高考英语概要写作课件

这是一份高考英语概要写作课件，共25页。PPT课件主要包含了 真题探讨与应用，讲座目录，主位结构， 主位和述位， 主位推进模式， 主位推进分析等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Inner Cherence
1. Scientists study cean currents in A way.2. Curtis studies cean currents in B way(His research).3. The “way”(His research) starts frm an experiment with shes which fell frm a shipping accident.4. The “way” was carried ut by cllecting useful data and using them t mdel cean currents.5. The “way” made Curtis famus in the field f cean currents and cntributed t the frmatin f an assciatin.Idea/Way: intrduced——frmed/started——applied/carried ut——recgnized/accepted.
A Student Versin
1. Ebbesmeyer studies cean currents by studying mvements f randm flating garbage. 2. He fund he culd learn a lt abut the patterns f cean currents accrding t when and where the shes went t the water and tracked back. 3. T achieve the gal, he asked a lt f beachcmbers he gt t knw fr their help f cllecting useful data. 4. As a result, he has becme famus fr what he did t study cean currents.
一、主位结构1. 主位和述位2. 主位推进模式3. 4种主位推进类型二、主位推进模式与语篇分析1. Alaska 是如何成为美国的领土2. 主位推进分析三、 主位推进模式与语篇分析1. Pints and Cnnectins（新概念英语2）2. 主位推进分析3. 两个概要段落对比四、 真题探讨与应用（概要写作）
语言的三大功能：概念功能、人际功能和语篇功能主位结构是语篇功能三大系统之一,它在语篇的生成和理解中起着重要作用,是语篇发展方法的体现。通过对主位结构的分析,可以明确句子所要传递的信息,而主位推进模式又可以帮助读者了解作者的行文思路和意图,把握全文的主要信息（message）。
The theme is the starting pint fr the message. It is the grund frm which the clause is taking ff. The remainder f the message, the part in which the theme is develped, is called the Rheme.当人们说话时,总是按照某些词语在交际中所体现的功能来确定哪些话先说,哪些话后说。先说的是主位,是说话的出发点,是说话人要强调的部分;主位之后围绕主位展开的部分是述位。
每一个句子都有自己的主位和述位。当句子单独存在时,它的主位是已确定的,不再变化的。同时,因为没有上下文,它的主位和述位又是孤立的,没有发展的。但是当我们接触语篇时,就会发现,绝大多数语篇都是由两个或两个以上句子构成的。这时侯,前后句子的主位和主位之间,述位和述位之间,主位和述位之间就会按照一定的规律不断联系变化。这种动态的变化发展体现了语篇的信息流程:已知信息引发新信息,新的信息又不断地成为已知信息,并以此为出发点,再触发另一个新信息。随着各句主位的向前推进,整个语篇逐渐展开,直至形成一个能表达某一完整意义的整体。这种联系和变化被称为主位推进模式。
3. 4种主位推进类型
主位同一型（主位相同，述位不同）Tw beggars (T1) had been hiding (R1).They (T2=T1) saw the mney (R2).They (T3=T1) stpped Paul t talk t him. (R3)述位同一型（主位不同，述位相同）The children (T1) cried (R1).Then their mther (T2) cried, t. (R2)延续型（前句述位成为后一句主位）Our schl (T1) is a big garden (R1).In the garden (T2) grw many flwers (R2).交叉型（前句主位是后句述位）The film (T1) was gd (R1).I (T2) liked it very much (R2).
二、主位推进模式与语篇分析
(1)Alaska, which is ne f the fifty states f the United States used t belng t Russia. (2)The Russians, wh established the first settlement in Alaska in 1784, stayed there until the 1850's when they lst interest in the erea. (3)After they fught the Crimean War(1853-56),the Russians were eager t sell Alaska.(4)William H. Sewaid, wh was then US Secretary f State, agreed t buy the land fr $ 7.2 millin which was abut 5 cent per hectare. (5)Many Americans ppsed the purchase, because they cnsidered the vast piece f land f n value. (6)They called Alaska such names as Seward's Flly and Seward's Ice Bx. (7) It did nt becme a US territry until 1912. (8)It was in 1959 when a prclamatin was issued declaring Alaska the 49th state f the
1. Alaska 是如何成为美国的领土
T1-R1T2 (=R1) - R2 延续型 （解释关系）T3 (=R2) - R3 延续型 （扩展关系）T4 - R4 （新话题）T5 - R5 （T4和T5，个体与全体的关系）T6 (=T5) - R6 同一型 （等值关系）T7 (=T1) - R7 同一型 （等值关系）T8 (=R7) - R8 延续型（ T8是T1时间的交代）
三、 主位推进模式与语篇分析
1. Pints and Cnnectins
Nw that 1 Frmer headmaster, Mr. Page, retiring After twenty-eight years as2 Pupils _ gift nt nly and with3 Album_ signature but als4 Attending farewell dinner in hnr After having5 Cmpleted frty years as teacher f a man wh6 Devte _gardening Nw which fr him7 New hbby Thugh but8 Never t ld because
3. 两个概要段落对比
T1-R1T2 (=R1) - R2 延续型 T3 (=T2) - R3 同一型 T4 (=T1) - R4 同一型 T5 (=R4) - R5 延续型 T6 - R6 同一型 （新话题）
Pssible Versin
Multitasking is accepted as a beneficial skill by mst peple. Hwever, the situatin f yung peple shws that it has several negative effects. First, a lt f time and effrt are wasted as they multitask. Secnd, the relatinship between family members is nt as clse as befre. Third, multitasking des bad t their perfrmance at university and in the wrkplace. Their study skills shuld be imprved and speciall skills need t be taught again.
The researchers wh study the develpment f intelligence in the animal wrld fund that an animal with a high level f intelligence is aware f itself. They tested awareness by studying whether the animal recgnizes itself in the mirrr. Only humans and sme intelligent animals like apes and dlphins can pass the test. But nw an Asian elephant als has passed the mirrr self-reflectin test. The researchs can talk abut the intelligence f elephants in a better way.
Experts discuss whether we shuld cntact ETs. Sme experts have warned against making first cntact with aliens, because it culd prve a “mistake”and mean the end f the human race if the aliens turn ut t be unfriendly. Hwever, thers have argued that we shuld sent ut messages t ETs rather than just listening; and if nt, we might miss ur chance t cntact ETs.