北师大版高中英语一轮复习专题三不可忽视的小词——代词、冠词、介词(短语)导学案+PPT课件
展开1.[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷]As the sng ges, this lng and winding rad “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitr's memry.It sure des in ________ (I).2.[2021·全国乙卷]Ecturism has ________ (it) rigin with the envirnmental mvement f the 1970s.
答案与解析:mine 考查代词。与前面的it will always stick in the visitr's memry呼应,这里表示It sure sticks in my memry,因此,本空填名词性物主代词mine。
答案与解析:its 考查代词。空格在名词之前,因此填形容词性物主代词its,表示“它的”起源。
3.[2021·浙江卷6月]She was extremely pretty, and her huse was a reflectin f ________ (she), everything in gd taste and in perfect rder.4.[2020·全国卷Ⅰ] Data abut the mn's cmpsitin, such as hw much ice and ther treasures it cntains, culd help China decide whether ________ (it) plans fr a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
答案与解析:herself 考查代词。句意:她长得非常漂亮,她的房子也反映了她自己,一切都很高雅,井井有条。根据句意可知,此处要用反身代词herself。
答案与解析:its 考查代词。根据空后的名词plans可知,此处应使用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。
● 考点研析 多维讲练 ●考点一 代词的基本用法1.人称代词与物主代词
She was beautiful and culd run faster than thers.她(那时)很美并且比其他人跑得快。Give me a challenge, and I will meet it with jy.给我一个挑战,我会欣然接受。He invited sme friends f his t attend his birthday party.他邀请了一些朋友参加他的生日宴会。
2.反身代词(1)构成:第一、二人称反身代词是由形容词性物主代词加“-self”(复数加-selves)构成。第三人称反身代词是由人称代词宾格形式加-self(复数加-selves)构成。(2)句法功能:反身代词在句中作宾语、表语或同位语。I sincerely hpe yu will enjy yurself at the cming evening party.我真诚地希望你在即将到来的晚会上玩得开心。
(3)反身代词的习惯用法adapt neself t 适应dress neself 自己穿衣ccupy neself with 忙于dress neself 给自己穿衣behave yurself 举止规矩有礼devte neself t 致力于apply neself t 专心致志于
help neself t 随便吃/用enjy neself 玩得开心seat neself 就座,入席make yurself at hme 别客气teach neself 自学adapt/adjust neself t 适应于“She thught I had hurt myself,” says Pahlssn.“她以为我伤到我自己了,”Pahlssn说。
3.指示代词this, that, these, thse的用法What I want t say is this: yu shuld grasp every minute t finish yur wrk.我想说的是:你应该抓住每一分钟来完成你的工作。
4.不定代词(1)the ther指两者中的另一个,表示特指。There are tw pens here. One is his, and the ther is Tm's.这儿有两支钢笔,一支是他的,另一支是汤姆的。(2)ther作前置定语,修饰可数名词复数,不可单独使用,表示泛指,意为“另外的,其他的”。We study English, maths, Chinese and ther subjects.我们学习英语、数学、语文以及别的学科。
(3)thers泛指“其他人”或“其他物”,常用结构:sme... thers...;而the thers表示特定范围中的“另外的全部”。Sme like staying at hme at the weekend; thers like ging t the cinema.一些人喜欢周末待在家里,另一些人喜欢去看电影。(4)anther泛指同类的人或物,指三者或三者以上的另一个,可单独使用或在其后加可数名词单数。I dn't like this bk. Please give me anther ne.我不喜欢这本书,请再给我一本。
5.不定代词bth, all, either, any, neither, nne Niki is always full f ideas, but nne is useful t my knwledge.玛丽总是很有想法,但据我所知没一个是有用的。
◎即学即练(单句语法填空)1.[2022·南宁市第一次适应性测试] Shi Yan, chief f the Lianing University f TCM, says he supprts internatinal students t participate in such activities, which will help ________ cmbine knwledge tgether with culture.2.[2020·新高考Ⅰ卷]As well as lking at exhibits, visitrs can play with cmputer simulatins (模拟) and imagine ________ (they) living at a different time in histry r walking thrugh a rainfrest.
