所属成套资源:2022-2023人教版七年级英语上学期期中考点大串讲
专题04 重点语法归纳及专练-2022-2023学年七年级英语上学期期中考点大串讲(人教版)
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这是一份专题04 重点语法归纳及专练-2022-2023学年七年级英语上学期期中考点大串讲(人教版),文件包含专题04重点语法归纳及专练-2022-2023学年七年级英语上学期期中考点大串讲人教版解析版docx、专题04重点语法归纳及专练-2022-2023学年七年级英语上学期期中考点大串讲人教版原卷版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源,其中试卷共38页, 欢迎下载使用。
一、重点语法归纳
(一)
1. 不定冠词a / an 的用法
不定冠词a / an表示微弱的“一”的概念,但并不强调数目,只表示名词为不特定者。
a用在以辅音音素开头的单词或者字母前,an用在以元音因素开头的单词或者字母前,一般来说元音字母发元音,辅音字母发辅音。
—What’s this in English? 这个用英语怎么说?
—It’s an orange. 它是一个橙子。
2.定冠词the的用法
The是定冠词,表示特指的人、物或群体,起作用有时相当于指示代词this, that, these, those,表示“这(个),那(个),这些,那些”。它可以用在名词前,表示特指说话双方的人或者上文中提到的人或者事物。
当堂训练一
一、完成句子
1.我们今天下午有一场英语测试。
We have __________ __________ __________ this afternoon.
2.《哈利·波特》是一本有趣的书。
Harry Potter is ________ ________ book.
3.这是一件橙色的夹克衫。
This is ________ ________ jacket.
4.这是一件白色的外套。
This is ________ ________ ________.
5.这个用英语怎么说?是橙子。
____________ this in English? It’s ____________ orange.
二、多句选词填空
从方框中选择恰当的词,并用其适当形式完成下面句子。
Spell English ruler That orange
6.This is an ________.
7.—What’s this in ________?
—It’s a quilt.
8.—________ it, please.
—P-E-N.
9.________ is a key.
10.It is a ________.
三、用a或an填空
11.It’s ________ pen.
12.It’s ________ apple.
13.—What’s this in English? —It’s ________ orange.
14.—What’s this? —It’s ________ jacket.
15.He is _________ NBA player. (队员).
(二)
代词
第一人称单数
第二人称单数
第三人称单数
第三人称单数
第三人称单数
第一人称复数
第二人称复数
第三人称复数
主格人称代词
I
you
he
she
it
we
you
they
宾格人称代词
me
you
him
her
it
us
you
them
形容词性物主代词
my
your
his
her
its
our
your
their
名词性物主代词
mine
yours
his
hers
its
ours
yours
theirs
1. 人称代词及相对应的形容词性物主代词、be 动词
意思
人称代词
形容词性物主代词
Be动词
我
I
my
am
你
you
your
are
他
he
his
is
她
she
her
is
它
it
its
is
我们
we
our
are
你们
you
your
are
他们
they
their
are
注:主语和宾语的定义。
(1)主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般由名词,代词,数词,不定式等来充当。
例:He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。
Mary is an English girl. 玛丽是一个英国女孩。
(2)宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,能作宾语的有名词,代词,动词不定式等。
例:We like English. 我们喜欢英语。
I like oranges. 我喜欢橘子。
2.形容词性物主代词在句中修饰名词,其后必须加名词,否则为不正确的。
例:My is yellow. (错误)---->My jacket is yellow. (正确)
3.名词性物主代词
(1).英语中的物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词,其中名词性物主代词起名词的作用。
(2). 名词性物主代词在句中独立使用,其后不接名词;名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。
Look at the two pencils. The blue one is yours and the green one is mine.
看这两只铅笔,蓝色的是你的,绿色的是我的。
(3). 名词性物主代词用作主语时,谓语动词的数应随所指者的数而定。
—Is this ruler yours or hers?
—It’s mine. Hers is in her bag.(Hers=her ruler)
—Whose books are these?
—They are his. Yours are over there.(Yours=Your books)
4.指示代词this, that, these, those
①指示代词是表示“这个,那个,这些,那些”的代词,其中this和these是指距离说话人较近的人或者事物;that和those是指离或华人较远的人或者事物。
②指示代词this, that作主语时,连系动词be用单数形式is,同时后面的名词用单数形式。
当these, those作主语时,连系动词be用复数形式are,同时后面的名词用复数形式。③在回答主语是this或that的一般疑问句或特殊疑问句时,在答语中用it代替句中的this或者that。当回答these或those作主语的一般疑问句或特殊疑问句时,在答语中用they代替句中的these或those
④介绍某人时,用this或that,而不用he或she.
