2018年高考英语江苏专版二轮专题复习三维训练：阅读理解试卷 Word版含答案

这是一份2018年高考英语江苏专版二轮专题复习三维训练：阅读理解试卷 Word版含答案，共35页。
阅读理解组合练(一)
(限时30分钟)
A
(2017·江苏省名校高三入学摸底卷)
Version Control
by Dexter Palmer
Rebecca, the main character, has the funny feeling that something is wrong with her world, where selfdriving cars fill the roads and her husband is obsessed with building a time machine. It's a world much like ours, which is part of the brilliance of Version Control, which by holding up a science­fictional mirror to our reality, reflects back something more truthful.
The Regional Office Is
Under Attack!
by Manuel Gonzales
The first novel from acclaimed short fiction writer Manuel Gonzales, records the secret history of the Regional Office, an organization composed of superpowered female assassins (刺客) and the mysterious powers that manage them. Combining joyous comic book verve (神韵) with masterful literary craft and a keen sense of character, it is a rare and special beast indeed.

Rebel of the Sands
by Alwyn Hamilton
Mortals rule the desert nation of Miraji, but mythical beasts still wander the wilds and wastes, and rumor has it that somewhere，djinns (神灵) still practice their magic. But there's nothing mystical or magical about Dustwalk that Amani can't wait to escape from. Amani counts on her sharp shooting skills to get her out of Dustwalk. What she doesn't expect is that a handsome and mysterious stranger will join her on her way.
What Is Not Yours
Is Not Yours
by Helen Oyeyemi
Keys are an important point in Oyeyemi's fantastic short stories — the literal keys that unlock a house, a library, or a mysterious diary; the metaphorical keys that open hearts, secrets, and fates. In the book, the stories are linked thematically by keys of all kinds. Whichever you are reading, these stories have you diving in and surfacing somewhere else — delightfully, unexpectedly — altogether.


1．What do the four books have in common?
A．The main characters are all females.
B．They all reflect the dark side of society.
C．They all belong to fantastic fiction.
D．They adopt many advanced literary skills.
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据文中的“where self­driving cars fill the roads ...holding up a science­fictional mirror to our reality”“an organization composed of superpowered female assassins (刺客) and the mysterious powers that manage them”“Mortals rule the desert nation of Miraji ...djinns (神灵) still practice their magic”“Keys are an important point in Oyeyemi's fantastic short stories”可知，这四本小说都属于奇幻小说。
2．Which of the following consists of a collection of stories around a theme?
A．Version Control.
B．The Regional Office Is Under Attack!
C．Rebel of the Sands.
D．What Is Not Yours Is Not Yours.
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据最后一本书的简介中的“In the book, the stories are linked thematically by keys of all kinds.”可知，在这本书中，所有故事都是由各种各样的钥匙联系起来的，故选D项。
B
(2017·江苏省名校高三入学摸底卷)More people live close to sea coast than earlier estimated, assess researchers in a new study. These people are the most sensitive to the rise of sea level as well as to the increased number of floods and intensified (加剧的) storms. By using recent increased resolution datasets, Aalto University researchers estimate that 1.9 billion inhabitants, or about 26% of the world's total population, live closer than 100km from the coast in areas less than 100 meters above present sea level. By 2050 the amount of people in that zone is predicted to increase to 2.4 billion, while population living lower than 5 meters will reach 500 million. Many of these people need to adapt their livelihood to changing climate, says Assistant Professor Matti Kummu from Aalto University.
The study found that while population and wealth concentrate by the sea, crops must be grown further and further away from where people live. So highlands and mountain areas are increasingly important from this point of view.
Over the past century there has been a clear tendency that cropland and pasture (牧场) areas have grown mostly in areas outside the population hotspots and decreased in coastal areas. This will most probably only continue in the future, adds Professor Olli Varis from Aalto University.
Even though people and wealth continue to accumulate in coastal areas, their growth is even faster in inland and mountainous areas, the study reveals. This contradicts the existing studies. In the future, the world will be less diverse in terms of urbanization and economic output, when assessing it from a geospatial (地理空间) point of view.
For the analysis, researchers used several global gridded (网格化的) datasets. They first created geographical zoning in relation to the elevation and proximity to coast. This was then used to study the factors included in the study, which were grouped into five clusters: climate, population, agriculture, economy, and impact on the environment. For the factors with temporal extent, the researchers also assessed their development over a time period of 1900 － 2050.

3．What can be known about those living close to sea coast?
A．They will survive sea level rise.
B．They have been accustomed to sea level rise.
C．They suffer more floods than storms.
D．They are most easily affected by sea level rise.
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“These people are the most sensitive ...intensified (加剧的) storms.”可知，这些人最容易受到海平面上升所带来的影响。
4．Why will highlands and mountain areas become more important?
A．Because they will provide food for coastal areas.
B．Because the population there will increase quickly.
C．Because they will be less affected by sea level rise.
D．Because they offer people a greener lifestyle.
解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，尽管人口和财富在海边聚集，但种植作物的地方必须离人们居住的地方越来越远，而正是基于该原因，高地和山区才变得越来越重要，故选A。
5．What is the writing purpose of the passage?
A．To analyze factors contributing to climate change.
B．To tell people potential effects of sea level rise.
C．To call on people to take measures to stop sea level rise.
D．To increase people's awareness of environmental protection.
解析：选B　写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文旨在让人们知道海平面的上升给全球带来的潜在影响。故选B。
C
(2017·江苏省苏北四市高三期末联考)With Apple's iPhone 7 and Google's new Pixel phones putting such an emphasis on powerful camera technology, smartphone photography is more powerful than ever. And while phones typically have great built­in photography apps, many other options can be easier or expand your range.
ProCamera is an excellent option for iOS devices. Using this app feels like raising a single­lens reflex camera (单反相机) to your eye. With a few taps on the screen, you can display a grid to help compose a shot properly and a guide to warn if your composition is tilted (倾斜的). You can also control the white balance and bring up a live histogram (直方图) that shows how strong the colors in the final photo will be. There are quick­access buttons to shoot in video, photo, high dynamic range or other modes and there's even a bar code scanner option. Most impressive is ProCamera's anti­shake feature, which waits for you to stop moving before it activates the shutter. In the settings menu, you can control most of the app's features and select how much compression is applied to the final saved images. In other words, the app gives users professional­level control of an image.
Because of its complexity, ProCamera takes a while to get used to, and the exact features depend on which iPhone you have. The app costs $5 and some features, like a low­light mode to help shoot better pictures at night, are upgrades that cost a few dollars each. It's definitely worth it.
On Android, one app equivalent to ProCamera is Camera FV­5. This app also feels like using a single­lens reflex camera, with similar manual control. Camera FV­5 includes features like a live histogram, burst mode shooting, exposure bracketing and time­lapse imagery. It also offers choices over the kind of files it saves to your device, and has a comprehensive settings page. Unlike some other Android camera apps, Camera FV­5 has a professional­looking and easy­to­use interface. It costs $4.
To edit a perfect portrait or landscape photo, Adobe's software is the choice of professional photographers. There is a version for mobile devices too — Adobe Photoshop Fix — which lets you heal an image's defect, adjust shadow intensity, fix the contrast or add effects. Mastering the features of Photoshop Fix will take time, but your final images don't look too artificial with the application of Photoshop Fix. Its interface is sometimes confusing, but the app has built­in help and, best of all, is free for both iOS and Android.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了三款可以用在智能手机上的图片处理应用软件。
6．What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?
A．To introduce some powerful smartphone photography apps.
B．To advertise some apps for your smartphone photography.
C．To show the features of some built­in apps of photography.
D．To promote advanced camera technology of smartphones.
