八年级下英语各单元知识点
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Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?
短语:
go on vacation
stay at home
go to the mountains
go to the beach
visit museums
go to summer camp
quite a few
study for
go out
most of the time
taste good
have a good time
of course feel like go shopping in the past walk around too many because of one bowl of find out go on take photos something important up and down come up 语法:
Where did you go on vacation? I went to New York City.
Did you go out with anyone? No, No one was here. Everyone was on vacation. Did you buy anything special? Yes, I bought something for my father. How was the food? Everything tasted really good.
Did everyone have a good time? Oh,yes. Everything was excellent. 惯用法:
1. buy sth for ab./ buy sb. sth 为某人买某物 2. taste + adj. 尝起来……
3. nothing ….but + V.(原形) 除了……之外什么都没有 4. seem + (to be) + adj 看起来
5. arrive in + 大地方 / arrive at + 小地方 到达某地 6. decide to do sth. 决定做某事
7. try doing sth. 尝试做某事 / try to do sth. 尽力做某事 8. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 9. want to do sth. 想去做某事 10. start doing sth. 开始做某事 11. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 12. look + adj 看起来
13. dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事
14. Why not do sth. 为什么不做…….呢?
15. so + adj + that + 从句 如此……以至于……
16. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人(不要) 做某事
17. keep doing sth. 继续做某事
18. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 / forget doing sth 忘记做过某事
词语辨析:
anywhere 与 somewhere 两者都是不定副词。
anywhere 在任何地方 , 常用于否定句和疑问句中。I can‟t find it anywhere. somewhere 在某处,到某处,常用于肯定句。 I lost my key somewhere near here. 2. seem + 形容词 看起来….. You seem happy today.
seem + to do sth. 似乎、好像做某事 I seem to have a cold
I seems / seemed + 从句 看起来好像…;似乎…. It seems that no one believe you. seem like ….好像,似乎….. It seems like a god idea.
3. decide to do sth.决定做某事 They decide to visit the museum. decide + 疑问词 + 动词不定式 He can not decide when to leave.
4. start doing sth = start to do sth. 开始,可与begin 互换 。He started doing his homework. 但以下几种情况不能用begin .
创办,开办: He started a new bllkshop last month. 机器开动: I can‟t start my car
出发,动身: I will start tomorrow morning.
5. over 介词,多于,超过,在…以上(表示数目、程度)
= more than My father is over 40 years old.
在…之上,与物体垂直且不接触,与 under 相反。 There is a map over the blackboard. 超过: I hear the news over the radio. 遍及: I want to travel all over the world.
6. too many 太多,后接可数名词复数: Mother bought too many eggs yesterday. too much 太多,修饰不可数名词,修饰动词作状语
We have too much work to do. Don‟t talk too much. much too 太,修饰形容词或副词。
The hat is much too big for me. You‟re walking much too fast.
分辨三者的口诀: too much, much too, 用法区别看后头: much 后接不可数, too 后修饰形或副。 too many 要记住,后面名词必复数。
7. because of 介词短语,因为,由于,后接名词、代词或动名词,不能接句子。 He can‟t take a walk because of the rain.
because 连词,因为,引导状语从句,表示直接明确的原因或理由。 I don‟t buy the shirt because it was too expensive.
Unit 1 Exercise 一. 补全对话:
Anna: Hi, Jane. Where you go on vacation last week? Jane: I ______ to Penang in _______. Anna: Who _____you go with? Jane: I went with my ______. Anna: What did you do?
Jane: The weather was hot and _______ on Monday, so we went _________on the beach. Then in the afternoon, we________ bicycles to Georgetown. Anna: Sounds good!
Jane: Well, but the nest day was not good. My________ and I went to Penang Hill, but the weather___________ really bad and rainy. We _________ a long time for the train and we were _________ and cold because we forgot to bring an ___________. Anna: Oh, no!
Jane: And that‟s not all! We also didn‟t bring_________ money, so we only had one bowl of rice and some fish. 二. 汉译英
1. 当学生们在说话时,王老师进来了。(as )
2. Tom踢足球不错,但是我踢得也一样好。(as )
3. 我对他不够熟悉。(enough)
4. 他感觉像在游泳一样。(feel like )
5. 你想和我在公园散步吗?(feel like )
6. 为什么不试着骑车去上学呢?(try)
7. 我不能决定我该去哪儿. (decide)
8. 为什么不把你儿子带来参加聚会?(bring)
9. 我差点忘了我的钥匙。(forget)
10. 我不喜欢玩电脑游戏。 (dislike)
11. 他是一个留着短发的高个子小孩。 (with)
12. 他跑得非常快,没有人能追上他。(so……that……)
13. 她每天早晨早起以便能赶上早班公共汽车。(so…that…)
14. 我告诉他不要在墙上画画。(tell…not to do…)
Unit 2 How often do you exercise? 短语:
help with housework go shopping on weekends how often hardly ever once a week twice a month go to the movies every day use the Internet be free have dance and piano lessons swing dance play tennis stay up late at least go to bed early play sports be good for go camping in one‟s free time not….at all the most popular such as go to the dentist more than old habits the hard less than 语法要点:
What do you usually do on weekends? I always exercise.
What do they do on weekends? They often help with housework. What does she do on weekends? She sometimes goes shopping.
How often do you go to the movies? I go to the movies maybe once a month. How often does he watch TV? He hardly ever watches TV. Do you go shopping? No, I never go shopping. 惯用法:
1. help sb. with sth 帮助某人做某事
2. How about…? ….怎么样?/ ….好不好?
3. want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事
4. How many + 可数名词复数+ 一般疑问句 ….有多少…..
5. 主语+ find+ that 从句 …发现…
6. It‟s + adj.+ to do sth. 做某事是….的
7. spend time with sb. 和某人一起度过时光
8. ask sb. about sth. 向某人询问某事
9. by doing sth. 通过做某事
10. What‟s your favorite…..? 你最喜欢的……是什么? 11 start doing sth. 开始做某事
12. the best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式 词语辨析:
1. how often 多久一次,用来提问动作发生的频率。回答用:once,twice, three times 等词语。 How often do you play sports? Three times a week.
how long 多长,用来询问多长时间,也可询问某物有多长。
How long does it take to get to Shanghai from here? How long is the ruler?
how for 多远, 用来询问距离,指路程的远近。 How far is it from here to the park? It‟s about
2 kilometers. free 空闲的,有空的, 反义词为 busy. be free 有空,闲着,相当于 have time. I‟ll be free next week. = I‟ll have time next week.
还可作“免费的、自由的”解。
be free to do sth. 自由地做某事。 The tickets are free. You‟re free to go or to stay.
How come? 怎么会? 怎么回事?表示某件事情很奇怪,有点想不通;可单独使用,也可引导一个问句, 相当于疑问句 why, 但 how come 开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍然是陈述语序。 How come Tom didn‟t come to the party? = Why didn‟t Tom come to the party? stay up late 指“熬夜到很晚,迟睡”。 Don‟t stay up late next time.
stay up 指“熬夜,不睡觉”。 He stayed up all night to write his story.
go to bed 强调“上床睡觉”的动作及过程,但人不一定睡着。
I went to bed at eleven last night. go to sleep 强调“入睡,睡着,进入梦乡”。
She was so tired that she went to sleep soon. find + 宾语 +名词,
发现 : We have found him (to be) a good boy. find + 宾语 + 形容词,
发现: He found the room dirty.
find + 宾语 + 现在分词, 发现 : I found her standing at the door. percent 百分数, 基数词 + percent: percent 没有复数形式,作主语时,根据所修饰的名词来判断谓语的单复数。 Forty percent of the students in our class are girls. Thirty percent of time passed.
more than 超过,多于,不仅仅, 相当于 over. 在句型转换中考查两者的同义替换。反义词组为:less than. I lived in Shanghai for more than / over ten years.
9. afraid 形容词, 担心的,害怕的,在句中作表语,不用在名词前作定语。
I‟m afraid we can‟t come here on time.
be afraid of sb / sth 害怕某人 / 某事;
be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事。
Some children are afraid of the dark. Don‟t be afraid of asking question. I‟m afraid + 从句, 恐怕, 担心:
I‟m afraid I have to go now. 10. sometimes , sometime, some times , some time 的区别:
sometimes 频度副词, 有时。表示动作发生的不经常性,多与一般现在时连用,可位于句首、句中或句末。 Sometimes I get up very early. ------How often do you get up?
sometime 副词,某个时候。 表示不确切或不具体的时间,常用于过去时或将来时,对它用疑问词when. I will go to Shanghai sometime next week. ------When will you go to Shanghai next week?
some times
名词词组, 几次,几倍。其中time 是可数名词,对它提问用how many times. I have read the story some times. -------How many times have you read the story?
some time 名词短语, 一段时间. 表示“一段时间”时,句中谓语动词常为延续性动词,提问时用 How long. I „ll stay here for some time. -----How long will you stay here?
Unit 2 Exercise 补充练习:
一、补全对话
A. What do Tom and Mike _______do on weekends?
B: They sometimes go to the museum.
A: _______ do they go to the shopping center?
B: _______ ever. Maybe about twice a month.
A: _______ do they watch TV?
