(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义第1部分 教材知识解读 选择性必修第一册 Unit 5 Working the Land (含答案)

这是一份(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义第1部分 教材知识解读 选择性必修第一册 Unit 5 Working the Land (含答案)，共9页。
 Ⅰ.认阅读单词1．hybrid n．杂交植(动)物；合成物；混合动力车2．crisis n．(pl.crises)危机；危急关头3．characteristic n．特征；特点；品质 adj.典型的；独特的4．conventional adj.传统的；习惯的5．pollinate vt.授粉；传粉6．domestic adj.本国的；国内的；家用的；家庭的7．strain n．(动、植物的)系；品种；拉伤；压力8．celebrity n．名望；名誉；名人；名流9．envision vt.展望；想象10．sorghum n．高粱；高粱米11．broom n．扫把；扫帚；金雀花12．grain n．谷物；谷粒；颗粒13．urban adj.城市的；都市的；城镇的14．bomb n．炸弹 vt.轰炸；对……投炸弹15．tunnel n．地下通道；地道；隧道16．wheat n．小麦；小麦籽17．flavour(NAmE -vor) n．味道；特点；特色18．fertiliser(NAmE -izer) n．肥料19．poverty n．贫穷；贫困20．organic adj.有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的21．pesticide n．杀虫剂；除害药物22．bacterium n．(pl.bacteria)细菌23．grocery n．食品杂货店；[pl.]食品杂货Ⅱ.记重点单词1．tackle vt.解决(难题)；应付(局面)；处理2．boost vt.使增长；使兴旺 n．增长；提高；激励3．yield n．产量；产出 vt.出产(作物)；产生(收益、效益等) vi.屈服；让步4．attain vt.(通常经过努力)获得；得到5．intense adj.热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的6．overcome vt.(overcame，overcome)克服；解决；战胜7．output n．产量；输出；输出量 vt.(output，output)输出8．estimate vt.估计；估价；估算 n．估计；估算9．comprise vt.包括；包含；由……组成10．generate vt.产生；引起11．leisure n．闲暇；休闲；空闲12．soil n．泥土；土壤；国土；领土13．vision n．想象；视力；视野；影像14．reality n．现实；实际情况；事实15．alleviate vt.减轻；缓解16．widespread adj.分布广的；普遍的；广泛的17．digest vt.& vi.消化 vt.领会；领悟 n．摘要；文摘18．essential adj.完全必要的；极其重要的19．mineral n．矿物；矿物质20．alternative n．可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的21．instance n．例子；实例；事例22．root n．根；根茎；根部；根源23．aspect n．方面；层面Ⅲ.知拓展单词1．devote vt.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于→devotion n．奉献；忠诚；挚爱2．shortage n．不足；缺少；短缺→short adj.短的；矮的；缺乏的；简略的3．convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服→convincing adj.有说服力的；使人信服的→convinced adj.确信的；坚信的4．assumption n．假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权力的)获得→assume v．假定；设想→assuming conj.假定；假设5．expand vt.& vi.扩大；增加 vt.扩展；发展(业务)→expansion n．扩大；扩张；扩充6．consumption n．消耗；消耗量；消费→consume vt.消耗；消费；吃；喝→consumer n．消费者；用户；客户7．salty adj.含盐的；咸的→salt n．盐8．extension n．扩建部分；扩大；电话分机→extend vt.伸开；展开；延伸9．chemical adj.与化学有关的；化学的 n．化学制品；化学品→chemistry n．化学→chemically adv.化学上地→chemist n．化学家；药剂师10．nutritional adj.营养(物)的→nutritious adj.有营养的；营养丰富的→nutrition n．营养；滋养11．depth n．向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)→deep adj.深的→deeply adv.深深地；强烈地→deepen vt.加深；(使)变深12．entirely adv.全部地；完整地；完全地→entire adj.全部的；完全的Ⅳ.背核心短语1．devote...to把……用于；献身；致力；专心2．be comprised of包括；包含；由……组成(或构成)3．deep down在内心深处；本质上；实际上4．in turn相应地；转而；依次；轮流5．for instance例如；比如6．be like...像……7．fulfil one’s dreams 实现某人的梦想8．in fact事实上9．turn to转向；求助于10．be ready for为……做准备1．hesitate vt.犹豫；踌躇2．hopeless adj.没有希望的；绝望的3．horrible adj.令人恐惧的；恐怖的4．humor n．幽默，幽默感 5．humorous adj.幽默的6．hurricane n．飓风；十二级风 7．ideal adj.理想的；美好的8．identification n．鉴定；识别1．However，what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.(that引导的表语从句)然而，他最关心的农民经常粮食歉收，有时甚至出现严重的食物短缺。2．How this could be done was a challenging question at the time.(how引导的主语从句)如何实现这一目标成为当时一个颇具挑战性的问题。3．However，whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate.(whether引导的主语从句)然而，是否可能开发出水稻等自花授粉作物的杂交品种，仍众说纷纭。4．Given that Yuan’s hybrids have made him quite wealthy，one might think he would retire to a life of leisure.(given that引导的原因状语从句)鉴于袁隆平开发杂交水稻而变得相当富有，有人会认为他会退休享受悠闲的生活。5．Why different crops are grown is because they put important minerals back into the ground，making it ready for the next batch of crops.(why引导的主语从句；because引导的表语从句)种植不同作物的原因，是为了把重要的矿物质重新放回土壤之中，让土壤为下一批作物(的种植)做好准备。请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。