2018年高考英语江苏专版二轮专题复习三维训练：英语知识运用组合试卷Word版含答案

这是一份2018年高考英语江苏专版二轮专题复习三维训练：英语知识运用组合试卷Word版含答案，共40页。
英语知识运用组合练(一)
(限时35分钟)
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2017·江苏省高三六校联考)Nonetheless, I hope that our combined efforts help bring about positive change to rules and regulations that govern our online ________.
A．deeds B．manners
C．conduct D．attitude
解析：选C　考查名词辨析。句意：然而，我希望我们的共同努力会有助于给规范我们在线行为方面的规章制度带来一些积极的变化。conduct“行为，表现”，符合句意。
2．(2017·江苏省四星级学校4月联考)Compared with the long­standing friendship between the two countries, their boundary dispute is only a ________ issue.
A．sensitive B．controversial
C．political D．temporary
解析：选D　考查形容词辨析。句意：与两国长期存在的友谊相比，它们的边界争端只是一个暂时性的问题。根据句意及“long­standing”可知， temporary“暂时的”，符合语境。sensitive“敏感的”；controversial“有争议的”；political“政治的”。
3．(2017·江苏省高考名校联考)Michael Jordan is a super star in China for the older generation ________ the younger generation who think Kobe is number one.
A．aside from B．but for
C．on top of D．in contrast to
解析：选D　考查介词短语辨析。句意：迈克尔·乔丹对于中国老一代人来说是超级巨星，相比之下，年轻一些的人认为科比是一号球星。in contrast to“与……相比之下”，符合句意。aside from“除此以外”；but for“若非，要不是”；on top of“除此以外”。
4．(2017·淮安高三5月信息卷)Due to limited space, Foodbank of Santa Barbara County has to ________ millions of pounds of food donations annually.
A．put away B．put in
C．turn away D．turn in
解析：选C　考查动词短语辨析。句意：由于空间有限，圣巴巴拉县的食物银行每年都不得不把数百万磅的食品捐赠拒之门外。turn away“把……拒之门外，不准……进入”，符合语境。put away“把……放回原处，积蓄”；put in“添上，打断”；turn in“上交，提交”。
5．(2017·江苏省高考名校联考)The forced smile on her face shouldn't be ________ as satisfaction with your response.
A．imagined B．interpreted
C．described D．transferred
解析：选B　考查动词辨析。句意：她脸上勉强的微笑不应该被理解为满意你的答复。imagine“想象”；interpret“理解”；describe“描述”；transfer“转移”。根据句意可知选B。
6．(2017·镇江市高三期中考试)By the time I got to the garden hurriedly, my son ________ branches of many flowers which I grew on my own.
A．had broken B．has broken
C．would break D．broke
解析：选A　考查时态。句意：当我急匆匆地到花园的时候，我的儿子已经折断了我亲手种的许多花的花枝。By the time引导的是时间状语从句，从句用了一般过去时，主句应用过去完成时。故选A项。
7．(2017·江苏省重点中学高三联考)Many tall buildings, as reported, ________ at present at the edge of our city.
A．have been built B．are being built
C．will be built D．were being built
解析：选B　考查动词的时态和语态。句意：正如报道的那样，目前我们城市的边缘正在建许多高大的建筑物。根据at present可知，此处描述现在正在进行的动作，应用现在进行时，且buildings与build之间是被动关系，用被动语态。故选B项。
8．(2017·江苏省高考名校联考)Tony Garcia, ________ is traveling to America because of a business meeting, is the only person that witnesses the murder.
A．who B．whom
C．that D．which
解析：选A　考查定语从句。句意：因为一个商务会议正前往美国旅行的Tony Garcia是这起谋杀案的唯一目击证人。空处在句中引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Tony Garcia，指人，且空处在从句中作主语，故需用who引导该定语从句。
9．(2017·宿迁市高三调研)The book will tell young Chinese that they should face the challenges, ________ “tears and running away” doesn't solve problems.
A．as B．though
C．in case D．so that
解析：选A　考查状语从句。句意：这本书将告诉中国的年轻人，他们应该直面挑战，因为“眼泪和逃避”并不能解决问题。as“因为”引导原因状语从句，符合语境。
10．(2017·江苏省高考名校联考)Our teacher will give this precious dictionary to ________ wins first prize in the English contest.
A．who B．what
C．whoever D．whatever
解析：选C　考查名词性从句。句意：我们老师将把这本珍贵的字典赠给在英语比赛中获得一等奖的人。根据句子结构可知，空处在句中引导宾语从句，并在从句中作主语，且表示“无论谁”，故选C。
11．(2017·江苏省高考名校联考)When someone turns away his body, it means impatience and a desire ________ a conversation.
A．to escape B．escaped
C．escaping D．having escaped
解析：选A　考查非谓语动词。句意：当人们转过身去的时候，那就意味着不耐烦和逃避那个话题的渴望。此处用动词不定式短语作定语，修饰desire。
12．(2017·常州一中高三质检)He described all of the tourist attractions in detail as if he ________ all of them in person.
A．visited B．would visit
C．would have visited D．had visited
解析：选D　考查虚拟语气。句意：他详细地描述了所有旅游景点，好像他亲自去参观过一样。根据“as if”及句意可知，此处考查虚拟语气的用法，表示与过去事实相反的情况，应用过去完成时。故选D。
13．(2017·江苏省高考名校联考)—Why are children so excited?
—Because the weekend is coming and they ________ get up early at the weekend.
A．needn't B．mustn't
C．wouldn't D．shouldn't
解析：选A　考查情态动词。句意：“为什么孩子们那么兴奋？”“因为周末就要到来了，他们在周末没有必要早起了。”根据“周末没有必要早起了”可知，用needn't。mustn't“禁止，不许”；wouldn't“不愿意”；shouldn't“不应该”。
14．(2017·南京市高三模拟)—When shall we go shopping tomorrow?
—________. I'm available all day.
A．Go ahead　　　　　　　 B．No problem
C．It depends on you D．You can never tell
解析：选C　考查交际用语。句意：“我们明天什么时候去购物呢？”“由你决定。我一整天都有空。”it depends on you“由你决定”，符合句意。go ahead“去吧，干吧”；no problem“没问题”；you can never tell“谁也说不准”。
15．(2017·江苏省高考名校联考)I admire those old men, for they just ________ and treat everything around them in an ordinary manner.
A．take care of the pence B．take the world as it is
C．take their measure D．take to their heels
解析：选B　考查习语辨析。句意：我佩服那些老人是因为他们只是随遇而安，以平常心看待他们周边的所有事物。take the world as it is意为“随遇而安”，符合语境。take care of the pence意为“节约小笔费用”；take one's measure意为“摸清某人的底细”；take to one's heels“逃走，溜掉”。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2017·江苏省四星级学校4月联考)
When I was young, I had a dream. I'm sure you did, too. But my dream wasn't like that of an __16__ kid. It was to be the best tennis player __17__ simply the best “female” one in the world.
__18__， I had a family encouraging me to follow my dream. I learned not to be afraid and how important it is to __19__ a dream and to dream big. My fight began when I was three and I haven't taken a __20__ since.
But too often, most women are not supported or are __21__ from choosing their path. I hope it could be changed. For me, it was a __22__ of resilience (坚忍). What others marked as __23__ about me — my race, my gender — I embraced as fuel for my success. I never let anything or anyone __24__ me. I controlled my future.
When it comes to equal pay, it frustrates me __25__ I know first­hand that gender differences exist. I would __26__ want my daughter to be paid less than my son for the same work. Women have to __27__ many barriers to success. One is that we are constantly __28__ we are not men. People call me one of the “world's greatest female athletes”. Why don't they say LeBron is one of the world's best male athletes? We should never let this go __29___. We should be judged by our achievements but not __30__.
