高考英语定语从句专项复习课件

这是一份高考英语定语从句专项复习课件，共52页。PPT课件主要包含了when，和同样的，定语从句，状语从句，不是同一本，同一本书，where，whichthat，stood ，to whom等内容，欢迎下载使用。

＊定义＊关系代词、关系副词的用法＊限制性定语从句VS非限制性定语从句＊ as引导的定语从句＊常见考点＊解题步骤＊巩固练习
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句;相当于名词和形容词的作用。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 连接先行词和从句的词叫做关系代词或关系副词
eg: D yu knw the man wh spke at the meeting just nw? That is the huse where he lived ten years ag.
关系代词和关系副词的作用1、引导作用 2、替代作用 3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用
eg 1 Thse wh want t g please sign yur names here. 2 This is the huse where he was brn. 3 Bill, wh was here yesterday, asked me a lt f questins.
关系代词（wh, whm, which, that, whse）的指代关系
在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指物时，关系词可用which或that，二者常可以互换；但在下列情况中，只能用that，不用which：
(1) 当先行词是不定代词all, a lt, few, much, nne, anything, nthing等或被不定代词all, any, n, much, little, few, every所修饰时。 All that can be dne has been dne. 　We heard clearly every wrd that he said.
(2) 当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时。 　The first thing that shuld be dne is t get the tickets. (3) 当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰时 　Is that the best that yu can d? (4) 当先行词被 the very, the nly, the next, the last等所修饰时。 This is the very bk that I want t find.
(5) 当先行词既指人又指物时 　She described in her cmpsitins the peple and places that impressed her mst. (6) 当主句是以which/wh开头的特殊疑问句时　Which is the car that killed the by? Wh is the girl that is talking there?(7) 在there be 句型结构中 There is still a pint that I can’t understand.(8) 定语从句中缺少表语时 China is nt the cuntry that it used t be.
在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指人时，关系词可用wh(m)或that，二者常可互换。 但在下列情况中，用wh(m)，而不用that：
(1) 当先行词是ne, nes, any, few, anyne, anybdy, smene, smebdy, everyne, everybdy 等词时 He was amng the few wh managed t live thrugh the enemy prisn camp. 注：在非正式文体中可以说： Yu’re the ne that knws where t g.
(2) 当先行词是he, they, thse, peple, persn等词时　He wh wants t catch fish just nt mind getting wet. 注：在固定结构的谚语或习语中，可用he that… He that prmises t much means nthing. (3) 当先行词有较长的后置定语修饰时。 D yu knw the writer in blue with thick glasses wh is speaking at the meeting?
(4) 在分隔式定语从句中，若先行词指人，为了明确修饰关系，应当用wh(m)。如： 　A new master will cme tmrrw wh will teach yu German. 　I was the nly persn in my ffice wh was invited. (5) 两个定语从句同时修饰一个指人的先行词，第二个定语从句常用wh(m)来引导，如： 　She is the nly girl (that) I knw wh can play the guitar.
关系副词when, where, why的用法关系副词一般都等于一个适当的介词＋which，在从句中作状语。when= in/at/n/during…+which where= in/at/n/…+which why=fr +which1 D yu still remember the day _____ we went t visit the museum tgether?2 This is the factry ________________ my father nce wrked.3 This is the reasn _______________ he was late.
where / in which
why / fr which
(1)限制性定语从句说明先行词的情况，对先行词起限定作用，与先行词关系十分密切，不可用逗号隔开，也不可省略，否则全句意义就不完整。　　 This is the telegram which he refers t. Is there anything (that) I can d fr yu?
(2)非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作补充说明，没有限定作用，它与先行词的关系比较松散，因而不是关键性的，如果省略，原句的意义仍然完整。这种从句在朗读时要有停顿，在文字中通常用逗号与主句隔开。　This nte was left by Tm, wh was here a mment ag.
