2022盐城时杨中学高二上学期期中考试英语试题含解析

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盐城市时杨中学2021/2022学年度第一学期期中考试高二年级
英语试题
第I卷（选择题，共85分）
第一部分听力（共两节,满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What can we learn from the conversation?
A.Frank’s car was lost.
B.Frank was still alive after a car accident.
C.Frank fell out of a car.
2.Where does the conversation take place?
A.In a school. B.In a shop. C.In a hospital.
3.What are the two speakers talking about?
A.The future plan. B.The TV program. C.The weather.
4.Where does the conversation probably take place?
A.On the phone. B.In the office. C.In the supermarket.
5.Why does the woman want to borrow a car?
A.To see a film. B.To go to a party. C.To meet her parents.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白,每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6~8小题。
6.Why does Linda ask her daddy to give her something？
A.Because it will be cold soon.
B.Because he has a lot of money.
C.Because it is Linda’s birthday tomorrow.
7.What does Linda’s father want to buy for her at first?
A.A new dictionary. B.A new coat. C.A mobile phone.
8.What will the two speakers do this afternoon?
A.Have dinner together. B.Go to the supermarket. C.Buy a birthday cake.
听第7段材料，回答第9~10小题。
9.What does the woman have to do?
A.Meet Alice and Bill. B.Do all her homework. C.See a movie.
10.What can we know about the man?
A.He learned at school a long time ago.
B.He never went to school.
C.He wasn’t good at study.
听第8段材料，回答第11~14小题。
11.Where are the two speakers?
A.In the office. B.At school. C.In a car.
12.Why is the man sleepy?
A.He didn’t sleep at all last night.
B.He didn’t sleep well last night.
C.He slept late last night.
13.What’s wrong with the man’s father?
A.He has a chest pain. B.He has some trouble with his heart. C.He has a bad cough.
14.What does the woman advise the man to do?
A.Ask for leave. B.Take more medicine. C.Do some exercise.
听第9段材料，回答第15~17小题。
15.What’s the most possible relationship between the two speakers?
A.Brother and sister. B.Friends. C.Husband and wife.
16.How long did the man stay in Hong Kong?
A.10 days. B.20 days. C.15 days.
17.Why couldn’t the woman get in touch with the man when he was in Hong Kong?
A.Because he didn’t have a telephone.
B.Because he didn’t want to answer her call.
C.Because his telephone number was changed.
听第10段材料，回答第18~20小题。
18.What did Rosemary’s father do that day?
A.He prepared meals for his parents.
B.He went out to look for his wife.
C.He took his wife to the hospital.
19.What happened to Rosemary?
A.She lost her hands. B.She lost her parents. C.She lost her legs.
20.Which of the following words can be used to describe Rosemary?
A.Dependent. B.Independent. C.Beautiful.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Remember to study for knowledge and not study for getting good grades! This helped me a lot, and might help you too.
●Keep your study area organized and comfortable.
This helps you to concentrate better while studying by reducing unwanted distractions. Keeping all the required books, pens, and other instruments within reach helps. you to stayfocused on studying. You don’t have to look around for any book you need.
●Discover ways to enhance your concentration.
Concentration is unquestionably the most important attribute necessary to enjoy studying. Staying focused on what you are reading helps you to understand and absorb it. Therefore, it is absolutely essential for you to find out all the essentials that enhance your concentration.
●To enjoy studying, prepare in advance for tests.
If you intend Lo truly enjoy studying, you must make it a habit to prepare well in advance for all your tests. You cannot enjoy studying when you are preparing on the last day prior to your test. This will make studying a painful experience for you.
●Ensure that your study area is free from disturbances.
Ensure that outside noise and disturbances do not affect your studies. Your study table must be located in a silent area free from all external disturbances.
●Mark all important dates on a wall calendar.
●Remember to take short breaks
Taking short breaks during studying helps you in retaining more of what you have studied. Hence, short breaks are helpful during a long study session.
●Manage your time in a wise way.
●Stay positive.
Staying positive is necessary to enjoy studying. Think of all the benefits you can obtain from scoring high grades. This will motivate you 10 strive harder in your studies.
●Be prepared; remove fear of exams.
1. What helps you to stay focused according to the text?
A. Enjoying studying.
B. Preparing well in advance for you tests.
C. Taking short breaks during studying.
D. Keeping unnecessary distractions away.
2. If you want to keep in your memory as much as possible of what you have learned, what should you try to avoid?
A. A long study session without taking short breaks.
B. The essentials that enhance your concentration.
C. The painful experience of taking exams.
D. Preparation for your Lest on the last day.
3. What could be the best tile of this text?
A. How to score the best grades?
B. How to get rid of disturbances?
C. How to improve your ability to study?
D. How to make the best of your time?
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些帮助提高学习能力的方法。
【1题详解】
细节理解题，根据“●Keep your study area organized and comfortable.”部分的第一句话“This helps you to concentrate better while studying by reducing unwanted distractions.（这有助于你通过减少不必要的干扰，学习时集中注意力。）”可知，通过远离不必要的干扰可以集中注意力。故选D项。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据“●Remember to take short breaks.”部分的第一句“Taking short breaks during studying helps you in retaining more of what you have studied.（学习时短暂休息一下可以帮助你记住更多学过的内容。）”可推知，想要记住更多学过的内容，就应该避免没有短暂休息的长时间学习。故选A项。
【3题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Remember to study for knowledge and not study for getting good grades! This helped me a lot, and might help you too.（记住，学习是为了知识，而不是为了取得好成绩!这对我帮助很大，也许对你也有帮助。）”及下文内容可知，文章主要介绍了一些帮助提高学习能力的方法，C项“How to improve your ability to study?（如何提高你的学习能力？）”概括文章大意，适合做文章标题。故选C项。
B
Have you ever been on social media and seen your favourite celebrity talking about a product? These endorsements—might not be totally random, and are actually seen as a vital part of the marketing process. The question is: How do social media influencers ‘influence’ what you buy?