B: Mike never watch TV, but Tom watches TV _______ day
. A: Oh, I‟m just like Tom. I ______ watch TV ,too.
二、汉译英
1. 我经常帮他学英语。(help …with…)
2. 这个故事我读了好几遍了。( have read….some times )
3. 我将在这待一段时间。 (some time)
4. 几乎没有剩下的食物。 ( hardly )
5. 你多久锻炼一次? (how often )
6. 我用刀切面包。 (use )
7.吃蔬菜对你有益(be good for)
8.农场上有多少个工人?(How many)
9.玛丽问我关于我生日聚会的一些事情。(ask sb. about sth . )
10.他发现没有人能回答他的问题。(find)
11.我发现他正站在门口(find)
12.男生中的百分之七十喜欢电脑游戏。(percent)
13.没有一个人知道这个问题的答案。(the answers to the questions)
14.尽管下了一天雨了,但是那些男孩们仍在外面玩耍(although)
15.我认为对于动物来说呆在笼子里是没有益的。(is good for)
16.他通过他的朋友得到了这份工作。(through)
17.来和我们一起过周末吧。(spend)
18.我害怕乘飞机旅行。(be afraid to do sth.)
19.有些小孩怕黑。(be afraid of sb./sth,)
20. 我们在这儿住了不到两年(less than six)
Unit 3 I‟m more outgoing than my sister
短语归纳:
1. more outgoing 2. as...as...
3. the singing competition 4. the most important 5. be talented in music 6. the same as
7. care about 8. be different from 9. be like a mirror 10. as long as
11. bring out 12. get better grade 13. reach for 14. touch one‟s heart 15. in fact 16. make friends 17. be good at 18. the other 19. be similar to 20. be good with
短语用法:
1. have fun doing sth. 享受做某事的乐趣
2. want to do sth. 想要做某事
3. as + 形容词或副词的原级 + as 与…一样…
4. be good at doing sth 擅长做某事
5. make sb. Do sth. 让某人做某事
6. It‟s+ 形容词 + for sb. To do sth.. 对某人来说,做某事是……的
语法知识:
Is Tom smarter than Sam? No,he isn‟t. Sam is smarter than Tom.
Is Tara more outgoing than Tina? No, she isn‟t. Tina is more outgoing than Tara. Are you a friendly as your sister? No, I‟m not. I‟m friendlier. Does Tara work as hard as Tina? Yes, she does.
Who‟s more hardworking at school? Tina thinks she works harder than me.
词语辨析:
laugh v. & n. 笑
We all laughed loudly when she made a joke. 她说了个笑话,我们都大声笑起来。
We all laughed at his joke. 听了他的笑话我们都笑起来。
He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑在最后,谁笑得最好。/不要高兴得太早。 (与at连用)嘲笑
Don‟t laugh at him. 别嘲笑他。
People have often laughed at stories told by seamen. 人们常常嘲笑海员所讲的故事。 Everyone laughed at his foolish antics. 大家都笑他那种愚蠢的滑稽动作。
笑;笑声 We had a good laugh at his joke. 我们被他的笑话逗得哈哈大笑。 though conj. 虽然;纵然;即使;尽管 = although
Though it was raining,he went there. 虽然当时正下着雨,他还是到那里去了。
Though he was poor he was happy. 虽然他很穷却很快乐。
注意:不能受汉语的影响,在though引导的从句后使用but。如: Though he was poor,but he was happy.(误)
though adv.. 不过,可是,然而,常用于句末,用逗号隔开。
Jim said that he would come, he didn‟t , though.
语法讲解:
形容词与副词的比较级
大多数形容词(性质形容词)和副词有比较级和最高级的变化,即原级、比较级和最高级,用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形,比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。 1.规则变化
单音节词和少数双音节词,加词尾-er,-est来构成比较级和最高级。 构成法 原级 比较级 最高级
一般单音节词末尾加-er,-est
tall(高的) great(巨大的) taller greater
tallest
greatest 以不发音的e结尾的单音节词和少数以-le结尾的双音节 词只加-r,-st nice(好的) large(大的)
nicer larger nicest
largest 以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词,双写结尾的辅 音字母,再加-er,-est big(大的) hot(热的)
bigger hotter biggest
hottest “以辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,改y为i,再加-er, -est easy(容易的)
busy(忙的)
easier busier easiest busiest 少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词末尾加-er,-est
clever(聪明的) narrow(窄的)
cleverer narrower cleverest
narrowest 其他双音节词和多音节词,在前面加more,most来构成比较级和最高级 important(重要的) easily(容易地) more important more easily
most important
most easily 2.不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级
good(好的)well(健康的)
better best bad(坏的)ill(有病的)
worse worst old(老的)
older/elder oldest/eldest much/many(多的)
more most little(少的)
less least far(远的)
farther/further farthest/furthest
Unit 4 What‟s the best movie theater
句型:
It has the biggest screens.
The DJs choose songs the most carefuuly.
How do you like it so far? 到目前为止,你认为它怎么样? Thanks forget telling me.
Can I ask you some questions? 短语:
so far 到目前为止,迄今为止 no problem 没什么,别客气
have….in common 有相同特征(想法、兴趣等方面)相同 be up to 是….的职责 all kinds of ….. 各种各样的…… play a role 发挥作用,有影响 make up 编造(故事、谎言等) for example 例如
take …..seriously 认真对待 not everybody 并不是每个人 close to 离….近 more and more 越来越…… 常用法:
Can I ask you some…….
How do you like……. 你认为……怎么样 \
Thanks fpr doing sth.
What do you think of ……..
much + 形容词或副词比较级 …….得多 watch sb do sth 观看某人做某事
play a role in doing sth. 发挥做某事的作用
one of +可数名词复数 …..之一…… 语法:
What‟s the best movie theater to go to ?
Town Cinema. It‟s the closest to home. And you can buy tickets the most quickly there?
Which is the worst clothes store in town?
Dream Clothes. It‟s worse than Blue Moon. It has the worst service. What do you think of 970 AM?
I think 970 AM is pretty bad. It has worst music.
对话:
Greg: Hi, I‟m Greg. I‟m new in town.
Helen: Hi, I‟m Helen. Welcome to the neighborhood! How do you like it so far?
Greg: It‟s fantastic, but I still don‟t really know my way around.
Helen: Well, the best supermarket is on Center Street. You can buy the freshest food there.
Greg: Oh, great. Is there a cinema around here? I have watching movies.
Helen: Yes, Sun Cinema is the newest one. You can sit the most comfortably because they have the biggest seats.
Greg: Thanks for telling me. Helen: No problem.
练习,用括号里的词的适当形式填空。
1. We went to the __________(bad) restaurant in town last night. The menu had only 10dishes and the service was not good at all.
2. Blue Moon is ______________(good), but Miler‟s is _____________(good ) in town.
3. The Big Screen is _________________(expensive) than most cinemas, but Cinema City is ____________(expensive). 4. Movie City has the __________ (bad) service, but we can sit the_______________ (comfortably)there.
5. Johnny Dep acted the _________________(good) in that movie. He‟s much ____________(good) than other actors at finding the ________________(interesting) role. 阅读短文回答问题。 Who‟s Got Talent?
Everyone is good at something, but some people are talented. It‟s always interesting to watch other people show their talents. Talent shows are getting more and more popular. First, there were shows like American Idol and American‟s Got Talent. Now, there are similar shows around the world, such as China‟s Got Talent.
All these shows have one thing in common: They try to look for the best singers, the most talented dancers, the most exciting magicians, the funniest actors and so on. All kinds of people join these shows. But who can play the piano the best or sing the most beautifully? That‟s up to you to decide. When people watch the show, they usually play a role in deciding the winner. And the winner always gets a very good prize. However, not everybody enjoys watching these shows. Some think that the lives of the performers are made up. For example, some people say they are poor farmers, but in fact they are just actors. However, if you don‟t take these shows too seriously, they are fun to watch. And one great thing about them is that they give people a way to make their dreams come true. What do talent shows have in common? Who decides the winner?
Why do some people not like these shows? Why do some people like these shows? What do you think of these shows?
用所给词的最高级填空。
good cheap popular comfortably bad
Dumpling House is _____________ restaurant in the city. You can get a big plate of dumplings for only five yuan.
Spring Park is ________________ place in the city on weekends. Many families go there with their young children. Lots of old people like to take walks there , too.
You can rest _______________ at Flower Hotel. Their rooms are clean and big.
109.9 FM plays _______________music . The songs are always boring and too loud.
Pephigh School is ________________ in this town. They have big classrooms, fantastic teachers and an excellent sports center.
Unite 5 Do you want to a game show?
短语:
find out be ready to dress up take sb. place do a good job
think of game show learn from talk show soap opera go on watch a movie one of….. watch a movie try one‟s best a pair of as famous as look like around the world
have a discussion about one day such as a symbol of something enjoyable interesting information 句型:
----What do you think of talk shows? ----I don‟t mind them.
I hope to be a TV reporter one day. How about you? 常用法:
let sb. do sth. plan to do sth. hope to do sth. happen to do sth. expect to do sth. How about doing…… be ready to do sth. try one‟s best to do sth. 语法:
Do you want to watch the news? Yes, I do . / No, I don‟t.