(3)两种定语从句的内涵不同，限制性定语从句具有涉他性，而非限制性定语从句具有唯一性，这在理解和翻译时应特别注意。　　 His brther, wh is eighteen years ld, is a PLA man. （只有一个） His brther wh is a PLA man is eighteen years ld. （不止一个）
引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有：wh, whm, whse, which, as, when 和 where不可以用that和why 另外，非限制性定语从句从意义上讲，相当于一个并列句，在口语中使用并不普遍，在日常生活中，人们通常用并列句或简单句来表达。　I tld the stry t Jhn, wh later did it t his brther. 　= I tld the stry t Jhn, and he later tld it t his brther.
关系代词as可以引导限制性和非限制性定语从句，as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式：such+名词+as…s+形容词+名词+as…the same+名词+as…
像…一样的，像…之类的
1 Such peple as yu describe are rare nwadays.2 Let’s discuss nly such questins as cncern every ne f us.3 Wuld yu please buy me the same nvel as yu bught fr brther yesterday, Mum?4 As we all knw, Jhn is an hnest man.5 This is s difficult a prblem as nbdy in my class can wrk ut.
This is such a difficult prblem as nbdy in my class can wrk ut.This is such a difficult prblem that nbdy in my class can wrk it ut.This is s difficult a prblem that nbdy in my class can wrk it ut.
Yur dictinary is the same ne as I bught the ther day.The dictinary is the same ne that I lent yu.
考点1 关系代词和关系副词的选用
在选择引导词时，重要的是分析一下定语从句的成分，若从句缺主语、宾语、表语，必须用关系代词若从句中不缺主语、宾语或表语，必须用关系副词
a This is the place ______________ he wrks. This is the place __________ we visited last year.b That was the time _____ he arrived. D yu still remember the days _________ we spent tgether?c This is the reasn _____________ he went. The reasn __________ he gave us was quite reasnable.d His father wrks in a factry _____ radi parts are made. His father wrks in a factry _________ makes radi parts.
(which/that)
考点2 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
【1】当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词 只能用which / whm / whse In the dark street, there wasn’t a single persn t whm she culd turn fr help. Recently I bught an vase, the price f which was very reasnable. Mr Smith, in whse department she wrked, came t see her.
【2】“复合介词短语+关系代词” 这种结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用都逗号分开，从句常用倒装语序 He lived in a big huse, in frnt f which ___________________(耸立一棵大树).
【3】介词+which / whm+不定式结构 The pr man has n huse in which t live.= The pr man has n huse t live in.= The pr man has n huse in which he can live.
a big tall tree
1. D yu knw the by ___ _____ yur mther is talking?2. I still remember the day ___ ____ I first gt t Paris.3. He gave me sme nvels _____ ______ I am nt very familiar.
This is the child wh/ whm/ that I will lk after.
5. 译：这是我要照顾的小孩。
4. He gave me sme nvels _____ ______ I am nt very familiar with.
which / that / 不填
7. (06浙江) I was given three bks n cking, the first ______ I really enjyed. A. f that B. f which C. that D. which
6. I recgnized the bss in cmpany my sister was wrking.
3. ______ is knwn t all, he is the best student.4. Jim passed the driving test, _____ surprised everybdy in the ffice.
as\that\which1. It is such a big stne _____ nbdy can lift.2. It is such a big stne _____ nbdy can lift it.
归纳：as引导限制性定语从句先行词前常被such, the same, s, as 修饰，即构成such…as , the same …as, s…as, 结构，做题时容易忽略。as在定语从句中应充当成分：主语、宾语或表语。as 与which引导非限制性定语从句都能指代整句内容，但定语从句位于句首时，只能用 as, 意为“正如、恰如”。
★ as多用于一些习惯用语中：as anybdy can see 正如人人都能看到的那样as is well knwn = as is knwn t all 众所周知as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样as ften happens 正如经常发生的那样as has been said befre 如上所述as is mentined abve 正如上面提到的
当主句中出现such 或s 时,看后面从句
(1)缺主语或宾语,从句前用as
(2)不缺主语和宾语,从句前用that
当主句中出现the same时, 后面从句缺主语或宾语时与as搭配表同一类事物,与that搭配表同一个事物
在正式文体中，通常以in which或 that 引导，　　The way in which yu answered the questins was admirable. 但在非正式文体中，人们通常省略in which或 that The way (in which) he spke t us was suspicius. I dn’t like the way (that) yu laugh at her.