Human desire for status and making friends, combined with our need to belong to a group, make us susceptible to being ‘socially influenced’. Companies often use that desire to have a similar lifestyle to a celebrity we admire to hawk or launch a product. So, what do these endorsements actually do?
Firstly, they can be used to build brand awareness. A social media influencer should have a strong understanding of the platform they operate on, and therefore can create engaging content that not only adheres to the brand image, but sparks their followers’ interests in a product they might never have seen before.
Secondly, influencers can improve a company or product’s relationship with their customer base. According to In Moment’s 2018 US Retail CX Trends Report on customer loyalty, 77% of buyers have been brand loyal for more than ten years. This is also true of 60% of millennials. popular celebrity can target key demographics and talk or blog about a product, which can create an instant and lasting bond with the consumer.
Lastly, influencers can improve customer buying habits with seemingly ‘unbiased opinions’. We are more likely to respond to ‘peer recommendation’ than traditional ads, meaning the fact we see an influencer as a ‘friend’ can make us less likely to be sceptical about what we are seeing.
So, the next time you see a celebrity talking about a product, you might want to consider that this could be a carefully crafted marketing strategy designed to target your core needs. If you find yourself perusing a product you’ve seen on social media, you may well have been influenced.
4. Why can social influencers make such engaging content? Because they ________.
A. are internet celebrities
B. know how to use the platform they are working on.
C. have used the products themselves
D. are involved in the making of the products
5. Which factor does not help to make ‘social influence’ so effective?
A. Being independent B. Making friends
C. Belonging to a group. D. Human desire for status
6. How does seeing an influencer as a ‘friend’ affect our decision making?
A. We are not much influenced.
B. We believe everything they say.
C. We are less doubtful about adverts we are seeing.
D. We want to make friends with them.
7. What should you consider the next time you see a celebrity talking about a product?
A. It is exactly what I need.
B. We don’t need it at all.
C. There’s more to learn about the celebrity.
D. Our essential needs are being targeted.
【答案】4. B 5. A 6. C 7. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了“社交媒体影响力”对个人购买行为的影响。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“A social media influencer should have a strong understanding of the platform they operate on, and therefore can create engaging content that not only adheres to the brand image, but sparks their followers’ interests in a product they might never have seen before. (社交媒体上的有影响力的人应该对他们所运营的平台有深刻的了解，这样才能创造出有吸引力的内容，不仅符合品牌形象，还能激发他们的粉丝对他们可能从未见过的产品的兴趣)”可知，社交影响者可以制作如此有吸引力的内容是因为他们知道如何利用他们正在工作的平台。故选B项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Human desire for status and making friends, combined with our need to belong to a group, make us susceptible to being ‘socially influenced’. (人类对地位和交朋友的渴望，加上我们对归属群体的需要，使我们容易受到“社会影响”)”可知，选项A“独立”不是使“社会影响”如此有效的因素。故选A项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中“We are more likely to respond to ‘peer recommendation’ than traditional ads, meaning the fact we see an influencer as a ‘friend’ can make us less likely to be sceptical about what we are seeing. (与传统广告相比，我们更有可能对“同行推荐”做出回应，这意味着我们将网红视为“朋友”的事实可以让我们不太可能对我们所看到的东西持怀疑态度)”可知，把有影响力的人视为“朋友会影响我们的决策，因为我们会对所看到的广告不那么怀疑了。故选C项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“So, the next time you see a celebrity talking about a product, you might want to consider that this could be a carefully crafted marketing strategy designed to target your core needs. (所以，下次当你看到一个名人谈论一个产品时，你可能会想，这可能是一个精心设计的营销策略，旨在针对你的核心需求)”可知，下次看到名人谈论产品时，你应该考虑这是针对我们的基本需求的营销。故选D项。
C
In a study published in Nature Machine Intelligence, researchers at Ohio State University show how artificial intelligence（AI）can follow clinical trials to identify drugs for repurposing, a solution that can help advance innovative treatments.
Repurposing drugs is legal and not unusual. When doctors prescribe(开处方)drugs that have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration(FDA)for purposes different from what is printed on the labels, the drugs are being used “off-label” Just because a drug is FDA-approved for a specific type of disease does not prevent it from having possible benefits for other purposes.
For example, Metformin, a drug that is FDA-approved for treating type 2 diabetes, is also used to treat PCOS(a disease of women), and other diseases. Trazodone, an anti-depressant with FDA-approval to treat depression, is also prescribed by doctors to help treat patients with sleep issues.
The Ohio State University research team created an AI deep learning model for predicting treatment probability with patient data including the treatment, outcomes, and potential confounders(干扰因素).
Confounders are related to the exposure and outcome. For example, a connection is identified between music festivals and increases in skin rashes(红疹). Music festivals do not directly cause skin rashes. In this case, one possible confounding factor between the two may be outdoor heat, as music festivals tend to run outdoors when the temperature is high, and heat is a known cause for rashes. When working with real-world data, confounders could number in the thousands. AI deep learning is well-suited to find patterns in the complexity of potentially thousands of confounders.
