-d-a B．c-b-a-d-e
C．b-c-e-d-a D．b-c-a-d-e
14．What is the best title for the passage?
A．Fight Against Famine.
B．The Three-Line Hybrid Rice.
C．Lifetime Achievement Award for Yuan Longping
D．Yuan Longping—the Father of Hybrid Rice
【答案】11．A 12．B 13．A 14．D
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了袁隆平的个人经历和他的贡献。袁隆平一生致力于研究杂交水稻，他和他的团队研制出了第一个高产杂交水稻品种，对中国和其他国家有很大帮助。
11．细节理解题。根据第三段“Since 1960, he has devoted himself to the research and development of a better rice varietal. Yuan Longping’s research was not supported in the beginning. Many people did not believe he would succeed. However, with a lot of effort and research in the field, Yuan’s group developed the first high-yielding hybrid rice varietal in 1974.”（自1960年以来，他一直致力于研究和开发更好的水稻品种。袁隆平的研究一开始没有得到支持。许多人不相信他会成功。然而，通过在该领域的大量努力和研究，袁隆平的团队在1974年培育出了第一个高产杂交水稻品种。）可知，袁隆平1960年开始研究水稻，1974年研制出第一个高产杂交水稻品种，因此可以计算出，袁隆平花了14年培育出第一个高产杂交水稻品种，故选A。
12．推理判断题。根据第三段“This rice yielded 20 percent more per unit than other rice plants, putting China in the lead in worldwide rice production.”（这种水稻的单位产量比其它水稻高出20%，使中国在全球水稻产量中处于领先地位。）和第四段“Since then, Yuan Longping’s hybrid rice has also been grown in over 20 countries and has been attracting attention from the whole world, especially in areas at a risk from famine.”（从那时起，袁隆平的杂交水稻也在20多个国家种植，受到了全世界的关注，尤其是在面临饥荒的地区。）可推断出，袁隆平研究的杂交水稻对中国和其他国家都有帮助。故选B。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段“After graduation in 1953, Yuan became a teacher in an agricultural school in a small town called Anjiang,”（1953毕业后，袁隆平在一个叫安江的小镇上的农业学校当老师），第三段“During the period from the late 1950s to the early 1960s, China suffered from a nationwide famine.”（20世纪50年代末到60年代初，中国遭受了一场全国性的饥荒。），第三段“However, with a lot of effort and research in the field, Yuan’s group developed the first high-yielding hybrid rice varietal in 1974.”（然而，经过大量的田间试验和研究，袁隆平团队于1974年研制出了第一个高产杂交水稻品种。）,第四段“Since then, Yuan Longping’s hybrid rice has also been grown in over 20 countries and has been attracting attention from the whole world, especially in areas at a risk from famine.”（从那时起，袁隆平的杂交水稻也在20多个国家种植，受到了全世界的关注，尤其是在面临饥荒的地区。），和最后一段“As he accepted his Lifetime Achievement Award in 2019, Yuan Longping said that lifetime achievement means to strive with all your life.”（在2019年接受终身成就奖时，袁隆平说，终身成就意味着用一生的时间去奋斗。）可知，“c. Yuan began to work as a teacher in an agricultural school.”（袁隆平在农业学校当老师）发生在1953年；“b. A national famine took place in China.”（中国遭受了一场全国性的饥荒）发生在20世纪50年代末到60年代初；“e. Yuan’s group developed the first high-yielding hybrid rice.”（袁隆平团队研制出了第一个高产杂交水稻品种）发生在1974年；“d. Yuan’s hybrid rice started to be grown in other countries.”（袁隆平的杂交水稻开始在其他国家种植）发生在1974年后；“a. Yuan achieved the Lifetime Achievement Award.”（袁隆平获得终身成就奖）发生在2019年。所以根据时间来排序，应该是c-b-e-d-a，故选A。
14．主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了袁隆平的个人经历和他的贡献。袁隆平一生致力于研究杂交水稻，他和他的团队研制出了第一个高产杂交水稻品种，对中国和其他国家有很大帮助。所以文章最好的标题是，袁隆平——杂交水稻之父，故选D。
阅读理解B
（2022·广东广州·高一期末）Nearly 700, 000 people have taken part in the world's largest wildlife survey, helping to count the numbers of wild birds in the UK. The Big Garden Birdwatch is organised every year by a charity called the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB). It is a chance for people to record the birds that visit their garden, balcony or local green space. The survey gives the RSPB a snapshot of how different types of birds are doing, and whether their populations are going up or down.