⑤打电话时,说自己是谁用This is…问别人是谁用Who’s that?
5.如何将单数句子变为复数
(1)指示代词的变化:this变为these,that变为those
(2)人称的变化:第一人称I变为we,you不发生变化,he / she / it变为they.
I am a teacher.我是一位老师 → We are teachers. 我们是老师。
(3)be动词的变化:am或is变为are。
Is she your sister? 她是你的妹妹吗? → Are they your sisters? 她们是你的妹妹吗?
(4)可数名词的变化: 可数名词的单数形式变为复数形式
名词单数变复数的变化规则:
①一般情况下在词尾加s 如 pen → pens
②以x, s, ch, sh结尾的词加es。如 watch → watches
③以o结尾地词加s或者es。 如 photo→photos , tomato → tomatoes
④以辅音字母加y结尾的单词,变y为i再加es 。如family → families
⑤以f或fe结尾的词,变f或fe为v再加es 。 如knife → knives
当堂训练二
一、单项选择
1.Is grandma at home now? I want to say hello to ________.
A.he B.him C.she D.her
2.—What’s _________ telephone number? —_________ telephone number is 876-0312.
A.his; He B.your; Your C.her; Her
3.—Are those red books ________?
—No, they aren’t. ________ are blue.
A.yours; Mine B.hers; His C.hers; Mine
4.—Where’s my bag?
—________.
A.It’s orange B.It’s a book C.It’s on the chair D.They’re on the chair
5.—Are these your dictionaries?
—________, they’re Kate’s.
A.Yes, they are B.Yes, these are C.No, they aren’t D.No, these aren’t
6.________ is my uncle and ________ are his two sons.
A.This;these B.This;that C.These;that
7.—Is that your brother?
—_________.
A.Yes, he isn’t B.Yes, it isn’t C.No, it isn’t D.No, he isn’t
8.Look! Five ________ and a set of keys ________ on the table.
A.photoes; is B.photos; are C.photos; is D.photoes; are
9.Those ________ my ________.
A.is; dictionarys B.are; dictionarys C.are; dictionaries D.is; dictionaries
10.— ________ you happy today?
— Yes. I make ________ with some new students.
A. Do;friends B.Are;friend C.Does;friend D.Are;friends
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空
11.________ (this) are my grandparents.
12.This isn’t her knife, ________ (she) is green.
13.—Is ________ (his) a student?
—Yes, and ________ book is on the desk. (his)
14.The pencil box is ________ (I).
15.Coldplay is very popular. Do you love _____ (they) music?
16.Are ________ (that) his friends?
17.________ (I) name is Jim. And this is my friend, Tom.
18.Tom is my cousin and I like __________ (he) very much.
19.The socks look very nice. I’ll take ________ (they).
20.That isn’t their classroom. It’s ________ (we) classroom.
三、改写句子
21.The watch is under the bed. (改为复数句)
The ________ ________ under the bed.
22.That is his dictionary. (改为复数句)
________ his ________.
23.He is Alan’s brother.(改为复数句)
__________ Alan’s __________.
24.Is Miss Gao your English teacher?(写出否定回答)
No, _________________________.
25.Are your parents happy?(作否定回答)
No, _________ ________.
26.Is that a dog under the tree?(作肯定回答)
________, ________is.
27.What’s your number? (写出答语)
________ ________ 942385.
28.Are those Mary’s pencils? (作肯定回答)
________, ________ ________.
(三)
1.be动词用法
(1)be动词(am, is, are)这三个动词常用做连系动词,在句子中起连接主语和表语的作用。
This is my mother. 这是我的妈妈。
I am nine. 我九岁了。
You are my good friend. 你是我的好朋友。
(2)be动词三种形式的使用主要取决于主语。主语是第一人称I(我)时,用am,主语是第二人称you(你,你们)或名词及代词的复数时,用are,主语是第三人称单数it / he / she(它/他/她)或名词及代词单数时,用is.
(3)am , is, are的意思是“是”,但不能处处翻译成“是”。例,How are you? 你好吗?
2.含be动词的一般疑问句
①将含有be动词的陈述句转换一般疑问句
将be动词(am, is, are)提到句首(首字母要大写),如果原句中的主语是第一人称要变为第二人称,句末加问号。
例:I am Zhang Yang → Are you Zhang Yang?
That is my bike → Is that your bike?
②含有be动词的一般疑问句的肯定回答与否定回答
肯定回答:Yes,主语+be
否定回答:No, 主语+be
例:—Is this your pen?