解析：选A　作者意图题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了三款供智能手机使用的图片处理应用软件：ProCamera, Camera FV­5以及Adobe Photoshop Fix。故选A。
7．What can we learn about ProCamera?
A．It can be a single­lens reflex camera to your eye.
B．It can adjust the light effects of the final image.
C．It can be updated automatically upon the purchase.
D．It can inform users of images being too complex.
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段第四句话可知，用户使用这款软件处理图片的话，可以控制最终成像的颜色亮度，即可以调节最终图片的光效。故选B。
8．The underlined word “equivalent” in Paragraph 4 means “________”．
A．comparable　　　　　　 B．familiar
C．relevant D．suited
解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据第二段中讲述的ProCamera的软件属性及第四段中讲述的Camera FV­5的软件特点可知，画线词所在句表示的是Camera FV­5和ProCamera的软件功能相同，画线词意为“相同的”，故选A。
9．If you want to make your photo true­to­life, you turn to ________.
A．anti­shake technology B．Adobe's software
C．a live histogram D．built­in help
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句话中的“but your final images don't look too artificial with the application of Photoshop Fix”可知，用Adobe的软件Photoshop Fix处理的图片显得更加真实，故选B。
D
(2017·苏州市高三调研测试)Nelle Harper Lee, better known by her pen name Harper Lee, was an American novelist widely known for To Kill a Mockingbird, published in 1960. Immediately successful, it won the 1961 Pulitzer Prize and has become a classic of modern American literature. In 1991 an organization conducted a survey that made readers identify books that had “made a difference” in their lives. The result? Lee's book trailed only The Bible. Alongside the works of Shakespeare and Twain, this novel remains one of the most widely taught books nationwide, reaching about 70% of American public schools. What makes it such a typical read for young people?
English class is a place where young Americans come to know themselves. In the folds of dusty books, students can make contact with humanity beyond the shallow small talk of the school hallways. Disturbed by hormones and anxiety, teenagers get through school with confusion and frustration. Literature is a safety valve (安全阀) — it promises relief, a place to figure out one's problems and get to know oneself better.
The novel particularly distinguishes itself in this aspect. It speaks in a child's voice without treating its readership as children. Some critics have called it an “impossible” achievement, a children's book penned by a well­educated adult — it's unlikely that a child like Scout could exist in the real world. But that's exactly what makes it such a charming, attractive read for young people. It indicates the consciousness of a well­educated adult facing difficult realities, but describes it through the light and playful voice of a curious little girl.
Gaby Hick, a third­year student focused on English literature at Brown University, calls it “one of the first books that kids and young adults read and that deal with serious issues — rape, race, mental issues”. She adds, “The story makes these adult themes accessible because of Scout.” The book's setting, a small town in Alabama affected by the Great Depression of the 1930s, may appear very different from the experience of most kids reading it today. But Lee's words make her story feel alive and present.
In 2006, however, critic Thomas Mallon expressed his regret about the book's avoiding moral complexity in The New Yorker. But her novel makes a great teaching tool for teenagers precisely because its moral view is as clear as that of one of Aesop's fables. That absence of ambiguity in this novel doesn't mean the novel is free of challenging ideas, either. Will Serratelli, another literature student at Brown says, “There aren't many hard moral questions being asked ... but it opens up all these other questions that I hadn't thought about before. My English teachers always asked, ‘Do you sympathize with this character? Would you want to hang out with them? ’ When you give a kid a book where those questions don't even need to be asked, it_forces_them_to_dig_deeper.”
Mallon's criticism is accurate in that this novel may present too limited a view of racism in America. That's especially problematic because it is one of the only books consistently assigned to American students that acknowledge racial discrimination at all. However, To Kill a Mockingbird may owe some of its popularity as a teaching text to the fact that the narrative voice is a white one. Naomi Varnis, an African Studies student at Brown says, “It's another practice of telling stories about black people through white central characters.”
While the novel is undoubtedly worth its place in the classroom, English teachers may do well to consider that it is a white author's perspective — and ought to be the only beginning of a dialogue about race and never the final word. But as a gateway to more mature ideas, and as a YA (young adult) distillation (提炼) of complex concepts young people may not have grasped before, Lee's novel is invaluable.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了美国著名小说家哈珀·李及人们对她的作品的一些看法。
10．According to the passage, the novel To Kill a Mockingbird can help us ________.
A．know more about the past US economic situation
B．understand what the real personality of humans is
C．reduce much anxiety for fear of losing ourselves
D．find and deal with some other complicated questions
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句可知，由于受到荷尔蒙和焦虑的困扰，青少年们在学校里感到困惑和沮丧。文学是一个安全阀，它给人们提供慰藉，能帮助人们发现自身的问题并更好地了解自己。故答案为C。
11．What does the underlined word “trailed” most probably mean in Paragraph 1?
A．Was as good as.
B．Tried hard to defeat.
C．Went along the same route as.
D．Had a lower score than.
解析：选D　词义猜测题。根据画线词下文中的“Alongside the works of Shakespeare and Twain ... reaching about 70% of American public schools.”可知，连同莎士比亚和马克·吐温的作品一起，这部小说在全国被广泛用于教学中，大约70%的美国公立学校在使用这部小说。显然这部小说是很重要的，再结合画线词所在句中的“only”可知，此处指这部小说只是“落后于”《圣经》，也就是指得分比《圣经》少。trail在此处作动词，意为“落后”。
12．What can we conclude from Will Serratelli's statement underlined in Paragraph 5?
A．The kids are motivated to think further.
B．The kids have to face more moral questions.
C．The kids tend to sympathize with the characters.
D．The kids are unwilling to answer challenging questions.
解析：选A　句意理解题。根据第五段中的“There aren't many hard moral questions being asked ... but it opens up all these other questions that I hadn't thought about before.”可知，这部小说中并没有提出很多高深的道德问题，但是针对其他问题这部小说提供了开放空间。显然这部小说培养了学生进一步思考的能力。再结合画线句的字面意思可知，此处表示激励孩子们更深刻地思考。故答案为A。
13．Why is the novel well received by teenagers in the US?
A．Because it reveals racial discrimination in America.
B．Because it makes some serious adult issues accessible.
C．Because a white author tells the stories about black people.
D．Because it is widely used as a tool for moral judgments in society.
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Some critics have called it an ‘impossible’ achievement ... voice of a curious little girl.”可知，一些评论家认为，这部小说是令人不可思议的佳作——它是由受过良好教育的成年人执笔的一本儿童读物，这正是这部小说魅力无穷、吸引众多年轻人阅读的原因。这部小说以充满好奇心的小女孩那轻快、玩味般的口吻道出了饱读诗书的成年人在面对着现实种种艰辛时产生的点滴感悟；再结合第四段中的“one of the first books that kids and young adults read and that deal with serious issues — rape, race, mental issues” “The story makes these adult themes accessible because of Scout.”可知，这部小说之所以在美国受到青少年的欢迎是因为其揭示了一些严肃的成人问题。
14．Who points out straight the shortcoming of the novel?
A．Thomas Mallon. B．Naomi Varnis.
C．Will Serratelli. D．Gaby Hick.
解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第五段第一句可知，批评家Thomas Mallon表达了他对这本书的遗憾，也就意味着他指出了这本书的缺点。
15．What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?
A．To tell us about the content of the novel.
B．To introduce some different comments.
C．To explain the reasons for its popularity.
D．To approve of the creative writing style.