For everything I have achieved, I am __31__ to have experienced the highs and lows that come __32__ success. I hope my story will be a(n) __33__ for women to fight for their dreams. We must __34__ to dream big, and in doing so, we enable the next generation of women to be __35__ in their pursuit.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者以自己的事例呼吁全体女性勇敢追求成功，为争取性别平等而不懈努力。
16．A.ambitious B．excellent
C．average D．energetic
解析：选C　根据下一句“It was to be the best tennis player”以及下文内容尤其是“People call me ... Why don't they say LeBron is one of the world's best male athletes？”可知，此处指作者说自己小时候的理想与普通孩子的是不同的，故选average“普通的，一般的”。
17．A.instead of B．regardless of
C．other than D．more than
解析：选A　结合本文主旨以及下文中的“People call me one of the‘world's greatest female athletes’．Why don't they say LeBron is one of the world's best male athletes？”可知，作者希望男女平等，所以作者在此强调的是自己的理想是做世界上最好的网球运动员，而不是最好的女网球运动员。instead of“而不是”，符合语境。
18．A.Hopefully B．Fortunately
C．Obviously D．Generally
解析：选B　幸运的是(Fortunately)，作者有鼓励她追寻自己的梦想的家人。此处亦与下文中的“But too often，most women are not supported ...”形成对比。
19. A．make up B．set up
C．care for D．push for
解析：选D　根据下文中的“My fight began when ...”“fight for their dreams”可知，这里指作者知道了为梦想而努力是多么重要。push for“为……而努力，力争”，符合语境。
20. A．risk B．leave
C．break D．chance
解析：选C　作者从三岁时就开始为梦想奋斗，自此一直从未间断。break“暂停，中断”，符合语境。
21．A.defended B．excused
C．discouraged D．dismissed
解析：选C　但是通常，大多数女性不被支持，或者被阻止去选择自己的道路。discourage“阻止，阻挠”，符合语境。
22．A.thought B．question
C．moment D．risk
解析：选B　作者希望这种境况可以改变，在作者看来，这是有关“坚忍”的问题(question)。
23．A.disadvantages B．concerns
C．qualifications D．personalities
解析：选A　根据下文中的“my race, my gender”“I embraced as fuel for my success”可知，此处指被别人列为作者的不利因素(disadvantages)，比如她的种族，她的性别，作者将它们视为追求成功的动力。
24．A.ignore B．attack
C．bother D．define
解析：选D　根据下文中的“I controlled my future”可知，作者从不让任何事或任何人来定义自己，而是自己主宰自己的未来。define“给……下定义”，符合语境。
25．A.although B．because
C．unless D．if
解析：选B　当谈起同工同酬问题时，作者感到懊恼，因为她自己亲身体验到性别差异的存在。分析句子结构可知，前后句之间是因果关系，且前面是果，后面是因。故用because。
26．A.ever B．even
C．never D．just
解析：选C　根据语境可知，作者永远不希望看到做了同样的工作，女儿得到的报酬却比儿子的少。never“从不，绝不”。
27．A.break down B．take after
C．set aside D．put away

解析：选A　为了获取成功，女性不得不打破许多障碍。break down“打破，消除”，符合语境。take after“追赶，跟踪”；set aside“省出，把……抛在脑后”；put away“猛吃，积蓄，把……收起来”。
28．A.informed B．reminded
C．assured D．criticized
解析：选B　其中一个障碍就是总有人提醒我们不是男性。remind“提醒，使想起”，符合语境。
29．A.unchallenged B．unpunished
C．uncompleted D．uncontrolled
解析：选A　根据语境可知，作者在此想表达的是女性不能对此置之不理，而要敢于质疑。unchallenged“不被怀疑的，完全接受的，没有异议的”，符合语境。
30．A.appearance B．position
C．background D．gender
解析：选D　对我们的评价应该依据我们的成就而不是我们的性别。gender“性别”，符合语境。
31．A.superior B．grateful
C．indifferent D．preferable
解析：选B　作者从心底里感谢已经经历过的伴随成功而来的起起伏伏。grateful“感激的，表示感谢的”，符合语境。superior“更好的，占优势”；indifferent“不感兴趣，漠不关心”；preferable“更可取的，更合适的”。
32．A.with B．through
C．from D．beyond
解析：选A　参见上题解析。with“和，随着”，符合语境。
33. A．intention B．inspiration
C．solution D．expectation
解析：选B　作者希望她的故事可以激励女性为她们的梦想而奋斗。inspiration“鼓舞人心的人(或事物)，使人产生动机的人(或事物)”，符合语境。
34．A.pause B．agree
C．promise D．continue
解析：选D　女性必须继续心怀远大的理想，这样做的话，我们就给予下一代女性力量，给予她们追求成功的勇气。下文中的“the next generation”是暗示。continue“继续”，符合语境。
35．A.expert B．enthusiastic
C．brave D．learned
解析：选C　参见上题解析。expert“内行的，经验丰富的”；enthusiastic“热情的”；brave“勇敢的”；learned“有学问的，博学的”。根据语境可知，选C项。
英语知识运用组合练(二)
(限时35分钟)
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2017·江苏省四星级学校4月联考)Inner sunshine warms the heart of not only the owner, but all ________ come in contact with it.
A．that　　　　　　　　 B．which
C．what D．whom
解析：选A　考查定语从句。句意：内心的欢乐不仅温暖了欢乐者自己的心，也温暖了所有与之接触的人的心。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词是不定代词all，指人，故只能用that。
2．(2017·江苏省高考名校联考)Many students are at a loss as to ________ they spend so much time on language learning, but achieve little.
A．that B．why
C．how D．whether
解析：选B　考查名词性从句。句意：很多学生感到困惑的是为什么他们在语言学习上花费了如此多的时间但收效甚微。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导宾语从句作as to的宾语，且引导词在从句中充当原因状语，故应用why。
3．(2017·江苏省高考名校联考)________ you admit a mistake and take responsibility for it, you are bound to make the same one again.
A．Once B．Though
C．Unless D．If
解析：选C　考查状语从句。句意：除非你承认错误并且对它负责，要不然你一定会再次犯同样的错误的。根据句意，应用unless“除非”在句中引导条件状语从句。
4．(2017·徐州市高三一模)There is no doubt that my neighbor can drive by herself because she ________ her driving test.
A．passed B．has passed
C．had passed D．would pass
解析：选B　考查动词的时态。句意：毫无疑问，我的邻居可以自己开车，因为她已经通过了驾照考试。根据题干中的“can drive by herself”可知，此处用现在完成时，表示动作已经完成并对现在的情况有一定的影响。故答案选B项。
5．(2017·苏、锡、常、镇高三联考)John talked with me for about an hour yesterday. Never ________ him talk so much.
A．I heard B．did I hear
C．I had heard D．had I heard
解析：选D　考查时态和倒装。句意：约翰昨天和我谈了约一个小时的话。我以前从未听过他说那么多话。表示到过去的某一时间为止，应用过去完成时；又因表示否定意义的副词never位于句首时，句子需用部分倒装，故选D项。
6．(2017·江苏省高考名校联考)With the final examination approaching, I decided to ________ my part­time job to prepare for this examination.
A．give in B．give off
C．give out D．give up
解析：选D　考查动词短语辨析。句意：在期末考试来临之际，我决定放弃我的兼职工作来准备这次考试。give in“屈服，让步，投降”；give off“发出(烟、气味等)”；give out“分发，公布，耗尽”；give up“放弃，停止”。根据句意可知选D项。
7．(2017·江苏省高考名校联考)As we all know, books are the source of knowledge and we can ________ a great deal from reading.
A．benefit B．remove
C．separate D．steal
解析：选A　考查动词辨析。句意：众所周知，书是知识的源泉，从阅读中，我们可以受益很多。benefit“得益于，受益”，符合语境。remove“移除”；separate“分离，分开”；steal“窃取”。
8．(2017·镇江市高三期末考试)The old professor has a large collection of ancient vases ________ back to the Ming Dynasty.
A．dated B．to date
C．dating D．being dated
解析：选C　考查非谓语动词。句意：这位老教授收藏了很多可追溯到明朝的古老的花瓶。date back to的意思是“追溯到”，是不及物动词短语，故此处应用现在分词作后置定语，修饰ancient vases。
9．(2017·江苏省高考名校联考)There is no doubt that it is very important for the villagers to have a clinic ________ when their family members fall ill.
A．at hand B．at random
C．at birth D．at length
解析：选A　考查介词短语辨析。句意：毫无疑问，对村民来说，当他们的家人生病时，附近有个诊所是极其重要的。at hand“在手边，在附近”；at random“随意地，任意地”；at birth“在出生时”；at length“终于，最后，详细地”。根据句意可知，答案应选A项。
10．(2017·江苏省高三六校联考)Although a gorilla won't talk, ________ it can use body language to answer back and forth. It is the same with the way the other animals communicate.
A．moreover B．nevertheless
C．somehow D．therefore
解析：选B　考查副词辨析。句意：尽管大猩猩不会说话，但是它能够运用肢体语言来反复回应。这与其他动物的交流方式是一样的。根据句意可知应选择nevertheless“然而，但是”。moreover“此外，而且”；somehow“不知何故”；therefore“因此”。
11．(2017·宿迁市高三调研)Though its GDP ranks second in the world, China remains a developing country with its average family income far below ________ of Western developed countries.
A．it B．those
C．one D．that
解析：选D　考查指示代词。句意：虽然中国的GDP世界排名第二，但它仍然是一个发展中国家，其家庭平均收入远低于西方发达国家的家庭平均收入。空处指代前面提到的“average family income”，同名不同物，且表示特指，故用that。
12．(2017·江苏省高考名校联考)—Let's go to Chongqing together tomorrow.
—I'd like to, but the highway to Chongqing ________ temporarily closed if the heavy fog didn't fade away.
A．would be B．will be
C．is D．would have been
解析：选A　考查虚拟语气。句意：“我们明天一起去重庆吧。”“我很乐意去。但是如果大雾不慢慢消散的话，去重庆的高速公路会临时封闭的。”根据句中的“tomorrow”“if ... didn't fade away”可知，空处所在句表示对将来事实的假设，故应用would be。
13．(2017·江苏省高考名校联考)Not only ________ to apologize to his opponent, but also he made an aggressive gesture, which made him blamed by the media.
A．the swimmer refused
B．did the swimmer refuse
C．the swimmer had refused
D．had the swimmer refused
解析：选B　考查倒装。句意：那位游泳运动员不仅拒绝向对手道歉，而且还做出挑衅的手势，这使他受到了媒体的指责。not only ... but also ...连接两个分句，当not only位于句首时，前面的分句要用部分倒装，即把助动词置于主语之前。根据句意及后面的“made an aggressive gesture”可知，此处应用一般过去时。故选B项。
14．(2017·徐州市高三一模)—Well, Bill really ________. I never thought he would finish the work so fast.
