高中英语独立主格结构课件

这是一份高中英语独立主格结构课件，共26页。PPT课件主要包含了Proverbs，Exercises，Examples，Structure，独立主格结构的构成，独立主格结构的特点，独立主格结构等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1. N man can d tw things at nce.2. N man is wise at all time.3. N man is cntent .4. N news is gd news.
A man cannt spin and reel at the same time.
1.The children went hme frm the grammar schl, their lessns ______ fr the day.(07重庆）
A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished
2.The meeting ______ver, we all left the rm and drve hme.（上海）
A. isB. t be C. being D. wuld be
3.There _______n bus, we had t walk hme.A. being     B. t be      C. was        D. been
Sentences Appreciatin
1.He lay at full length upn his stmach ，his head resting upn his left frearm．他的脊背朝天，四肢伸展，头枕着左臂，直挺挺地趴伏着。2.The cward was backing ，his face being deathly pale，tward anther rm．那个胆小鬼向另一个房间退去，脸色煞白。
He lay at full length upn his stmach . His head rested upn his left frearm.
The cward was backing tward anther rm ．His face was deathly pale.
The wrk dne ,we went hme. 工作完成后，我们就回家了。
Weather permitting , they will g n an uting t the beach tmrrw. 如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。
After the wrk had been dne, we went hme.
If weather permits, they will g n an uting t the beach tmrrw.
There being n taxis, we had t walk. 没有出租车，我们只好步行。
He was lying n the grass, his hands crssed under his head.他躺在草地上，两手交叉枕在脑后。
We redubled ur effrts, each man wrking like tw. 我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的活。
功能：独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，多用于书面语，其作用相当于一个状语从句或并列句，常用来表示谓语动词的时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。在口语和非正式文体中，一般用从句或两个句子来代替。 Attentin!! 独立主格结构 1. 表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首； 2. 表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末;
Cnclusin 独立主格结构的功能
1.The meeting ver，we left the rm．2.He returned hme，his face pale． 3.Time permitting，we’ll visit the Summer Palace．4.There being n bus, I have t walk hme.
名词/主格代词与现在分词之间是主谓关系The girl staring at him (= As the girl stared at him), he didn’t knw what t say. 姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。
名词/主格代词与过去分词之间是动宾关系。The prblems slved (= As the prblems were slved), the quality has been imprved. 随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。
名词/主格代词与不定式之间是将来的或具体的动作。They said gd-bye t each ther, ne t g hme, the ther t g t the bkstre. 他们道别后，一个回了家，一个去了书店。
名词/主格代词+形容词
An air accident happened t the plane, nbdy alive. 那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。
The meeting ver, they all went hme. 会议一结束，他们就都回家了
名词/主格代词+介词短语
The by went t the classrm, bk in hand. 那男孩手里拿着书去教室。
在这个结构中，如果逻辑主语与介词短语中的名词都是单数名词，在这些名词前习惯上不用冠词。但注意比较： He std under a tree, hand in pcket. He std under a tree, with a hand in his pcket.
with a bk in his hand
I received many gifts, many f them bks.我收到很多礼物，其中很多是书。
There being +名词（代词）
There being n further business, I declare the meeting clsed. 没有再要讨论的事了，我宣布散会。
It being +名词（代词）
It being Christmas, the gvernment ffices were clsed. 由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息。
There being +名词（代词）It being +名词（代词）
（一）构成----独立主格（名词或代词）后接 ding, dne, t d，形容词，副词，介词短语或名词构成。即：
名词/主格代词+现在分词名词/主格代词+过去分词名词/主格代词+不定式名词/主格代词+形容词名词/主格代词+副词名词/主格代词+介词短语名词/主格代词+名词
1.独立主格结构是一种结构，不是一个句子，不需要用谓语动词。2.独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它有自己逻辑上的主语，表达相对独立的意思，它独立存在。3.独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开。4.在句中只作状语，并可对主句进行补充说明。5.名词或代词与后面的分词构成一定的关系： 如与现在分词（ding)构成主谓关系或与过去分词(dne)构成动宾关系等。
考试结束了，我们开始放假。 When the test was finished, we began ur hliday　　 The test finished, we began ur hliday.在向导的带领下，我们轻松地走出了森林。 Because the guide led the way, we had n truble getting ut f the frest.　　 The guide leading the way, We had n truble getting ut f the frest
1.(由向导带路),we set ff n ft int the dark night. 2.(有那么多书要读) , I can’t kill time by playing cards． 3. At the gate std a PLA man,（手里握着枪）． 4.（做完家庭作业），he went t bed． 5.（由于是星期天）， we decided t g hme.
The hmewrk dne / finished （With his hmewrk dne / finished）
It being Sunday
The guide leading the way (With the guide leading the way)
With s many bks t read
gun in hand （with a gun in his hand）
with复合结构 与 独立主格结构
它们都可以在句中作原因状语、条件状语、时间状语、伴随状况等使用，一般也可以相互转换：
with复合结构的构成是： with+名词/代词+分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语等独立主格结构的构成是： 名词/主格代词+分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语等
with复合结构可以作后置定语修饰名词，而独立主格结构则不可作后置定语修饰名词.
Sn she arrived at a park with grass green and flwers in blssm.
= Sn she arrived at a park whse grass was green and whse flwers were in blssm.
With winter cming n, the trees turn yellw and sme birds fly suth.
=Winter cming n, the trees turn yellw and sme birds fly suth.
With the weather terribly cld, we entered the rm t warm urselves.
=The weather terribly cld, we entered the rm t warm urselves.
With time permitting, we’ll visit the Summer Palace.
=Time permitting, we’ll visit the Summer Palace.
The mther was cleaning the huse with her baby playing n the bed.
=The mther was cleaning the huse, her baby playing n the bed.
无论with复合结构还是独立主格结构，都不可有动词的谓语形式充当其中的逻辑谓语。如下例中的was就必须去掉：
He sat at the desk with a pen was in his right hand.
Attentin!!
独立主格结构中的 being和 having been常可以省略。
All the windws (being) pen, the air in the rm is fresher.所有的窗户都开着，屋子里的空气更加新鲜了。
All the tickets (having been) sld ut, we had t wait fr the next week’s shw.所有的票都卖出去了，我们只好等下周的演出。
The listeners having taken their seats, the cncert began.听众坐好后，音乐会开始了。
Tm having been late ver and ver, his bss was very disappinted.Tm总是迟到，他的老板很失望。
独立主格结构的主语没有所有格形式。
The chief deitr arriving, we began the meeting.主编来了，我们开始开会。
独立主格结构中，当表人体部位的词作逻辑主语时，不及物动词用现在分词，及物动词用过去分词。
He lay there, his teeth set, his fists clenched,his eyes lking straight up.他躺在那里，牙关紧闭，双拳紧握，两眼直视上方。
英语中还有一些相对独立成分的短语。
有些分词短语可以独立存在，在句子中没有逻辑主语，作为习惯用语。常见的有：
generally/frankly/strictly/hnestly speaking 一般/坦率/严格/老实说talking f / speaking f 谈到/说到judging frm 由来判断allwing fr / cnsidering that 考虑到
有些固定短语是带t的不定式，表明说话人的立场和态度，在句中作独立成分，常见的有：
t be hnest/frank 老实说t be sure 确实t tell yu the truth 说实话t cut a lng stry shrt 长话短说t make matter/things wrse更糟糕的是
独立主格结构是由名词或代词后接ding, dne, t d,形容词、副词，介词短语或名词构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子，在句中常做状语。 独立主格结构的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。 独立主格结构与主句不发生句法上的联系 。 切记：独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
The Abslute Structure