解析：选C　作者意图题。通读全文，尤其是从文中的“it won the 1961 Pulitzer Prize and has become a classic of modern American literature” “The novel particularly distinguishes itself in this aspect.” “But that's exactly what makes it such a charming, attractive read for young people.” “While the novel is undoubtedly worth its place in the classroom” “But as a gateway to more mature ideas ... Lee's novel is invaluable.”等关键提示可以看出，作者写作本文主要是为了阐述To Kill a Mockingbird这部小说的成功以及其受到欢迎的原因。故答案选C。
阅读理解组合练(二)
(限时30分钟)
A
(2017·镇江市高三模拟考试)
Raise. me
Raise. me is a neutral platform that allows sponsors and colleges to award Micro­Scholarships to students based on Colleges' and/or Sponsors' award criteria.
By using the services, you should understand the following：
Connecting with Users：
·Educators may only connect with students from the schools or organizations that they serve, and may connect with an individual student only with that student's permission. Educators may also connect with colleges and sponsors via the services.
·Students may only connect with educators from their own schools and organizations, and may connect with an individual educator only with that educator's permission.
·Students may elect to follow sponsors via the services. Sponsors may only view the profiles (简介) of students who elect to follow them.
Qualifying for Micro­Scholarships：
·Students can earn Micro­Scholarships based on the courses and achievements they add to their profiles while they are in high school.
·Students may only be awarded Micro­Scholarships from colleges and sponsors that they follow before the applicable College's and/or Sponsor's “Follow Deadline” for their class year, which is a date set by each college and sponsor and stated on such college's or sponsor's page on the services. Once a College's or Sponsor's Follow Deadline has passed, students who are seniors in high school may not continue to earn Micro­Scholarships from such college or sponsor.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了美国的创业公司Raise.me通过自身的平台由赞助商和大学向学生提供微型奖学金的服务。
1．By using the services, both educators and students may ________.
A．connect with the schools or organizations at the same time
B．get in touch with each other with both sides' permission
C．connect with colleges and sponsors at the proper time
D．freely elect sponsors who elect to follow them
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Educators ... may connect with an individual student only with that student's permission.”和第四段“Students ... may connect with an individual educator only with that educator's permission.”可知，教师只有经过学生的允许才能跟他取得联系，而学生也只有经过教师的允许才能跟他取得联系。由此可知，教师和学生需经过双方的允许才能彼此联系。故选B项。
2．What are the qualifications for students to be awarded Micro­Scholarships?
A．Making academic achievements and meeting the “Follow Deadline”．
B．Making beautiful profiles and completing the required courses.
C．Setting an accurate date and meeting the “Follow Deadline”．
D．Continuing to contact sponsors and adding an academic achievement.
解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Students can earn Micro­Scholarships based on the courses and achievements ...”和第七段第一句中的“Students may only be awarded Micro­Scholarships ...‘Follow Deadline’ for their class year”可知，学生们基于课程和成绩可能会获得微型奖学金；在适用的大学和(或)赞助商的“后续截止日期”之前，学生可能会被授予来自大学和赞助商的微型奖学金。由此可知，学业成绩优秀并满足同“后续截止日期”相关的条件的学生有资格被授予微型奖学金。故选A项。
B
(2017·扬州市期末检测)Britain's housing crisis has reached a new peak with the average Londoner now needing a massive 14 times their annual salary to afford to buy in the capital. The research shows the crisis isn't limited to London either — many other cities, including Cambridge and Oxford, also have double­digit price to earnings ratios (比率). Across the UK as a whole, people now need on average six­and­a­half times their annual salary to buy their own home.
As a result of being unable to afford to buy in the southern cities, families are being forced to move out to areas where house prices are lower. But this is putting increasing pressure on prices in cities such as Manchester and Birmingham where house price inflation is set to rocket. “Regional cities have more attractive affordability levels and house prices have a significant potential upside for growth in the near term subject to (受……支配) the outlook for the economy，” Richard Donnell from Hometrack said.
In a bid to ease the increasing pressure in the Britain's housing market, earlier this week Chancellor of the Exchequer Philip Hammond released a new Housing Infrastructure Fund which the government hopes will support the construction of 100,000 new homes in areas which “need them most”. But Donnell said: “These measures focus on the longer term challenges of addressing housing supply and will have limited impact on the current situation of housing affordability, which will be decided by market forces and households' expectations for jobs and the cost of borrowing.”
While mortgage (抵押贷款) rates are at their lowest ever level, making it cheap to borrow, it seems fewer people are being approved for a loan. Yesterday the British Bankers' Association published figures showing that mortgage approvals were 10 per cent down in October from a year earlier. Fewer approvals and the continuing squeeze on affordability are pushing an increasing number of would­be homeowners out of the market.
Communities Secretary Sajid Javid said: “We have been clear that we need to build a lot more homes if we are to achieve a country that works for everyone. That is why we are announcing the biggest housing investment in a generation to step up house building. With a doubling in capital spending, we are stimulating (刺激) the market needs for a step change in the number of homes being built in the places people want to live.”

3．What is the present condition of the house price in the UK?
A．People in some places need to pay over ten times price to earnings ratios to buy houses.
B．The British still feel affordability is under their control despite the price increase.
C．Facing the price increase, more and more people are rushing to buy houses.
D．Now people have to pay six­and­a­half times the previous house price.
解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第一段的“14 times their annual salary”“double­digit price to earnings ratios (比率)”等数据可知A项正确。
4．It can be inferred from Richard Donnell's words that ________.
A．people in regional cities will burden more pressure of moving out
B．people in regional cities would choose to build rockets rather than houses
C．house prices in regional cities have the potential for increase
D．house prices in regional cities will turn economic growth upside down
解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Regional cities have more attractive affordability levels and house prices have a significant potential upside for growth”可知，区域城市的房价有上涨的可能，所以选C。
5．According to the passage, the effective solution to the housing crisis is ________.
A．to lower the mortgage rates
B．to promote housing construction
C．to increase citizens' earnings
D．to move people to regional cities
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据最后一段的“build a lot more homes” “announcing the biggest housing investment in a generation to step up house building”和“a step change in the number of homes being built”可以看出，解决住房危机的最有效的方法是“促进住房建设(promote housing construction)”。所以选B。
C
(2017·苏、锡、常、镇四市高三调研)Scientists should be allowed to change a person's DNA in ways that will be passed on to future generations, but only to prevent serious and strongly heritable (遗传) diseases, according to a new report from the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Medicine. However, making changes to these genes in order to improve or change traits such as strength, intelligence or beauty should remain off­limits, the report authors concluded.
Changing the so­called germline (种系) is illegal in the United States. It has largely been considered ethically off­limits here as well, at least while bioethicists and scientists considered the unforeseen effects and unexamined moral dilemmas of using new gene­editing technologies.
However, scientists have moved forward aggressively to explore the possibility of changing disease genes in other adult human cells with a revolutionary technique known as CRISPR­Cas9. It is widely believed that gene editing of this sort could treat patients with metabolic (新陈代谢的) disorders, certain cancers, and a range of other diseases that arise from genetic mutations (突变) — without changing the germline.
Last year, Chinese scientists launched a trial that uses CRISPR­Cas9 in a treatment for lung cancer. While the trial's outcome is awaited with high anticipation, scientists outside China have expressed concern that ethical reservations in the United States and Europe will put them at a disadvantage.
CRISPR­Cas9 makes gene editing more straightforward, more precise and far more widespread.As such, the National Academies' report acknowledges that changing heritable DNA in eggs, sperm and early embryos is fast becoming “a realistic possibility that deserves serious consideration”．
The 22­member panel of scientists and bioethicists who produced the report completed a comprehensive review of the issues raised by that prospect.
Clinical trials involving germline editing should only be pursued to treat diseases that cannot be improved with “reasonable alternatives”， the 22­member panel of scientists and bioethicists said. In addition, they added, scientists should convincingly demonstrate they are targeting a gene that either causes or strongly makes a carrier likely to suffer from a serious disease or condition, and that they have weighed the likely risks and benefits of changing that gene.