—Yes. And he finished it perfectly.
A．puts on the dog B．is a dead duck
C．knocks my socks off D．is down in the mouth
解析：选C　考查习语辨析。句意：“啊，比尔真的让我感到很震惊。我从来没想过他会如此快地完成工作。”“是的，而且他完成得很出色。” knock one's socks off表示“使某人万分惊愕，给某人留下深刻印象”，符合语境。put on the dog“装腔作势”；a dead duck“已失败，注定要失败”；down in the mouth“沮丧的，垂头丧气的”。
15．(2017·江苏省高考名校联考)—It seems that he doesn't like the shoes you bought for him last week.
—________？ I have been told he is desperate for the shoes.
A．Who cares　　　　　 B．How come
C．So what D．Now what
解析：选B　考查交际用语。句意：“他好像不喜欢上周你给他买的鞋。”“怎么会呢？有人告诉我他很想要那双鞋。”A项意为“谁在乎呢”；B项意为“怎么会呢”；C项意为“那又怎么样”；D项意为“现在怎么办”。故选B项。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2017·江苏省高考名校联考)It was a sunny day. __16__ to spend some time outside, I went up the mountain with my uncle. In the end, __17__ and thirsty, I couldn't go any __18__. So we went back down the mountain.
On the way back down, my uncle asked me a question, which left me __19__ for a second: “What's your __20__ ？”
“I have no idea，” I answered after thinking it for a while. Then he __21__ and told me about his story. He didn't __22__ well at school when he was a student. __23__ nobody thought he could succeed, he knew clearly what his dream was — to be a(n) __24__. So he started selling different items to __25__ which one was most attractive to customers. He often had a __26__ of money in his pocket, but he never gave up.
“There is no doubt that a person who __27__ a great deal of effort to his goal will have good luck finally. The meaning of life is to __28__ your dream，” he said gently.
That night I could hardly fall asleep. I __29__ in bed, asking myself, “What's my __30__ ？” I once wanted to be a top student, but the hard work needed __31__ devoting everything to following my passion. If I find myself lacking in __32__， just like my climb, what should I do? The next morning, I climbed the mountain again. It made me think: If we don't __33__ the climb, how can we get to see the __34__ on the top of the mountain? Eventually, I reached the top and was __35__ by the warm breeze and sunshine. Nothing could be more pleasant than that.
语篇解读：本文为一篇记叙文。作者结合自身的登山经历告诉我们要欣赏“美景”，必须付出努力。
16．A.Reluctant B．Eager
C．Hesitant D．Brave
解析：选B　 根据上文“It was a sunny day”和下文的“I went up the mountain with my uncle”可知，作者渴望(Eager)花些时间到户外活动。(be) eager to do sth.“渴望做某事”。
17．A.disappointed B．astonished
C．stressed D．exhausted
解析：选D　根据下文的“and thirsty”“I couldn't go ... back down the mountain”可知，作者感到既筋疲力尽又口干舌燥，不能再往前走了。exhausted“疲倦的，筋疲力尽的”，符合语境。
18．A.further B．faster
C．closer D．wider
解析：选A　参见上题解析。
19．A.frightened B．hopeless
C．ashamed D．speechless
解析：选D　根据下文中的“for a second”“‘I have no idea，’I answered after thinking it for a while”可知，叔叔问的问题让作者一时说不出话来。 speechless“说不出话的”，符合语境。
20．A.intention B．destination
C．dream D．challenge
解析：选C　根据下文内容，尤其是“his dream”“goal”“your dream”等信息提示可知，此处指叔叔问作者他的梦想(dream)是什么。
21．A.sighed B．smiled
C．sobbed D．shook
解析：选B　根据下文中的“he said gently”可知，此处指叔叔微笑(smiled)着、心平气和地讲述他的故事。
22．A.adapt B．perform
C．memorize D．feel
解析：选B　根据下文中的“nobody thought he could succeed”可知，叔叔上学时，在学业方面表现不佳。 perform“表现”，符合语境。
23．A.Although B．Because
C．Once D．If
解析：选A　根据下文中的“... he knew clearly what his dream was”可知，虽然 (Although) 没人认为他可以成功，但他清楚地知道他的梦想是什么。
24．A.businessman B．activist
C．adventurer D．inventor
解析：选A　根据下文中的“So he started selling different items to __25__ which one was most attractive to customers”可知，作者叔叔的梦想是成为商人(businessman)。
25．A.carry out B．leave out
C．figure out D．take out
解析：选C　根据语境可知，作者的叔叔开始卖不同的东西以便弄清楚哪种东西最能够吸引顾客。figure out“发现，弄清楚”，符合语境。
26．A.taste B．sense
C．way D．shortage
解析：选D　根据下文的“but he never gave up”可知，他经常缺钱，但他却从未放弃。a shortage of“缺少……”。
27．A.donates B．commits
C．attaches D．submits
解析：选B　毫无疑问，一个付出许多努力来达到目标的人最终会获得好运的。commit“投入(钱、时间、人力等)”，commit sth. to sth.“把……投入……”。donate“捐赠”；attach“固定，连接”；submit“使服从”。
28．A.cherish B．preserve
C．chase D．share
解析：选C　人生的意义就在于追寻(chase)你的梦想。
29．A.turned over B．got on
C．wandered around D．broke down
解析：选A　根据上句中的“That night I could hardly fall asleep.”可知，此处指那晚作者在床上辗转反侧。turn over“翻身，翻转”，符合语境。
30．A.achievement B．opportunity
C．advantage D．motivation
解析：选D　根据上下文语境可知，作者由叔叔的经历受到启发，质疑自己的兴趣是什么。下文中的“following my passion”是关键提示。motivation“动力，兴趣”，符合语境。

31．A.meant B．suggested
C．advocated D．avoided
解析：选A　作者曾经想成为一名优等生，但(成为优等生)所需要的努力意味着要把一切都投入到追随这种激情中。mean doing sth.“意味着做某事”，符合语境。
32．A.confidence B．money
C．willpower D．knowledge
解析：选C　根据下文的“just like my climb”可知，如果作者发现自身缺乏意志力(willpower)，就像自己所经历的(中途放弃的)登山一样，作者应该做什么呢？
33．A.encourage B．experience
C．repeat D．investigate
解析：选B　根据语境可知，作者发出感慨：如果我们不体验(experience)登山，又如何能看见山顶(美丽)的景色呢？
34．A.planet B．scenery
C．plant D．architecture
解析：选B　参见上题解析。scenery“景色”，符合语境。architecture“建筑物”。
35．A.amused B．distracted
C．shocked D．fascinated
解析：选D　最终作者到达了山顶，并陶醉于山上和煦的微风和温暖的阳光。be fascinated by“对……着迷”，符合语境。

英语知识运用组合练(三)
(限时35分钟)
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2017·江苏省高考名校联考)—The rapid ________ of our city has caused many social and economic problems.
—That's true. Our city is bigger than before, but our life isn't as quiet as before.
A．exploration　　　　　　 B．expansion
C．explosion D．evolution
解析：选B　考查名词辨析。句意：“我们城市的快速扩张已经引发了很多社会和经济问题。”“确实如此。我们的城市比以前大了，但我们的生活没有以前平静了。”根据答语中的“Our city is bigger than before”可知答案选B项。exploration“探索”；expansion“扩大，扩张”；explosion“爆炸”；evolution“进化”。
2．(2017·南通高三调研)Spending time in another culture will change the way you look at life. ________， spreading love is part of the appeal of volunteering abroad.
A．Somehow B．Besides
C．Otherwise D．Therefore
解析：选B　考查副词辨析。句意：花时间在另一个文化中将会改变你看待生活的方式。除此以外，传播爱也是出国做志愿者的部分魅力所在。somehow“不知为什么”；besides“另外，而且”；otherwise“否则，要不然”；therefore“因此”。根据语境可知，前后两部分是递进关系，故选B项。
3．(2017·江苏省高考名校联考)—With so much difficult work to do, you ________ have slept well these days.
—Yes. That's why my eyes are so red.
A．mustn't B．couldn't
C．shouldn't D．needn't
解析：选B　考查情态动词。句意：“有如此多困难的工作要做，你这些天不可能睡好。”“的确如此。这就是我的眼睛如此泛红的原因。”couldn't have done可用来表示对过去情况的否定推测。
4．(2017·江苏省高考名校联考)But for his generous donations, the animal shelter ________ two years ago.
A．would have been closed B．was closed
C．would be closed D．had been closed
解析：选A　考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是他的慷慨捐助，这个动物收容所在两年前就被关闭了。根据But for引出的虚拟条件及时间状语“two years ago”可知，空格处表示对与过去情况相反的事实的虚拟，应用would have done结构，且shelter与close之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故答案选A项。
5．(2017·泰州第一次调研)On the day of my 9th birthday, the family seemed to have forgotten the event. Though I was sad, I ________ anyone of it.
A．wasn't reminding B．haven't reminded
C．hadn't reminded D．didn't remind
解析：选D　考查动词的时态。句意：在我九岁生日那天，全家人好像已经忘了这件事。尽管我很难过，但是我没有提醒任何人这件事。根据“I was sad”可知，此处描述的是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故选D。
6．(2017·无锡市高三期末考试)The football players ________ about returning to their bedrooms early but their coach rejected their request for leaving the field.