What can you plan to watch tonight? I plan to watch Days of Our Past. What do you expect to learn from sitcoms? You can learn some great jokes.
Why do you like watching the news? Because I hope to find out what‟s going on around the world. What do you think of talk shows? I don‟t mind them./ I can‟t stand them!/ I love watching them! 对话:
Grace: What did you do in class today,Sarah?
Sarah: We had a discussion about TV shows. My classmates like game shows and sports shows. Grace: Oh, I can‟t stand them. I live soap opera. I like to follow the story and see what happens next. Sarah: Well, I don‟t mind soap opera. But my favorite TV shows are the news and talk shows.
Grace: They may not be very exciting, but you can expect to learn a lot from them. I hope to be a TV reporter one day.
补全对话:
A:What do you plan to watch on TV tonight?
B: I hope to _______, but I also want to ________. How about you? Do you _______ a talk show or____? A: Oh, I want to ________.
阅读短文完成时间轴并回答问题。
When people say “culture”, we think of art and history. But one very famous symbol in American culture is a cartoon. We all know and love the black mouse with two large round ears---Mickey Mouse. Over 80years ago, he first appeared in the cartoon Steamboat Willie. When this cartoon came out in New York on November 18,1928, It was the first cartoon with second and music. The man behind Mickey was Walt Disney. He became very rich and successful. In the 1930s, he made 87 cartoons with Mickey.
Some people might ask how this cartoon animal became so popular. One of the main reasons is that Mickey was like a common man, but he always tried to face any danger. In his early films, Mickey was unlucky and had many problems such as losing his house or girlfriend, Minnie. However, he was always ready to try his best. People went to the cinema to see the “little man” win. Most of them wanted to be like Mickey.
On November 18,1978, Mickey became the first cartoon character to ha a stay on the Hollywood Walk of Fame .Today‟s cartoons are usually not so simple as little Mickey Mouse, but everyone still knows and loves him. Who has a pair of ears more famous than Mickey‟s? Steamboat Willie came out in New York.
( 2 ) ( 3 )
—————— ————————
1930s November 18,1978 (1) 20世纪30年代 1978年11月18日
1. What is Mickey Mouse a symbol of? What cartoon character is a symbol of Chinese culture?
2. Do you think Walt Disney is a smart man? Why or why not? Do you want to be like him?
3. Why did people want to be like Mickey? Do you want to be like Mickey? Why or why not?
4. Can you think of another cartoon character that is as famous as Mickey? Why7 is the character popular?
用下列词语填写电影评论。
fantastic shows action want comes from played about exciting plan
Mulan is an __________ __________movie. It __________an old Chinese story. The movie is_________ an old Chinese story. The movie is _______ a village girl, Mulan. She dresses up like a boy and takes her father‟s place to fight in the army. I think the actress _________Mulan‟s role well.The other actors are also ________and they did a good job in the movie. I _______ Mulan very much. The movie ________her love for her family, friends and country. If you ________ to watch a movie this weekend and you _______ to see something enjoyable, choose Mulan. 根据你的实际观点回答问题。 What do you think of game shows?
What comedy shows do you like to watch? Do you plan to watch a sports show tonight? What can you expect to learn from the news? 编对话。
A: What do you plan to watch on TV tonight?
B: I hope to ______________, but I also want to _______________.How about you? Do you _________________ a talk show or______________?
A: Oh, I want to ___________________. 用所给词语造句,使对话通顺。
A: _______________________________________(what/think of/ soap operas)
B: _______________________________________(can‟t stand)
A: ________________________________________(what show/ want to watch/ tonight)
B: ________________________________________(talent show)
A: ________________________________________(what expect to learn/ game show)
B: ________________________________________(interesting information?)
A: _________________________________________(what/ hope to watch/ tomorrow)
B: _________________________________________(news)
A: __________________________________________(do/ play to watch/comedy)
B: _________________________________________( no/ plan to watch/ comedy)
1.the other, the others, other, others,another 辨析
the other 表示特指两个或者两部份中的另一个或另一部分,可直接单数名词或复数名词。表示两个中的一个……另一个……时,常用one …the other…。例:
He has two brothers, one is a teacher, the other is a doctor.
There are forty students in our class. twenty-one are girls, the other nineteen are boys. the others 特指某一范围内的其他的(人或物),是the other的复数形式,相当于the other+复数名词。the other + 复数名词 = any other + 名词单数。例: You two stay here, the others go with me.
I‟m different from Jeff because I‟m louder than the other kids (any other kid) in my class. other
作代词或形容词,可修饰可数名词单数或复数。
例: We learn Chinese, Maths, English and other subjects. others 作代词,泛指“其他的人或物”。 例:
Some students are doing homework,others are talking loudly. another 泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”,只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。
例: I don‟t like this one. Please show me another one.
3.find out 查明,弄清楚,find 找到
Please find out when Mrs Green will go to Beijing.
4. go on 发生,与 take place 同义 I wonder what was going on.
翻译:隔壁发生了什么?
happen v.发生,一般指偶然发生,主语为事,不能为人。
Sth + happens to sb. A traffic accident happened to his elder brother yesterday. Sth + happens + 地点/时间,意为:某地/某时发生了某事 An accident happened on Park Street. happen v,表示“碰巧”,主语可以是人,后常跟动词不定式to,表示“碰巧……”. Sb + happens to do sth.
I happened to see my uncle on the street
. * take place 意为“发生,举行,举办”,一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”,即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。例:
Great changes have taken place in China. The meeting will take place next Friday.
expect v. 期待,盼望,预期,后常接四种结构:
1)expect + 名词/代词,期待某事/某人,预计……可能发生。
I‟m expecting Li Lin‟s letter. 2)expect to do sth. 预计做某事
Lily expects to come back next week. 3)expect sb. to do sth.
I expect my mother to come back early. 4)expect + 从句 预计……
I expected that I‟ll come back next Monday.
. serious a. 严肃的,认真的。 He is a serious man. be serious about sb/sth. 对某人/某事当真
Peter is serious about Jenny. He wants to get married to her.
be serious about doing sth. 对某事当真
____He‟s serious about selling his house.
Unit 6 I’m going to study computer science
短语:
grow up every day be sure about make sure send…to… be able to the meaning of different kinds of the meaning of in common at the beginning of write down have to do with take up hardly ever too…to… 短语用法:
want to do sth. be going to + 动词原形 practice doing sth. keep on doing sth. learn to do sth. finish doing sth promise to do sth. help sb. to do sth. remember to do sth. agree to do sth. love to do sth.
be going to 的用法
be going to + 动词原形——表示将来的打算、计划或安排。常与表示将来的tomorrow, next year等时间状语或when 引导的时间状语从句连用。各种句式变换都借助be 动词完成,be随主语有am, is, are 的变换,going to 后接动词原形。 肯定句: 主语 + be going to + 动词原形 + 其他。He is going to take the bus there.
否定句: 主语 + be not going to + 动词原形 + 其他 I‟m not going to see my friends this weekend.
一般疑问句: Be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他
肯定回答: Yes, 主语 + be.
否定回答: No,
主语 + be not. Are you going to see your friends this weekend? Yes ,I am. / No, I‟m not. 特殊疑问句: 疑问词 + be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他?
What is he going to do this weekend? When are you going to see your friends?
2) 如果表示计划去某地,可直接用 be going to + 地点 We are going to Beijing for a holiday.
3) 表示位置移动的动词,如go , come, leave 等常用进行时表示将来。 The bus is coming. My aunt is leaving for Beijing next week.
4) be going to 与 will 的区别:
① 对未来事情的预测用“ will + 动词原形”表达,will 没有人称和数的变化,变否定句要在will 后面加not, 也可用will 后面加 not,或者缩略式won‟t, 变一般疑问句将will 提至 句首。 Will planes be large in the future? Yes, they will. / No, they won‟t. ②will 常表示说话人相信或希望要发生的事情,而be going to 指某事肯定发生,常表示事情很快就要发生。 I believe Lucy will be a great doctor.
③ 陈述将来的某个事实用will. I will ten years old next year.
④表示现在巨大将来要做的事情用 will. I‟m tired I will go to bed.
⑤ 表示意愿用will. I‟ll tell you the truth.
⑥ 表示计划、打算要做的事情用 be going to, 而不用 will. I‟m going to buy a computer this month.
---Let‟s discuss the plan, shall we? ----Not now. I ______ to an interview. A. go B. went C. am going D. was going
------Jack is busy packing luggage. ---Yes. He _________for America on vacation. A. leaves B. left C. is leaving D. has been away 语法:
What do you want to be when you grow up? I want to be an engineer.
How are you going to do that? I‟m going to study math really hard. Where are you going to work? I‟m going to move to Shanghai.
When are you going to start? I‟m going to start when I finish high school and college. 对话:
Andy: What are you reading, Ken?
Ken: The Old Man and the Sea by Hemingway.
Andy: Wow, now I know why you‟re so good at writing stories. Ken: Yes, I want to be a writer.
Andy: Really? How are you going to become a writer?
Ken: Well, I‟m going to keep on writing stories, of course. What do you want to be? Andy: My parents want me to be a doctor, but I‟m not sure about that.