The researcher team used confounders including population data and co-prescribed drugs. With this proof-of-concept, now clinicians have a powerful AI tool to rapidly discover new treatments by repurposing existing medications.
8. What do we know about a drug used off-label?
A. It is sold without a label.
B. It is available at a low price.
C. Its uses extend beyond the original ones.
D. Its clinical trials are rejected by doctors.
9. Metformin and Trazodone are similar as both of them________.
A. are used off-label
B. treat rare diseases
C. result in sleep issues
D. are medical breakthroughs
10. What can be inferred about “confounders”?
A. They are possible treatments.
B. They are environmental factors.
C. They can be easily recognized in real-world data.
D. They should be taken into serious consideration.
11. What is the main idea of the text?
A. AI examines benefits of existing drugs.
B. AI identifies off-label uses for drugs.
C. AI finds new drugs for common diseases.
D. AI proves the power of drug research.
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. D 11. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在《自然机器智能》杂志上发表的一项研究中，俄亥俄州立大学的研究人员展示了人工智能(AI)如何能够跟踪临床试验，识别用于重新使用的药物，这一解决方案有助于推动创新治疗。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“When doctors prescribe drugs that have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration（FDA）for purposes different from what is printed on the labels, the drugs are being used “off-label” Just because a drug is FDA-approved for a specific type of disease does not prevent it from having possible benefits for other purposes.”（如果医生开出的药物是经食品和药物管理局(FDA)批准的，其目的与标签上的目的不同，那么这些药物就被“标示外”使用了，仅仅因为一种药物被FDA批准用于特定类型的疾病并不妨碍它在其他用途上可能产生的益处。）可知，“标示外”药物的用途超出了原来的用途。故选C。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“the drugs are being used “off-label” Just because a drug is FDA-approved for a specific type of disease does not prevent it from having possible benefits for other purposes.”（这些药物被“标示外”使用，仅仅因为一种药物被FDA批准用于某种特定类型的疾病，并不妨碍它在其他用途上可能有好处。）和文章第三段“For example, Metformin, a drug that is FDA-approved for treating type 2 diabetes, is also used to treat PCOS（a disease of women）, and other diseases. Trazodone, an anti-depressant with FDA-approval to treat depression, is also prescribed by doctors to help treat patients with sleep issues.”（例如，FDA批准用于治疗2型糖尿病的药物二甲双胍，也用于治疗多囊卵巢综合征(一种女性疾病)和其他疾病。曲唑酮是一种经美国食品及药物管理局(FDA)批准用于治疗抑郁症的抗抑郁药，医生也会开它来帮助治疗睡眠问题患者。）可知，二甲双胍和曲唑酮的相似之处是这两种药物都在适应症外使用。 故选A。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第五段的“When working with real-world data, confounders could number in the thousands. AI deep learning is well-suited to find patterns in the complexity of potentially thousands of confounders.”（在处理真实世界的数据时，干扰因素可能多达数千个。AI深度学习非常适合在潜在的成千万的干扰因素混合物中寻找模式）可推知，干扰因素应该被认真地考虑。故选D。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“In a study published in Nature Machine Intelligence, researchers at Ohio State University show how artificial intelligence（AI）can follow clinical trials to identify drugs for repurposing, a solution that can help advance innovative treatments.”（在《自然机器智能》杂志上发表的一项研究中，俄亥俄州立大学的研究人员展示了人工智能(AI)如何能够跟踪临床试验，识别用于重新使用的药物，这一解决方案有助于推动创新治疗。）再结合下文内容可知，文章主要讲述人工智能识别药物标示外用途。故选B。
D
The idea of low material desire, low consumption and refusing to work, marry and have children, concluded as a “lying down” lifestyle, recently struck a chord with many young Chinese who are eager to take pause to breathe in this fast-paced and highly-competitive society.
Many millennials (千禧一代) and generation Zs complained to the Global Times that burdens, including work stress, family disputes (纷争) and financial strains, have pushed them “against the wall”. They said they hate the “involution (内卷),” joking that they would rather give up some of what they have than get trapped in an endless competition against peers.
“Instead of always following the ‘virtues’ of struggle, endure and sacrifice to bear the stresses, they prefer a temporary lying down as catharsis (宣泄) and adjustment,” said a scholar. “It is no wonder that some young people, under the growing pressures from child-raising to paying the mortgage (按揭) today, would try to live in a simple way and leave the worries behind.”
Interestingly, the majority of millennials and Gen Zs reached by the Global Times, who claim to be big fans of the lying down philosophy, acknowledged that they only accept a temporary lying down as a short rest. It is true that with the great improvement of living conditions, some Chinese youth have partially lost the spirit of hardship and are not willing to bear too much hard work. But in fact, lying down is not entirely comfortable. Young people who lie down always feel guilty about their constant loss of morale (士气) far beyond their reach.
“Young people on campus have both aspirations and confusion about their future, but most of us have rejected setting ourselves up in chains to waste opportunities and challenges,” a postgraduate student told the Global Times. “It’s no use running away. I have to ‘stand up’ and face the reality sooner or later.”
12. What does the underlined phrase in paragraph 1 mean?
A. Warned. B. Criticized.
C. Touched. D. Amused.
13. What might have caused the “lying down” lifestyle among the young?
A. Improvements in living conditions.
B. Growing pressure from family and social life.
C. Increasing material possessions from families.
D. Temporary adjustment to failure in competitions.
14. What’s the scholar’s attitude toward the “lying down” group?
A. Understanding. B. Intolerant.
C. Supportive. D. Unclear.
15. What can be inferred about the young generation from the text?
A. They never really drop their responsibilities.
B. They really enjoy the “lying down” lifestyle.
C They find their dreams far beyond their reach.