A．think B．have thought
C．were thinking D．had thought
解析：选D　考查动词的时态。句意：这些足球运动员本想早点回到宿舍，但是他们的教练拒绝了他们离开运动场的请求。根据“but their coach rejected their request for leaving the field”可知，“运动员想早点回到宿舍”是发生在教练不让他们离开运动场之前的动作，表示“过去的过去”，所以用过去完成时。故选D。
7．(2017·江苏省高三六校联考)Many consumers prefer to make their own choices rather than ________ into buying what they don't really want.
A．persuading B．be persuaded
C．to persuade D．being persuaded
解析：选B　考查非谓语动词。prefer to do rather than do sth.“宁愿做……也不愿做……”。在该句式中，rather than后面跟动词原形，且many consumers和persuade之间是被动关系，综上所述，B选项切题。
8．(2017·江苏省高考名校联考)Choose a famous person, suggests the article, ________ accent you admire, and imitate the way he or she speaks.
A．whose　　　　　　　　 B．what
C．who D．which
解析：选A　考查定语从句。句意：这篇文章建议选一个你欣赏其口音的名人，并模仿他或她说话的方式。分析句子结构可知，suggests the article是插入语，空处在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词a famous person，且关系词在从句中作定语修饰accent，故选whose。
9．(2017·江苏省高考名校联考)These new findings are contrary to the traditional belief ______ low­salt diets are healthy.
A．why B．that
C．what D．whether
解析：选B　考查名词性从句。句意：这些新发现与传统的观念——低盐饮食是健康的相悖。分析句子结构和句意可知，空处引导一个同位语从句，对belief的内容进行解释说明，后面的从句中不缺少成分，故用that。
10．(2017·南通高三调研)Everyone has only one chance to answer this question. So ________ you show us your answer, you cannot change it.
A．before B．after
C．unless D．until
解析：选B　考查状语从句。句意：每个人只有一次回答这个问题的机会。因此，在你给我们看了你的答案之后，你便无法更改了。根据句意可知，无法更改发生在给出答案之后。故答案选B项。
11．(2017·泰州第一次调研)Henry has not missed a chance to ________ his muscles to others since being praised for his strong figure.
A．show off B．take to
C．build up D．get over
解析：选A　考查动词短语辨析。句意：自从他因健硕的身材被夸奖之后，亨利从未错过任何机会来向别人炫耀他的肌肉。根据句意及题干中的“his muscles to others”可知，此处选A项“炫耀”。take to“喜欢上”；build up“增强”；get over“把某事说清楚”。
12．(2017·江苏省高考名校联考)Now there are more parks in the area, the largest of which was created to ________ some of the forests in the north of the state.
A．expand B．multiply
C．preserve D．strengthen
解析：选C　考查动词辨析。句意：现在这个地区有更多的公园了，而其中最大的公园是为了保护该州北部地区的一些森林而建的。preserve“保护，保留”，符合语境。expand“使扩大，扩展”；multiply“使繁殖”；strengthen“加强”。
13．(2017·南京师大附中一模)Our beliefs about time and money are often similar. Most people think there isn't enough of ________.
A．either B．neither
C．any D．none
解析：选A　考查代词。句意：我们对时间和金钱的观念通常是相似的。大部分人都认为他们的时间和金钱都不够。 either表示“两者中任何一个”，与否定式连用，表示两者都不，符合语境。neither表示“两者中任何一个都不”，但是如果与否定式连用，表示肯定；any表示“三者或三者以上中任何一个”；none表示“三者或三者以上中任何一个都不”。
14．(2017·江苏省重点中学高三摸底考试)—May I pay a visit to you and talk to you face to face, Mr. Wang?
—________， but not on the weekend.
A．Any time B．It depends
C．Take care D．Not really
解析：选A　考查交际用语。句意：“王先生，我可以拜访您并当面和您谈一下吗？”“任何时候都可以，但不要在周末。”根据答语中的“but not on the weekend”可知，答案选A项，表示“任何时候都可以”。it depends“视情况而定”；take care“保重”；not really“不，不是”。
15．(2017·江苏省高考名校联考)Mary wanted to buy that painting by Picasso, but she didn't get it in the end because another millionaire ________.
A．beat her to the draw B．beat her brains out
C．beat her breast D．beat down her door
解析：选A　考查习语。句意：玛丽想买那幅毕加索的画，但因为另一个百万富翁先她一步行动，她最终没有得到它。beat sb.to the draw意为“先某人行动，比某人抢先一步”，符合语境。beat sb.'s brains out“绞尽脑汁，反复推敲”；beat sb.'s breast“捶胸顿足”；beat down sb.'s door“踏破某人的门槛”。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2017·江苏省高三六校联考)Think about the last time you felt a negative emotion — like stress, anger, or __16__. What was going through your __17___ as you were going through that negativity? Was your mind cluttered (混乱的) with thoughts？Or was it paralyzed, unable to __18__？
The next time you find yourself in the __19__ of a very stressful time, or you feel angry or frustrated, stop. Whatever you're doing, stop and sit for one minute. While you're sitting there, __20__ immerse yourself in the negative emotion.
Allow that emotion to __21__ you. Allow yourself one minute to truly feel that emotion. Don't __22__ yourself here. Take the entire minute — but only one minute — to do __23__ else but feel that emotion.
When the minute is over, ask yourself, “Am I willing to keep __24__to this negative emotion __25__ I go through the rest of the day？”
Once you've allowed yourself to be totally immersed in the emotion and really __26__ it, you will be surprised to find that the emotion __27__rather quickly.
This exercise seems simple — almost too simple. __28__， it is very effective. By allowing that negative emotion the __29__ to be truly felt, you are dealing with the emotion __30__ stuffing it down and trying not to feel it. You are actually __31__ the power of the emotion by giving it the space and attention it needs. When you immerse yourself in the emotion, and realize that it is only emotion, it __32__ its control. You can clear your head and proceed with your task.
Try it. Keep a piece of paper with you that says the following: __33__. Immerse for one minute. Do I want to keep this negativity? Breathe deeply, exhale, release all that negativity. Move on! This will __34__ you of the steps to the process. Remember: take the time you need to really immerse yourself in the emotion. Then, when you feel you've felt it __35__， release it — really let go of it. You will be surprised at how quickly you can move on from a negative situation and get to what you really want to do!
语篇解读：本文就如何处理消极情绪给我们提出了具体的建议。
16．A.sadness B．frustration
C．regret D．sorrow
解析：选B　根据空前的“a negative emotion — like stress, anger, or”和下文中的“feel angry or frustrated”可知选frustration“挫败，沮丧”。
17．A.heart B．thought
C．mind D．body
解析：选C　根据下文“Was your mind cluttered (混乱的) with thoughts？”中的mind可知本题选择mind，表示“头脑，大脑”。
18．A.move B．survive
C．talk D．think
解析：选D　根据语境可知，此处指它 (your mind) 是否瘫痪了，无法思考 (think) 呢？故选择D。
19．A.beginning B．end
C．middle D．start
解析：选C　in the middle of ... 表示“在……当中”，符合语境。
20．A.completely B．immediately
C．hardly D．never
解析：选A　根据下文中的“Allow yourself one minute to truly feel that emotion.”和“... be totally immersed in ...”可知，作者建议让你自己完全沉浸在消极情绪之中，故选择completely。
21．A.destroy B．torture
C．consume D．escape
解析：选C　根据上文中的“immerse yourself in the negative emotion”及下文的内容可知，作者建议让这种消极的思想“吞噬”你，因此选择consume，意为“(心中)充满，满是(某种情绪或念头)”。
22．A.abandon B．cheat
C．blame D．doubt
解析：选B　根据上文的“truly feel that emotion ...”和下文的“Take the entire minute ...”可知选择cheat，表示不要欺骗你自己。
23．A.anything B．something
C．everything D．nothing
解析：选D　利用这仅有的一分钟去全身心地感受那种情绪。此处表示除了感受那种情绪之外，什么也不做。故选nothing。
24．A.holding on B．giving in
C．looking forward D．adding up
解析：选A　一分钟过后，问自己是否愿意在度过一天中剩余的时间时继续保持这种消极情绪，hold on to“保持”，符合句意。
25．A.till B．as
C．before D．once
解析：选B　参见上题解析。as“当……的时候”，符合句意。
26．A.defeat B．fight
C．feel D．forget
解析：选C　根据上文反复出现的“feel”和下文的“felt”可知选择feel，表示真正地感受它。
27．A.clears B．escapes
C．releases D．runs
解析：选A　根据语境及文章最后一句可知，此处指这种消极的情绪会很快地消退。clear“消散，散去，消失”，符合句意。
28．A.Therefore B．Otherwise
C．Moreover D．However
解析：选D　这种练习似乎很简单，几乎过于简单了，但是它很有效果。前后句之间是转折关系，故选择However。
29．A.space B．reason
C．chance D．time
解析：选A　根据下文的“by giving it the space”可知，此处指在心里给消极的情绪腾出一个空间(space)，使其真正地被感受。故答案为A。
30．A.other than B．more than
C．rather than D．less than
解析：选C　你是在应对这种情绪而不是压抑这种情绪并试着不去感受它，因此选择rather than“而不是”。other than“除了”；more than“多于，不仅仅”；less than“不到，少于”。
31．A.adding to B．taking away
C．subjecting to D．objecting to

解析：选B　根据上下文可知，给予消极情绪一定的空间并且去感受它，事实上就是在消除消极情绪的影响力。take away“解除，消除”。
32．A.gains B．takes
C．keeps D．loses
解析：选D　当你沉浸在这种情绪中并意识到它仅仅是一种情绪时，它就失去了控制力，因此选择loses。
33．A.Calm B．Relax
C．Wait D．Stop
解析：选D　根据上文中的“The next time you find yourself ... stop”可知选择D。
34．A.inform B．warn
C．convince D．remind
解析：选D　这会让你想起这个过程的步骤。remind“使想起”，符合句意。
35．A.already B．enough
C．gone D．long
解析：选B　根据语境可知，此处表示当你觉得你已经充分感受到它时，故应选择enough“足够，充分”。
英语知识运用组合练(四)
(限时35分钟)
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2017·江苏省高考名校联考)All students want to enrich their knowledge, but I believe that most students today want that knowledge to be ________ to their future careers.