Finally, scientists should conduct long­term follow­up studies to know how gene editing affects the next generations. Public debate and discussion about the technology should continue, the panel added.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了基因编辑技术新的发展概况以及人们对此的一些担忧。
6．In what circumstances can scientists change a person's DNA?
A．Making a person look much younger.
B．Protecting future generations from some heritable diseases.
C．Using the most advanced gene­editing technologies.
D．Changing the germline for a better function.
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句中的“... only to prevent serious and strongly heritable (遗传) diseases”可知，在将防止把严重的、遗传性较强的疾病传给下一代作为出发点的前提下，科学家可以改变一个人的DNA，故B项正确。
7．What is the advantage of CRISPR­Cas9?
A．It can treat diseases more precisely without changing the germline.
B．It can successfully cure people of most deadly diseases.
C．It can change genes in adult human cells.
D．It can stop genetic mutations.
解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三段的内容，尤其是最后一句中的“without changing the germline”可知，CRISPR­Cas9这种基因编辑技术可以在不改变种系的情况下用于治疗疾病；再根据第五段的第一句“CRISPR­Cas9 makes gene editing more straightforward, more precise and far more widespread.”可知，CRISPR­Cas9这种基因编辑技术可以更为准确地治疗疾病。综上可知，A项正确。
8．What possible conclusion can be drawn according to the passage?
A．Future generations will live longer and become more intelligent.
B．Chinese scientists created CRISPR­Cas9 and put it into use.
C．The gene editing is strictly forbidden for moral dilemmas.
D．The gene editing research is still at the primary stage.
解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第二段及第五段的内容可知，基因编辑的技术(发展)在很大程度上受到了限制，且改变可遗传的DNA目前只是“一种值得认真考虑的现实可能性”；再结合第六段中的“prospect”、第七段中的“the likely risks and benefits of changing that gene”及最后一段的内容提示可推知，基因编辑的研究仍处于初级阶段，故D项正确。
9．What does this report mainly talk about?
A．A new gene­editing technology and concerns about it.
B．A germline­editing technology and approval for it.
C．Clinical trials of gene editing and social values of them.
D．Some germline clinical trials and scientific effects of them.
解析：选A　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一项名为CRISPR­Cas9的基因编辑新技术及人们对基因编辑技术的担忧，所以A项最能概括本文大意。
D
(2017·江苏省六市高三联考)About 15 years ago, I taught A Problem from Hell, a book on genocide (大屠杀), to a group of 18­ and 19­year­olds in a mid­west university in the US. In my class there was a young man who had spent his boyhood in Bosnia as NATO bombed his hometown. My other students, amazed by his connection to the genocide in the textbook, asked him what it was like to grow up in a war­zone. “A pretty normal childhood as you had here，” he said. “We played cards inside a lot, and when there was no bombing we kicked a ball in the street.”
In the past few years, the world has seen a rapid increase in refugees (难民), with the number hitting 60 million. Viet Thanh Nguyen's story collection The Refugees reminds us that literature is news that stays news. Set in the Vietnamese communities in California as well as in Vietnam, the stories do not aim to surprise us with new twists or shock us with wonderful details, as war and refugee stories could easily choose to do. Rather, like the young man from Bosnia, Nguyen's characters tell these stories because they are the only ones known to them.
Included in the collection are two of the most touching pieces, both about siblings (兄弟或姊妹) separated by geography and history. In Black­Eyed Women, the narrator (讲述人), a young Vietnamese woman, is visited by the ghost of her elder brother, who died young on the boat when the family took flight from the war. The tale of love and loss, violence and violation, may not be unfamiliar to the reader, but the determination of the brother's ghost (he has taken decades to swim across the Pacific to reach America) and the sister's abandoning herself to a half death make the story lasting.
As an echo, the closing story, Fatherland, explores a more complex situation between two siblings. The narrator, a young Vietnamese woman, meets her half­sister, visiting from the US for the first time. Adding to the tension is the fact that her father has named the narrator and her siblings after his first set of children. Two sisters, one American and one Vietnamese, yet named the same by the father — it may sound strange, but isn't it the fate many refugees have to face: a life left behind, that could have been theirs; and a life in an adopted country.
The theme of doubleness — choice and inevitability (不可避免性), home and homelessness, starting afresh and being stuck — is present not only in the stories of Vietnamese refugees, but also of those who have become refugees from their own homes and loved ones. “Smiling at your relatives never got you very far, but smiling at strangers and acquaintances sometimes did.”So a pilot, who fought in the Vietnam war and is now revisiting the country for the first time, thinks while waving at the locals from a tour bus. He's distant from his daughter, just as a Mexican American in the collection is distant from his wife, or a young man from Hong Kong is distant from his father.
The collection is full of refugees, whether from external or from a deeper, more internal conflict between even those who are closest to each other. With anger but not despair, with reconciliation (和解) but not unrealistic hope, and with genuine humour that is not used to insult anyone, Nguyen has breathed life into many unforgettable characters.

10．The first paragraph is intended to ________.
A．describe the boring life of war victims
B．appeal to the readers to help war victims
C．criticize NATO's killing of innocent people
D．introduce the story collection The Refugees
解析：选D　推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，第一段的主要作用是通过一个故事来引出下文。因此选D。
11.Which of the following about The Refugees is TRUE?
A．It tells the news in a literary form.
B．It is full of surprising twists and plots.
C．The author experiences the stories himself.
D．Its characters narrate their own stories.
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的最后一句话可知，本书中所有的故事都是由故事经历者本人亲口叙述的。所以选D。
12．How are Black­Eyed Women and Fatherland mainly developed?
A．By giving examples.　 B．By making contrasts.
C．By providing evidence. D．By making classifications.
解析：选B　写作手法题。根据第三段的最后一句话和第四段的最后一句话可知，这两个故事主要是通过对比的手法写的。因此选B。
13．We can infer from Paragraph 5 that ________.
A．relatives hate their loved ones for being left behind
B．separation from loved ones tends to make them distant
C．people become refugees due to their double character
D．smiling is a good way to keep loved ones together
解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第五段中的“but also of those who have become refugees from their own homes and loved ones”和“He's distant from his daughter, just as ...”可知，与所爱之人分离让人们变得疏远。
14．Which of the following is the theme of The Refugees?
A．Despair, suffering and regret.
B．Anger, humour and hope.
C．Sympathy, regret and reconciliation.
D．Dreams, hope and expectation.
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“With anger but not despair, with reconciliation (和解) but not unrealistic hope, and with genuine humour”可知，这本书的主题应该有愤怒、希望和幽默。
15．The Refugees mainly focuses on ________.
A．the problems of identity, love, and family for refugees
B．the miserable lives of refugees in the adopted countries
C．the refugees' reunion with their families after separation
D．the various reasons for people's being reduced to refugees
解析：选A　细节理解题。根据文章中有关这本书的介绍可知，这本书主要讲了难民们关于自我认同、爱与家庭的故事。故选A。

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A
(2017·苏、锡、常、镇四市高三调研)

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语篇解读：本文是一则广告，介绍了一家牙科诊所的先进技术、家庭式服务和便利设施等。
1．Who might be most interested in this advertisement?
A．Those who want to receive tooth treatment.
B．Those who want to become dentists.
C．Those who want to sell tooth medical equipment.
D．Those who want to write an article on tooth care.
解析：选A　推理判断题。根据文章内容尤其是第一段中的“going to the dentist”“Call me if you want gentle, affordable dental care.”可知，这则广告可能会吸引需要治疗牙齿的人。
2．According to the advertisement, those who may go to the dentist's are probably attracted by________.