This year more than 11 million birds were counted. The house sparrow was the most commonly-seen garden bird, with more than 1.7 million recorded sightings. However, despite hitting the top spot, its numbers are lower than in 2021.
There was a rise in greenfinch numbers, which gives hope that the species may be recovering from a big drop in population over the last 30 years, mainly caused by disease. The survey also showed that numbers of jay, a colourful member of the crow family, have increased by 73% compared to 2021.
Almost 60, 000 schoolchildren took part in the survey, which involved spending an hour in nature counting different types of birds. Wood pigeons were the most commonly spotted by schools, with an average of eight seen by the schools that took part. Blackbirds came a close second.
The Big Garden Birdwatch bas been running since 1979, providing valuable information on the welfare of the UK's wild birds for the last 43 years. The RSPB's chief executive officer. Rebecca Speight, said, “It's been brilliant to see so many people taking part this year, taking time out to watch and reconnect with birds.” she added. “Spring is amazing. Spring sees the return of nature's biggest music festival, the dawn chorus. Open your back door, a window or simply step outside and listen.”
1．The Big Garden Birdwatch is held every year to ________.
A．make a survey on the world's wildlife B．develop family relationship in the UK
C．learn the present situation of UK's wild birds D．encourage people to take photos of the wild birds
2．What can we know about the house sparrow?
A．It is usually spotted by schoolchildren. B．Its number decreases compared to last year.
C．It is the most commonly-seen bird in the world. D．It is a colourful member of the crow family.
3．Rebecca Speight's words implies that ________.
A．birds are easily watched and reconnected in spring
B．the connection between people and nature becomes closer
C．spring is the best time for music festivals outdoors
D．RSPB are becoming less popular among people
4．What is the purpose of the passage?
A．To instruct how to watch the birds. B．To describe different kinds of birds.
C．To argue for the protection of wild birds. D．To introduce a bird counting activity in the UK.
5．What is the author's attitude towards the activity?
A．Objective. B．Disapproving. C．Positive. D．Unclear
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．D 5．C
【语篇解读】这是一篇报道。本文介绍了名为“RSPB”的慈善机构自1979年开始运作的每年一度的“大花园鸟类观察”活动，这项迄今历时43年的活动为英国野生鸟类的生存状况提供了宝贵信息，并且使人与自然的联系更加密切。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“The survey gives the RSPB a snapshot of how different types of birds are doing, and whether their populations are going up or down.(这项调查让皇家鸟类保护协会了解了不同种类的鸟类的生活状况，以及它们的数量是增加还是减少)”可知，在英国所举行的每年一次Big Garden Birdwatch活动是为了了解英国野生鸟类的现状。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“The house sparrow was the most commonly-seen garden bird, with more than 1.7 million recorded sightings. However, despite hitting the top spot, its numbers are lower than in 2021. (家麻雀是最常见的花园鸟，有超过170万次的目击记录。然而，尽管位居榜首，但其数字低于2021年。)”可知，家雀比去年数量有所减少。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Rebecca Speight, said, “It's been brilliant to see so many people taking part this year, taking time out to watch and reconnect with birds.” she added. “Spring is amazing. Spring sees the return of nature's biggest music festival, the dawn chorus. Open your back door, a window or simply step outside and listen.”(Rebecca Speight说：“看到今年有这么多人参与进来，花时间观察鸟类，并与它们重新建立联系，这真是太棒了。”)”可知，Rebecca Speight的话暗示着人与自然的联系越来越紧密了。故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段“Nearly 700, 000 people have taken part in the world's largest wildlife survey, helping to count the numbers of wild birds in the UK. The Big Garden Birdwatch is organised every year by a charity called the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB).( 近70万人参与了世界上最大的野生动物调查，帮助统计英国野生鸟类的数量。“大花园鸟类观察”是由一家名为“皇家鸟类保护协会(RSPB)”的慈善机构每年组织的活动)”并通读全文可知，本文介绍了英国的一项鸟类计数活动。故选D。
5．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The Big Garden Birdwatch bas been running since 1979, providing valuable information on the welfare of the UK's wild birds for the last 43 years. (大花园鸟类观察组织自1979年开始运作，在过去的43年里为英国野生鸟类的生存状况提供了宝贵的信息。)”和引用Rebecca Speight的话，作者认为这项活动为英国野生鸟类的生存状况提供了宝贵信息，并且使人与自然的联系更加密切，可知，作者持赞成的态度，故选C。
七选五
（2022·河南省实验中学高一期中）Seven of the world’s 15 most aid-dependent countries are islands in the Pacific. ____14____. But now the changing weather patterns are another factor that could make low-lying islands unfit for human beings to live long before most of them disappear.