A．relevant　　　　　　　 B．faithful
C．preferable D．sensitive
解析：选A　考查形容词辨析。句意：所有的学生都想要丰富自己的知识，但是我认为，现在大多数学生都希望获得跟他们的未来职业紧密相关的知识。relevant“紧密相关的”，符合语境。faithful“忠实的，如实的”；preferable“较适合的，更可取的”；sensitive“敏感的，灵敏的”。
2．(2017·江苏省高考名校联考)In her partnership with BabyTree, Jessup will write a weekly blog that explores the ________ and meanings behind English names.
A．origins B．consequences
C．resources D．symbols
解析：选A　考查名词辨析。句意：在与BabyTree合作期间，Jessup将每周写一篇探索英文名字背后的起源和意义的博客。origin“起源”，符合语境。consequence“后果”；resource“资源”；symbol“象征”。
3．(2017·江苏省重点中学高三摸底考试)Mary is looking for a new apartment for rent and she wants to find ________ with a garage.
A．it B．that
C．one D．the one
解析：选C　考查代词辨析。句意：玛丽在寻找出租的新公寓，她想找到一座带车库的公寓。空处指代句中的“a new apartment”，且表泛指，故用one。
4．(2017·徐州高三调研)At the meeting, all the staff have a heated discussion on the most efficient way to ________ their plan in limited time.
A．analyze B．assume
C．acknowledge D．accomplish
解析：选D　考查动词辨析。句意：所有员工在会议上激烈讨论了在有限的时间内完成他们的计划的最有效的方法。accomplish“完成”，符合语境。analyze“分析”；assume“承担，假定”；acknowledge“承认”。
5．(2017·江苏省高考名校联考)The new student ________ many journals concerned with his subject in order to have a good knowledge of the latest information.
A．subscribes to B．accounts for
C．attends to D．sets up
解析：选A　考查动词短语辨析。句意：这个新生订阅了许多跟他的学科有关的杂志，以便很好地了解最新信息。subscribe to意为“订阅”，符合语境。account for“解释，说明”；attend to“处理，料理”；set up“设立，创立”。
6．(2017·宿迁市高三调研)—Where's the injured dog?
—It's said it ________ in the hospital.
A．was examined B．will be examined
C．is being examined D．has been examined
解析：选C　考查动词时态。句意：“受伤的狗去哪儿了？”“据说它正在医院接受检查。” it (the injured dog)和examine之间是被动关系，且此处指当前正在进行的动作，所以用现在进行时的被动语态。
7．(2017·南京师大附中高三一模)________ something to help me grow, but I wanted something I could profit from financially.
A．Not only do I want B．Not only did I want
C．Not only I wanted D．Not only I want
解析：选B　考查时态和倒装。句意：我不仅想要一些能帮助我成长的东西，而且我还想要一些能从中得到经济利益的东西。本句是not only ... but (also) ...句型，该句型中的not only放到句首时，其后的分句要用部分倒装，排除C和D两项。根据第二分句用的一般过去时可知，第一分句也用一般过去时，故选B项。
8．(2017·江苏省高考名校联考)A great number of visitors flood in to climb up to the top of the tower, ________ they can have a good view of the whole city.
A．to where B．from what
C．with which D．from where
解析：选D　考查定语从句。句意：许多游客蜂拥而来以登上塔顶，从那里他们可以一览全市风光。 from where是“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，where在此处为关系代词而非关系副词。
9．(2017·镇江市高三期末考试)When asked, he said the years of peace were ________ everyone could lead a happy life.
A．that　　　　　　　　 B．because
C．when D．what
解析：选C　考查名词性从句。句意：当被问起时，他说和平年代就是所有人都能过着幸福生活的年代。空处引导表语从句，且在表语从句中充当时间状语，相当于the time when，故选C。
10．(2017·江苏省高考名校联考)You'd better make a schedule for the trip in advance ________ you waste too much time on planning during your trip.
A．in case B．as if
C．so that D．now that
解析：选A　考查状语从句。句意：你最好提前为旅途作一个日程安排，以免你在旅行过程中把过多的时间浪费在制订计划上。根据语境可知，应选in case“以防，以免”。
11．(2017·扬州高三期末考试)Not until his grandmother told him everything about his mother ________ why his mother hadn't been back home for years.
A．Jack understood B．did Jack understand
C．had Jack understood D．Jack had understood
解析：选B　考查倒装。句意：直到奶奶告诉杰克有关他母亲的一切，他才明白母亲好几年都没有回家的原因。not until引导的时间状语从句置于句首，主句要进行部分倒装。根据句中的“Not until his grandmother told him everything about his mother ”可知，此处应用一般过去时。故选B。
12．(2017·徐州高三调研)Without your ticket, I ________ able to see the exhibition of old photographs tomorrow.
A．am not B．wouldn't be
C．hadn't been D．wouldn't have been
解析：选B　考查虚拟语气。句意：要是没有你的票的话，我明天就不能去看老照片展览了。根据句意及句中的“tomorrow”可知，此处表示与将来事实相反的情况，句子谓语应用would do形式。故选B。
13．(2017·江苏省高考名校联考)Tom's mother blamed him for devoting too much time to football ________ his studies.
A．at the mercy of B．at the expense of
C．in the face of D．in the event of
解析：选B　考查介词短语。句意：汤姆的母亲指责他把过多的时间用于踢足球而耽误了学习。at the expense of“以……为代价”，符合语境。at the mercy of“任由……摆布”；in the face of“面对(问题、困难等)”；in the event of“如果……发生”。
14．(2017·无锡市高三一模)—What's up, dear?
—I really ________ after I lost the bicycle race to a 10­year­old girl.
A．killed the fatted calf B．had egg on my face
C．washed my hands off D．got off my high horse
解析：选B　考查习语辨析。句意：“亲爱的，怎么了？”“当我在自行车竞赛中输给了一个10岁的小女孩之后，我真的感到很丢脸。”kill the fatted calf“盛宴款待”；have egg on one's face“丢脸，出丑”；wash one's hands off“洗手不干”；get off one's high horse“放下架子，不再生气”。根据句意，应选B项。
15．(2017·江苏省高考名校联考)—It's said that Jennifer has been offered a job in the library, but she doesn't want to take it.
—________？ It's a good chance after all.
A．Who cares B．How come
C．Guess what D．So what
解析：选B　考查交际用语。句意：“据说珍妮弗已经得到了一份图书馆的工作，但她不想接受。”“怎么会？毕竟这是一个好机会。”根据答语中的“It's a good chance after all.”可知选B项。how come“怎么会”。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2017·江苏省高考名校联考)I recently declared that I would be moving my family to Israel. The __16__ were varied. Some people said it was an __17__ thing while others asked：“Why now? What will you do？” For me, making the __18__ to Israel is a dream that has lasted for my 47 years of life. I have always __19__ known that Israel is my home. Over the years my mind has been __20__ by Israel, but I have found many reasons to __21__ off my return, such as kids, the economy, education.
Frankly, I believe I was always just a little __22__. And of course I still am, with the fear factor that is reported by the __23__. However, for 47 years I have never __24__ it is my home. I am finally ready to fully grasp this __25__.