Our class is comprised of thirty students from the countryside.Deep down，all of us envision ourselves attaining respectful jobs in urban cities in the near future.Dreams are rooted in our hearts.We are greatly 1.convinced that being entirely devoted to our study can boost our confidence in tackling crises.We will combine conventional learning methods with modern ones to expand our knowledge.Then we’ll bravely output what we have learned.Certainly，it is essential that we shouldn’t 2.yield to difficulties.The instant we can’t digest what the teacher says in class，we will be overcome with sorrow.Too much homework generates much strain，but we have alternative methods to 3.alleviate our frustration.For instance，we will buy nutritious foods in a grocery store in our leisure time，although we have a 4.shortage of money.On the assumption that we always have such an 5.intense interest in study，it is estimated that we can put our dreams into 6.reality，which in turn can enable us to live a better life that we have been looking forward to.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇 devote vt.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于(常与介词to连用)(devoted adj.深爱的；忠诚的 devotion n．奉献；忠诚；挚爱)•devote...to (doing) sth.把……奉献给；把……专注于devote oneself to (doing) sth.致力于(做)某事；献身于(做)某事•be devoted to (doing) sth.专心于(做)某事；致力于(做)某事 (1)It is his devotion(devote)to his learning that enables him to attain a doctor’s degree.(2)我最崇拜的人是我的英语老师，他致力于教学。(2020·全国Ⅰ，书面表达)①The person I admire most is my English teacher who/that devotes himself to/is devoted to his teaching.(定语从句)②The person I admire most is my English teacher devoted to his teaching.(过去分词短语作后置定语)  convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服 (convinced adj.确信的；坚信的 convincing adj.令人信服的)•convince sb.of sth.使某人确信/明白某事convince sb.that...使某人相信……convince sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事•be convinced (that...)/of...(某人)坚信…… (1)His speech was so convincing that everyone present entirely believed what he said.From his convincing words，I was entirely convinced of his ability to tackle this problem perfectly.(convince)(2)我深信我能胜任这份工作，如果有幸得到这个职位，我将尽最大努力履行职责。(应用文写作之申请信)I am greatly convinced that I am qualified for this job and I will try my best to perform my duties if I am lucky enough to get the position.(3)我已经说服爸爸支持我沿湄公河骑行的计划。I have convinced my father to support my plan to cycle along the Mekong River.  assumption n．假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权力的)获得(assume v．假定；设想；承担；假装)•on the assumption that...假定……make an assumption作出臆断•assume sb./sth.(to be)＋adj./n.假定/认为某人/某事(为)……It is generally assumed that...人们普遍认为……•assuming (that)...假设…… (1)Deep down they assumed her to be(be) the best singer of their time.(2)假如我被选为学生会主席，我将组织更多丰富多彩的课外活动以丰富我们的学校生活。On the assumption that/Assuming that I am chosen to be chairman of the Student Union，I will organize more colorful after-class activities to enrich our school life.(3)People assume that drinking Chinese tea can not only refresh ourselves but also strengthen our memory.→It is generally assumed that not only can drinking Chinese tea refresh ourselves but also it can strengthen our memory.(用It is generally assumed that...；not only...but also...的倒装句改写)  alternative n．可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的(alternatively adv.可供选择地)have no alternative but to do sth.别无选择只好做某事an alternative to...……的替代品 (1)I could come to your house，or alternatively(alternative)，we could meet in the town.(2)For instance，solar energy is an alternative to fossil fuel.(3)面对新冠，我们别无选择只能待在家里以缓解这个严重的境况。Faced with COVID-19，we have no alternative but to stay at home to alleviate the serious situation. in turn转而；相应地；反过来；依次；轮流by turns轮流take turns to do sth.轮流做某事It is one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事。 用turn的相关短语填空Some student representatives took turns to deliver speeches at the coming-of-age ceremony.Finally，it was my turn.Personally，in the past it was our parents and teachers that helped us in many aspects and in turn，we should give a helping hand to them from now on.(改编自2020·6月天津，书面表达) Given that Yuan’s hybrids have made him quite wealthy，one might think he would retire to a life of leisure.