Many of the ring-shaped coral islands have been able to adapt to sea-level rise, changing shape as sediment (沉积物) decreases and waves push them around. But the natural adaptation of coastal ecosystems may be only temporary: faster rates of sea-level rise, stronger waves and a growing human population may lower their ability to adapt. ____15____.
Another risk more urgent comes from even small rises in the sea level. These can cause extremely high tides to briefly but entirely cover the narrow parts of low-lying land. ____16____. The saltwater can kill crops such as banana and gets into groundwater, making it unfit to drink. The companies that changing salty water into fresh water are pricey and, like all machines, can fail. “____17____,” says Michael Walsh, a former economic adviser to Kiribati. “But people of these islands may well die of thirst.”
____18____. “How to prepare to move a nation in dignity, that has never been done before,” says Kamal Amakrane, a migration expert. “This is happening,” Mr Amakrane warns, “We have 10-15 years to prepare for it.”
A．It is important
B．That is one risk
C．The islands are not drowning
D．Such “king tides” are becoming more frequent
E．The depressing long-term solution may be to move
F．Tales of sinking islands have been going on for years
G．People can ask for help from the international organizations
【答案】14．F 15．B 16．D 17．C 18．E
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了低洼岛屿可能在消失之前很久就不适合人类生存的原因，岛上的人们面临着风险，移民专家在积极寻求解决方法。
14．下文“But now the changing weather patterns are another factor that could make low-lying islands unfit for human beings to live long before most of them disappear.(但现在，不断变化的天气模式是另一个因素，可能使低洼岛屿在大多数岛屿消失之前很久就不适合人类生存。)”说明不断变化的天气是使低洼岛屿不适合人类生存的另一个因素，空处应介绍低洼岛屿不适合人类生存的因素，F项“关于岛屿下沉的传说已经流传多年了”说明岛屿可能下沉，这会使得岛屿不适合人类生存，符合题意。故选F。
15．上文“But the natural adaptation of coastal ecosystems may be only temporary: faster rates of sea-level rise, stronger waves and a growing human population may lower their ability to adapt.(但是，沿海生态系统的自然适应可能只是暂时的：海平面上升速度加快、海浪加大和人口增长可能会降低他们的适应能力。)”说明沿海生态系统可能不会长久自然适应，这是有风险的，B项“这是一个风险”符合题意。故选B。
16．上文“These can cause extremely high tides to briefly but entirely cover the narrow parts of low-lying land.(这些可能会导致极高的潮汐短暂但完全覆盖低洼地的狭窄部分。)”说明海平面上升会导致极高的潮汐，D项中king tides 指代上文中“极高的潮汐”，D项“这样的“大潮”正在变得更加频繁”承接上文，符合题意。故选D。
17．下文“But people of these islands may well die of thirst.(但这些岛屿的人民很可能会渴死。)”说明虽然岛屿不会被淹没，但是岛上的人们可能会被渴死，C项“这些岛屿没有被淹没”与下文形成转折关系，符合题意。故选C。
18．下文“How to prepare to move a nation in dignity, that has never been done before (如何准备让一个国家有尊严地搬走，这是以前从未做过的。)”说明移民专家在努力想出解决办法，让整个国家有尊严地搬走，E项“令人沮丧的长期解决方案可能是搬家”符合题意。故选E。
培优第三阶——高考沙场点兵
阅读理解A
（2022·上海崇明·二模）China’s policy of planting trees is likely playing a significant role in tempering its climate impacts. An international team has identified two areas in the country where the scale of carbon dioxide absorption by new forests has been underestimated. Taken together, these areas account for a little over 35% of China’s entire land carbon “sink”, the group says.
A carbon sink is any area that absorbs more carbon than it releases, such as forests, thereby lowering the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere.
China is one of the world’s major sources of human-produced carbon dioxide. But it has stated an intention to peak the emissions before 2030 and then to move to carbon neutrality by 2060.