Over the years, I have always loved __26__ Israel with my family, and enjoyed __27__ thousands of travelers to the country. I have taken to all the things about Israel straight away as a tourist __28__ I have deep affection for my home. Having waited long for the “perfect” conditions __29__ which I can return to my home, I believe the time is __30__！
I have been asked many times if I am __31__ about moving to Israel, considering a series of armed conflicts in Israel. Before I __32__ it, I remember that years ago we __33__ too many great difficulties to come to the USA. Today, my family and I all feel __34__ that we will conquer any difficulties. I am proud to say that I am __35__ a 47­year­old dream: I am going home.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者在47岁的时候做出了他人生中一次重大的决定，也是他多年的梦想：带着家人回到阔别几十年的家乡——以色列。
16．A.solutions B．reactions
C．suggestions D．possibilities
解析：选B　最近作者宣布他要举家迁往以色列。对此人们反应不一。根据下文的“Some people said ... while others asked”可知选reaction“反应”。
17．A.expected B．established
C．imagined D．acknowledged
解析：选A　根据语境以及关键词“Some”和“while others ...”可知，对于作者回到以色列的决定，有人表示支持，认为回到以色列是预料中的(expected)事，也有人很吃惊，对此不解。
18．A.visit B．connection
C．choice D．move
解析：选D　联系上下文可知，迁居到以色列是作者47年来的梦想。 move用作名词，表示“移动，迁居”。
19．A.hardly B．distinctly
C．accidentally D．cleverly
解析：选B　根据上下文描述的作者对以色列的深厚感情可知，此处表示作者一直都清楚地(distinctly)知道以色列是自己的家乡。
20．A.shaken B．disturbed
C．struck D．occupied
解析：选D　多年来，作者的思绪一直被以色列占据(occupied)着。
21．A.set B．turn
C．take D．put
解析：选D　下文列举的“such as kids, the economy, education”都是作者迟迟没有回到祖国的理由。put off“推迟，延期”。故选D。
22．A.anxious B．scared
C．happy D．tired
解析：选B　根据下文中的“of course I still am, with the fear factor”中的提示词fear可知，作者总是感到有点害怕，故选scared。
23．A.public B．private
C．press D．people
解析：选C　根据上文中的“that is reported”可知，这种恐惧因素是由新闻报道出来的，故选press。the press“报刊(总称)，新闻界”。
24．A.admitted B．promised
C．denied D．announced
解析：选C　联系上下文可知，作者一直想回到以色列，一直把它当作自己的家乡，因此可推断出，作者47年来从未否认过以色列是他的家乡，故用deny“否认”。
25．A.opportunity B．situation
C．season D．treasure
解析：选A　作者终于准备好和家人一起回到以色列，而作者对此期待了许久，这对他来说是个机会，故此处指抓住这次机会，故选opportunity。
26．A.defending B．observing
C．visiting D．anticipating
解析：选C　根据下文中的“as a tourist”可知，这里指作者一直喜欢和家人到以色列旅游，故选C项。
27．A.gathering B．transporting
C．introducing D．arranging
解析：选C　结合语境可知，作者不仅喜欢到以色列旅游，而且喜欢让成千上万的游客参观这个国家，故用introduce“使初次接触/了解”。
28．A.that B．where
C．when D．because
解析：选D　因为对家乡有深厚的情感，所以作为游客的作者立即就喜欢上了以色列的一切。前后句之间是因果关系，前面是果，后面是因，故选because。
29．A.under B．for
C．about D．beyond
解析：选A　这里考查“介词＋关系代词”的用法，根据先行词conditions可知选under。under ... conditions表示“在……条件下”。
30．A.past B．now
C．short D．enough
解析：选B　根据上文提到的作者渴望回到以色列的内容及文章最后的“I am going home”可知，作者认为“回家”的最好时机就是现在，故选B项。
31．A.nervous B．doubtful
C．curious D．hopeful
解析：选A　根据第二段中的“fear”和下文中的“considering a series of armed conflicts in Israel”可知，考虑到以色列的一系列武装冲突，作者经常被问到是否对迁居以色列感到担心(nervous)。
32．A.decide B．answer
C．declare D．understand
解析：选B　上文的“I have been asked many times ...”可知此处指在作者回答这个问题之前，故用answer。
33．A.faced B．witnessed
C．overcame D．ignored
解析：选C　根据下文中的“to come to the USA”及“will conquer any difficulties”可知，几年前作者和家人克服了重重困难来到美国，如今他们有信心战胜任何困难，故应用overcame与下文的“conquer”相对照。witness“见证”。
34．A.worried B．confident
C．cautious D．confused
解析：选B　参见上题解析。
35．A.developing B．creating
C．realizing D．describing
解析：选C　通读全文可知，作者要实现一个47年来的回家之梦，故选realize“实现”。

英语知识运用组合练(五)
(限时35分钟)
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2017·江苏省四星级学校4月联考)Professor White believes as soon as Cathy learns the office________ she will be an excellent assistant.
A．dilemma　　　　　　　　 B．routine
C．schedule D．principle
解析：选B　考查名词辨析。句意：怀特教授相信凯西一旦熟悉了办公室的日常事务，她就会成为一名优秀的助手。dilemma“(进退两难的)窘境，困境”；routine“常规，例行公事”；schedule“工作计划，日程安排”；principle“原则，法则”。根据句意可知，选B项。
2．(2017·江苏省高三六校联考)Heading out on the waters in search of whales is a routine he does, and ________ that, as he hopes, won't be lost if whale­watching goes the way of so many mass tourism attractions.
A．which B．one
C．it D．that
解析：选B　考查代词。句意：出海搜寻鲸鱼是他所做的日常工作，并且是一个他希望不会丢失的日常工作，如果观鲸走的是这么多大众旅游景点的老路的话。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中充当表语，代替a routine，因此选择one。
3．(2017·江苏省高考名校联考)After a long run, I was about to run through the finishing line ________ when I fell down on the ground.
A．out of reach B．out of breath
C．out of danger D．out of luck
解析：选B　考查介词短语辨析。句意：经过长时间的奔跑后，在我即将气喘吁吁地冲过终点线时我跌倒在地。out of reach“够不到”；out of breath“气喘吁吁”；out of danger“脱离危险”；out of luck“不走运，倒霉”。根据句意，应选B项。
4．(2017·淮安高三5月信息卷)If I ________ hard in the past, I would pass the exam easily tomorrow.
A．studied B．were to study
C．should study D．had studied
解析：选D　考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我过去努力学习，我明天就会轻松通过考试。根据题干中的“in the past”可知，此处表示对过去的情况的虚拟，故用过去完成时。故答案选D项。
5．(2017·江苏省高考名校联考)Her novels have been ________ many times for television and films.
A．qualified B．adapted
C．substituted D．advertised
解析：选B　考查动词辨析。句意：她的小说已多次被改编成电视节目和电影。adapt“改编”，符合语境。qualify“使具备资格”；substitute“替换”；advertise“为……做广告”。
6．(2017·镇江市高三模拟)No agreement will be reached if neither side ________ or accepts the conditions of the other.
A．shows up B．takes over
C．pulls through D．gives in
解析：选D　考查动词短语辨析。句意：双方如果都不让步或接受另一方的条件，将不会达成协议。根据句意可知，give in“让步，屈服”，符合语境。
7．(2017·江苏省高考名校联考)Ancient Indians moved from Asia to what is now the U. S. mainland thousands of years ago and not until the 16th century ________ to settle there.
A．Europeans began B．began Europeans
C．did Europeans begin D．had Europeans begun
解析：选C　考查时态和倒装。句意：古印第安人几千年前就从亚洲移居到了现在的美洲大陆，直到16世纪欧洲人才开始在那里定居。当not until位于句首时，句子要部分倒装；再结合句中的“the 16th century”可知，应用一般过去时，故选C项。
8．(2017·江苏南通高三一模)The audience ________ the film by the famous director the moment they saw it.
A．enjoyed B．had been enjoying
C．were enjoying D．would enjoy
解析：选A　考查动词的时态。句意：观众们一看到这位著名导演拍摄的电影，就喜欢上它了。the moment意为“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句，从句用的是一般过去时，故主句也用一般过去时。
9．(2017·江苏省高考名校联考)It was funny that he should have told such a funny story ______ made everyone present burst into laughter.
A．as B．that
C．which D．what
解析：选A　考查定语从句。句意：真有趣，他竟然讲了那样一个让在场的每一个人都放声大笑的滑稽故事。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，若先行词被the same, such等词修饰或其前有“so＋形容词＋不定冠词”，其后的定语从句需用as引导。
10．(2017·江苏省四星级学校4月联考)Doctor Berg says ________ one method of testing for depression works better than another method is still in question.
A．whether B．what
C．that D．which
解析：选A　考查名词性从句。句意：伯格医生说，一种抑郁症的测试方法是否比另一种方法更好一些仍在讨论中。根据句中的“still in question”并分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导主语从句，且表示“是否”，故用whether。
11．(2017·江苏省高三六校联考)Small and distant from cities ________ my hometown is, there is always something different to catch your eye.
A．though B．even if
C．however D．while
解析：选A　考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管我的家乡不大并且远离城市，但是它总会有别样的东西吸引你的注意。分析从句的句型结构不难看出，此处考查的是让步状语从句的倒装，具有这样用法的连词有as和though，故本题答案为A。
12．(2017·江苏省高考名校联考)Every morning Jack's wife will stand before the mirror, ________ carefully until she has to go to work.
A．dressing B．dressed
C．to dress D．having dressed
解析：选A　考查非谓语动词。句意：每天早晨杰克的妻子总是站在镜子前面，仔细化妆，直至上班的时候。句中已经有了谓语动词stand，后面只能用非谓语动词作状语，因为 Jack's wife与dress之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词短语作伴随状语。
13．(2017·江苏省高考名校联考)Hardly ________ to give his lecture when the audience in the lecture hall interrupted him.
A．did he begin B．he began
C．had he begun D．he had begun
解析：选C　考查倒装和时态。句意：他刚开始发表演讲，报告厅里的听众就打断了他。在hardly ... when ...“刚……就……，一……就……”句型中，主句通常用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时；而hardly位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。
14．(2017·江苏省四星级学校4月联考)—Jane said everyone lowered their heads, without saying a word at the beginning of your party; then was there one who ________？
—Johnny told a joke and made us burst out laughing.