答案与解析:them 考查人称代词。句意:辽宁中医药大学负责人石岩表示,他支持国际学生参加此类活动,这将有助于国际生将知识与文化结合起来。所以应用them代指。
答案与解析:themselves 句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。设空处所填词指代该句主语visitrs,意为“他们自己”,应用反身代词。故填themselves。
3.[2022·泰安模拟]As far as I am cncerned,cycling is a gd slutin.Fr ne thing,bicycles dn't need any petrl and they are energy-saving. Fr ________,bicycles are envirnmentally friendly because they wn't give ff waste gas.4.[2022·湖南长郡中学检测]Hwever,quite a few thers,especially ________ in the cuntryside,wuld fix a lucky date s that their marriage wuld have“Duble Happiness”.
答案与解析:anther 考查代词。句意:在我看来,骑自行车是一个不错的解决方案。一方面,自行车不需要汽油,并且节能;另一方面,自行车也很环保,因为它们不会释放任何废气。fr ne anther...意为“一方面……另一方面……”。故填anther。
答案与解析:thse 考查代词。根据语境可知,空处指那些在农村地区的人,表示复数,应用代词。故填thse。
考点二 it的用法1.it作人称代词的用法(1)it用作人称代词,用来指代事物或上文提到过的内容。The Smiths bught a new huse but it will need a lt f wrk befre they can mve in.史密斯一家买了一套新房子,但是在入住之前有大量的工作要做。(2)it指时间、距离、天气等。It's abut 112 miles frm Lndn t Birmingham.从伦敦到伯明翰大约有112英里。
2.it用于某些句型It's (abut/high) time+that-从句某人该做某事了(从句谓语用过去时,有时也用“shuld+动词原形”)It's the first/secnd... time+that sb. has/have dne 这是某人第几次做某事It's+时间段+since-从句自从……有多长时间了It's+时间段+befre-从句过了多长时间才……As far as I knw, it is 8 years since his father passed away.据我所知,他父亲去世已经八年了。
3.it作形式主语(宾语)的用法it常作形式主语(宾语),替代动词不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。(1)it作形式主语的句型①It+be+adj. +(fr sb.) t d sth.常用于此句型的形容词有:easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, pssible等。As far as I'm cncerned, it's necessary t have a gd cmmand f English.就我个人看来,掌握英语是必要的。②It+be+adj.+f sb. t d sth.此句型中的形容词描述的是人的品德、特征。能用于该句型的形容词有:kind, nice, wise, silly, plite, implite, friendly, flish, clever等。It is silly f yu t give up such a gd chance.放弃这么好的一次机会你真傻。
③It+be+n.(+fr sb./sth.)+t d sth.用于此句型的名词(短语)有:pity, shame, pleasure, fun, jy, gd manners, bad manners等。It is bad manners fr the yung t take up the seats fr the ld.年轻人占据老年人座位没有礼貌。④It+be+adj./n.+ding sth.用于此句型的形容词和名词(短语)常见的有:n/little use, n/much gd, useless, fun等。It is n gd living alne withut keeping in tuch with thers.独居而不和他人来往没有好处。(it作形式主语,动名词短语living alne withut...为真正的主语)
⑤It+be+n./adj.+主语从句。在“It is natural/necessary/imprtant/strange+that从句”中,从句的谓语动词常用“shuld+动词原形”,且shuld可以省略。It's necessary and imprtant that we shuld master the skills f perating cmputers.我们应该掌握电脑操作技术,这有必要而且非常重要。(2)it作形式宾语的情况①主语+believe/find/feel/think/guess/suppse/make+it+adj./n.+不定式/动名词/从句。N matter where he is, he makes it a rule t g fr a walk befre breakfast.不管在哪里,他养成了早餐前散步的习惯。
②某些及物动词或短语后不能直接跟从句。此时须先用it,然后接从句,有此用法的动词(短语):like, dislike, hate, appreciate, depend n, rely n, cunt n等。I wuld appreciate it if yu take my suggestin int cnsideratin.如果你考虑我的建议我将感激不尽。I hate it when smene makes a mess f my learning materials n my desk.我讨厌有人把我桌子上的学习材料弄得乱七八糟的。
◎即学即练(单句语法填空)1.[2022·安庆二模]Every new year in the heartland f industrial China, thusands upn thusands f mtrcyclists brave the weather and hit the rad, determined t make ________ hme.2.[2022·北京东城区质检] ________ is estimated that the structure has 80 stnes in all and each stne weighs abut tw tns.