“Achieving China’s net-zero target by 2060 will involve a massive change in energy production and also the growth of sustainable land carbon sinks,” said co-author Prof Yi Liu at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. “The afforestation (植树造林) activities described in our Nature paper will play a role in achieving that target,” he said.
China’s increasing leafiness has been evident for some time. Billions of trees have been planted in recent decades, to tackle desertification and soil loss.
The new study modifies estimates for how much CO2 all these extra trees could be taking up as they grow. The latest analysis examined a host of data sources. These consisted of forestry records, satellite remote-sensing measurements of vegetation greenness, soil water availability, and observations of CO2, again made from space but also from direct sampling of the air at ground level.
The two previously under-appreciated carbon sink areas are centred on China’s southwest, in Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi provinces; and its northeast, particularly Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces.
Prof Shaun Quegan from Sheffield University, UK, studies Earth’s carbon balance but was not involved in this research. He said the extent of the northeast sink was not a surprise to him, but the southwest one was. But he cautioned that new forests’ ability to draw down carbon declines with time as the growth rate declines and the systems move towards a more steady state.
Richard Black, director of the Energy and Climate Intelligence Unit (ECIU), a non-profit think-tank working on climate change and energy issues, said, “However, although the forest sink is bigger than thought, no one should mistake this as providing a ‘free pass’ way to reach net zero. For one thing, carbon absorption will be needed to make up for ongoing emissions of all greenhouse gases, not just CO2; for another, the carbon balance of China’s forests may be compromised (折中) by climate change impacts, as we’re seeing now in places such as California, Australia and Russia.”
6．The word “tempering” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to “_______”.
A．assessing B．solidifying
C．lessening D．authorizing
7．What can be learned about the new study?
A．It finds that China has stopped its desertification by planting trees.
B．It is based on data from both the ground and the satellites.
C．It warns that China will peak its emissions before 2030.
D．It overlooks the roles that the land carbon sinks play.
8．According to Prof Shaun Quegan and Richard Black, _______.
A．forest sinks absorb less carbon dioxide when they are growing
B．new forests are very likely to guarantee the target of carbon neutrality
C．the southwest sink won’t draw down as much carbon as the northeast one
D．many other factors need to be taken into account when assessing the forest sink
9．Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A．Greenhouse Gas Emission Largely Reduced
B．Roles of Carbon Sinks Proved by New Study
C．China’s Forest Carbon Absorption Underestimated
D．Climate Impacts Balanced Due to China’s Afforestation
【答案】6．C 7．B 8．D 9．C
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是中国森林碳汇的规模被低估以及关于中国森林碳汇的新的研究。
6．词句猜测题。根据第一段的“An international team has identified two areas in the country where the scale of carbon dioxide absorption by new forests has been underestimated.(一个国际小组已经在该国确定了两个地区，这些地区的新森林吸收二氧化碳的规模被低估了。)”可知，第一段第一句的意思是“中国的植树政策可能在缓和气候影响方面发挥了重要作用”，tempering的意思是“缓和”，和lessening意思相近，故选C。
7．细节理解题。根据倒数第四段的“These consisted of forestry records, satellite remote-sensing measurements of vegetation greenness, soil water availability, and observations of CO2, again made from space but also from direct sampling of the air at ground level.(这些数据包括林业记录、卫星遥感测量植被绿度、土壤水分可利用性以及对二氧化碳的观测，这些数据同样来自太空，但也来自对地面空气的直接采样。)”可知，新的研究是基于来自地面和卫星的数据。故选B。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“For one thing, carbon absorption will be needed to make up for ongoing emissions of all greenhouse gases, not just CO2; for another, the carbon balance of China’s forests may be compromised by climate change impacts, as we’re seeing now in places such as California, Australia and Russia.(首先，需要碳吸收来弥补正在排放的所有温室气体，而不仅仅是二氧化碳；另一方面，中国森林的碳平衡可能会受到气候变化的影响，就像我们现在在加州、澳大利亚和俄罗斯等地看到的那样。)”可知，在评估森林碳汇时，还需要考虑许多其他因素，故选D。
9．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“China’s policy of planting trees is likely playing a significant role in tempering its climate impacts. An international team has identified two areas in the country where the scale of carbon dioxide absorption by new forests has been underestimated. Taken together, these areas account for a little over 35% of China’s entire land carbon “sink”, the group says.(中国的植树政策可能在缓和气候影响方面发挥了重要作用。一个国际小组已经在该国确定了两个地区，这些地区的新森林吸收二氧化碳的规模被低估了。该组织称，这些地区加起来占中国整个土地碳“汇”的35%多一点。)”可知，本文主要讲的是中国森林碳汇的规模被低估以及关于中国森林碳汇的新的研究，因此最好的题目是C选项“China’s Forest Carbon Absorption Underestimated(中国森林碳吸收被低估)”，故选C。
阅读理解B
（2022·广东·深圳市光明区高级中学模拟预测）As I work in the garden, I take my time and the garden is teaching me about working with the earth. I recognize that there will be both successes and failures and there are many variables that affect them both.