D. They would rather escape than take challenges.
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. A 15. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇议论文。在这个快节奏、竞争激烈的社会中，许多年轻人渴望暂时停下来喘口气，因此他们选择“躺平”，他们不愿总是遵循奋斗、忍受和牺牲的美德来承受压力。但他们大多数人都不想浪费了机会和挑战，也不会真正放下自己的责任。
【12题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段“The idea of low material desire, low consumption and refusing to work, marry and have children(低物质欲望，低消费，拒绝工作，结婚和生育的观念)…”对这种生活方式和“…many young Chinese who are eager to take pause to breathe in this fast-paced and highly-competitive society(在这个快节奏、竞争激烈的社会中，渴望停下来喘口气的许多年轻人)”年轻一代的生存状态的描述，可知，年轻人对这种观念是认同并受其影响的，划线词意为“触动，影响”，故选C。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Many millennials (千禧一代) and generation Zs complained to the Global Times that burdens, including work stress, family disputes (纷争) and financial strains, have pushed them “against the wall”(许多千禧一代和z一代向《环球时报》抱怨，工作压力、家庭纠纷和经济压力等负担把他们逼到了绝境。).”可知，来自家庭和社会生活的日益增长的压力可能是致使年轻人“躺平”的生活方式的原因，故选B。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Instead of always following the ‘virtues’ of struggle, endure and sacrifice to bear the stresses, they prefer a temporary lying down as catharsis (宣泄) and adjustment,(他们不愿总是遵循奋斗、忍受和牺牲的美德来承受压力，他们宁愿暂时躺下，作为宣泄和调整)”和“It is no wonder that some young people, … would try to live in a simple way and leave the worries behind.(难怪一些年轻人，……会努力过一种简单的生活方式，把烦恼抛在脑后。)”可知，学者对“躺平”群体的态度是理解的，故选A。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Young people on campus have both aspirations and confusion about their future, but most of us have rejected setting ourselves up in chains to waste opportunities and challenges(校园里的年轻人既有抱负，也对自己的未来感到困惑，但我们大多数人都拒绝了，把自己束之高悬，浪费了机会和挑战 )”和“It’s no use running away. I have to ‘stand up’ and face the reality sooner or later(逃跑没有用。我迟早要站起来面对现实。)”可知，他们从未真正放下自己的责任。故选A。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Memorizing an essay (文章) is a great way to pass tests and increase your knowledge. ____16____ Here are some suggestions to help you memorize an essay easily.
____17____ Start early when you need to memorize something. Give yourself one day for every paragraph or page. Master one section each day. Once you have memorized two sections separately, try putting them together. Then you will find memorizing the whole essay is not so hard.
Read the essay out loud to start learning it. Reading the essay out loud is important because it forces you to read and speak every single word in the essay. ____18____
Test yourself after reading, After you have studied the text for a while, put it down, and recite as much as you can from memory. At first, you may not remember much, but every time you practise, you will recall more and more. ____19____ If you miss a word or forget a line, he can prompt (提示) you by telling you the next word or two.
Start from the end if going from the beginning is not working. ____20____ Begin by memorizing the last sentence or paragraph, and then move back to the sentence or paragraph right before that one.
A. However, many students find it difficult to memorize an essay.
B. Memorize a little bit each day.
C. Try writing out the essay once or twice.
D. In addition, find a partner to test you on what you've memorized.
E. Sometimes you may find it easier to start from the end.
F. Memorizing something is probably not the most effective way to learn it.
G. This will help you remember it.
【答案】16. A 17. B 18. G 19. D 20. E
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些背诵、记忆文章的方法。
【16题详解】
上文“Memorizing an essay is a great way to pass tests and increase your knowledge. (熟记一篇文章是通过考试和增加知识的好方法)”指出，熟记课文对于通过考试和增加知识很有效，设空处承上启下，下文“Here are some suggestions to help you memorize an essay easily. (这里有一些建议可以帮助你轻松地记住一篇文章)”说明下文是作者给读者的一些关于记忆文章的建议。A项“However, many students find it difficult to memorize an essay. (然而，许多学生发现很难记住一篇文章)”承上启下，符合文意。故选A项。
【17题详解】
设空处为本段小标题。根据下文“Give yourself one day for every paragraph or page. Master one section each day. (给自己一天时间来记住每一段或每一页。每天掌握一个部分)”可推知，本段主要建议读者在记忆文章的时候要尝试每天记忆一部分，积少成多。B项“Memorize a little bit each day. (每天记住一点)”符合段意，引出下文。故选B项。
【18题详解】
上文“Read the essay out loud to start learning it. (大声朗读这篇文章，开始学习)”建议读者大声朗读文章以达到记忆的目标。G项“This will help you remember it. (这会帮助你记住它)”指出朗读文章有助于记忆该文章，承接上文，符合文意。故选G项。
【19题详解】
下文“If you miss a word or forget a line, he can prompt you by telling you the next word or two. (如果你漏了一个单词或忘记了一行，他可以通过告诉你接下来的一两个单词来提示你)”指出记忆文章时，有学习伙伴的重要性。D项“In addition, find a partner to test you on what you've memorized. (此外，找一个搭档测试你所记住的内容)”引出下文，符合文意。故选D项。
【20题详解】
通过上文“Start from the end if going from the beginning is not working. (如果从头开始记忆不起作用，则从结尾开始)”以及下文“Begin by memorizing the last sentence or paragraph (从记住最后一个句子或段落开始)”可推知，本段主要建议读者在记忆文章的时候可以使用从后往前的记忆方法。E项“Sometimes you may find it easier to start from the end. (有时你会发现从结尾开始更容易)”承上启下，符合文意。故选E项。
第三部分语言知识运用 (共两节，满分25分)
第一节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
At the mid-May in 2018, the 69 year-old amputee(被截肢者) Xia Boyu finally stood proud on two artificial legs on the peak of Mount Qomolangma, a symbol showcasing to the world the power of ____21____.
