北师大版高中英语一轮复习专题二需要“变形”的名词、数词、形容词和副词导学案+PPT课件

这是一份北师大版高中英语一轮复习专题二需要“变形”的名词、数词、形容词和副词导学案+PPT课件，文件包含第五讲构词法pptx、第四讲形容词副词和比较等级pptx、第三讲名词和数词pptx、第五讲构词法docx、第三讲名词和数词docx、第四讲形容词副词和比较等级docx等6份课件配套教学资源，其中PPT共87页， 欢迎下载使用。

1．[2021·浙江6月卷] In 1844 they bught it fr $1，200 and sme land frm Charles Dresser, wh perfrmed their ________ (marry)ceremny in 1842.2．[2021·全国乙卷]It is different frm traditinal turism because it allws the traveler t becme ________(educate) abut the areas—bth in terms f gegraphical cnditins and cultural characteristics, and ften prvides mney fr cnservatin and benefits the ________(develp) f the lcal areas.
答案与解析：marriage　考查词性转换。根据句意可知，此处要用名词marriage作ceremny的定语，表示“结婚仪式，结婚典礼”。故填marriage。
答案与解析：educated　develpment　考查形容词。在系动词becme后应用形容词作表语，educated“受过教育的，有教养的”。考查名词。空格在冠词the之后，应填名词develpment“发展”。
3．[2020·北京卷]Because f the cnfidence she inspired in me, I've carved ut a ________ (success) prfessin as a jurnalist.4．[2020·北京卷]Oliver says if yu're ________(luck) enugh t have smene clse t yu wh enjys cking, ask them if/whether yu can jin in when it's pssible.
答案与解析：successful　考查词性转换(名词变形容词)。prfessin 为名词， 意为“职业”，故应用形容词来修饰。故填successful。
答案与解析：lucky　考查形容词。句意：奥利弗说，如果你足够幸运，身边有一个喜欢烹饪的人。空前有be动词，所以空处填形容词做表语。故填lucky。
● 考点研析　多维讲练 ●考点一 名词的构词规律★★★★★1.动词变名词的后缀(1)-al表示人、物、行为、状态(特殊：去e＋-al)apprve 赞成→apprval 赞成survive 幸存→survival 幸存arrive 到达→arrival 到达；到达者；到来物refuse 拒绝→refusal 拒绝prpse 提议→prpsal 提议；建议
(2)-ance/-ence表示性质、状态或行为appear 出现→appearance 出现；外貌perfrm 表演→perfrmance 表演exist 存在→existence 存在prefer 较喜欢→preference 偏爱refer 参考；查阅→reference 参考；查阅depend 依靠→dependence 依赖；依靠guide 指引→guidance 引导；指导
(3)-in/-tin/-atin表示状态或行为direct 指挥；指导→directin 方向；指导expect 期待→expectatin 期待；期望explain 解释→explanatin 解释invite 邀请→invitatin 邀请；请柬slve 解决→slutin 解决cmpete 竞争→cmpetitin 比赛；竞争prnunce 发音→prnunciatin 发音describe 描述→descriptin 描写repeat 重复→repetitin 重复
(4)-s(s)in表示行为或状态discuss 讨论→discussin 讨论admit 承认→admissin 承认；准许加入decide 决定→decisin 决定(5)-ing具有……(特征)的hear 听→hearing 听力；听觉listen 听→listening 听；听力begin 开始→beginning 开始部分(6)-ment表示行为、结果等achieve 达到；完成→achievement 成就develp 发展→develpment 发展(去e)argue 争论→argument 争论；论据
(7)-ure/-ture表示行为或状态fail 失败→failure 失败press 压；挤→pressure 压力mix 混合→mixture 混合物expse 暴露→expsure 面临；暴露(8)-y表示……的动作(或过程)recver 恢复→recvery 恢复；痊愈discver 发现→discvery 发现
(9)其他常见变化：chse 选择→chice 选择vary 相异→variety 多样化；品种tend 倾向→tendency 趋向；趋势grw 生长→grwth 生长marry 结婚→marriage 婚姻carry 搬→carriage 客车厢；运输pack 收拾(行李)→package 包；盒pst 邮寄→pstage 邮资；邮费stre 贮存→strage 贮存
2．形容词变名词的后缀(1)-cy表示性质、状态fluent 流利→fluency 流利；流畅accurate 准确的→accuracy 准确(性)private 私有的→privacy 隐私efficient 效率高的→efficiency 效率(2)-dm表示地位、状况等free 自由的→freedm 自由wise 明智的→wisdm 智慧