Ken: Well, don‟t worry. Not everyone knows what they want to be. Just make sure you try your best. Then you can be anything you want!
Andy: Yes, you‟re right. 补全对话:
A: Kelly, what do you want to be _________you grow up? B: I _______ to be a doctor.
A: Wow! _________ are you going to do that? B: I‟m ________ to study medicine, at a university.
A: Hmm…sounds difficult. ________are you _______to study? B: I‟m going to ______ in London. A: ________are you going to start?
B: I‟m going to _________next September.
阅读短文将每段文章(1-3)与所给短语主要意思搭配起来,在能帮你做出决定的单词与短语下划线。 To question the ides of making resolutions. To give the meaning of resolution
To discuss the different kinds of resolutions
1. Do you know what a resolution is? It‟s a kind of promise. Most of the time, we make promises to other people. (“Mon, I promise I‟m going to tidy my room when I get back from school.”)However, promises you make to yourself are resolutions, and the most common kind is New Year‟s resolutions.
______.When we make resolutions at the beginning of the year, we hope that we are going to improve our lives. Some people write down their resolutions and plans for the coming year. This helps them to remember their resolutions. Others tell their family and friends about their wishes and plans.
2. There are different kinds of resolutions. Some are about physical health. For example, some people promise themselves they are going to star an exercise program of eat less fast food. Many resolutions have to do with self-improvement _________,Some people might say they are going to take up a hobby like painting or taking photos, or learn to play the guitar. Some resolutions have to do with letter planning, like making a weekly plan for schoolwork,___________.
3. Although there are differences, most resolutions have one thing in common. people hardly ever keep them!____________ sometimes the resolutions may be too difficult to keep. Sometimes people just forget about them. For this reason, some people say the best resolution is to have no resolutions! How about you—will you make any next year? 你认为下列句子符合文中哪一段,将字母填入文章中。 These are about making yourself a better person.
For example, a student may have to find more time to study. There are good reasons for this.
The star of the year is often a time for making resolutions.
用所给单词完成句子。
take listen make is help learn are
Resolutions __________promises to yourself. They may _______ to make you a better person and to make your life easier. I am going to ________ four resolutions.
The first resolution is about my own personal improvement. Next year, or maybe sooner, I am going to _______ up a new hobby. I think singing _______a great activity so I am going to ______to sing .
I think this will also make my family happy because they love to ______to music and sing together.
补全对话:
A: What do you ________to be when you grow up? B: I want ____________ a scientist.
A: Wow! That sounds cool. But it‟s also difficult. _______are you ________to do that? B: After I finish high school, I‟m ________to go to university. A: ________ are you _______ to study?
B: In Hefei. I‟m _______to study there for four years.
A: I think I want __________ a teacher. I‟m ________to teach in Wuhan.
1 promise vt. 保证,许诺。有三种结构:
1)promise to do sth. _____My mother promised to buy a piano for me. 2)promise sb. sth. _____ My aunt promised me a bike.
3)promise + that 从句_____ Tom promises that he can return on time. promise n. 允诺, 诺言
Lily is a dishonest girl. She never keeps a promise. 2.when 与 while 的区别: when 表示“当…时候”,既指时间点,又指一段时间,when 引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性的也可以是延续性的。
When the teacher came in, the students were talking. When she arrives, I‟ll call you. while 表示“当…时候”,仅指一段时间,从句中的动作必须是延续性的,一般强调主从句的动作同时发生, while 还可以作并列连词,意为“ 而、却”,表示对比关系。 Lisa was singing while her mother was playing piano. Tom is strong while his younger brother is week.
3. practice vt. 练习, 后接名词,代词或v-ing 作宾语。 Your elder sister is practicing the guitar in the room. 常跟v-ing 作宾语的动词有:
考虑建议盼原谅:consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon. 承认推迟没得想:
admit, delay/put off, fancy.
避免错过继续练:
avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice.
否认完成能欣赏: deny, finish, enjoy, appreciate. 不禁介意与逃亡: can‟t help , mind, escape. 不准冒险凭想象: forbid, risk, imagine. 4. everyday 与 every day 区别
everyday adj. 每天的 在句中作定语,位于名词前。
This is our everyday homework. every day 副词短语, 在句中作状语,位于句首或句末。 He reads books every day.
Unit 7 Will people have robots? 短语:
on computers on paper live to be 200 years old free time in danger on the earth play a part in sth space station look for computer programmer in the future huandreds of the same…as over and over again get bored wake up look like fall down 用法:
will + 动词原形 将要做 fewer/more + 可数名词复数 更少/更多… less/more + 不可数名词 更少/更多 try to do sth. 尽力做某事
have to do sth 不得不做某事 agree with sb. 同意某人的意见 such + 名词(词组) 如此 play a part in doing sth 参与做某事 make sb do sth 让某人做某事 help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事 There will be + 主语 + 其他 将会有…. There is/are + sb. + doing sth 有…正在做… It is + 形容词 + for sb + to do sth 做某事对某人来说…的
语法:
What will the future be like? Cities will be more polluted. And there will be fewer trees. Will people use money in 100 years? No, they won‟t. Everything will be free. Will there be world peace? Yes, I hope so.
Kids will stuffy at home on computers. They won‟t go to school.
Countable nouns Uncountable nouns There will be more people. There will be more pollution. There will be fewer trees. There will be less free time. 对话:
Nick: What are you reading, Jill? Jill: It‟s book about future.
Nick: Sounds cool. So what will the future be like?
Jill: Well, cities will be more crowded and polluted. There will be fewer trees and the environment will be in great danger. Nick: That sounds bad! Will we have to move to other planets. Jill: Maybe. But I want to live on the earth. Nick: Me, too. Then what can we do?
Jill: We can use less water and plants more trees. Everyone should play a part in saving the earth. 用more, less,fewer 填空。
In the future, there will be ________fresh water because there will be _______pollution in the sea. In 100 years, there will be ______cars because there will be _______people in the cities.
There will be ________job for people because ________ robots will do the same jobs as people. I think there will be ________cities because people will build________buildings in the country. In 50 years, people will have _______ free time because there will be ________things to do.
读文章并把每段与其讨论的问题答案搭配。
Paragraph 1 Will robots think like humans in the future. Paragraph 2 What will robots be like in the future? Paragraph 3 What can robots do today?
Paragraph 4 What are robots like in movies? Do You Think You Will Have Your Own Robots?
When we watch movies about the future, we sometimes see robots. They are usually like human servants. They help with the housework and do jobs like working in diary or dangerous places.
Today there are already robots working in factories. Some can hope to build cars, and they do simple jobs over and over again. Fewer people will do such jobs in the future because they are boring, but robots will never get bored. Scientists are now trying to make robots look like humans and do the same things as we do. Some robots in Japan can walk and dance. They are fun to watch. However, some scientists believe that although we can make robots move like people, it will be difficult to make them really think like a human. For example, scientist James White thinks that robots will never be able to wake up and know where they are. But many scientists disagree with Mr. White. They think that robots will even be able to talk like humans in 25 to 50 years.
Some scientists believe the there will be more robots in the future. However, they agree it may take hundreds of years. These new robots will have many different shapes. Some will look like humans, and others might look like animals. In India, for example, scientists made robots that look like snakes. If buildings fall down with people, these snake robots can help look for people under the buildings. This was not possible 20 years ago, but computers and rockets also seemed impossible 100 years ago. We never know what will happen in the future!
用短文的单词填空。
Some robots are very human-like. They can walk and _______people. Some scientists think that in the future they will ________robots more like humans. This may not ______ in the near future, but at some point, robots will even be able to _______ like people.However, some scientists_______.
James White believes that robots will not be able to do the _______things as we can. For example, he thinks that robots will ________ be able to wake up and know where they are. Which side do you _______with? 读“What will your life be like in the future?”短文,用所给单词填空。
meet work live look keep wear more less fewer take
In 20 years, I think I‟ll be a newspaper reporter. I‟ll ________in Shanghai, because there will be _______jobs in that city. As a reporter, I think I will _______lots of interesting people, so I‟ll have more friends. I‟ll have ______ pets, because it‟ll be too small. So I‟ll probably just ______a bird. During the week, I‟ll________smart clothes. On the weekend, I‟ll _______less smart but I‟ll be more comfortable. In the future, people will _______more so they‟ll probable have fewer vacations, but I think I‟ll _______a holiday in Hong Kong when possible. One day I‟ll even go to Australia. 补全对话:
Girl: Mon, what will the future _________like?
Mom: Well, no one knows what the future will be _________.
Girl: But ______ I be beautiful like you?________I be a pilot? I want to fly up into the sky. Mom: You‟re already beautiful. And you should study hard. Then you _____be a pilot. Girl: OK,I must study hard then.
Mom: But you should also remember that ______ will ______ both good and bad things in life. Girl: Oh, but I‟m not scared. Mom, because you ________ help me! 词语辨析:
1. every 与 each 的区别:
every 用来表整体,each 用来表个别。each 最低需是两,every 最低需是三。every adj.
every 作主用单数,each 可单也可复,作主、作定用单数,其他情况用复数。 each adj./ pron. Every teacher knows her.
There are lots of trees on each side of the road. Each of the road has a dictionary.