More than 40 years ago, Xia ____22____ both of his feet to frostbite after lending his sleeping bag to a team member during the trip to climb Mount Qomolangma.
Even though artificial legs were not ____23____ in China at the time, Xia strongly believed that he would one day fulfill his ____24____ dream and so, before that day came, the best thing to do was to prepare himself by training constantly. Three years later he finally got his new legs, which enabled him to ____25____ his sports career.
However, fate once again took a ____26____ turn when he was in his 40s. In 1993, illness ____27____ on the stumps(残肢) on his legs, which required another third of his lower legs be amputated.Three years after that, he was diagnosed with lymph cancer.
Over the years, Xia never gave up his dream of climbing Mount Qomolangma. ____28____ to his final successful climb in 2018, he had tried four other times to climb to the summit, but each time Lady Luck gave him the ____29____.
The last time he got close to his dream was in 2015. The then 57-year-old was only 94 meters from the summit, but a snow storm ____30____ his way. Taking his team members’ ____31____ into consideration, Xia made the ____32____ decision to go back.
On May14, Xia felt ____33____ and a strong sense of fulfillment welled up in him, standing on the peak of the highest mountain in the world.
“The key is to focus on your dreams, instead of the hardship you encounter along the way. I didn’t regret anything that I had done and accepted everything that life had ____34____ me, but I never stopped fighting against ____35____.” Xia said, stressing that fulfilling one’s dream has nothing to do with age, disability or the thoughts or expectations of others, but a firm belief in yourself.
21. A. dream B. strength C. confidence D. mind
22 A. cost B. gave C. lost D. paid
23. A. available B. acceptable C. affordable D. reachable
24. A. unreached B. unchallenged C. unsolved D. unfinished
25. A. take B. begin C. complete D. continue
26. A. sudden B. sharp C. dark D. good
27. A. existed B. rose C. developed D. fixed
28. A. Contrary B. Previous C. Back D. Similar
29. A. tough nut B. red carpet C. cold shoulder D. last straw
30. A. blanketed B. smoothed C. bathed D. blocked
31. A. honour B. struggle C. credit D. safety
32. A. final B. disappointing C. wise D. heartbreaking
33. A. tiredness B. pain C. relief D. loneliness
34. A. distributed to B. provided for C. arranged for D. thrown at
35. A. challenges B. determination C. misfortune D. belief
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. D 26. C 27. C 28. B 29. C 30. D 31. D 32. D 33. C 34. D 35. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章介绍了夏伯宇不断尝试登上珠穆朗玛峰的经历。终于在2018年5月中旬，69岁的截肢者夏伯宇用两条义肢自豪地站在了珠穆朗玛峰的顶峰，向世界展示了梦想的力量。这告诉我们：实现梦想无关年龄，残疾或他人的想法和期望，只与自己坚定的信念有关。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：2018年5月中旬，69岁的截肢者夏伯玉终于用两条义肢自豪地站在了珠穆朗玛峰的顶峰上，向世界展示了梦想的力量。A. dream梦想；B. strength力量，长处；C. confidence自信；D. mind照顾，介意。根据“the 69 year-old amputee Xia Boyu finally stood proud on two artificial legs on the peak of Mount Qomolangma”（69岁的截肢者夏博宇终于骄傲地用两条假肢站在了珠穆朗玛峰的山峰上）可知此处表示梦想的力量。故选A项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：40多年前，在攀登珠穆朗玛峰的过程中，夏把睡袋借给队友，结果双脚被冻伤，失去了双脚。A. cost花费，付出；B. gave给予； C. lost失去； D. paid支付。根据“stood proud on two artificial legs”可知此处表示失去了双腿。故选C项。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管当时中国还没有假肢，但夏坚信总有一天他会实现自己未完成的梦想，所以在那一天到来之前，最好的办法就是通过不断的训练来为自己做准备。A. available可获得的，可找到的；B. acceptable可接受的；C. affordable负担得起的；D. reachable可获得的，可达成的。根据下文“Three years later he finally got his new legs”可知那时还没有假肢。故选A项。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管当时中国还没有假肢，但夏坚信总有一天他会实现自己未完成的梦想，所以在那一天到来之前，最好的办法就是通过不断的训练来为自己做准备。A. unreached未达到的； B. unchallenged不成问题的； C. unsolved未解决的，未解答的；D. unfinished未完成的。根据“before that day came”可知此处表示未完成的梦想。