中考英语复习第34讲阅读理解精讲课件

这是一份中考英语复习第34讲阅读理解精讲课件，共30页。PPT课件主要包含了名 词，完形填空，阅读理解，答题技巧指导，典例分析，先悟后练等内容，欢迎下载使用。
分析杭州近几年的中考真题可知，阅读理解的考查特点主要有：1.文体方面：A篇为应用文或记叙文，主要是日常生活类或人物故事类文章；B篇为说明文或应用文，主要是事物介绍类或广告宣传类文章；C篇以说明文为主，主要是事物介绍类或科普类文章；D篇以议论文为主，主要是知识科普类文章。2.话题方面：主要以介绍类、生活类、科普类为主。3.词数：A篇词数通常在210～350之间；B篇词数通常在280～330之间；C篇词数通常在270～310之间；D篇词数通常在310～360之间。
4.考点：A篇阅读共考查5道细节理解题、5道推理判断题、2道词义猜测题、1道主旨大意题；B篇阅读共考查9道细节理解题、8道推理判断题、2道词义猜测题、1道主旨大意题；C篇阅读共考查11道推理判断题、6道细节理解题、2道主旨大意题、1道词义猜测题、1道目的意图题、1道段落大意题；D篇阅读共考查6道推理判断题、4道细节理解题、3道目的意图题、1道词义猜测题、1道指代判断题。可知杭州近几年阅读理解主要考查细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题、主旨大意题。
1.词义猜测题 此类试题测试考生根据上下文理解推测并判断该词或句子在文章中的确切含义的能力。 词义猜测题的解题技巧为： (1)判断某些生词有没有猜测的必要。 (2)根据定义、解释来猜测。 如：A calendar is a timetable f the days，weeks，mnths f a certain year.从所下的定义a timetable f the days，weeks，mnths f a certain year中可以猜出calendar的意思为“日历”。
(3)根据构词法中的派生、合成、转化来猜测。 如：When a wise persn misuses his wisdm，he will d a great harm t sciety. 我们都知道use的意思是“使用”，mis-是否定前缀，所以可猜出该词的意思为“误用”。 (4)根据同义词、反义词关系或对比、转折关系来猜测。 如：Unlike his brther，wh is a handsme man，Jhn is quite hmely. 从unlike可看出Jhn和他哥哥(弟弟)正好相反，他哥哥(弟弟)是用handsme 来形容的，由此可猜出hmely的意思是“不好看的”。
(5)根据同位语关系来猜测。 如：Alexander Graham Bell was brn in 1847 in Edinburgh，Sctland.His father is an expert in phnetics，the study f the sunds f language. 由phnetics的同位语从句the study f the sunds f language可猜出该词的意思为“语音学”。 (6)根据因果关系来猜测。 如：She felt grieved，fr her parents bth died weeks ag.由该词后的原因状语从句fr her parents bth died weeks ag可猜出该词的意思为“悲痛的”。
(7)根据上下文线索猜测。 如：The lack f mvement caused the muscles(肌肉) t weaken.Smetimes the weakness was permanent.S the player culd never play the sprt again. 由上文The lack f mvement caused the muscles t weaken可知，运动的缺乏导致肌肉萎缩，以及下文S the player culd never play the sprt again知道，这位运动员再也无法做运动了，因此可以猜出permanent的意思为“永久的，永恒的”。
(8)根据生活常识和经验来猜测。 如：In ld days，when girls frm rich families were married t their husbands，they expected t bring with themselves with a large amunt f dwry. 上文提到了girls frm rich families were married t their husbands可猜出，来自富有家庭的女孩要出嫁，她们当然希望带上大量的“嫁妆”。
2.细节理解题 此类题就是我们常见的wh- 题，有些问题可以在文中直接找到答案，有些则需要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化理解后才能找到，比如说通过计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。具体方法为：先用寻读法找出与问题相关的词语或句子，再对相关的部分进行细读，找出正确答案。 细节理解题的解题技巧为： (1)直接事实题：解答此类问题时要求抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直接找到。
(2)间接事实题：解答此类题需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断，梳理一下文章的脉络，找出支持每个现象的句子。所以做间接事实题时，A、B、C、D四个选项要全看。通常以下列形式出现：①Which f the fllwing is TRUE？②Which f the fllwing is NOT true？③Which f the fllwing is WRONG？④Frm the passage we knw 　　　　.