A．free emergency treatment
B．cheapest natural­looking cosmetics
C．new dental technologies
D．discounted in­mouth camera examination
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“New dental technologies ... Other state­of­the­art advancements make your treatment completely comfortable”及Tomorrow's Dentistry Today部分的内容可知，新的牙科技术可能是其吸引人之处。
B
(2017·苏、锡、常、镇四市高三调研)With a presidential campaign, health care and the gun control debate in the news these days, one can't help getting sucked into the flame wars that are Internet comment threads. But psychologists say this addictive form of vitriolic (刻薄) back and forth should be avoided — or simply checked by online media outlets — because it actually damages society and mental health.
A perfect storm of factors comes together to cause the rudeness and aggression seen in the comments sections of web pages, said Markman, a professor of psychology at the University of Texas at Austin. First, commenters are often nearly nameless, and thus, unaccountable to their rudeness. Second, they are at a distance from the target of their anger — be it the article they're commenting on or another comment on that article — and people tend to go against distant abstractions more easily than living, breathing talkers. Third, it's easier to be nasty in writing than in speech, hence the now somewhat out­of­date practice of leaving angry notes (back when people used paper), Markman said.
And finally, Edward Wasserman, Knight Professor in Journalism Ethics at Washington and Lee University, noted another cause of the vitriol: bad examples set by the media. “Unfortunately, mainstream media have made a fortune teaching people the wrong ways to talk to each other. People understandably conclude anger is the political vernacular (行话), that this is how public ideas are talked about，” Wasserman wrote in an article on his university's website “It isn't.”
In Markman's opinion, media outlets should cut down on the anger and hatred that have become the model in reader exchanges. “It's valuable to allow all sides of an argument to be heard. To a greater degree, someone who is making a reasonable point but in an angry tone is hurting the nature of the argument, because they are prompting people to respond in a similar way，” he said.
For their part, people should seek out actual human beings to communicate with, Markman said — and we should make a point of including a few people in our social circles who think differently from us. “You'll develop a healthy respect for people whose opinions differ from your own; the back­and­forth negotiation that goes on in having a conversation with someone you don't agree with is a skill and it's not easy to master it，” Markman said.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。网络上的针对某一话题进行的愤怒评论其实是有害于社会和心理健康的，文中建议人们要理智地交流并尊重那些与自己的意见不同的人们。
3．Why do psychologists encourage people to stop attacking each other online?
A．The social problems are too complex to figure out.
B．The online media outlets will review the comments.
C．The action does harm to society and individuals.
D．The Internet users are easily attached to hot topics.
解析：选C　细节理解题。从文章第一段第二句话可以看出心理学家呼吁人们避免网络攻击，并给出理由“because it actually damages society and mental health”，即网络攻击实际上对社会和(个人的)心理健康有害，所以C项正确。
4．What can we learn from the analysis by Markman?
A．People are cautious to make vitriolic remarks online.
B．The targets online are more likely to be commented on.
C．Understanding the literal meaning is easier than oral language.
D．An argument in an angry tone can promote its power.
解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“A perfect storm of factors comes together to cause the rudeness and aggression seen in the comments sections of web pages”以及下文列出的三个具体原因可推知，网上评论的某些特性使得网络上的(攻击)对象更易招致评论，所以B项正确。
5．What is the author's main purpose in writing the passage?
A．To show different ways of expressing opinions.
B．To reveal the severe problems of the public media.
C．To raise the awareness of proper communication.
D．To urge people to carry out actual offline communication.
解析：选C　写作目的题。本篇文章某种程度上采用了典型的“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题”的结构，所以解决问题是文章的主要意图。从最后一段可以看出解决问题的方法，即要允许并尊重不同观点的存在且掌握和与自己观点不同的人沟通、协商的技巧，而C项“提升(人们)正确交流的意识”对文章的解读正与此相对应，所以C项正确。
C
(2017·南京市、盐城市高三模拟)Last year Congress issued a moral call to action when it ordered the National Institutes of Health to reevaluate its ethical oversight (伦理上的疏忽) of government­funded primate (灵长类) research. Although the scientific community widely sees nonhuman primates as essential for advances in biomedicine (they have caused major gains in the fights against AIDS and neurological diseases such as Parkinson's, for example), researchers agree more can be done to treat the animals more humanely and conduct research less wastefully. To that end, the NIH gathered famous scientists last September to discuss the future of primate­based research — and they agreed that data sharing is the way forward.
Researchers could reduce experiments on nonhuman primates by studying data that have already been collected to answer new questions, says David O'Connor, a pathologist at the University of Wisconsin­Madison. O'Connor is walking_the_walk:_his laboratory studies the Zika virus in primates, and he immediately posts all the results online. The goal is to figure out ways to fight Zika as quickly as possible without placing an undue burden on research primates. The Seattle­based Allen Institute for Brain Science, which uses rhesus macaques, small South Asian monkeys, to study the molecular basis of brain development, also makes all results public. O'Connor says this practice should be more widespread so that “researchers who are using this scarce but vital resource can learn as much as possible from as few animals as necessary”. Still, he is skeptical that data sharing will catch on because it would require a change in “normative behavior” — science's strong culture of secrecy, in which data are kept under wraps until they are published in a peer­reviewed journal. One step toward full transparency is to follow the lead of human clinical trials, says Christine Grady, a bioethicist at the NIH. US law requires most clinical trials to register online and make their results public, even if a study fails or is inconclusive. This ensures that other researchers can learn from a trial regardless of its results — a move that could also safeguard primates against being used for the same thing twice. Nancy Haigwood, director of the Oregon National Primate Research Center, also says data sharing is “the way of the future”. Her center hosts 4,800 primates to study a variety of human diseases. She currently contributes results from her center to O'Connor's website. “I don't see a drawback，” she says. “We have to share data more quickly.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。为了更人道地对待灵长类动物，在实验过程中减少对它们的伤害，研究者之间应该做到数据共享，增加实验数据的透明度。
6．What does Congress think of the primate research?
A．It has done a great deal of good to advances in biomedicine.
B．It is a huge waste of money to conduct research on primates.
C．Primate­based research must be stopped for moral reasons.
D．Proper attention should be given to treating primates humanely.
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Last year Congress issued a moral call ... primate (灵长类) research.”及“... researchers agree more can be done to treat the animals more humanely and ...”可知，美国国会要求研究人员更人道地对待灵长类动物。
7．The underlined phrase “walking the walk” in Paragraph 2 shows that O'Connor ________.
A．is the leader in fighting Zika virus in primates
B．is walking away from his own responsibility
C．is carrying out what he has said he should do
D．is taking a tough road when posting his data
解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据画线部分后面的内容可知，他的实验室把所有的研究结果公布在网络上，这与他前面所说的研究人员可以通过数据共享来减少对非人灵长类动物所做的实验一致，所以此处指他在践行他说的话。
8．According to O'Connor, what might prevent scientists from sharing their data?
A．The deep­rooted culture that data should be kept secret until published.
B．The fact that scientists are reluctant to change their way of research.
C．The requirement that most clinical trials should be registered online.
D．The fear that they will be laughed at if a study fails or is inconclusive.
解析：选A　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“... because it would require a change in ‘normative behavior’ — science's strong culture of secrecy, in which data are kept under wraps until they are published in a peer­reviewed journal”可知，阻碍数据共享的是人们根深蒂固的文化，即在出版之前研究数据必须保密。
9．What could be the best title for the passage?