故选D 项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：三年后，他终于有了新的双腿，这使他能够继续他的运动生涯。A. take拿，采取。接受；B. begin开始，首先；C. complete完成；D. continue继续。根据“Three years later he finally got his new legs”可知此处表示他能够继续他的运动生涯。故选D项。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，在他40多岁的时候，命运再次发生了黑暗的转折。A. sudden突然的，意外的；B. sharp急剧的；C. dark黑暗的，模糊的；D. good好的。根据下文“Three years after that, he was diagnosed with lymph cancer.”可知此处表示命运再次发生了黑暗的转折。故选C项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：1993年，他腿上的残肢开始发病，又有三分之一的小腿被截肢。A. existed 存在；B. rose 上升；C. developed 发展；D. fixed修理。由下文“third of his lower legs be amputated”可知他又有三分之一的小腿被截肢。可以推知，应该是他腿上的残肢又开始发病了。故选C项。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在2018年最后一次成功登顶之前，他曾尝试过另外四次登顶，但每次都遭到了幸运女神的冷遇。A. Contrary相反的；B.Previous以前的，早先的；C. Back后面的，过去的；D. Similar相似的。根据“he had tried four other times to climb to the summit”可知表示在2018年最后一次成功登顶之前。故选B 项。
【29题详解】
考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：在2018年最后一次成功登顶之前，他曾尝试过另外四次登顶，但每次都遭到了幸运女神的冷遇。A. tough nut大胆果断的人，暴躁的人；B. red carpet红地毯；C. cold shoulder冷遇，闭门羹；D. last straw最后一根稻草，最后一击。根据转折词but可知此处表示每次都遭到了幸运女神的冷遇。故选C项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时67岁的他距离峰顶只有94米，但是一场暴风雪挡住了他的去路。A. blanketed覆盖，遮掩；B. smoothed使顺利，缓和；C. bathed沐浴；D. blocked阻塞。根据but a snow storm可知此处表示暴风雪挡住了他的去路。故选D项。
【31题详解】
.考查名词词义辨析。句意：考虑到队员的安全，夏做出了令人心碎的决定，回去。A. honour尊敬；B. struggle斗争，冲突；C. credit信用，信誉；D. safety安全。根据上文a snow storm可知此处表示考虑到队员的安全。故选D项。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：考虑到队员的安全，夏做出了令人心碎的决定，回去。A. final最终的，决定性的；B. disappointing令人失望的；C. wise明智的，聪明的；D. heartbreaking令人心碎的。根据decision to go back可知这个决定是令他心碎的。故选D项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：5月14日，站在世界最高峰的山顶上，夏如释重负，一种强烈的成就感油然而生。A. tiredness疲劳，疲倦； B.pain疼痛；C. relief解除，减轻； D. loneliness孤独。根据“standing on the peak of the highest mountain in the world”可知此处表示此时他如释重负。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：“我不后悔我所做的东西，接受生活扔向我的一切，但我从未停止过反抗命运”，夏说，强调实现一个人的梦想无关年龄，残疾或他人的想法和期望，但与自己坚定的信念有关。A. distributed to分配给，分发给；B. provided for供养，供给，规定，为…作准备；C. arranged for为…作安排，为…作准备；D. thrown at扔向，掷向。根据“accepted everything”可知此处接受生活扔向我的一切。故选D项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我不后悔我所做的东西，接受生活扔向我的一切，但我从未停监过抗命运，”夏说，强调实现一个人的梦想无关年龄，残疾或他人的想法和期望，但与自己坚定的信念有关。A. challenges挑战；B. determination决心；C. misfortune不幸；D. belief 信仰。根据fighting against可知此处表示与命运作斗争，反抗命运。故选C项。
第二节：语法填空(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Fifty years ago, China successfully launched its first satellite, Dongfanghong 1, and started ____36____ new chapter in space exploration. ____37____ (mark) its 50th anniversary, the China National Space Administration announced the name for the country’s Mars planetary exploration program on April 24.
The mission, Tianwen got its name from a long poem Tianwen ____38____ (write) by Qu Yuan, a famous poet of the Warring States Period. In the poem, Qu raised a series of questions ____39____ (concern) the sky, stars, natural phenomena, myths and the real world, reflecting his doubts on traditional ideas ____40____ his pursuit (追求) of truth.
So far, China ____41____ (make) remarkable progress in space exploration. In 1970, China launched its first man-made Earth satellite, becoming the fifth country in the world to launch man-made satellites ____42____ (independent). Over the past few years, China’s missions, including the Shenzhou and Change series were designed to explore outer space, expanded ___43___ (mankind) understanding of Earth and the universe.
This time, the Tianwen series will carry out the first Mars exploration mission, ____44____ represents a milestone for Chinas move toward deep space.
_____45_____ the names deep roots in Chinese traditional culture, Tianwen demonstrates the determination and perseverance of Chinese people to move further into deep space.