答案与解析:it 考查代词。句意:每年春节,在中国工业的中心地带,成千上万的骑摩托的人不畏寒冷的天气,骑摩托上路,下定决心回家。make it t sp.为固定搭配,意为“成功到某地”,hme为副词,不与介词连用,make it hme意为“成功到家”。故填it。
答案与解析:It 在该句中, it是形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的从句。it is estimated that ... “据估计……”。
3.Hwever, the railway quickly prved t be a great success and within six mnths, mre than 25,000 peple were using ________ every day.4.[2022·唐山市三模]After becming an internet hit,Ding Zhen served as the lcal turism ambassadr and filmed “The Wrld f Ding Zhen” t speak fr his hmetwn. The film sn brught ________ int peple's visin.
答案与解析:it 句意:然而,该地铁很快被证明是巨大的成功,在六个月内,每天25 000多人使用它。根据语境可知,此处应用it指代文中的the railway。
答案与解析:it 考查人称代词。此处代指his hmetwn,所以应用it代指。
[小试牛刀]Ⅰ.语法填空The wrld's cities are getting mre and mre crwded.Cities such as Tky and Shanghai 1.________ (cnsider)“megacities (大城市)”,because f their big size and huge ppulatins.There are tw main reasns why cities are becming s crwded.First,the primary cause f cities 2.________ (becme) s crwded is ecnmy-related.
1.答案与解析:are cnsidered 考查动词的时态和语态。此处表示,像东京和上海这样的城市被认为是“大城市”,是因为它们面积大、人口众多。主语和谓语之间为被动关系,又根据语境可知此处应用一般现在时。故填are cnsidered。2.答案与解析:becming 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处为通格名词+动名词短语组成的动名词复合结构,作介词f的宾语。故空处填becming。
As a cuntry develps,3.________ (it) cities becme the engines f develpment.Jbs are available in these areas.Fr example,Tky was the mtr fr Japan's ecnmic bm in 4.________ 1960s and 1970s;as a result,its ppulatin increased rapidly.Peple 5.________ (mve) t Tky because they culd find emplyment there.
3.答案与解析:its 考查代词。分析句子结构可知,这里应用形容词性物主代词修饰后面的名词cities。故填its。4.答案与解析:the 考查冠词。定冠词the用于逢10的复数形式的数词前,表示一个世纪的某某年代等其他内容。根据空后的1960s and 1970s可知,空处应填the。5.答案与解析:mved 考查动词的时态。空处作主句的谓语;根据从句所用的一般过去时可知,此处也应用一般过去时。故填mved。
Secnd,anther cntributing factr is scicultural.Thusands f peple mve t the cities nt nly fr jbs but als fr 6.________ (educatin) and persnal reasns.The better universities in big cities attract thusands f students every year,and mst f them chse 7.________ (wrk) in the cities after graduatin.Mrever,yung peple will mve t the cities as rural areas are underdevelped.In their pinins,it is a barrier t their persnal freedm.
6.答案与解析:educatinal 考查词性转换。空处与“persnal”并列修饰后面的名词reasns,表示“教育上的和个人的原因”。故填形容词educatinal“教育的,有关教育的”。7.答案与解析:t wrk 考查非谓语动词。chse t d sth.“选择做某事”为固定用法。故填t wrk。
In 8.________ (cnclude),ecnmic and scicultural 9.________ (factr) are the majr causes f huge urban ppulatin.Peple will always mve t the areas 10.________ prvide pprtunities and freedm.
8.答案与解析:cnclusin 考查词性转换。此处表示,综上所述,经济和社会文化方面的因素是城市人口众多的主要原因。in cnclusin为固定搭配,意为“综上所述”,符合语境。故填cnclusin。9.答案与解析:factrs 考查名词的数。空处作主语,根据空后的谓语动词are可知,空处应为复数形式。故填factrs。10.答案与解析:which/that 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词为areas,指物,关系词在从句中作主语。因此应使用which/that。
Ⅱ.写作运用补全下面写作, 注意本部分语法的运用。Dear fellw students,With Cllege Entrance Examinatin appraching, 1._________________ ___________________(我们很多人都承受着学习的压力)and therefre have develped an unhealthy lifestyle, ranging frm studying deep int the night t taking little physical exercise, 2.____________________________ (对我们的健康极其有害). T equip urselves fr the challenges f this senir year in ur high schl, 3.__________________________________________________(该是我们采取行动对不健康的生活方式说不的时候了).
many f us are under much pressure frm study
which is extremely harmful t ur health
it is high time that we take actins t say n t the unhealthy lifestyle
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