A．gave you enough rope B．broke the ice
C．crossed the line D．skated on thin ice
解析：选B　考查习语辨析。句意：“简说一开始在你们的聚会上每个人都低着头，一言不发。那么有人打破了僵局吗？”“约翰尼讲了个笑话，逗得我们突然大笑起来。”break the ice“打破沉默，打破僵局”，符合语境。give sb.enough rope“放任自由，任其为所欲为”；cross the line“跨过线，做得太过分了”；skate on thin ice“如履薄冰，身历险境”。
15．(2017·江苏省高三六校联考)—Have you got any paper on you?
—________， but I have none at all.
A．I mean it B．I wouldn't say no
C．I beg to differ D．I hate to say this
解析：选D　考查交际用语。句意：“你身上有纸吗？”“我不愿这么说，但我一张纸也没有。”I hate to say this“我不愿这么说”，是委婉的否定表达法，符合句意。I mean it“我说真的，我是认真的”；I wouldn't say no“我不会拒绝的”；I beg to differ“恕我不同意”。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2017·江苏省高考名校联考)What do you give the woman who has everything? My mother is eighty­two. There is __16__ she doesn't buy for herself throughout the year. When we ask what she would like, her __17__ answer is always “Nothing！” So, every year our family has __18__ in finding and giving her just the __19__ gift.
Mom has always been a good cook and food is something she truly __20__. We often share recipes. One day, I found she was watching the__21__ channel all day. Then it __22__ me that for the next gift­giving occasion I could present my mom with __23__ to a cooking class that she and I would __24__ together.
During these classes, my mom and I have enjoyed many hours with skilled chefs. And we __25__ our ideas and techniques, and as I realized, we shared a connection, making me __26__ that her old and true cooking ways could have been __27__ to me, had I not initiated (开始) these classes. It has also __28__ me that many of my mom's family specialties have never been recorded. I gave her every __29__ to put down these recipes for all of us. Many of her best dishes always __30__ “a little of this and a little of that”. I couldn't __31__ that my “little” and hers would be different, and __32__ I had her include preparation instructions for perfect results in these recipes. Everything could have been unavailable to us __33__ we had not ventured down this path of cooking classes __34__ each other.
We may not really cook together, but through classes and recipes, food has become a special __35__ we look forward to sharing.

16．A.something B．anything
C．everything D．nothing
解析：选D　根据上文中的“What do you give the woman who has everything？”及下文中的“ ... answer is always ‘Nothing！’”可知，作者的母亲一年到头能用到的东西她都买了，即没有什么东西是她没买的，故选nothing。
17．A.distinctive B．temporary
C．standard D．optimistic
解析：选C　根据语境可知，每次作者他们问母亲想要什么礼物时，母亲的标准答案永远是“没有什么(想要的)”。standard“标准的”，符合语境。
18．A.pleasure B．confidence
C．difficulty D．experience
解析：选C　根据上文中的“ ... When we ask what she would like, her __17__ answer is always ‘Nothing！’”可知，作者的母亲什么也不缺，什么也不想要，因此每年作者他们都很难为母亲找到合适的礼物并赠送给她。have difficulty in doing sth.是固定用法，表示“做某事方面有困难”。
19．A.valuable B．right
C．unique D．personal
解析：选B　参见上题解析。right“合适的，恰当的”，符合语境。
20．A.purchases B．appreciates
C．desires D．digests
解析：选B　根据上文中的“Mom has always been a good cook ...”及下文的内容可知，母亲一直都是个好厨师，(烹饪)食物真的是她所看重的事情。appreciate“欣赏，重视”，符合语境。
21．A.cooking B．health
C．travel D．shopping
解析：选A　根据上文中的“Mom has always been a good cook and food is something she truly ...”可知，此处指母亲一整天都在看烹饪频道，故选cooking。
22．A.struck B．impressed
C．informed D．assured
解析：选A　根据语境可知，看到母亲一直在看烹饪频道，作者突然有了一个想法。strike“突然想到，一下子想起”，符合语境。
23．A.reference B．attachment
C．reaction D．access
解析：选D　作者突然想到下次赠送礼物的时候会让母亲有机会和自己一起去上烹饪课。access“机会，权利”，符合语境。
24．A.design B．attend
C．finish D．arrange
解析：选B　参见上题解析。根据语境可知，选B项。
25．A.exchanged B．explored
C．polished D．assessed
解析：选A　作者和母亲在烹饪课上交流了她们的烹饪想法和烹饪技巧。exchange“交流，交换”，符合语境。
26．A.admit B．promise
C．realize D．complain
解析：选C　作者与母亲的交流让作者意识到，假如她没有开始上这些课程，母亲过去的、真正的烹饪方法很可能就会失传。realize“意识到”，符合语境。
27．A.different B．beneficial
C．available D．lost
解析：选D　参见上题解析。根据语境可知，选D项。
28．A.convinced B．reminded
C．bothered D．advised
解析：选B　这也提醒作者，母亲的许多家庭特色菜的菜谱并没有被记录下来。remind“提醒，使想起”，符合语境。
29．A.reason B．opportunity
C．encouragement D．privilege
解析：选C　根据前面提到的母亲的许多家庭特色菜菜谱没有被记录下来的内容可知，此处指作者给予母亲充分的鼓励以让她为他们把这些菜谱记下来。encouragement“鼓励”，符合语境。privilege“特权，特殊待遇”。
30．A.made for B．took in
C．set aside D．picked up
解析：选B　母亲的许多菜肴通常会包含一点这，一点那。take in“包括，包含”，符合语境。make for“促成”；set aside“省出，留出”；pick up“学会，找到”。
31．A.pretend B．believe
C．risk D．guarantee
解析：选C　作者不能冒着母亲的做菜方法和自己的不一样的风险，即作者不能冒母亲的做菜方法失传的风险，因此作者就让母亲写下准备工作的指导说明，以便能完美呈现这些菜肴。risk“冒险”，符合语境。
32．A.however B．therefore
C．besides D．otherwise
解析：选B　参见上题解析。根据语境可知，选B项。
33．A.when B．if
C．since D．though
解析：选B　如果作者和母亲没有去上烹饪课，那么作者他们可能就无法得到(有关母亲烹饪的)一切。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”，故选if。
34．A.on behalf of B．in honor of
C．with regard to D．in company with
解析：选D　根据上文中的“a cooking class that she and I would __24__ together”“During these classes, my mom and I ...”可知，作者是陪母亲一起去上烹饪课的，故in company with“与……一起”符合语境。
35．A.bond B．inspiration
C．influence D．guidance
解析：选A　实际上，作者和母亲可能不在一起做饭，但通过这些课程和菜谱，食物已经成了她们期待去分享的特殊纽带。bond“纽带，关系”，符合语境。上文中的“as I realized, we shared a connection”亦是提示。

英语知识运用组合练(六)
(限时35分钟)
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2017·江苏省高考名校联考)I ______ to the movies if I had known you were going to.
A．went　　　　　　　　 B．had gone
C．would go D．would have gone
解析：选D　考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我早知道你要去看电影，我也会去的。根据句意可知，此处表示与过去事实相反的情况，主句应用would have done结构。故选D。
2．(2017·江苏省高三六校联考)Over the past five years, the Chinese government ________ addressing PM2.5, which is the most critical pollutant for public health.
A．have focused on B．has been focused on
C．have been focusing on D．has been focusing on
解析：选D　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的五年中，中国政府一直在致力于解决PM2.5的问题，它对于大众的健康是最危险的污染物。由句子中的时间状语“Over the past five years”和句意可知，此处表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去，应该用现在完成进行时；句子的主语是the Chinese government，谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故选D。
3．(2017·江苏省四星级学校4月联考)Only through constant practice can a magician master the ________ and perform it in front of the audience.
A．criterion B．knowledge
C．rule D．trick
解析：选D　考查名词辨析。句意：只有经过不断的练习，魔术师才能掌握(魔术)戏法，在观众面前进行表演。trick“戏法，把戏”，符合语境。criterion“标准”；knowledge“知识”；rule“规则”。
4．(2017·江苏省高考名校联考)Although the final amount is not exactly in agreement with the estimate, it is ________ our expectation. The difference is insignificant.
A．in contrast with B．in contact with
C．in line with D．in conflict with
解析：选C　考查介词短语辨析。句意：尽管最终的数据和预计的不完全一样，但是符合我们的预期。区别已经不太重要。in line with“与……一致”，符合句意。in contrast with“与……形成对比”；in contact with“接触；与……有联系”；in conflict with“与……冲突”。
5．(2017·江苏省高考名校联考)You should keep your promise unless we ________ of you giving away the plan to the public.
A．dream B．approve
C．consist D．complain
解析：选B　考查动词辨析。句意：你应该遵守你的诺言，除非我们同意你向公众透露该计划。approve of“同意……”，故选B项。
6．(2017·江苏省重点中学高三一模)—My mother is addicted to TV soap operas.
—So is mine. I wonder what ________ them so much.
A．appeals to B．beats down
C．brings back D．calls in
解析：选A　考查动词短语辨析。句意：“我妈妈迷上了肥皂剧。”“我妈妈也是，我想知道是什么如此吸引她们。”appeal to“吸引”，符合语境。beat down“击败”；bring back“使回忆起，使想起”；call in“召集”。
7．(2017·江苏省高考名校联考)—The sports meet has been cancelled this year.
—Really? What a pity! We ________ it.