3.推理判断题 此类题要求考生透过表面文字信息去推测文章隐含的意义，检测考生的逻辑判断能力。考生要领会材料的抽象含义以及全篇的逻辑关系，并根据常识，或者依靠推理、判断得出结论。通常以这样的形式出现：What can yu infer frm the passage？ 推理判断题的解题技巧为： (1)根据词义关系推断具体细节，要对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事、以偏概全。
(2)根据文章的内容，进行合理的判断，切忌根据自己的观点或已有的经验去揣测。 (3)把握作者的观点、态度或写作的目的，借助上下文，领会“弦外之音”，避免“自己想当然”。4.主旨大意题 此类题用来检测考生是否拥有掌握阅读材料的主旨或大意的能力。通常以下列形式出现： ①The main idea f the passage is 　　　　. ②The passage is abut 　　　　.
③What is the best title f the passage？ ④What's the writer's purpse f writing this article？ ⑤Which may be the best title fr the passage？ 主旨大意题的解题技巧为： (1)首先要清楚是问某一段还是全文的大意。可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，进行综合归纳，概括文章的主题。 (2)如有标题，标题中所蕴含的信息往往是关键信息；同时也要关注文章的首尾(那往往是文章的主题句)，或每段的首句(那往往是该段的主题句)。
(3)任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫主题词。抓住了它也就抓住了文章的中心。 (4)学会捕捉作者的态度、意图，即通常所谓“弦外之音，言外之意”，从而了解作者写这篇文章的目的所在。总之，做阅读题要记得：一读，二找，三思，四查。
5.文章结构题 常见提问方式： ①Hw is the passage rganized？ ②Which f the fllwing best shws the structure f the passage？ ③The authr develps the passage mainly by... 文章结构题的解题技巧为： (1)注意主题段。主题段通常在文章的开头，简要概括了文章的中心思想。 (2)找出或者总结每段的主题句。主题句可能在段落的开头，也可能出现在段落的中间或末尾。如何确定主题句的方法见上面第4点。
(3)最后根据每段主题确定段与段之间的结构关系，承上启下，使文章行文连贯、逻辑严密。为突出主题，作者可能采用不同的写作手法来组织文章，通过举例、比较、类比等手法来透彻阐明主题观点。
【典例分析】(2021杭州)C Flamenc is very ppular in suthern Spain. It begins with guitar music and clapping(击掌)and then dancers jin the perfrmance. Smetimes a wman dances alne and smetimes she dances with a man. The wman always wears a lng， clrful dress. She mves her arms and hands slwly but her feet mve in fast， difficult steps. The man ften wears black. Bth dancers click their shes n the flr when they dance arund each ther.
Cssack dances are frm Russia and Ukraine. They are very energetic—sme are mre like gymnastics than dancing！ Dancers have t be very fit because they jump very high and kick their legs up and dwn. They ften jump ver swrds(剑).The mvements are similar t traditinal Cssack activities， fr example， swrd fighting and getting n and ff hrses. Limb dancing is first frm West Africa but tday it is an imprtant part f celebratins in the Caribbean. Yung peple have t dance under a ple(杆). The ple is ften n fire and the dancer mustn't tuch it！ After a successful “limb”， they put the ple lwer and d it again. Sme dancers can dance under a ple just twenty centimeters ff the grund！
Mask(面具)dances are imprtant fr the Dgn peple in Mali. Each village makes different masks. They are ften huge and clrful. There are masks f peple， mnsters r lcal animals like crcdiles and mnkeys. Mask dancers are always men and they dance t the sund f drums fr hurs after the death f a persn in the village. Tday， Dgn villagers als perfrm the dances fr turists.