(3)-ness表示性质、状态dark黑的→darkness 黑暗weak 虚弱的→weakness 虚弱kind 友好的→kindness 善良cld 寒冷的→cldness 冷淡；冷漠aware 知道的；意识到的→awareness 知道；意识(4)-th表示结果、过程、性质、状态warm 温暖的→warmth 温暖true 真的→truth 真相deep 深的→depth 深(度)strng 强壮的→strength 力量lng 长的→length 长度wide 宽的→width 宽度
(5)-y/-ity表示性质或状态difficult 困难的→difficulty 困难hnest 诚实的→hnesty 诚实safe 安全的→safety 安全cruel 残忍的→cruelty 残忍respnsible 负责的→respnsibility 责任
(6)-ent变为-ence，-ant变为-ance, -nd变为-nsedifferent 不同的→difference 不同(之处)silent 沉默的；不说话的→silence 寂静respnd 回应→respnse 响应patient有耐心的→patience 耐心absent缺席的→absence 缺席present 出席的→presence 出席cnfident 自信的→cnfidence 信心cnvenient方便的→cnvenience 便利imprtant重要的→imprtance 重要(性)defend防御；保卫→defense/defence 防御；保护
◎即学即练(单句语法填空)1．[2022·山东省泰安市模拟] In the eyes f the Yi peple, fire is the symbl f light, which is believed t have the ability t drive away insects and pests and prtect the ________ (grw) f crps.
答案与解析：grwth　句意：火在彝族人眼中是光的象征，火被认为有驱除害虫和保护农作物生长的能力。空处作宾语，表示“生长”应用名词grwth，表抽象概念，不可数。
2．[2022·河南省实验中学联考] This ________(achieve) marks that China has reached the first great breakthrugh n the path t full-scale quantum cmputing—a quantum cmputatinal advantage, als knwn as “quantum supremacy”．
3．[2022·银川市考前适应性训练]“The new rbtic arms cst n mre than 1，000 yuan，” said Chen Xiaping, ________ (direct) f the Rbtics Labratry at USTC, adding that this gives them an advantage fr much wider applicatin.
答案与解析：directr　此处用direct的名词形式directr作Chen Xiaping的同位语，意为“主管，负责人”。
4．[2022·湖南长郡中学二模] Chinese peple are prud f their fd. Hwever, when freigners like Britns think f Chinese fd, their ________ (impress) f it is different t what yu might think.
答案与解析：impressin　句意：中国人对他们的菜感到自豪。然而，当像英国人这样的外国人想到中国菜时，他们对中国菜的印象与你想的可能不同。在形容词性物主代词their后应用名词作主语，名词impressin意为“印象”，符合语境，根据is可知用其单数形式。
考点二 形容词和副词的词形转换★★★★★1.形容词的构词规律
提示　如何区分-ed形容词与-ing形容词解决此类问题有两个切入点：第一，看语境表示的是“令人……”(-ing)，还是“感到……”(-ed)；第二，看语境说明的是性质特征(-ing)，还是感受(-ed)。具体如下：(1)-ing型形容词主要用于修饰物或事，表示事物的性质特征，常译为“令人……的”。(2)-ed型形容词通常用于说明人的感受，常译为“感到……的”，强调人自身的情感波动；修饰事物时，则多修饰smile(微笑), feeling(感觉), appearance(外貌), cry(哭), face(面部表情), vice(声音), md(情绪), lk(表情)等表示人的情绪状况的名词。
◎即学即练(单句语法填空)1．[2021·浙江卷1月] But 30 years later, the BMI differences between urban and rural peple in many cuntries had narrwed ________(sharp).2．[2020·新高考卷Ⅰ] In the 18th and 19th centuries，________(wealth) peple travelled and cllected plants, histrical bjects and wrks f art.
答案与解析：sharply　考查副词。空格处修饰动词narrwed。故用副词sharply“急剧地，大幅度地”。
答案与解析：wealthy　考查词性转换。根据空格后的名词peple可知，这里应用形容词wealthy作定语。
3．[江苏高考] Steve mved t the pian and sat at the bench, hands trembling as he ________(gentle) placed his fingers n the keys.4．[2022·昆明三诊一模]David Katz was upset by all the plastic ging int the cean. T help slve the prblem，he had a ________ (create) idea—t treat plastic like mney.