A．would be expecting B．have been expecting
C．will expect D．had expected
解析：选B　考查动词的时态。句意：“今年的运动会已经被取消了。”“真的吗？真遗憾！我们一直在期待着它。”根据答语可知，应用现在完成进行时表示“期待”的动作刚刚结束。
8．(2017·徐州高三调研)—Your brother has a natural gift for language learning.
—True. He ________ over 1,000 words by the time he was seven.
A．mastered B．was mastering
C．has mastered D．had mastered
解析：选D　考查动词的时态。句意：“你弟弟有一种与生俱来的学习语言的天赋。”“的确，他到七岁时，已经掌握了1 000 多个单词。”by the time在句中引导时间状语从句，且主句的动作在从句的动作发生之前已完成，表示“过去的过去”，故主句谓语应用过去完成时。
9．(2017·江苏省高考名校联考)The little monkey，______ mother was killed by a truck, is being taken good care of by an old man.
A．which B．where
C．whose D．that
解析：选C　考查定语从句。句意：这只小猴子正由一位老人细心照料，它的母亲被一辆卡车撞死了。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词The little monkey，且关系词在从句中作定语修饰mother，表示“它的”，故选whose。
10．(2017·江苏省高三六校联考)I think ______ Aesop was suggesting is ________ when you offer a good turn to another human being, one can hope that good deed will come back and sort of pay a profit to you, the doer of the good deed.
A．which; that B．that; that
C．what; that D．that; what
解析：选C　考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，第一空引导主语从句，并在从句中作suggesting的宾语，表示“……的东西”，故用what；第二空引导表语从句，从句的意思和成分完整，故用that。
11．(2017·常州一中高三一模)________ there are food materials that can be found throughout China, the cuisine varies from region to region.
A．When B．Since
C．While D．Unless
解析：选C　考查状语从句。句意：虽然食物材料遍及中国各地，但烹饪方式却因地而异。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管，虽然”，故用While。
12．(2017·江苏省高考名校联考)________ your advertisement in yesterday's newspaper, I am interested in applying for the post of tour leader.
A．On behalf of　　　　　 B．In charge of
C．In response to D．With reference to
解析：选D　考查介词短语辨析。句意：关于你们在昨天的报纸上刊登的广告，我有兴趣申请旅游领队这个职位。with reference to“关于”，符合语境。on behalf of“代表”；in charge of“掌管”；in response to“作为对……的回复”。
13．(2017·南京高三调研)He seems ________ on it for days, for it is almost finished.
A．to work B．to have worked
C．having worked D．working
解析：选B　考查非谓语动词。句意：他似乎已经工作数日了，因为工作几乎快要做完了。根据语境，work先于谓语动词seem发生，且与其逻辑主语He之间是主动关系，因此用不定式的完成式。故选B。
14．(2017·江苏省高考名校联考)—Why did you reject that gentleman's offer? That's a good opportunity.
—Can't you see it's ________？ It'll make me suffer a lot.
A．an Irish bull B．an Achilles' heel
C．Dutch courage D．a Greek gift
解析：选D　考查习语辨析。句意：“你为什么拒绝了那位先生的提议呢？那是个好机会。”“你没看出来他不安好心吗？这将会使我受苦颇多。”Irish bull“自相矛盾的说法，荒唐可笑的说法”；Achilles' heel“致命弱点”；Dutch courage“酒后之勇”；Greek gift“图谋害人的礼物”。根据句意可知，选D项。
15．(2017·淮安高三5月信息卷)—Who do you think will be in charge of our class during Mr. Wang's absence?
—I don't know. ________ I am not particular about teachers.
A．It can't be helped. B．It all depends.
C．It makes no difference. D．It won't hurt to ask.
解析：选C　考查交际用语。句意：“你认为王老师不在时，谁会负责我们班？”“我不知道。(是谁都)没有什么影响，我对老师不挑剔。” It can't be helped“无法避免，没办法”；It all depends“视情况而定”；It makes no difference“没有影响”；It won't hurt to ask“问一下也无妨”。根据句意可知选C。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2017·扬州高三一模)Ten years ago, a doctor told me something was wrong with my lung and I had to give up work at once and went to bed. I was totally __16__ and felt I was suddenly placed under __17__ of death with an indefinite reprieve (缓刑). After careful thought, I __18__ my affairs; then I went home and got into bed. But 2 years later, I left my bed and __19__ the long climb back. It was another year __20__ I made it.
I speak of this experience because these past years have __21__ me what to value and what to believe. I __22__ now that this world is not my oyster (牡蛎) to be opened but my __23__ to be grasped.
I've also learned that it's necessary to __24__ those little, all­important things I never thought I would __25__ before: the music of the wind in my favorite pine tree, the __26__ of sunlight on running water. I seem now, with some of the __27__ freshness of childhood, to hear and see. How well, __28__， I recall the touch of the earth the day I first stepped upon it after the years in bed. It was like __29__ one's citizenship in a world one had nearly lost.
Frequently, I __30__ myself that I need make notes of this __31__ I'm living in now, because in it I'm well, __32__， doing what I like best. It won't always be like this, __33__ I'll make the most of it and be grateful. I __34__ all this to that long time spent in bed. Wiser people come to this __35__ without having to acquire it the hard way. But I wasn't wise enough. I'm wiser now, a little, and happier.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。一场重病让作者明白了什么是人生中最重要的东西。因此他对自己当下所拥有的倍加珍惜，并心存感激。
16．A.confused B．shocked
C．inspired D．annoyed
解析：选B　根据上文中的“Ten years ago, a doctor told me something was wrong with my lung and I had to give up work at once and went to bed.”可知，当被告知自己的肺部出了问题且不得不立即放弃工作卧床休息时作者感到非常震惊(shocked)。
17．A.trial B．pressure
C．sentence D．control
解析：选C　作者突然觉得自己好像是被判了死缓一样。根据语境尤其是下文的“with an indefinite reprieve(缓刑)”可知，此处应选sentence“宣判，判刑”。under sentence of death“被判处死刑”。
18．A.made up B．set up
C．took up D．cleared up
解析：选D　仔细思考之后，作者把手头的事务处理掉，然后回家了。根据上文中的“I had to give up work at once and went to bed”可知，clear up“解决，清理”，符合语境。
19．A.recalled B．began
C．avoided D．accepted
解析：选B　两年后，作者离开了病床，开始(began)了漫长的重回之前的生活状态的“攀登”。
20．A.when B．after
C．since D．before
解析：选D　过了一年，作者就做到了。It was/is＋一段时间＋before ...是固定句型，意为“过了……才/就……”。
21．A.assigned B．taught
C．treated D．assured
解析：选B　作者谈及这段经历是因为那些过去的岁月教会(taught)了作者应该珍惜什么，相信什么。
22．A.admit B．demand
C．expect D．realize
解析：选D　现在作者意识到(realize)这个世界不是等待他去打开的牡蛎，而是需要他去抓住的机会。
23．A.knowledge B．opportunity
C．attention D．point
解析：选B　参见上题解析。grasp the opportunity“抓住机会”，是固定搭配。
24．A.dismiss B．list
C．define D．appreciate
解析：选D　作者也学会了欣赏(appreciate)那些不起眼的但却很重要的东西，而作者之前从未想过自己会去注意这些东西。dismiss“不予理会，不予考虑”；list“列举”；define“给……下定义，解释”。
25．A.notice B．record
C．remember D．track
解析：选A　参见上题解析。notice“注意到”，符合语境。
26．A.shadow B．shake
C．play D．feeling
解析：选C　根据上文中的“the music of the wind in my favorite pine tree”和下文中的“I seem now ... to hear and see”可知，此处指的应是作者以前不会注意到的东西。play“轻快变幻的动作，闪烁”，the play of sunlight on running water“阳光在水面上的闪烁”。
27．A.damaged B．recovered
C．faded D．changed
解析：选B　作者重新找回了童年时期看待事物的新鲜感。recovered“重新获得的，重新找到的”，符合语境。
28．A.in contrast B．in return
C．for instance D．by chance
解析：选C　比如，回想起自己卧床两年后重新踏上这片土地的感觉有多好。for instance“比如，例如”，符合语境。
29．A.maintaining B．regaining
C．discovering D．forgetting
解析：选B　这就像在世界中重新获得差点失去的公民身份一样。regain“重新得到”和下文的“lost”相对应。
30．A.remind B．promise
C．advise D．convince
解析：选A　作者经常提醒自己要记下这个自己现在生活的时刻，因为活在此刻，作者是健康且快乐的，而且能做自己最喜欢做的事情。remind“提醒”，符合语境。
31．A.country B．moment
C．memory D．inspiration
解析：选B　参见上题解析。moment“时刻”，符合语境。
32．A.pleased B．courageous
C．confident D．strong
解析：选A　参见第30题解析。下文中的“I'm wiser now, a little, and happier”亦是提示。
33．A.meanwhile B．otherwise
C．however D．therefore
解析：选D　它不会总是如这般存在，因此作者会充分利用它并心存感激。上下文之间是因果关系，故用therefore。
34．A.apply B．owe
C．contribute D．adapt
解析：选B　作者将这一切都归功于他卧病在床的那段漫长时光。owe ... to ...“把……归功于……”，是固定用法。
35．A.awareness B．agreement
C．comment D．compromise
解析：选A　更有智慧的人无需被困到如此境地也能明白这些道理。awareness“意识，明白”符合语境。