2. on the earth 在地球上,作地点状语,位于句首或句末。 on earth 究竟,到底。用于疑问句或副词后,加强语气。
All the living things on the earth depend on the sun. / What on earth do you mean? 3. human, 指包括男人女人孩子的“人,人类”,有别于动物,自然景物,机器等的特殊群体,也可指具体的人。 person, 无性别之分,常用于数目不太大,而且数目比较精确的场合。 people, 泛指“人们”,表示复数概念。
man,前不带冠词而且单独使用时,指“男人”,a man 可指“一个人/ 一个男人”,复数形式为men. He was the only human on the island. There are only three persons in the room. There are many people there. Man is stronger than woman.
4. seem 连系动词,好像,似乎,看来。有下面几种用法: seem + 名词 看起来。He seems a nice man.
seem like 好像,似乎。 It seemed like a good idea at the time.
seem to do sth. 似乎/看起来/好像做某事。
I seem to have left my book at home. It seems/seemed that 看起来好像…, 似乎….
He was very happy.
seem to be + 形容词/名词 = seem + 形容词/名词。
She seems to be happy.= She seems happy. 5. probably ad. maybe 相当于 perhaps. 也许,大概,可能。作状语. probably 用于句中,可能性最大。
He will probably come tomorrow. maybe/perhaps 用于句首。 Maybe/Perhaps you are right.
during / for / in 介词,在……期间。说到某事是在某一段时间之间发生的用during; 说到某事持续多久则用for; 说到某事具体发生的时间用in.
We visited many places of interest during the summer holiday. I‟ve been here for two weeks. They usually leave school in July. 一般将来时结构:
肯定式: 主语 + will/shall + 动词原形 + 其他 will 用于各种人称,shall 用于第一人称。 主语 + be going to + 动词原形 + 其他 be 随人称、数和时间的变化而变换。 否定式: 在will/shall/be 后面加 not. will not = won‟t . 一般疑问句: 将will/shall/be 提到主语前面。 There be 句型的一般将来时:
There will be + 主语 + 其他 ,意为 :将会有。一般疑问句形式为: Will there be + 主语 + 其他。 肯定回答是: Yes, there will. 否定回答是: No, there won‟t. 否定形式是:There won‟t be + 主语 + 其他, 将不会有……
特殊疑问句是: 疑问词/ 词组 + 一般疑问句? When will there be a nice basketball match?
Traveling to space is no longer just a dream. Russia______the first hotel in space in the near future. A. builds B. will build C. built D. has built
There ______ a football match on CCTV-5 at nine tomorrow evening. A. will have B. is going to be C . is having In 50 years there _______more robots in people‟s homes.
A. were B. will have C. will be D. have --Will people live to be 300 years old? ---_________.
A. No, they aren‟t B. No, they won‟t C. No, they don‟t D. No, they can‟t They ______any classes next week. A. will have B. won‟t have C. have D. had
Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake? 短语:
milk shake turn on pour into a cup of yogurt a good idea on Saturday cut up put into one more thing a piece of at this time a few fill…with… cover…with… one by one a long time 短语用法:
How many + 可数名词复数 How much + 不可数名词 let sb. + do sth. want + to do sth. forget + to do sth. how + to do sth. There are many reasons for 一段时间 +ago by + doing sth.
need + to do sth. make + 宾语 + 形容词
It‟s time(for sb) + to do sth First…Next…Then…Finally… 句型:
Turn on the blender.
How do you make a banana milk shake? How many bananas do we need?
How much yogurt do we need? Now, it‟s time to enjoy the rice noodles! 语法:
How do you make a banana milk shake? First, peel the banana. Next, put the banana in the blender. Then, pour the milk into the blender. Finally, turn on the blender.
Countable nouns Uncountable nouns How many bananas do we need? How much yogurt do we need? We need three bananas. We need one cup of yogurt. 主谓一致判断法:
不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
动名词或动词不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also..连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词与邻近的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。
在here, there 开头的倒装句中,谓语动词与后面的名词在数上保持一致。 对话:
Anna: Sam, I want to make Russia soup for a party on Saturday. Can you tell me how?
Sam: Sure. First, buy some beef, one cabbage, four carrots, three potatoes,five tomatoes and one onion. Then,cut up the vegetables.
Anna: What‟s next?
Sam: Next, put the beef,carrots and potatoes into a pot and some water. After that,cook them for 30 minutes. Then, and the cabbage,tomatoes and onion and cook for mother 10 minutes. Anna: OK,that‟s it?
Sam: No, one more thing.Finally, don‟t forget to add some salt. 完成句中并配对。
1. _____do you make popcorn. a. Half a cup.
2. _____corn do we do next? b. _____,put the corn into the popcorn machine. 3. ______do we do next? c.Yes,we can.
4. ______salt do we need? d. Next, ______on the machine, _______, add the salt. 5. Now can we eat it? e. just one spoon. 阅读短文回答问题。
Thanksgiving in the United States
In most countries, people usually eat traditional food on special holidays. A special day in yhe United States is Thanksgiving. It is always on the fourth Thursday in November, and is a time to give thanks for food in the autumn. At this time, people also remember the first travelers from England who came to live in America about 400 years ago.These travelers had a long, hard winner, and many of them died. In the next autumn, they gave thanks for life and food in their new home.These days, most Americans still celebrate this idea of giving thanks by having a big meal at home with their family. The man dish of this meal is almost always turkey, a large bird. Making a turkey dinner
Here is one way to make turkey for a Thanksgiving dinner. First, mix together some bread pieces,onions,salt and peper. Next, fill the turkey with this bread mix.
Then, put the turkey in a bot oven and cook it for a few hours.
When it is ready,place the turkey on a large plate and cover it with gravy.
Finally, cut the turkey into thin pieces and eat the meat with vegetables like carrots and potatoes. Where do people celebrate Thanksgiving? When do people celebrate it? Why do people celebrate it? How do people celebrate it now?
What is the main dish of the Thanksgiving meal? 阅读短文用所给单词填空:
cook next wash finally have enjoy first cut Yunnan Rice Noodles
In Yunnan, many people eat rice noodles for breakfast, and even for lunch and dinner. To make this special food, you need to ______ rice noodles, chicken soup, chicken, lettuce and eggs. (Of course , you can also have other things like fish and different vegetables.)_______.______the lettuce and cut it up. ______, ________ the chicken into pieces. Then, make the chicken woup very hot, over 100℃. Then, _____ the eggs, meat and lettuce in the pot of hot soup. Now, it‟s time to ______ the rice noodles! 词语辨析:
turn on 打开,接通(电源,气,水),反义词是turn off. turn up/turn down 调高/低音量。 pour…into… 将…倒入/灌入… into 是:进入… in 是:在…内。
在put, throw, break, lay, fall 等动词之后,既可用in,也可用into。但in可作副词,into不能。 He put all the books in/into the bag. Come in!
3. 有关make 的短语: make the bed 铺床 make tea 沏茶 make trouble 惹麻烦 make money 赚钱 make a decision 做决定 make a telephone call 打电话 make a visit 拜访 make a mistake 犯错误 make a noise 弄出噪音 make a living 谋生 make sure 务必
4. one more thing = another one thing 基数词 + more + 名词 = another + 基数词 + 名词 5. fill with 用…填充… be filled with = be full of 充满….
The boy filled the bottle with sand. / The bag was full of clothes.
6. cover…with… 用…把…覆盖 be covered with 被…所覆盖。 cover n. 封面,盖子。 Ann covered her face with her hands. / The cover of the magazine is nice. 7. It‟s time (for sb) to do sth. 到某人做某事的时候了。 It‟s time for sth. 到做某事的时候了。
Unit 9 Can you come to my party? 短语:
on Saturday afternoon have to prepare for go to the doctor have the flu help my parents come to the party meet my friend go to the party too much homework go to the movies another time last fall hang out after school on the weekend study for a test visit grandparents the day before yesterday the day after tomorrow
have a piano lesson look after accept an invitation turn down an invitation take a trip at the end of this month look forward to the opening of reply in writing go shopping do homework go to the concert not…until 短语用法:
invite sb. to do sth. What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 (+ 主语 + 谓语)! help sb. (to) do sth What + 形容词 + 名词复数/不可数名词(+ 主语 + 谓语)! be sad to do sth. see sb to do sth / see sb doing sth the best way to do sth. have a surprise party for sb look forward to doing sth. reply to sth/sb.
What‟s today? What‟s the date today? What day is it today? 句型:
Can you come to my party on Saturday afternoon?
Sure, I‟d love to. / Sorry, I can‟t. I have to prepare for an exam. 语法:
Can you come to my party on Saturday? Sure, I‟d love to. /Sorry, I must study for a math test.
Can you go to the movie tomorrow Sure. That sound great. / I‟m afraid not. I have the flu. night?
Can he go to the party? No, he can‟t. He has to help his parents.
Can she go to the baseball game? No, she‟s not available. She must go to the doctor.
Can they go to the movie? No, they‟re not free. They might have to meet their friends. 对话:
Jeff: Hey, Nick, can you come to my house on Saturday? My cousin Sam from Xi‟an is going to be here. Nick: Oh,Sam. I remember we went like riding together last fall when he visited you. Jeff: Yes, that‟s right.