考点4 the way为先行词
The way __ yu thught f t slve the prblem is wnderful.A which B in which C whm D whseI dn’t like ___ yu learn English.A the way B the way in thatC the way which D the way f which
1. I’ve cme t the pint where I can’t stand him.2. The cuntry is in the situatin where a war will break ut at any time.
我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。
国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。
where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是 表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。
考点5一些特殊词之后的where
解析：如果定语从句分别修饰pint, situatin, part, cnditin和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中” 。
1.We are trying t reach a pint ____ bth sides will sit dwn tgether and talk. （06山东） A. which B. that C. where D. when2. ---D yu have anything t say fr yurself? ---Yes, there’s ne pint ____ we must insist n . （06江西） A. why B. where C. hw D. /
做题要灵活：要分析句子成分，选择恰当的关系词。
1. We feed children _____are hungry. A whm we think B wh we think C we think wh D we think whm2. He made anther wnderful discvery, ____ f great imprtance t science. A which I think is B which I think it is C which I think it D I think which it is
考点7 定语从句中的主谓一致
1 I, wh ___ yur husband, shuld be respnsible fr yu. (be)2 He is ne f the students wh ____ been t America. He is the (nly) ne f the students wh ____ been t America. (have)3 T wn a cmputer in families, which we thught____ impssible 20 years ag, nw becmes true. (be)
考点8 what 与 定语从句引导词which/that
1 Finally, the thief handed everything __ he had stlen t the plice. A which B what C whatever D that2 He came late again, ___ made his teacher very angry. _____ made the teacher angry was that he came late again. _____ made the teacher angry that he came late again. A it B what C which
1 I’ll d everything all /everything I can ___ yu. A help B t help2 They spent as much time as they culd_____ n the prject. A wrk B wrking3 After a heated discussin, they agreed n the way I thught f ___ the prblem. A slve B slving C t slve4 The letter I’m lking frward t ___ this mrning. A arrived B arriving C arrive The thery they stuck t____ right. A prving B prved C was prved
考点9 与定语从句有关的句子
5 He ften speaks f the truble he ____ helping the rphan. He ften speaks f the truble he ______ t help the rphan. A had B funded C taken D tk6. With everything she needed _____ , she went hme. A buy B t buy C bught
8 There are 55 students in their class, mst f ________ are bys.9 There are 55 students in their class, mst f them ________ bys. 10 There are 55 students in their class _______ mst f them are bys.
where\that1.This is the library_____I brrwed the is frm this library____I brrwed the bk.
3. ---Where did yu last see Mr. Smith? ---It was in the htel____ I lived. A. that B. which C. where D. when
近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句、名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多，这就要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力。
1. We all have heard the news_____ ur team wn.2. We dn’t believe in the news _________ he tld us yesterday.
(that/which)
The place ____ the bridge is suppsed t be built shuld be_____ the crss-river traffic is the heaviest. （05 江苏） A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which
＊不能无先行词＊找准先行词＊看成分判断关系词（主要看在从句中充当什么成分）
1. We shuld g t the place_____ we are mst needed.2. We shuld g t the place_____ needs us mst. A. it B. where C. that D. what
1. It was Octber_____we met in Damia fr the first time. 2. It was in Octber_____we met in Damia fr the first time. A. that B. which C. when D. while
1. He is such a gd teacher_____ we all like him. 2. He is such a gd teacher_____ we all like. A. whm B. that C. as D. which
1 He ften helps the students _____ he thinks are nt quick at their studies. A whm B wh   C when D because 2 This is Mr. Smith, __ I think has smething interesting t tell us. A wh B whm C that D / 3 I will hire the man _____ they say is a gd English speaker. A wh B that C which D whm
1 Is this the museum _____ yu visited the ther day? A. that B. where   C. in which   D. the ne 2 Is this museum _____ sme German friends visited last Wednesday? A. that B. where   C. in which   D. the ne 3 ---Hw d yu like the bk? ---It’s quite different frm ____ I read last mnth. A. that B. which   C. the ne D. the ne what
The news came____ the British Queen’s mther celebrated her 101th birthday in gd health, ___ isn’t surprising, because she lives an easy life and gets the best medical care. A. that; which B. which; which C. that; that D. when; as