答案与解析：gently　考查词性转换。根据空格后的动词placed可知，这里应用副词gently作状语。
答案与解析：creative　考查词性转换(动词变形容词)。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰名词idea，应用形容词形式。故填creative。
考点三 动词的构词规律★★★★★
◎即学即练(单句语法填空)1．Yu can________ (large) yur vcabulary in many ways such as reading bks and listening t the radi.2．In rder t ________(rich) ur campus life, ur schl rganized a 5 km crss-cuntry running race last Sunday.3．[2020·全国卷Ⅰ] While Queensland Rail makes every effrt t ________(sure) trains run as scheduled, there can be n guarantee f cnnectins between trains r between train services and bus services.4．[2022·T8八校高三联考] This can ________ (deep) their knwledge abut the histry f the mn and the slar system.
名师指津　转化法是由一种词类转化为一种或几种词类的构词法。这种构词法词形没有改变，转化后的单词在意义上通常与原单词有密切联系。
名师指津　 high、deep、wide用作副词时表示具体概念，而highly、deeply、widely表示抽象概念。
[小试牛刀]Ⅰ.语法填空[2022·兰州市高三诊断]A Mirrr f Chinese cultureWhat cmes t mind when yu think f kung fu？If yur mind 1.________ (fill) with images f Shalin mnks，Bruce Lee，jaw-drpping stunts r Kung Fu Panda，yu wuldn't be wrng.But fr Laurence J．Brahm，an American dcumentary filmmaker，the first thing 2.________ springs t mind is the cncept f nn-vilence.
1．答案与解析：is filled　考查时态和语态。文章的主体时态是一般现在时。mind和fill是被动关系，这里用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is filled。2．答案与解析：that　考查定语从句。空外引导定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，指的是物，先行词被the first修饰。故关系词用that。
“Kung fu，in my eyes，is a mirrr f Chinese culture，” Brahm said.“The traditinal 3.________ (value) f kung fu，actually，are in the minds f all Chinese peple.”
答案与解析：values　考查名词的数。根据谓语动词are可知，空处应该是复数形式。故填values。
“China adpts a plicy f nt wanting 4.________ (have) cnflict with ther cuntries.Why des China want t be in harmny 5.________ ther natins？It's part f the psychlgy f the Chinese peple.It's als 6.________ (natin) psychlgy.”
4．答案与解析：t have　考查非谓语动词。want t d sth.“想要做某事”为固定用法。故填t have。5．答案与解析：with　考查介词。be in harmny with为固定搭配。故填with。6．答案与解析：natinal　考查词性转换。空处修饰后面的名词psychlgy，应用形容词。故填natinal。
Brahm als believes that tday's wrld 7.________ (urgent) needs t restart equal exchanges between cuntries withut steretypes (成见)，and that culture and sprts，such as kung fu, can serve as 8.________ great channel and platfrm.
7．答案与解析：urgently　考查词性转换。空处修饰后面的动词needs，应用副词。故填urgently。8．答案与解析：a　考查冠词。空后的“channel and platfrm”是可数名词单数，表示泛指，应用不定冠词，且great的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
“In the same way，since ping­png as a cultural and sprts exchange 9.________ (pen) relatins fr China with the West in the 1970s，kung fu can becme the new cultural diplmacy (外交) f ur time，10.________ (bring) peple tgether in mutual sharing f skills and culture，and furthering respect and understanding.”
9．答案与解析：pened　考查时态。分析句子结构可知，空处作从句的谓语，根据时间状语“in the 1970s”可知，从句应用一般过去时。故填pened。10．答案与解析：bringing　考查非谓语动词。主句已有谓语“can becme”，空处应填非谓语动词，bring和其逻辑主语kung fu是主谓关系。故填bringing。
Ⅱ.写作运用补全下面写作，注意构成法的运用。Dear Li Jiang，Yu mentined in yur letter that 1. _____________________________ _______________________(你花费很多时间网上聊天和玩电子游戏)since yu entered high schl, which I ttally disapprve f.2．_____________________________ (网络有许多优点) such as abundant up­t­date infrmatin accessible t us, which imprves ur learning efficiency. 3._____________________________________(也存在许多弊端).
yu have spent much time chatting and playing cmputer games nline
There are many advantages f the Internet
Meanwhile, there exist many disadvantages as well