Nick: I‟d love to come, but I‟m afraid I can‟t. I have an exam on Monday so I must prepare for it.
Jeff: That‟s really too bad! Oh, but Sam isn‟t leaving until next Wednesday. Can you hang out with us on Monday night. Nick: Sure! Catch you on Monday. 补全对话:
watch TV on the weekend my cousin visit my grandparents practice the violin A: What are you going to do on Saturday?
B: I‟m not sure. I might______________________. A: What are you panning to do after school? B: I don‟t know.__________________.
A: When will you finish the science homework? B: ______________________________________. A: Who are you going to the movies with?
B: _____________________________________. A:Are you free to come to my place on Saturday? B: ________________________________。 阅读短文回答问题,把原因与消息匹配。
1. accept an invitation 2. make an invitation 3. turn down an invitation Message
New Reply Forward Delete Print Move to Hi David,
What a great idea! I really like Ms. Steen a lot. She helped me to improve my English so much. I‟m sad to see her go, and this party is the best way to say “Thank you and goodbye.”I can help to buy some of the food and drinks. I can also help to bring Ms. Steen to the party. I already have a great idea about how to do that. He Wei Hi David,
Thanks so much for planning this. I‟d love to come to the party, but I‟m not available. My family is taking a trip to Wuhan at the end of this month to visit my aunt and uncle. However, I‟d still be glad to help out with any of the party preparations, like planning the games. Let me know if you need my help. Jack
Dear classmates,
As I‟m sure you know by now, Our favorite teacher, Ms Steen ,is leaving soon to go back to the US. We‟re very sad that she‟s leaving because she is a fun teacher. To show how much we‟re going to miss her, let‟s have a surprise party for her next Friday the 28th!
Can you come to the party? If so, can you help with any of these things? Please tell me by this Friday. Buy good and drinks. Think of games to play.
Prepare things we need for the games(glue, paper, pens……)
Bring Ms. Steen to the party without telling her so that she can be surprised. I look forward to hearing from you all. David
What kind of party is it? Who is the party for? When is the party?
Who did David invite to the party? What can people do at the party? 阅读邀请回答问题。 Dear Parents,
I would like to invite you to the opening of our new library at No.9 High School. The opening will be on the morning of Wednesday, January 8th at 9:00. After this ,you can enjoy our school concert.Then lunch will be in the school hall at 12:00. I would also like to invite each parent to bring one book as a gift for the new library. Please reply in writing to this invitation by Friday, December 20th. Larry Smith Headmaster
Who is making the invitation? What is the invitation for? When will the event happen? What will happen after this?
Do parents have to bring anything?
How should people reply to this invitation, and when? 补全对话:
A: Hi, Peter. _______ you come to my party______the weekend? B: Sure. _______ love to.
A: How about ________,Jenny?
C: I‟m afraid I ___________.I _________to look after my little cousin. A: _____you come,Jeff?
D I ______ be able to, but I‟m not sure. ________let you know tomorrow. 词语辨析:
prepare意为“准备”,强调准备的动作与过程。宾语是这一动作的承受者。其后也可接双宾语,还可接不定式。 prepare for sth. 为…准备好。for的宾语不是动作的承受者,而是表示准备的目的,即所要应付的情况。 / prepare to do sth 准备做某事。
prepare 强调准备的动作与过程。宾语是这一动作的承受者。其后也可接双宾语,还可接不定式。 get/be ready意为“准备好”,强调准备的结果。常见结构有:①be ready(for sth.)②get sth. ready ③be ready(for sth)④be get ready to do(准备干某事,乐于干某事) We _____ the mid-term examination.
Miss Li said, “Everyone should ______before class.
2. have the flu 患感冒 have a cold 感冒 have a cough 咳嗽 have a fever 发烧 have a sore throat 喉咙痛 have a headache 头痛 have a toothache 牙痛
3. hang out 常去某处,泡在某处 hang on 紧紧抓住 hang about 闲荡 hang up 挂电话,悬挂,挂起 4. catch you = bye bye catch a cold 感冒 catch sb‟s eye 引起某人注意 catch the train 赶上火车 catch up with 赶上,,跟上 catch hold of 抓住
5.accept 接受 , 反义词为: refuse。 accept指主观上愿意接受,receive 收到,指客观上收到或拿到,但主观上不一定会接受。 I received his gift yesterday, but I wouldn‟t like to accept it.
turn down = refuse 拒绝 turn up 放大,调高 turn over 翻身 take turns 依次,轮流
help sb.(to) do sth 帮助某人做某事 help sb. with sth 在某方面帮助人 help oneself to sth 随便吃 at the end of 在…末尾,在…尽头, by the end of 到…末为止 in the end of 终于 surprised 形容词,感到意外的,主语是人be surprised to do sth 对做某事感到意外 surprising 形容词,令人惊讶的,主语是物 The news was surpring.
surprise 名词,惊奇、惊讶 to one‟s surprise 动词,使惊奇,使感到意外 It surprise sb to do sth. look forward to 期待,盼望,to 是介词,后跟名词,代词或动名词作宾语。 hear from sb. 收到某人的来信 = receive a letter from sb. hear of = hear about 听说
make it 在约定的时间内到达,能够来 = arrive in time; Glad you could make it.
商量确定的时间,表示将来某项计划的安排,后接时间状语。 Let‟s make it at seven o‟clock on Tuesday. 成功办成某事 = succeed After years of hard work, he finally made it.
reply 回答,指用口头或书面形式回答,不及物动词 reply to sb/sth. 对…..作出回答。 作及物动词,意为 回答,回答说。作名词,意为:答道,回信,答复,后跟介词 to . answer 是最普通的用语,包括口头,书面或行动的回答,可作及物和不及物动词。
Unit 10 If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time! 短语:
go to the party have a great /good time stay at home take the bus tomorrow night have a class party have a class meeting half the class make some food
at the party order food potato chips be angry with sb. give sb some advice travel around the world go to college make(a lot of)money get an education
work hard a soccer player keep…to oneself talk to sb. in life in the end be angry at/about sth make mistakes in the future run away the first step in half solve a problem school clean-up 习惯用法:
ask sb. to do sth give sb sth. tell sb. to do sth too…to do sth be afraid to do sth. advise sb to do sth It‟s best (not)to do sth. need to do sth 语法:
I think I‟ll take the bus to the party. If you do, you‟ll be late.
What will happen if they have the party today? If they have it today, half the class won‟t come.
Should we ask people to bring food? If we ask people to bring food, they‟ll just bring potato chips and chocolate. 对话:
Jeff: Hey, Ben. For the party next week,,should we ask peopke to bring food?
Ben::No, let‟s order food from a restaurant. If we ask people to bring food. they‟ll just bring potato chips and chocolate because the‟ll be too lazy to cook.
Jeff: OK. For the games, do you think we should give people some small gifts if they win? Ben: I think that‟s a great idea! If we do that, more people will want to play the games. Jeff: Yes, the games will be more exciting, too. 用所给词的正确形式填空: Dear Su Mei,
I don‟t _______(know) what to _________(do) about going to Mike‟s birthday party tomorrow night. My parents_________(think) I should study for my English exam next week. If I _______(go) to the party, they____(be) upset. Mike________(tell)us to wear nice clothes, but I don‟t ________(have) any. If I ________(wear) jeans, I_______(look) the worst. Also, I‟m not sure how to_______(go) to the party. if I______(walk), it___________(take) me too long. If I _______(take) a taxi, it __________(be) too expensive. Can you give me some advice, please? Tina
读短文,选出与文章主旨大意相符的句子,并回答问题。 If people have problems, they should get advice from an expert. If people have problems, they should keep them to the other people. If people have problems, they should keep them to themselves.
Students these days often have a lot of worries. Sometimes they have problems with their school-work, and sometimes with their friends. What can they do about this? Some people believe the worst thing is to do nothing. Laura Mills, a teenager from London, agrees. “Problems and worries are normal in life,” says Laura. “But I think talking to someone helps a lot. Unless we talk to someone, we‟ll certainly feel worse.”
Laura once lost her wallet, and worried for days. She was afraid to tell her parents about it. She ever walked three miles to school each day because she didn‟t have any money. She just kept thinking, “If I tell my parents, they‟ll be angry! In the end, she talked to her parents and they were really understanding. Her dad said he sometimes made careless mistakes himself. They got her a new wallet and asked her to be more careful.. “I will always remember to share my problems in the future!” Laura says.
Robert Hunt advises students about common problems. He feels the same way as Laura. “It is best not to run away from our problems.We should always try to solve them.” He thinks the first step is to find someone you trust to talk to. This person doesn‟t need to be an expert like himself. Students often forget that their parents have more experience, and are always there to help them. In English, we say that sharing a problem is like cutting it in half. So you‟re halfway to solving a problem just by talking to someone about it.!
What is the worst thing to do if you have a problem?
Why didn‟t Laura want to tell her parents about her lost wallet?