The quality of the seeds planted has a bearing on how well the plants will grow. But the weather affects that most. It can be too hot, too cold, or exactly right, and usually fluctuates (起伏) between all three. Weeds seem to grow well in the garden and need to be taken care of and pulled to ensure they do not destroy the fruits, vegetables, and flowers we have so lovingly planted.
I take time to stand back and rest, and to observe the plants and how they are growing. Each plant is unique and develops in the way that is best for them. Some have large broad leaves to protect their fruit from the harsh rays of the sun, while other plants are more open, their fruit needing the light to grow and ripen.
Getting my hands dirty, feeling the sweat on my brow, and the strength and flexibility of my body as I dig, bend and work under the warm summer sun, reminds me I am alive in ways I would not have remembered sitting on the couch.
It is very inspiring to move things around, to transplant, and to disturb the natural order of how plants grow. The garden teaches me that it is important to know when to disturb things and when to let them be. The garden’s life cycle follows a pattern that is repeated according to laws of nature, birth, and growth, and then dies and it teaches us to accept this fact.
Perhaps life is like the garden, successes and failures, time to be active and time to rest, to let go of what is no longer needed, to cultivate (培养) what helps us to grow into our light and power, and to embrace life from beginning to end.
10．What affects how well plants grow most?
A．The weather. B．The seeds. C．The soil. D．The weeds.
11．What can be inferred from this text?
A．Weeds grow better than fruits and vegetables.
B．Gardening is rewarding to the author.
C．All plants are unique, but grow in the same way.
D．Gardening is quite time-consuming.
12．Why is the author inspired to work in the garden?
A．He can build up his body.
B．He can get a good harvest by working.
C．Gardening gives him an insight into life.
D．There are successes and failures in gardening.
13．Which of the following will the author probably agree with?
A．No sweet without sweat.
B．As a man sows, so he shall reap.
C．What has been done cannot be undone.
D．Pursue the best, and accept the worst.
【答案】10．A 11．B 12．C 13．D
【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要讲述了作者在花园里劳作，了解到应该遵循自然法则，同时领悟到生活就像花园一样，有成功也有失败，有时间活跃也有时间休息，应该放下不再需要的东西，从头到尾拥抱生活。
10．细节理解题。根据第二段“The quality of the seeds planted has a bearing on how well the plants will grow.(播种的种子质量关系到植物生长的好坏。但是天气影响最大。)”可知，对植物生长影响最大的是天气。故选A项。
11．推理判断题。根据第四段“Getting my hands dirty, feeling the sweat on my brow, and the strength and flexibility of my body as I dig, bend and work under the warm summer sun, reminds me I am alive in ways I would not have remembered sitting on the couch.(当我在温暖的夏日阳光下挖掘、弯腰和工作时，弄脏我的双手，感觉到额头上的汗水和身体的力量和灵活性提醒我，我以一种我不记得的坐在沙发上的方式活着。)”可知，进行园艺作业使得作者身体的力量和灵活性提高，园艺对作者是有益的。故选B项。
12．细节理解题。根据第五段“The garden teaches me that it is important to know when to disturb things and when to let them be.(花园教会我，知道什么时候该打扰，什么时候该放任它们是很重要的。)”可知，园艺工作使得作者对生活有了更深刻的理解。故选C项。
13．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Perhaps life is like the garden, successes and failures, time to be active and time to rest, to let go of what is no longer needed, to cultivate what helps us to grow into our light and power, and to embrace life from beginning to end.(也许生活就像花园，有成功也有失败，有时间活跃也有时间休息，放下不再需要的东西，培养帮助我们成长为光明和力量的东西，从头到尾拥抱生活。)”可知，作者认为生活中，应该像花园一样，遵循自然法则，追求最好的东西，也接受最坏的东西。故选D项。
七选五
（2022·内蒙古包头·二模）What is a “transplant?” In gardening, transplant is the process of planting seeds inside and then moving the new growth, or sprout, outside. Transplanting is easy and often costs less. You get to watch the new growth happen up close. ____19____ A garden expert and writer for the Associated Press, Lee Reich, can give you his advice.