【答案】36. a 37. To mark
38. written
39. concerning
40. and 41. has been making##has made
42. independently
43. mankind’s
44. which 45. With
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国太空探索方面的历史发展以及成功发射“天问”系列的意义。
【36题详解】
考查冠词。句意：50年前，中国成功发射了第一颗卫星“东方红1号”，开启了太空探索的新篇章。分析句子可知，句中泛指一个新篇章，故空格处应用不定冠词，“new”单词音标的第一个音素为辅音音素，故应用不定冠词“a”。故填a。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：为了纪念其50周年，中国国家航天局于4月24日宣布了该国火星行星探测计划的名称。根据句意可知，句中“为了纪念其50周年”是“宣布火星行星探测计划的名称”的目的，故应用不定式作目的状语，“mark”意为“纪念”，动词词性，不定式符号“to”后接动词原形，句首单词首字母大写。故填To mark。
【38题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：“天问”的名字来源于战国时期著名诗人屈原的一首长诗《天问》。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“got”且句中无连词，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“Tianwen”与“write”之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用“write”的过去分词“written”，作后置定语。故填written。
【39题详解】
考查介词。句意：在这首诗中，屈原提出了一系列关于天空、星星、自然现象、神话和现实世界的问题，反映了他对传统观念的怀疑和对真理的追求。根据句意可知，屈原提出的问题是“关于”天空、星星、自然现象、神话和现实世界的，故空格处应用“concerning”，意为“关于”，介词词性。故填concerning。
【40题详解】
考查连词。句意：在这首诗中，屈原提出了一系列关于天空、星星、自然现象、神话和现实世界的问题，反映了他对传统观念的怀疑和对真理的追求。根据句意可知，句中“his doubts on traditional ideas”和“his pursuit (追求) of truth”之间为并列关系，故应用连词“and”，表示并列。故填and。
【41题详解】
考查时态。句意：到目前为止，中国在太空探索方面取得了显著的进展。根据句意和句中“So far”可知，句中应用现在完成时表示动作开始于过去并持续到现在，句子主语“China”与“has”连用，“make”的过去分词为“made”；或用现在完成进行时表示动作开始于过去，持续到现在，并在将来可能仍然要继续下去，“make”的现在分词为“making”。故填has been making/has made。
【42题详解】
考查副词。句意：1970年，中国发射了第一颗人造地球卫星，成为世界上第五个独立发射人造卫星的国家。分析句子可知，句中“launch”意为“发射”，动词词性，应用副词修饰，“independent”意为“独立的”，形容词词性，对应的副词为“independently”，意为“独立地”。故填independently。
【43题详解】
考查名词所有格。句意：在过去的几年里，中国的任务，包括“神舟”和“嫦娥”系列，旨在探索外层空间，扩大了人类对地球和宇宙的理解。分析句子可知，“understanding”意为“理解”，名词词性，前面应用名词所有格修饰，“mankind” 意为“人类”，名词词性，名词所有格为“mankind’s”。 故填mankind’s。
【44题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这一次，“天问”系列将执行第一次火星探测任务，这是中国探索外太空的一个里程碑。根据句意和句子结构可知，句子为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“天问”系列将执行第一次火星探测任务这件事，故应用关系代词“which”引导从句。 故填which。
【45题详解】
考查with的复合结构。句意：“天问”的名字深深植根于中国传统文化，它展示了中国人向更深层空间迈进的决心和毅力。分析句子可知，句中涉及“with的复合结构”，即“with+宾语+宾语补足语”，在句中作状语，故空格处应用“with”，句首单词首字母大写。 故填With。
第四部分基础知识(共两节，满分15分)
第一节 完成句子(共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分)
46. We should not ________(匆忙下结论) all the advertisements give false information to promote products.（根据汉语提示完成句子）
【答案】jump to conclusion
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：我们不应该草率地认为所有的广告都提供了虚假信息来促销产品。根据汉语提示“匆忙下结论”可知短语为jump to conclusion，且should not后跟动词原形。故填jump to conclusion。
47. As media channels have grown in number and type, ________.（广告也一样）（根据汉语提示完成句子）
【答案】so have advertisements.
【解析】
【详解】考查倒装句。句意：随着媒体渠道在数量和类型上的增长，广告也在增长。根据句意和句子结构可知，“so+ be动词/情态动词/助动词+主语”结构，意为“……也是”，表示前句所述的肯定的情况也适用于另一主语，故填：so have advertisements.
48. Kate wins the first prize in the English contest and ________(被认为)a model for others to learn from. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
【答案】is considered as##is regarded as
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：凯特在英语比赛中获得一等奖并被认为是其他人学习的榜样。根据空格前and可知，空格处应填谓语动词，且和主语Kate 之间的关系为被动，结合前半句时态可知，此处应填一般现在时的被动语态，且主语为第三人称单数形式，所以应填is considered as/is regarded as。故填is considered as/is regarded as。
49. Genome editing allows geneticists to ________(对……作出改变) the genome by correcting, adding, deleting or replacing specific parts of the genetic material. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
【答案】 make changes to
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：基因组编辑允许遗传学家通过修正、添加、删除或替换遗传物质的特定部分来改变基因组。根据汉语提示“对……作出改变”可知短语为make changes to，且上文为短语allow sb. to do sth.。故填make changes to。
50. We must do a lot to make intelligent robots ________（对我们有利）, otherwise our future would be at risk. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
【答案】beneficial to us
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们必须做很多来让智能机器人对我们有利，否则我们的未来将会面临风险。make作使役动词时，构成固定结构：make+sb./sth.+adj.(形容词作宾语补足语)，意为“使......怎么样”，根据汉语提示及句意，故填beneficial to us。
第二节 单词拼写(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
根据所给单词的首字母或汉语完成下列句子，每空一词。
51. A terrible fire broke out yesterday, leaving the whole flat seriously d ________ .（根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】destroyed##estroyed
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：昨天发生了一场严重的火灾，整个公寓都被严重毁坏了。分析句子结构可知，此处考查leave+宾语+宾语补足语，空格处应填分词作宾语补足语，和宾语之间的关系为被动，结合句意可知应填destroyed。故填destroyed。
52. Though Tom is ________(致力于) to improving his English, the result seems a little disappointing.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】devoted##dedicated
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：虽然汤姆致力于提高他的英语，结果似乎有点令人失望。根据汉语提示“致力于”可知短语为be devoted/dedicated to，故填devoted/dedicated。
53. With great d________ (辨识力), everyone has the potential to be a critical news reader.（根据中英文提示填空）
【答案】discrimination##iscrimination
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：每个人都有强大的辨识力，都有潜力成为一个批判性的新闻读者。根据汉语提示“辨识力”可知，应填名词discrimination，作宾语，不可数。故填discrimination。
54. His paper published articles about politics and social issues, a________ government officials of dishonesty. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】accusing
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他的报纸出版有关政治和社会问题的文章，指责政府官员的不诚实。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填非谓语动词，结合句意以及首字母可知，空格处与逻辑主语“articles about politics and social issues”之间的关系为主动，所以应填accusing。故填accusing。