What is the first thing you should do when you want to solve a problem? Why can our parents give us good advise about out problems? 用下列的短语填空
discuss your problems tell her parents unless you talk run away from talk to someone share her problems to do nothing
Students often have a lot of problems and worries. Laura Mills thinks the worst thing is _________ . She thinks you‟ll feel worse if you don‟t ____________about your problems. Laura remembers that she once lost her wallet and was afraid to _________about it. Now she believes you cannot feel better__________to someone. She says she will always________in the future. Robert Hunt agrees with Laura. He thinks you should not _____your problems, but you should try to solve them. If you cannot talk to an expert like Robert, you can _____ with your parents because they have a lot of experience. 用单词完成对话:
A: Hi,Sally. ______you______to the party tomorrow?
B: I ______to, but I can‟t.
A: Oh! But______you don‟t to to the party, you______miss all the fun! B: I know, But I got into a _______with my parents.
A: Hmm….then you should just say_______to your parents. B: I guess you‟re right. I ________talk to them tonight. 用所给的单词填空:
meeting teenager video experience
If my family travels to a new country this summer, I‟ll send you a letter about my_______. Will you watch the_______with me if you‟re free this weekend? If the_______stay out too lat, their parents will worry about them. I‟ll go to the _______
新人教版八年级下册英语知识点总结
Unit 1 Will people have robots?
1. 形容词,副词的比较等级考查热点透视:
1)表示A与B在程度上相同时,“as+形容词或副词的原级+as”结构。表示A不如B时,可用“not as\so+形容词或副词的原级+as”结构。
2)表示A与B在程度上“更…….”时,可用“形容词或副词的比较级+than”结构。
3)表示三者或三者以上的比较,其中一个在程度上“最……”时。常用“the+形容词或副词的最高级”结构,后面可带“of\in的短语”来说明比较的范围。(注意:副词的最高级在句中常省略“the”。)
4)在形容词或副词的比较级前,可以用“a little, even, far, much, still”等词语来修饰,以加强语气。
5)表示“越来越…..”时,常用“形容词或副词的比较级+and+形容词或副词的比较级”结构,但要注意,对于多音节和部分双音节形容词。副词而言,若要表达此意时,要用“more and more + 形容词或副词的原级”结构。
6)在表示“其中最……之一”的含义时,常使用“one of + the + 形容词最高级形式 + 名词复数”结构,其中的定冠词the不可以省略。
7)如果强调“两者中比较……的(一个)”的意思时,可使用“the + 形容词比较级 + 其它”结构。
8)表示“越…..越…..”,可使用“the + 形容词或副词的比较级,the +形容词或副词的比较级”结构。
2. 一般将来时:
1)一般将来时的构成:由助动词shall 或will 加动词原形构成,shall 用于第一人称,will用于各种人称,will 在名词或代词后常省略为 ’ll,will not = won’t. 这个时态的肯定,否定和疑问结构可表示如下:
肯定句
I \ We + shall \ will go. You \ He \ She \ They will go.
否定句
I \ We + shall \ will not go. You \ He \ She \ They will not go.
疑问句
Shall I \ we go? Will you \ he \ she \ they go?
用“be going to +动词原形”也可表示将来时,表示将要发生的事,打算或决定要做得事。
2)一般将来时的用法:表示将要发生的动作或情况;不以人的意志为转移,肯定要发生的事情。The day after tomorrow will be National Day. 后天是国庆日。
3. in \ after:in 是以现在时间为起点的“在一段时间以后”,也可以表示“在将来多少时间之内”,句子中的谓语动词要用一般将来时态;after常指以过去时间为起点的“一段时间之后”,所以它与过去时态连用。当after指某个特定的未来时刻或日期之后,或指以将来某一时间为起点的若干时间之后时,它可以与将来时态连用。
4. more, less, fewer的用法区别:more为many, much 的比较级,意为“更多”,可修饰可数与不可数名词。many + 可数名词的复数;much + 不可数名词;less 是little 的比较级,意为“更好,较少”,后接不可数名词;fewer 是few 的比较级,意为“更少”,后接可数名词复数。(注意:few, little 表示否定“几乎没有”;a few, a little 表示肯定“一点,几个”)
5. would like sth 意思为“想要某物”;would like to do 意思为“想要做某事”。回答would like 句型的一般疑问句时,其肯定回答为“Yes, please.”; 否定回答“No, thanks.”或“I’d like \ love to, but ……”
6. such 作形容词,意思是“如此的”“这样的”,修饰各种名词。
1)such这样的 It is such bad weather. 天气如此恶劣。
2)such 常和as搭配,表示一种类别。 We enjoy such a voice as hers. 我们喜欢象她那样的嗓子。
3)such常和表示结果的that 从句搭配,表示“如此……以至于…..” It was such a hot day that we all had to stay at home. 天气今天如此热,以至于我们全天必须呆在家里。
4)such ….. that ….. 和so….. that ….. 都可用来引出一个结果状语从句。由于such 是形容词,所以that 从句前有一个受such修饰的名词;而so是副词,用以修饰形容词或副词,因此that从句前一般不出现名词。They are such kind-hearted teachers that people in the village all respect them. 他们是如此心善的老师,在乡村人们全部都尊敬他们。
The exam was so difficult that many students failed to pass it. 考试如此的困难,以至于许多的孩子们 a) 如果名词是可数名词的单数形式,such和so的位置不同:such + a \ an + 形容词 + 单数名词; so + 形容词 + a \ an + 单数名词。 b) 如果名词是不可数名词或名词复数,只可用such,不能用so:such + 形容词 + 不可数名词或复数名词
c) 如果被修饰的不可数名词被much, little, 或复数名词被many, few等表示量的形容词修饰时,用so,不用such. d) 当little 表示“年纪小的”时。可用such + little + 名词。
7. be able to 为“能,会”,表示能力,在这个意义上与can的意思相同,一般情况下两者可以互换,但can只有现在式和过去式(could)而be able to 则用于更多的时态,主要体现在be的变化。两者在用法上有一些差异:can \ could 表示主观能力不表示意愿,它的将来时用will be able to, 而be able to 表示主观意愿强调克服困难做事情。
Unit 2 What should I do?
1. loud是形容词,loud-louder-loudest意思是“响亮的”;作副词时,常与talk, sing, laugh等词连用,如speak loud; loudly“大声地”带有喧闹的意味,常用来修饰shout, cry, call, knock等动词,通常没有比较级和最高级,作状语;aloud副词,出生地,大声地,仅指发出声音(以使能被听得见)。
2. enough为形容词,意思是“足够的”;enough + n 修饰名词;adj \ adv + enough 修饰形容词或副词;enough to do 足够做某事
3. present, gift 礼物:gift 带有一定的感情色彩,通常指昂贵的“礼物”,强调送礼人的诚意,有时有“捐赠”之意,多用于正式场合;present指为表达情谊,敬意或出于礼节,在某特定时刻或场合赠送的“礼物”,此礼物价值不一定高。make sb a present of 把...作为礼物送给
4. borrow, lend: borrow“借入”,借给“即说话人向他人借东西 borrow sth. from sb.; lend“借出,借给”即说话人把自己的东西借给他人lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb.
5. except, besides除…..之外:except 除了….都,besides强调“除了…..之外还有…..”在no one, nobody, nothing等词后加介词but也表示“除了”。
6. find out, find, look for: find out“找出,发现,查明”多指通过调查,询问,打听,研究之后搞清楚,弄明白或指找出较难找到的,无形的抽象的东西;find“找到,发现”通常指找到或发现有形的东西也可指偶然发现某物的某种情况,强调找的结果;look for“寻找”强调动作。
7. talk about谈到,谈论;talk of谈到,说到;have a talk with与….谈谈,做报告;talk to sb.对….谈话;talk with sb.与…..交谈;talk to sb. 和talk with sb. 均表示“和某人谈话”,“讲话”;talk to sb. 比较常用,侧重一方谈,一方听;talk with sb.侧重双方交谈;talk about sb. 则表示“谈论某人”。
8. miss 和lose:miss意思为“发现丢失”“觉得不在”;lose意思为“丢失”“失去”。在本质上,miss是一种主观感觉,而lose是一种客观结果。
9. be used to doing 习惯于做某事;used to do过去常常,暗含与现在明显的不同,只用于过去时;be used to do 是use 的被动语态,意思是…..被用来做某事。
10. own 与have:own强调的是拥有,占有某物为自己的财产,但所占有的东西目前不一定是由人使用,强调所有权;have为普通动词,表示的所有关系。of one’s own 完全属于某人自己的;on one’s own独立地,自愿地;with one’s own ears亲耳
11. attend, join, take part in:attend“出席,参加,上学”,attend school上学;attend meeting出席会议;take part in参加,是指参与某项活动;take an active in积极参加;join参加,当join用于加入某个团体或组织,成为其中的一员,后面直接跟名词,当join表示参加某项活动时后面跟介词in.
Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?
1. 过去进行时:
1)过去进行时由“was \ were +动词ing”形式构成。以动词work为例,其肯定式,否定式,疑问式以及简略答语见下表:
肯定式:I \ He \ It was working. We \ You \ They were working.
否定式:I \ He \ It was not working. We \ You \ They were not working.
疑问式和简略回答:Was I working? Yes, you were. Was he working? No, he wasn’t.