鉴于袁隆平开发杂交水稻而变得相当富有，有人会认为他会退休,享受悠闲的生活。given that＋从句，用来标记已知事实，表示“鉴于，考虑到”。 (1)鉴于您对中国的传统节日端午节非常感兴趣，我写信向您介绍端午节。(应用文写作之传统文化)Given that you are keen on the traditional Chinese festival，Dragon Boat Festival，I am writing to introduce it to you.(2)鉴于没有人帮他与恶狼作斗争，他立即从自行车上下来，并且抓牢自行车，用尽全力把它扔向狼，试图把狼吓跑。(读后续写之动作链描写)Given that there was nobody to help him fight against the fierce wolf，he instantly got off the bike，seized the bike tightly and threw it towards the wolf with all his strength，trying to frighten it away.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍1．digest(1)I only read this digest of the novel，so I don’t know the details.  C  (2)I haven’t entirely digested what he said just now.  B  (3)I prefer this kind of food，because it digests well.  A  2．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思(1)I will never yield to the temporary difficulties I am facing now.屈服；让步(2)Her parents were overcome with great sadness at the funeral.受到……的极大影响Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识1．I think we should devote much more time to adjusting(adjust) to the new environment.2．I found his speech convincing(convince) and he would call on more people to take regular exercise.3．My assessments were based on the assumption(assume) that house prices would remain steady.4．I have no alternative but to ask(ask) him for an appropriate way to solve the problem.5．The educators in this school took turns to deliver(deliver) a speech in the rural schools.6．It is essential that he (should)get(get) some reliable information before making inferences.7．A shortage(short) of experience caused us to assess what had happened in an incorrect way.8．Assuming(assume) that I settled the conflict，I would employ an entirely new way.9．To turn their dreams into reality(real)，the twins work very hard.10．What made me thrilled was that I could distinguish between this kind of flower and another one.Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练话题写作之爱心义卖活动1．鉴于高三学生即将毕业，昨天学生会组织了爱心义卖活动(charity sale)，以较低的价格出售各种旧书和二手物品。(given that...)Given that Senior Three students are to graduate，a charity sale was organized by the Student Union yesterday to sell various used books and second-hand goods at a lower price.2．这次爱心义卖活动包括开幕式、卖东西和闭幕式。(be comprised of)The charity sale was comprised of the opening ceremony，the selling of objects and the closing ceremony.3．事实上原先的高三学生在毕业前把许多时间投入卖二手书中。(devote)Actually former senior three students devoted much time to selling second-hand books before graduation.4．高三学生深信低年级学生可以买到他们所渴望的书籍。(convince)Senior three students were greatly convinced that junior students could buy the books they had a desire for.5．总而言之，所有师生都认为这个活动是有意义的。(assume)All in all，all the teachers and students assume the activity to be meaningful.Ⅱ.微型写作——续写提能练教材续写语料1．情感描写convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服→convincing adj.有说服力的；使人信服的→convinced adj.确信的；坚信的intense adj.热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的deep down在内心深处；本质上；实际上2．动作描写tackle vt.解决(难题)；应付(局面)；处理boost vt.使增长；使兴旺 n．增长；提高；激励yield n．产量；产出 vt.出产(作物)；产生(收益、效益等) vi.屈服；让步overcome vt.(overcame，overcome)克服；解决；战胜alleviate vt.减轻；缓解devote vt.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于续写语料运用请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，并用适当的过渡词完成以下语段。看见我朋友悲痛欲绝，我是如此焦虑，我感觉就像热锅上的蚂蚁。我必须竭尽全力振奋他的精神，并说服他不要向暂时的失败屈服。我向他提供了一些有效的措施，缓解他的悲伤和解决他的问题。最终，他相信只有致力于学习他才能通过考试。当我看到他走出阴霾，我的心感觉像喝了蜂蜜一样甜。Seeing my friend overcome with grief，I was so anxious that I felt like an ant on a hot pan.I must do whatever I could to boost his spirits and convince him not to yield to the temporary failure.I offered him some effective measures to alleviate his sadness and tackle his problems.Finally，he was convinced that only if he was devoted to his study could he pass the exam.When I saw him come out of the haze，my heart was as sweet as honey.