55. A common technique to make an impact is to create a ________ slogan. (令人难忘)（根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】memorable
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：产生影响力的一个常用技巧就是创造一个令人难忘的口号。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填形容词作定语，结合空格前“a”以及所给汉语提示可知，应填memorable。故填memorable。
56. If someone makes a bad mistake which ________ (无意中)harms their own interests, they are said to have scored an own goal.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】unintentionally
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：如果某人犯了一个严重的错误，无意中损害了自己的利益，他们就被称为“乌龙”。根据汉语提示“无意中”，可知应填副词unintentionally，作状语修饰动词harm。故填unintentionally。
57. I am full of excitement about the possibilities this s________ advance can bring and I hope to share my excitement with you today. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】scientific##cientific
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我对这一科技进步所带来的可能性充满了兴奋，我希望今天能与你们分享我的兴奋之情。根据单词首字母以及句意“科学的”可知应填形容词scientific，作定语。故填scientific。
58. Bad living habits will affect our chances of c ________ certain diseases. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】contracting##ontracting
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：不良的生活习惯会影响我们感染某些疾病的机会。根据单词首字母以及句意“感染”，可知应填动词contract，此处作介词的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填contracting。
59. Most acupuncturists have now s________ to stainless steel needles. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】switched##witched
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：大多数针灸师现在都改用不锈钢针。根据单词首字母以及句意“改用”，可知应填动词switch，作谓语，结合上文have可知为现在完成时，空处填过去分词。故填switched。
60. Given the rate at which artificial i________ is being developed, our wildest dreams will actually come true in the near future. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】intelligence##ntelligence
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：考虑到人工智能的发展速度，我们最疯狂的梦想在不久的将来就会实现。根据单词首字母以及句意“智能”，可知应填名词intelligence，作主语。故填intelligence。
第五部分书面表达 (满分30分)
61. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为 150 左右。
The event that stands out in Tom's memory happened one morning when Tom was only ten years old. He was at home with his elder sister Jane. Tom was doing his homework when he heard raised voices. At first he thought nothing of it since customers in the motorcycle shop directly below their flat often became loud, but he soon realized this time it was different.
“Quick! Quick! Remove the motorcycles from the shop.” someone shouted.
Then a thick burning smell filled the air. When Tom opened the front door of their flat to investigate, a thick cloud of smoke greeted him. The motorcycle shop had caught fire and people were running and crying.
Jane, who had been playing the violin in her room, hurried to the living room. They rushed out of the door and along the corridor(走廊) through the smoke.
They were heading towards the stairway at the far end of the corridor when Jane suddenly stopped. She turned around and headed back the way they came. Tom had no idea what she was doing, but he followed her.
Jane had suddenly remembered the lady in her 70s who lived next door to them, whom they called Makcik. Jane began banging on Makcik's door, but got no answer. As the smoke thickened around them, Tom could see many of their neighbors running for safety. The thought of fear crossed his mind.
“She might have run for safety like everyone else!” Tom cried. However, Jane refused to give up. “I know Makcik's still inside.” She said she was familiar with Makcik's daily routine and was certain she would still be sleeping. She hit against the door. “Go downstairs. Go now! Go!”
Paragraph 1:
Tom noticed the flame was reaching up.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
Luckily, some neighbors passing by stopped and offered help.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Paragraph 1:
Tom noticed the flame was reaching up. Frozen with fear, he stood rooted to the spot and held Jane's hand tightly. Both of them were coughing heavily. Time seemed to stand still, though they were probably there for only two or three minutes. Tom begged Jane to run for safety as quickly as possible. Jane tried to protect her nose from the choking smoke and shook her head. She hit against the door again and again.
Paragraph 2:
Luckily, some neighbors passing by stopped and offered help. A sense of strength immediately replaced the fear and anxiety in Jane's mind. She told them Ms. Makcik must be still in the room. They forced the door open with all their strength. Sure enough, Makcik was inside the room, lying in bed, unconscious. She was carried downstairs and then rushed to the hospital, where she finally came to herself. People in the neighborhood felt relieved and Jane and Tom were very happy.
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇读后续写作文。
【详解】通过阅读所给文章可知，文章主要记叙了Tom和姐姐Jane在家时，楼下摩托车店突然失火。他们冲出门，穿过浓烟，穿过走廊。Jane突然想起了住在他们隔壁的一位70多岁的老太太，想要告诉她让她逃生。
续写部分分为两段，第一段开头是：Tom注意到火焰正在上升。所以后文应该是讲述火烧上来后他们的反应，Tom吓呆了，像生了根似的站在原地，紧紧地抓住Jane的手，他们两个都咳嗽得很厉害。Jane还是坚持撞门。第二段开头是：幸运的是，一些路过的邻居停下来提供帮助。本段应该写他们和邻居一起救出了老太太的经过。
最后还要注意所续写短文的词数应为150左右。
【点睛】本文描写详略得当，使用了高级词汇和高级句子。如：both of, for safety, as quickly as possible等高级词汇；让步状语从句Time seemed to stand still, though they were probably there for only two or three minutes.；定语从句She was carried downstairs and then rushed to the hospital, where she finally came to herself.等高级句式。