23.What d we knw abut flamenc dancing？A. Dancers begin perfrming befre the guitar music starts.B. A wman dancer ften wears a lng black dress.C. A wman dancer mves her hands and feet at different speeds.D. Dancers clap ludly while mving arund each des the underlined wrd “gymnastics” in Paragraph 2 refer t？A. A play. B. A sprt.C. A celebratin. D. A shw.
25.Which f the fllwing is limb dancing？26.What is the best title fr the text？A. Dance Jumps and MvesB. Dances fr Different AgesC. Dance Music and ClthingD. Dances frm Arund the Wrld
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界各地的一些具有特色的舞蹈。23.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第五句“She mves her arms and hands slwly but her feet mve in fast， difficult steps.”可知，她慢慢地移动她的手臂和手，但是她的脚迈着快速且复杂的步伐。由此可知，Flamenc舞的女舞者以不同的速度移动她的手和脚。故选C。24.B【解析】指代判断题。根据第二段第三句“Dancers have t be very fit because they jump very high and kick their legs up and dwn.”可知，跳Cssack舞的舞者身体必须健壮，因为他们要跳得很高，并且要上下踢腿。
由此可推知，画线词所在句表示，Cssack舞充满活力，比起舞蹈，(它)更像是体操运动。因此gymnastics应表示一种体育运动，B项符合题意。故选B。25.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句“Yung peple have t dance under a ple(杆). The ple is ften n fire and the dancer mustn't tuch it！”可知，年轻人必须在一根燃烧的杆子下跳舞，而且跳舞的人不能碰到它！A项图片符合描述。故选A。26.D【解析】标题概括题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了世界各地的一些具有特色的舞蹈。因此D项是本文的最佳标题。故选D。
【先悟后练】(2021年杭州市下城区初三三模) On Octber 30,2019，the farm f a family in the village f Grusch，Switzerland，burnt dwn.The huse in the farm cmpletely burnt dwn.It was arund 300 years ld. The next mrning at the lcal public schl，students were surprised by the news.They wanted t help.Rbin Egger，a head teacher at the schl，wrked with a teacher t make a plan fr their students t help the family. They went t lcal businesses and asked fr dnatins(捐赠) fr the family.In exchange fr a dnatin，their cmpany lg was displayed at a market where students sld hmemade things.
In additin，the students dnated all f the mney they raised fr their end-f-schl trip.“Traditinally，the 9th graders sell self-made Christmas cards in twn t make mney fr their end-f-schl trip，”Rbin said.But this time，they gave all their mney away t the prject.Instead f investing (耗费) time in a prject fr their end-f-year schl trip，they spent their afternns raising mney fr this family.The students als made a large card with hpeful wishes fr the family.The card was at the lcal twn stre and n Sundays at the church. With their help and effrt，the family wh lst their hme and farm in the fire is ding much better.
At first the family didn't want t accept the mney； they thught it was t much，but at last they were cnvinced(被说服) t accept it and have decided t rebuild the huse and the stables.The daughter will take ver the farm frm her parents and cntinue farming. Representatives (代表) f a cmpany shwed up at the schl and surprised the students with unexpected gd news：the students were ging n an end-f-year trip，free f charge.It will pay fr all f the students t visit Eurpa Park，a wrld-famus theme park in Germany.
1.Rbin Egger went t lcal businesses in rder t 　　　 a jb fr himself t supprt a familyB.ask them t buy a huse fr the family C.start a new business fr the schlD.ask them t help the family2.What did the cmpany d when it agreed t help？A.It asked t put the cmpany lg at a market where students sld made sme Christmas cards fr the built a new huse fr the family in made plans fr the students t ffer mre help.
3.What des the underlined wrd “it”in Paragraph 6 refer t？A.The mney. B.The large card. D.The schl can we knw frm the passage？A.N cmpany wuld like t step ut and ffer help t the family that was in fire felt srry t the students' students shw great pity n the family that caught students wuldn't g n an end-f-year trip.