—Yes, it is / No, it isn’t.
当堂训练三
一、单项选择
1.— ________ Lucy from America?
— No, she ________come from America. She is English.
A.Does; doesn’t B.Is; isn’t C.Does; isn’t D.Is; doesn’t
2.— ________ your mother busy this weekend?
— Yes. She has a lot of housework to do. And I will help her with the housework.
A.Does B.Are C.Do D.Is
3.—________ Ann in Class 3?
—Yes, she is.
A.Does B.Do C.Is D.Are
4.—Where ____________ Frank come from?
—He ____________ from the United States.
A.is; is B.does; come
C.does; is D.is; comes
5.——Excuse me! ______ you Mr. Green?
——Yes. My name _____ Jack Green.
A. Are; am B.Is; am C.Is; are D.Are; is
二、改写句子
6.The zoo is behind the park. (对画线部分提问)
________ ________ the zoo?
7.My last name is Green (对画线部分提问)
________ ________ last name?
8.The flowers are on the table.(对画线部分提问)
________ ________ the flowers?
9.What does your father do? (改为同义句)
_________ your father’s ________?
10.Are you talking on the phone now?(作否定回答)
____, ________.
(四)
一、 where引导的疑问句
1、 询问某人来自哪里或是哪里人?Where is/are +主语+from?或Where do/does+主语+come from?主语若是物,那么句意为“此物产于何地?”
2、 如何询问某人住在哪里:Where does/do+主语+live?eg:Where does he live?He lives in Ningbo.
对地点提问用where.
由where引导的特殊疑问句意在询问人或者物品所在的位置,句式“where +be+名词”,注意where后的be动词用is还是用are,取决于be动词后面的名词时单数还是复数。答语句式:It is +介词短语 (对应的问句为where is);They are+介词短语(对应的问句为where are)或者直接用介词短语回答,省略it is或they are。
例:1.—Where is my eraser? —It’s on the desk. / On the desk.
2.—Where are the keys? —They are under the bed. / Under the bed.
二、介词的用法:(4) 表示方位的介词:on, in, behind, between, under等。
on在……上面(紧贴着某物,有面的接触)in 在……里面;behind在……后面;between在……之间,常于and连用;under在……的下面。
in表示“在…内部”的意思,eg:What is in the box?
On表示“在某物的上面”,但两者互相接触。Eg My books are on that desk.
Under表示“在某物垂直的正下方”,两者之间不接触。Eg My cat is under my chair.
当堂训练四
一、单项选择
1.—Where’s my bag?
—________.
A.It’s red B.Yes, it is C.It’s on the chair D.It’s very nice
2.—Where do you live ________, Jack?
—I live ________ the end of the Jiefang Road.
A.in; in B.in; at C./; at
3.—Tom, where are my books?
— ________
A.Yes, they are. B.I know it. C.Sorry, I don’t know. D.No, they aren’t.
4.The Wuhan Changjiang Bridge is the first bridge __________ the Yangtze River.
A.in B.on C.across D.around
5.—Where is your brother?
—He is ________ the room.
A.for B.under C.in D.on
6.The English book is ________ the desk ________ the computer room.
A.on; under B.under; in C.under; on D.in; under
二、改写句子
7.Where are you from? (同义句转换)
Where ________ you ________ ________?
8.The teacher’s book is on the pencil box.(改为同义句)
The pencil box is ________ the teacher’s book.
9.Where is my ruler?(改为复数句)
Where ________ ________ ________?
(五)
have的一般现在时
have意为“有”,表示所属关系,有人称和数的变化,其主语一般是人,有时也可以是物;has为have的第三人称单数形式,用于不可数名词、可数名词或第三人称单数代词作主语的句子中。
1、 人称和数的变化,第一、二人称单复数或第三人称复数代词作主语的句子中I、We,you,they后面是have;he、she、it后面是has
Eg: I have a bag.
Eg:She has a ruler.
2、 改否定句:借助助动词do或does,即don’t have或doesn’t have
否定句式:主语+don’t / doesn’t +have…
I don’t have an eraser. 我没有橡皮。
He doesn’t have an eraser.
3、 一般疑问句:句首借助助动词do或does,谓语动词一律用have,句尾加问号构成。在句首加助动词do或does,除第三人称单数用does外,其余都用do.
回答时,肯定:Yes,主语+do/does. 否定:No,主语+don’t/doesn’t.
Do you have a baseball bat? Yes,I do. No,I don’t.
Does he have a basketball? Yes,he does. No,he doesn’t.