A．The Merciless Practice of Primate Research
B．To Treat Primates More Humanely: Transparency
C．To Abandon Experiments on Primates: Final Goal
D．The Burden of Research on Nonhuman Primates
解析：选B　标题归纳题。纵观全文可知，本文主要讲的是为了更人道地对待灵长类动物，在实验过程中减少对它们的伤害，研究人员应该和他人共享实验数据，做到实验数据的透明。所以选择B。
D
(2017·苏、锡、常、镇四市高三调研)Are you a different person when you speak a foreign language? That's just one of the questions The New Yorker's writer and native North Carolinian Lauren Collins explores in her autobiography, about her tough efforts to master French after marrying a Frenchman whose name — Olivier — she couldn't even pronounce properly. When in French ranges from the humorously personal story to a deeper look at various theories of language acquisition and linguistics (语言学)．
The couple met in London “on more or less neutral ground: his continent, my language”. But the balance shifted when they moved to Geneva for Olivier's work. The normally voluble Collins found herself at a loss — “nearly speechless”. The language barrier, and her dependence on her husband for simple things like buying the right cut of meat worsened her mixed feelings about “unlovely, but not ridiculous” Geneva. She comments, “Language, as much as land, is a place. To be cut off from it is to be, in a sense, homeless.”
Her sense of alienation (疏离感) leads to an examination of America's miserable record when it comes to foreign languages.“Linguists call America ‘the graveyard of languages’ because of its singular ability to take in millions of immigrants and make their native languages die out in a few generations，” Collins writes. Educated in Wilmington, N. C. , and at Princeton, she could — like the vast majority of Americans — only speak their mother tongue.
Eight months after she moved to Switzerland, Collins gave up on the natural acquisition of language and finally attended a French course.As she struggles with grammar and vocabulary, Collins notes smartly that vert (green), verre (glass), ver (worm), vers (toward), and vair (squirrel) compose a quintuple homonym (同形异义). “Although it's difficult, French can be tried，” she says.
French is actually considered among the easiest languages for an English speaker to learn, especially compared to Arabic or Mandarin Chinese. Collins, whose notably rich English vocabulary includes glossolalia (nonsense speech) and shibboleth (catchword or slogan), finds plenty of terrific French words to love. She writes, “ English is a trust fund, an unearned inheritance (遗产), but I've worked for every bit of French I've banked.”
Unlike Jhumpa Lahiri, who became so hooked on Italian and used it to write In Other Words, Collins' goals for learning French were more modest. “I wanted to speak French and to sound like a North Carolinian.” She also wanted to be able to deal with the chimney sweep and butchers, communicate with her in­laws, and “to touch Olivier in his own language”. She admits that she feels different speaking French. “Its austerity (朴素) made me feel more confused.”
Readers looking for the romantic spark of classic cross­cultural love stories featuring an outgoing American and a shy Frenchman will find flashes of it here. Among the many cultural differences the couple argue over is her enthusiastic American habit of applying the verb love to express enthusiasm for shoes, strawberries, and husbands alike. But there's far more to Collins' book than fantastic comedy, and those who have weathered linguistic crossings themselves tend to find particular resonance (共鸣) in its inquiry into language, identity, and transcultural translation.
Arranged by chapters named for verb tenses, When in French works its way from The Past Perfect (Le Plus­que­parfait) to The Present (Le Présent) and The Conditional (Le Conditionnel). Collins ends on a delightful note with Le Futur — fitting for a new mother about to move with her hard­won French husband, French language, and Swiss­born daughter to the French­speaking city of her dreams, Paris.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了Lauren Collins的自传When in French的相关内容。
10．Which of the following statements is TRUE about When in French?
A．It describes how most American people learn French.
B．It introduces a variety of theories about French learning.
C．The author tells her experiences in a serious way.
D．The book offers a traditional way of learning a foreign language.
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话中的“a deeper look at various theories of language acquisition and linguistics (语言学)”可知，When in French探讨了语言习得的不同理论和语言学。
11．Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined word “voluble” in Paragraph 2?
A．Graceful.　　　　　　 B．Dependent.
C．Talkative. D．Energetic.
解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“normally”和“nearly speechless”可知，通常情况下，Lauren Collins是很健谈的，但是在新的环境下她因为语言不通而感到不知所措，几乎说不出话。由此可知，voluble表示的应是与speechless相反的意思，故选C。
12．Why do linguists call America “the graveyard of languages”？
A．Because other languages are prohibited in America.
B．Because only English­speaking people can immigrate into America.
C．Because immigrants' native languages contradict English in America.
D．Because American culture swallows up immigrants' native languages gradually.
解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“its singular ability to take in millions of immigrants and make their native languages die out in a few generations”可知，语言学家之所以将美国称作“语言的墓地”是因为美国文化会逐渐地“吞噬”移民的母语。
13．What can be inferred from Paragraph 4 and Paragraph 5?
A．Collins' English vocabulary knowledge contributes little to her French learning.
B．Collins has found out some effective ways of mastering French words.
C．Arabic or Mandarin Chinese is easier to learn than French for English speakers.
D．It's terrifying for Collins to have French words in store for practical use.
解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Collins notes smartly ... ‘Although it's difficult, French can be tried，’ she says”，第五段中的“finds plenty of terrific French words to love”和“but I've worked for every bit of French I've banked”可知，Lauren Collins在学习法语方面找到了窍门，并且逐渐取得进步。
14．The example of Jhumpa Lahiri in the passage is given to show that________.
A．Collins aims at using French for her daily life
B．Collins wants to apply French to serve her writing
C．it's inappropriate for Jhumpa Lahiri to write in another language
D．foreign language always makes learners feel complicated about life
解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第六段中的“I wanted to speak French”和“She also wanted to be able to deal with the chimney sweep and butchers, communicate with her in­laws, and ‘to touch Olivier in his own language’”可知，Lauren Collins学习法语是为了给她的日常生活提供便利。
15．Which of the following items are mentioned by the author of this book review?
①the theme　　②the structure　　③the publisher　④the popularity　　⑤the writing style
A．①②④ B．②③⑤
C．①②⑤ D．①③⑤
解析：选C　细节理解题。第一段中的最后一句“When in French ranges from ...acquisition and linguistics (语言学)”介绍了这本书的主题；最后一段中的“Arranged by chapters named for verb tenses ...”介绍了这本书的结构；第一段中的“humorously personal story”和倒数第二段中的“there's far more to Collins' book than fantastic comedy”表明这本书的写作风格是风趣幽默的。

阅读理解组合练(四)
(限时30分钟)
A
(2017·南京市高三模拟)The following ads come from UW (the University of Washington) newspaper called The Daily.
CLASSIFIED ADS
Help Wanted
Rooms
RART­TIME PIZZA DELIVERY driver, base pay＋tips. Our vehicle. Must be over 26 for insurance purposes. Dellino's Pizzeria, University Village, 5553466.
1 BLOCK TO UW — Clean, quiet non­smoking room, private refrigerator. Month to month agreement，$425 includes all utilities. 5552488.
RESTAURANT — SUMMER JOB in Alaska! Experienced, presentable waitresses and cooks needed for busy restaurants in Valdez, Alaska. Fax your résumé/ application to 9075442877, at: Mike.
BRAND NEW BUILDING close to UW. Furnished rooms with private baths and decks. Starting at $355. 5608 15th Ave. (206)5551435.
WASHINGTON ATHLETIC CLUB, a private hotel and athletic club in downtown Seattle, has openings for part­time lifeguards and swimming instructors. Please call Stuart at 2065553989.
FROM $260－ $280. Rooms, 1 block north of UW. Clean and quiet residence. No smoking, no musical instruments. Deposit needed. (206) 555­6608.
Business Opportunities
The Daily makes every effort to ensure you are responding to a reputable job opportunity. REMEMBER: lawful employers do not ask for money as part of the application process. Do not send money, especially out of state, or give any credit card information. The majority of our Business Opportunities are at least in part commission­based opportunities. A small investment may be required, and you may be asked to work from your home. If you have responded to an ad that seems deceptive, please call The Daily at 5552390.
Childcare
BABYSITTER WANTED: CARING and responsible babysitter for adorable good­natured 21­month­old boy. 15 hours/week. Days/times negotiable. Experience preferred. 5551293.