To get started with transplants, you will need a container and soil. ____20____ Fill the containers with a special mix called potting soil and push it down — but not too much.
____21____ Do this by making a small hole into the mix and put in the seeds. Cover the seeds with the potting soil and press gently again. Place the containers in a pan, or any flat, open, and larger container that could hold some water. Put water into the pan until the water reaches halfway up the containers with the seeds. After a few hours, remove them from the water.
Seeds need warmth to germinate. ____22____ A good average temperature for just about all seeds is about 24℃.
Now for the exciting part — waiting to see little, green sprouts! Remove all but the strongest sprout from each container. ____23____ Your goal now is to grow strong transplants that can survive a move to the outside garden.
In four to six weeks, most transplants should be two to three times the height of their containers. They should be strong and ready to be transplanted outside — or almost ready. Now... they are ready to go into the garden!
A．If you are new to this type of gardening, do not worry.
B．You are also an experienced gardener.
C．Then plant seeds, three or four in each container.
D．They are used to their future environment with a week of being outside.
E．The amount of warmth needed is different from plant to plant.
F．The containers should be between 5 to 10 centimeters deep.
G．Just be careful not to hurt the roots of the sprout that remains.
【答案】19．A 20．F 21．C 22．E 23．G
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了植物的移植方法和注意事项。
19．根据上文“What is a “transplant?” In gardening, transplant is the process of planting seeds inside and then moving the new growth, or sprout, outside. Transplanting is easy and often costs less. You get to watch the new growth happen up close.(什么是“移植”？在园艺中，移植是将种子种在室内，然后将新芽移到室外的过程。移植很容易，而且通常成本更低。你可以近距离观察新的增长)”以及后文“A garden expert and writer for the Associated Press, Lee Reich, can give you his advice.(美联社的园艺专家兼作家Lee Reich可以给你他的建议)”可知，后文提到了专家给出移植的建议，推测本句是在说明对移植知识不足的担忧。故A选项“如果你是这种园艺的新手，不要担心”符合语境，故选A。
20．根据上文“To get started with transplants, you will need a container and soil.(要开始移植，你需要一个容器和土壤)”以及后文“Fill the containers with a special mix called potting soil and push it down — but not too much.(用一种叫做盆栽土的特殊混合物填充容器，然后往下推——但不要太多)”可知，本句是关于移植容器的说明，F选项中The containers对应上文中a container。故F选项“容器深度应在5到10厘米之间”符合语境，故选F。
21．根据后文“Do this by making a small hole into the mix and put in the seeds. Cover the seeds with the potting soil and press gently again. Place the containers in a pan, or any flat, open, and larger container that could hold some water. Put water into the pan until the water reaches halfway up the containers with the seeds. After a few hours, remove them from the water.(在混合物中打一个小洞，然后把种子放进去。用盆栽土盖住种子，再轻轻按压。 将容器放在盘状器皿中，或任何可以容纳一些水的扁平、开口、更大的容器中。向盆中倒入水，直到水达到装有种子的容器的一半。几小时后，把它们从水里捞出来)”可知，本段主要是关于种植种子的说明，故C选项“然后种下种子，每个容器三到四粒”符合语境，故选C。
22．根据上文“Seeds need warmth to germinate.(种子需要温暖才能发芽)”以及后文“A good average temperature for just about all seeds is about 24℃.(对所有种子来说，适宜的平均温度是24℃左右)”可知，本段主要是关于种子的温度说明，故E选项“不同植物需要的热量不同”符合语境，故选E。
23．根据上文“Now for the exciting part — waiting to see little, green sprouts! Remove all but the strongest sprout from each container.(现在到了激动人心的部分——等待看到小小的绿色芽！从每个容器中取出除最强壮的芽外的所有芽)”以及后文“Your goal now is to grow strong transplants that can survive a move to the outside garden.(你现在的目标是种植出强壮的移植物，能够在移植物移植到室外后存活)”可知，后文提到目标是种植出强壮的移植物，故推测本句是在说明移植的注意事项，故G选项“只要小心不要伤到剩下的芽的根”符合语境，故选G。