当堂训练五
一、单项选择
1.—Have you got any juice?
—_______.
A.Yes, I do B.There is some juice C.No, I haven’t
2.– Has she got a new schoolbag?
– ______. She still uses her old one.
A.Yes, she has B.No. she hasn’t C.Yes, she does D.No. she doesn’t
3.—Have you got any fruit, Helen?
—_________.
A.Yes, I am B.No, I don’t C.Yes, I have D.No, I hasn’t
二、据句意用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
1. She ______ (have) a CD player. It’s on the table.
2. Lin Tao______(not have)a clock.
3. —Do they have a volleyball?
—No, they ________(not).
三、句型转换。
1.Tom has got a potato.(改为一般疑问句,并作肯定回答)
—________
—________
2.My father has got a car. (改为否定句)
My father __________ __________ a car.
(六)
一、名词的分类:名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词
名词分为普通名词和专有名词。
普通名词又可分为下面四类:
1、 个体名词:表示某类人或东西中的个体。例如:book 书 apple 苹果
2、 集体名词:表示若干个体组成的集合体。例如:family 家庭 people 人
3、 物质名词:表示无法分为个体的物质。 例如:water 水 air 空气
4、 抽象名词:表示动作、状态、品质、感情等。例如:work 工作 happiness 幸福
其中个体名词和集体名词都是可数名词,物质名词和抽象名词都是不可数名词。有些名词既是可数名词,又是不可数名词,但意义不同。如:表示动物类的名词,表示动物时可数,表示餐座上的肉时不可数,如fish,chicken。
二、名词复数的规则变化:
1、直接在末尾加s,例如:books,bags 清辅音念s,浊辅音念z。
2、以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词,在词尾加es。例如:Classes watches
3、以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词,在词尾加s。
4、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,将y变成i再加es。
5、以f或fe 结尾的,去掉f或fe加ves。
6、以o结尾的,特殊的四个后面加es,其余加s。特殊四个单词为:hero,Negro,potato,tomato.
拓展 名词的不规则变化:
1、child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice man---men woman---women
注意:与 man 和 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。
如: an Englishman,two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans; Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。
2、单复同形 如: deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese,yuan
除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑等都有复数形式;如: a dollar, two dollars; a pound,two pounds;
3、集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。
如: people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说 a person,a policeman,a head of cattle。
4、 表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes
若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair(对,双); suit(套) a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers
三、不可数名词:不可数名词没有复数形式,不能直接用数词来表示数量,如果要表示数量,必须借助其他词来完成。用“计量单位词+of短语”表示,其数量也应该通过of前面的名词来体现出来。
a glass of water 一杯水 two glasses of water 两杯水
a cup of tea 一杯茶 two cups of tea 两杯茶
a piece of bread 一片面包 two pieces of bread两片面包
还有一类词既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词,
如:orange(橘子汁,不可数)→ oranges(橘子,可数)
chicken(鸡肉,不可数)→chickens(小鸡,可数)
当堂训练六
一、单项选择
1.There ________ a book and two cups of ________ on the table.
A.is; coffee B.are; coffees C.is; coffees D.are; coffee
2.—What would you like?
—I’d like ________.
A.two bottles of oranges B.two baskets of orange
C.two bottle of orange juice D.two bottles of orange juice
3.—What’s in the fridge?
—A few ________, but little ________.
A.apple; milk B.milk; apples
C.oranges; orange D.oranges; oranges
4.—What do the ________ do?
—They’re doctors.
A.woman B.women C.man D.womans
5.There are lots of ________ on the farm.
A.sheep B.chicken C.horse D.meat
6.— Are your brothers students?
— No, they aren’t. They are ________.
A.policeman B.policewoman
C.policemen D.policewomen
7.Here are my ________.
A.pen B.jacket C.photoes D.oranges
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空
8.Where are my ________ (key)? I can’t find them.
9.What color are these ________ (box)?
10.These two ________ (man) are Jim’s teachers.
11.The Greens have two ________ (child).
12.There is too ________ (many) water on the ground.
13.It’s very hot today. I want some cool ________ (juice).
三、句型转换
仔细阅读下面五个句子,按要求改写句子。
14.That shirt is white.(对划线部分提问)
________ ________ is that shirt?
15.My pen is in my pencil box.(对划线部分提问)
____________ _________ pen ?
16.This book is mine.(变为同义句)
This is ________ ________.
17.There is a box on the desk.(变为复数形式).
There______some________on the desk.
18.Are those her keys?(做否定回答)
________ ,they________ .
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