CHILDCARE NEEDED during summer in Wallingford for three great children. 25－30 hours/week, Monday, Wednesday, Friday. $9/hour. Begins 6/28.
(206) 5552375.
EARN NEW COMPUTER and make money at the same time. $2,000 in your first two weeks with unlimited income potential. This offer is going fast. Call and get the fact. 18005558948.
Parking
COVERED PARKING CLOSE TO UW, Secure garage, $65 per month, 5608 15th Ave. NE, 2065551435.
PARKING NEAR UW. 3 locations, $58/month. Secured Garage, $85/mo­nth. (206) 5552944.

语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文，介绍了有关在华盛顿大学的报纸The Daily上所登的广告的内容。
1．If you are looking for a job only for the summer, how many choices do you have?
A．One.　　　　　　　　 B．Two.
C．Three. D．Four.
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据Help Wanted中的“SUMMER JOB in Alaska！”和Childcare中的“CHILDCARE NEEDED during summer in ...”可知，如果你只想寻找夏季的工作的话，你有两个选择。
2．Which of the following is TRUE according to the ads?
A．If you are good at swimming, you can try a job at 2065553989.
B．All the companies advertising on The Daily are trustworthy.
C．As a student, you don't need to pay a deposit when renting rooms.
D．The fees for parking near the University of Washington are the same.
解析：选A　细节理解题。根据Help Wanted中的“openings for part­time lifeguards and swimming instructors”“2065553989”可知，如果你擅长游泳的话，你可以试着拨打2065553989来找份工作。
B
(2017·盐城市高三模拟)Weather is a famously boring conversation starter — until you drop a name like Sandy, Katrina, Juno, or Irene. Even without a hurricane or “snowmageddon” on the horizon, weather reports on channels like CNN have high viewer ratings. Sometimes, the Weather Channel itself beats the rest of the competition. But why are people so fascinated by storms, even when they're nowhere near them? When the weather turns bad, why can't we look away, even after we've gotten the information we need to get through it?
We may be addicted to the danger. Humans didn't evolve to be safe, risk­minimizing citizens; because our early experiences involved constantly dangerous conditions, we developed a certain baseline expectation of risk. Even if you stayed inside your camp or your cave, the world was full of unpredictable, potentially dangerous things. And actively taking risks could be rewarded; that might have been the only way to get food. In the modern environment, we aren't exposed to natural risks in the same way. But the underlying neural mechanisms haven't gone anywhere. Some people have a natural bent for high­risk situations. They run extreme races, BASE jump, or invest in changeable stocks. Most of us, though, enjoy a certain thrill without losing our heads. We like roller coasters. We'll ski the black­diamond trail but may not go off track. It's a phenomenon that the sociologist Stephen Lyng calls edgework. We feel like we're living on the edge, but we know that there's a safety net.
Edgework is precisely what extreme weather is. A winter storm — or any storm, really — approximates this thrill. It's powerful and even dangerous. But safely settled inside and in front of our computer screens, we don't think it will really hurt us. The power might go out, but then we would be able to share a picture of a car buried in a snowdrift. And then, soon, it will be over. You will have had the thrill, and you might have gained control over it by capturing a moment of “danger”， but in all, it seems a relatively minor risk. We satisfy our inner risk seeker without going into dangerous territory.
As for the people on the West Coast who followed the winter storm Juno in 2015 as eagerly as any New Yorker or Bostonian, risk can well be experienced vicariously (代理地). We stay glued to forecasts of gloom and doom for the same reason we watch the latest X Games. They capture our attention and emotion. The media know this all too well. There is one major exception: those who suffered an extreme weather catastrophe in the past. We learn differently from description than from experience. If you were in a record­breaking storm in the past and nothing bad happened, you will likely dismiss the current danger. But if you experienced a major loss — the destruction of a house, say, or a multiweek­long loss of power — you likely won't do much rubbernecking this time. Unlike everyone else, you realize the danger probably isn't worth massive media coverage.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。人们聊天时往往从天气开始，电视上天气预报节目有着很高的收视率，且人们对和风暴有关的恶劣天气着迷。这是为什么呢？
3．Which of the following is TRUE about edgework mentioned in the passage?
A．People won't take any risk without consideration.
B．Taking risks has been a type of lifestyle in people's life.
C．People tend to expect the arrival of extreme weather.
D．Facing danger can satisfy people's inner desire for risk.
解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第二段的最后一句可知，我们喜欢危险的事物，但我们也知道自己是安全的，接着第三段对此进行进一步的论证。故选A项。
4．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．Evolution of human beings weakens people's awareness of taking risks.
B．People who once suffered from storms show less curiosity about them.
C．The contents from the media lead to people being addicted to the danger.
D．People on the West Coast with New Yorkers went through the winter storm Juno.
解析：选B　推理判断题。根据最后一段的“There is one major exception: those who suffered an extreme weather ... But if you experienced a major loss ... you likely won't do much rubbernecking this time.”可知，那些真正经历过恶劣天气并遭受损失的人是不太会再关注这样的天气的。故B项正确。
5．What is the best title for the passage?
A．Why we love superstorms
B．How extreme weather influences our life
C．Why people like taking risks
D．How we deal with weather forecasts
解析：选A　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文作者主要分析了人们喜欢关注与风暴有关的恶劣天气的原因。故选A项。
C
(2017·江苏省高三六校联考)One hundred years ago, “Colored” was the typical way of referring to Americans of African descent. Twenty years later, it was purposefully dropped to make way for “Negro”. By the late 1960s, that term was overtaken by “Black”. And then, at a press conference in Chicago in 1988, Jesse Jackson declared that “African American” was the term to welcome. This one was chosen because it echoed the labels of groups, such as “Italian Americans” and “Irish Americans”， that had already been freed of widespread discrimination.
A century's worth of calculated name changes point to the fact that naming any group is a politically freighted exercise. A 2001 study cataloged all the ways in which the term “Black” carried connotations (含义) that were more negative than those of “African American”．
But if it was known that “Black” people were viewed differently from “African Americans”， researchers, until now, hadn't identified what that gap in perception was derived from. A recent study, conducted by Emory University's Erika Hall, found that “Black” people are viewed more negatively than “African Americans” because of a perceived difference in socioeconomic status. As a result, “Black” people are thought of as less competent and as having colder personalities.
The study's most striking findings shed light on the racial discrimination permeating the professional world. Even seemingly harmless details on a CV, it appears, can tap into recruiters' (招聘人员的) discrimination. A job application might mention affiliations (关系) with groups such as the “Wisconsin Association of African­American Lawyers” or the “National Black Employees Association”， the names of which apparently have consequences, and are also beyond their members' control.
In one of the study's experiments, subjects were given a brief description of a man from Chicago with the last name Williams. To one group, he was identified as “African­American”， and another was told he was “Black”. With little else to go on, they were asked to estimate Mr. Williams' salary, professional standing, and educational background.
The “African­American” group estimated that he earned about $37,000 a year and had a two­year college degree. The “Black” group, on the other hand, put his salary at about $29,000, and guessed that he had only “some” college experience. Nearly three­quarters of the first group guessed that Mr. Williams worked at a managerial level, while only 38.5 percent of the second group thought so.
Hall's findings suggest there's an argument to be made for electing to use “African American”， though one can't help but get the sense that it's a decision that papers over the urgency of continued progress. Perhaps a new phrase is needed, one that can bring everyone one big step closer to realizing Du Bois' original, idealistic hope: “It's not the name — it's_the_Thing_that_counts.”
语篇解读：本文探讨了非洲血统的美国人被称为“黑人”和“非裔美国人”时人们的不同态度。
6．We can conclude from Erika Hall's findings that________.