注意:was not 常省略为wasn’t;were not常省略为weren’t
2)过去进行时的用法:过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间,除有上下文暗示以外,一般用时间状语来表示。
2. not…..until直到…..才;表示动作在某时之前尚未开始,直到此时动作才开始。not….until可以用after或when来代替,但主句谓语动词要用肯定形式。Until为连词时后接时间状语从句,until做介词时,后面接表示时间的名词。until用于肯定句多表示动作或状态一直持续到until所表示的时间为止,意思为“直到…..”;from….till….中till往往表示不太具体的时间;from…..to….或from….until常用来表示具体的时间。
3. find it …. to do, it 在此句中为形式宾语代表动词不定式,动词不定式为真正的宾语,常用于这种用法的动词有find, feel, think, make等。
4. “疑问句 + 不定式”结构相当于一个名词从句,常常可用同等成分的从句代替。改写时,只需在疑问词后面加一个适当的主语(这个主语一般与主句的主语一致),并将不定式改成适当形式的谓语即可。Where to go is still a question. = Where we should go is still a question.
5. when与while:when连接的状语从句是个特殊句型,“前一个分句(谓语动词用过去进行时)+when(做并列连词,意思为“这时,突然”)+后一个分句(谓语动词用一般过去时)”表示在前一个动作正在进行的过程中突然发生了后一个动作,when强调动作的突然性,when后面的动词为非延续性动词;while表示“在….过程中”,强调在一段时间内,所以while引导的从句中的谓语动词必须为延续性动词。在状语从句中,若从句放在句首,应用逗号与主句隔开。
6. 感叹句的构成:What + a \ an + adj + 单数名词 + 谓语!What a good book it is!
What + adj + 复数名词 + 主语 + 谓语!What easy questions they are!
What + adj + 不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语!What cold weather it is!
How + adj + 主语 + be动词! How nice the watch is!
How + adv + 主语 + 谓语! How hard they are working!
7. take, place, happen“发生”:take place指“发生事先计划或预想到的事物”;happen指“一切客观事情或情况的偶然或未能预见地发生”。两者都是不及物动词或短语,后面不能跟宾语,也不能用于被动语态;happen的意义很广泛,而take place仅用于历史上的事件,集会等,是先行布置而后发生或举行的事件,它不用于地震等自然界得现象。happen to do巧遇;sth happens to sb某人遭遇某事
8. 不定代词all, both, each, every与not连用,只表示部分否定,在否定句中用and连接两个宾语,表语,定语,状语时,只表示部分否定,并且否定and后面的部分;如用or连接句中两个部分,则表示全部否定。She isn’t a bright and beautiful girl. 她并不是一个既聪明又漂亮的女孩。(部分否定)She isn’t a bright or beautiful girl. 她是一个既不聪明又不漂亮的女孩。(全部否定)
Unit 4 He said I was hard—working.
1. 在陈述句中直接引语或间接引语的转换:
1)直接引语:说话人直接引用别人的原话。
2)间接引语:说话人用自己的话把别人的意思转述出来。
3)直接引语一般前后要加引号;间接引语不用引号。
4)规则:(1)人称变化:从句中的第一人称多改为第三人称;第二人称根据情况改为第一或第三人称;第三人称不变.
(2) 时态变化:如果主句和谓语动词是一般过去时,直接引语变为间接引语时从句的谓语动词在时态方面要做以下变化:
直接引语
间接引语
一般现在时
一般过去时(客观真理除外)
一般将来时
过去将来时
现在进行时
过去进行时
如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,直接引语变为间接引语时,从句的动词时态保持不变;直接引语如果是客观真理变为间接引语时,时态保持不变.
(3) 其他指示代词,时间状语,地点状语和动词等的变化.直接引语中的一些指示代词,时间状语和地点状语须作相应的变化:
直接引语
间接引语
指示代词
This 这 these 这些
That 那 those 那些
时间状语
Now 现在
Then 那时
Today 今天
That day 那天
Tonight 今晚
That night 那天晚上
This week 这星期
That week 那个星期
Yesterday 昨天
The day before 前一天
Last week 上星期
The week before 前一个星期
Ago 以前
Before 以前
Tomorrow 明天
The next/following day 第二天
Next week 下星期
The next week 第二个星期
地点状语
Here 这里
There 那里
动词
Come 来
Go 去
【注意】直接引语中的时间状语根据实际情况转述为间接引语时,有时不需要改变,如tomorrow。如果转述的动作发生在当天,无需改变;如果转述的动作不在当天,则需将tomorrow变为the next day.
2. habit, practice, custom:habit 指“个人由于自然条件,社会环境,爱好或经常接触而导致可以为常的行为或特性”;practice语气比habit弱,指“个人或大家都习惯了的做法或工作与生活的方式。”custom指“经过一段时期在某人,地区或社会中形成的传统习惯或风俗。”
3. bring, take, carry:bring指“从别处把东西或人带来”“拿来”,表示将人或物带到或拿到说话者所在的位置的这个动作;take指“把东西带走或拿走”,表示将人或物拿开或带离说话者所在的位置的这个动作;carry指“随身携带(不说明方向)有时含有负担的意思”。
4. surprise用法:1)surprise作名词,表示“惊奇,诧异”;2)surprise作及物动词(后接某人作宾语)表示“使…..惊奇”;surprise的过去分词作表语,表示“感到惊奇”;to one’s surprise表示“使….吃惊的是”;be surprised at sth \ sb表示“对….感到惊奇”。
5. however与but:两者均可作“但是,然而”,而且都引出并列分句。从语义上看,but所表示的是非常明显的对比,转折的意味比however要强;从语法上看,but是并列连词,而however却是连接副词;从语序上看,but总是位于所引出的分句前,而however却可位于句首,句中和句末,但是译成汉语时一定要把它放在分句之首;从标点符号上看,but之后一般不使用逗号,而however则必须用逗号分开。However当连词用时,“无论以何种方式,不管怎样”,引导让步状语从句。
6. first, at first与first of all:1)first可以做副词,意思是.“首先,第一次,最初地”,指第一次做某事或首先做某事,first还可以用作形容词,意思是“第一的,最初的,主要的,一流的”,first作名词,意思是“首要,第一,最初”;2)at first的意思是“起初,当初”,指刚刚开始做某事的时候,暗示后来的情况有所改变;3)first of all的意思是“第一,最初,首先”,同first的用法相同,但语气上比first要强,常常用来加强语气。
7. true, real:true意思为“真的”“真正的”,强调与实际相符,它与real相对.与to 连用,意思是”忠实的”, true用作名词,与定冠词the 连用,表示”真实,真理”等;real无此意. Real 是形容词,强调客观存在的”真实””实在”, 不是想象的.
8. above, on, over: 三者都有”在…上”之意. 1) on 表示两者上下紧贴在一起, 2) over 表示一种直接的垂直概念,但没有上下紧贴的意思,反义词为under. 3) above 既不表示垂直的下下概念,也无相互紧贴的意思,反义词是 below.
Unit5 If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time.
1. If引导的条件状语从句:
1) 构成: if 引导的条件状语从句表示”如果…”. 构成形式为”主句+一般将来时时态+if从句+一般现在时态”,或”If从句+一般现在时态,主句+一般将来时态”.
2)用法:表示假设或条件
2. half与half of 的用法:
1)half the class中的”half”为形容词,意思”一半的,半个的”
2)“half of+代词/the+名词”中的half为名词,意思为”一半,半个”.当该结构在句子作主语时,谓语动词必须和该词组中的代词或名词保持数的一致.即当代词或名词为单数时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式;若所接名词或代词为复数,则谓语动词用复数形式.
3. all the time与always: all the time是个副词性的短语,意思为”一直” “始终”,表示某一特定阶段开始一直到结束,不表示频度,多置于句末.除此,all the time还有”不断”的意思;always为表示频度的副词,意思为”总是”,表示动作的反复,状态的继续,中间没有间断,其反义词为never.它与进行时态连用时,常翻译成”总是”,”老是”,带有赞美,厌烦,不满等感情色彩.
4. enough 的用法:
1)enough to do sth 表示”足够…可以做…”
2)enough 也可以用”for+宾语+to do sth 的结构;
3)enough 修饰名词是前面不用冠词;
4)当主语是代词时,enough可以作表语.当主语是名词时,enough不能做表语.
5. choose的用法::
1) choose+名词 意思为”选择…”;
2) choose +between/from 从…中择;
3) choose to do 选择做某事.
6. exercise的用法:
1) 运动,锻炼,是不可数名词;
2) 体操,练习,是可数名词;
3) 动词,使…运动.
7. wear, put on, have on, dress:wear“穿着,戴着”,表示状态,是延续性动词,一般现在时表示经常状态,现在进行时表示暂时状态;put on“穿上,戴上”,表示动作,是延续性动词;have on“穿着,戴着”,表示状态可以与wear互换;dress“穿上,穿着”,既表示状态,也表示动作,既可以作及物动词,也可以作不及物动词。dress作及物动词,表示“给自己或别人穿衣服”,宾语是人,常用被动语态。dress oneself给….穿衣服;dress up化装
8. a lot, a lot of与lots of三者都有“许多,很多”的意思;a lot of, lots of一般用于肯定句,后接可数名词复数或不可数名词;a lot作名词时= a lot of things, 作副词,修饰动词或形容词,副词比较级。