A．racial discrimination is widespread in the professional world
B．many applicants don't attend to details on their CVs
C．job seekers should all be careful about their affiliations
D．most recruiters are unable to control their racial bias
解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The study's most striking findings shed light on the racial discrimination permeating the professional world.”可知，Erika Hall的研究发现，种族歧视在职场是很普遍的，因此选择A。
7．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A．Jesse Jackson embraced the term “African American” because it is free from discrimination.
B．The naming of any ethnic (种族) group is political sensitive.
C．Before the study conducted by Erika Hall, researchers had identified the causes of the gap in perception of racial discrimination.
D．A man identified as “African American” is thought of as more capable than he is identified as “Black”．
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But if it was known that ‘Black’ people ... gap in perception was derived from.”可知，在Erika Hall进行研究之前，研究人员并没有弄清楚对种族歧视的感知差异来源于何处。C项表述与原文信息相悖，故选择C。
8．Erika Hall's experiment about a man with the last name Williams indicates that ________.
A．African Americans fare better than many other ethnic groups　
B．black people's socioeconomic status in America remains low
C．people's conception of a person has much to do with the way he or she is labeled
D．one's professional standing and income are related to their educational background
解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第五段和第六段中提到的两个小组对不同称谓的Williams的不同看法可知，人们对于一个人的认知与他或她被贴的标签有很大关系，因此选择C。
9．From the underlined sentence in the last paragraph, we can know that Dr. Du Bois' hope is ________.
A．all Americans enjoy equal rights
B．a person is judged by their worth
C．a new term is created to address African Americans
D．all ethnic groups share the nation's continued progress
解析：选B　句意理解题。根据文章最后两句可以看出，我们或许需要一个新的词组，一个能使每个人进一步实现Du Bois最初的、理想化的希望：重要的不是名字而是“事物”本身的词组。也就是说，人们应根据一个人的价值，而不是其名字来评判他/她。故选择B。
D
(2017·南京市、盐城市高三模拟)Dad and I loved baseball and hated sleep. One midsummer dawn when I was nine, we drove to the local park with our baseballs, gloves, and Yankees caps.
“If you thought night baseball was a thrill, just wait，” Dad told me. “Morning air carries the ball like you've never seen.”
He was right. Our fastballs charged faster and landed more lightly. The echoes of our catches popped as the sun rose over the dew­sprinkled fields.
The park was all ours for about two hours. Then a young mother pushed her stroller toward us. When she neared, Dad politely leaned over the stroller, waved, and gave the baby his best smile.
The mother stared at him for a second, and then rushed away.
Dad covered his mouth with his hand and walked to the car. “Let's go, bud，” he said. “I'm not feeling well.”
A month earlier, Bell's palsy (贝尔氏神经麻痹) had struck Dad, paralyzing the right side of his face. It left him slurring words and with a droopy eyelid. He could hardly drink from a cup without spilling onto his shirt. And his smile, which once eased the pain of playground cuts and burst forth at the mention of Mick Jagger, Woody Allen, or his very own Yankees, was gone.
As I slumped in the car, I began suspecting that our sunrise park visit wasn't about watching daylight lift around us. This was his effort to avoid stares.
It was a solemn drive home.
After that day, Dad spent more time indoors. He left the shopping, driving, and Little League games to Mom. A freelance editor, he turned our dining room into his office and buried himself in manuscripts. He no longer wanted to play catch.
At physical therapy, Dad obeyed the doctor: “Now smile as wide as you can. Now lift your right cheek with your hand. Now try to whistle.”
Only the sound of blowing air came out. My earliest memories were of Dad whistling to Frank Sinatra or Bobby McFerrin. He always whistled. He had taught me to whistle too.
Of the roughly 40,000 Americans suffering from Bell's palsy every year, most recover in several weeks. Other cases take a few months to heal. But after nine weeks of therapy, the doctor confessed she couldn't help Dad.
“I've never seen anything like this，” she told him after his final session. Then she handed him the bill.
Dad coped through humor. He occasionally grabbed erasable markers and drew an even­sided wide smile across his face. Other times, he practiced his Elvis impersonation, joking that his curled lips allowed him to perfect his performance of “Hound Dog”．
By the time I entered fourth grade that September, Dad could blink his right eye and speak clearly again. But his smile still hadn't returned. So I made a secret vow: I would abstain from smiles of any kind.
Nothing about fourth grade made this easy. Classmates were both old enough to laugh about pop culture and young enough to appreciate fart jokes. Kids called me Frowny the Dwarf. (I was three foot ten. ) Teachers accompanied me into hallways, asking what was wrong. Breaking the promise I had made myself was tempting, but I couldn't let Dad not smile alone.
When I asked my PE coach, “ What's so great about smiling？” he made me do push­ups while the rest of the class played Wiffle ball. Then he called Dad.
I never learned what they discussed. But when I got off the school bus that afternoon, I saw Dad waiting for me, holding our gloves and ball. For the first time in months, we got in the family car and went to the park for a catch.
“It's been too long，” he said.
Roughly a half­dozen fathers and sons lined the field with gloved arms in the air. Dad couldn't smile, but he beamed, and so did I. Sundown came quickly. The field's white lights glowed, and everyone else left. But Dad and I threw everything from curve balls to folly floaters into the night. We had catching up to do.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。贝尔氏神经麻痹夺走了作者父亲的微笑，作者秘密发誓放弃微笑陪着父亲一起，直至父亲“重获微笑”。
10．Why did Father choose to play baseball one summer dawn?
A．Because they could perform better in the morning.
B．Because he tried to escape others' attention to his face.
C．Because morning air was more suitable for playing baseball.
D．Because the park was empty and they could enjoy themselves.
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第七段第一句和第八段内容可知，贝尔氏神经麻痹使父亲脸部瘫痪，因此他选择在黎明时分打球以避免别人看到他的脸。故选B项。
11．The underlined phrase “abstain from” in Paragraph 16 is the closest in meaning to “________”．
A．seek for　　　　　　 B．recover from
C．give up D．break into
解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据第十六段最后两句以及第十七段中的“Kids called me Frowny the Dwarf.”“I couldn't let Dad not smile alone”可推测，此处指作者秘密发誓称自己会放弃任何形式的微笑。abstain from意为“放弃”。故选C项。
12．What can we infer from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 17?
A．The boy lost his ability to smile.
B．The boy must have suffered many wrongs.
C．The boy couldn't appreciate pop culture.
D．The boy tried his best to make Father smile.
解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第十七段中的“Kids called me Frowny the Dwarf. (I was three foot ten.) Teachers accompanied me into hallways, asking what was wrong.”可推断，作者当时一定遭受了许多不公正。故选B项。
13．Why did the father accompany his son to the park for a catch that night?
A．Because he had made a complete recovery.
B．Because he thought night baseball was a thrill.
C．Because he intended his son to return to normal.
D．Because he was instructed by the PE coach to do so.
解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第十六至十八段的内容可知，作者为了不让父亲独自一人不能微笑，自己也不笑，在学校被同学们嘲笑并遭受各种不公正，由此可知，父亲陪作者一起打棒球是为了让作者恢复常态。故选C项。
14．Which of the following can best describe the author's father?
A．Selfless and lucky.
B．Generous and determined.
C．Sensitive and stubborn.
D．Responsible and humorous.
解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第十五段中的“Dad coped through humor.”和最后三段的内容可推断，父亲既幽默又富有责任感。故选D项。
15．What is the best title for the passage?
A．Losing my father's smile
B．Making a hidden secret
C．Playing baseball in the morning
D．Recovering from a face illness
解析：选A　标题归纳题。 纵观全文可知，本文主要是围绕“贝尔氏神经麻痹夺走了父亲的微笑”来行文的。故A项做本文标题最佳。