(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义第1部分 教材知识解读 选择性必修第四册 Unit 3 Sea Exploration (含答案)

Ⅰ.认阅读单词

1．merchant n．商人；批发商 adj.海上货运的

2．fleet n．舰队；机群；车队

3．behold vt.(beheld，beheld)看；看见

4．spice n．(调味)香料

5．maritime adj.海的；海运的；海事的

6．tournament n．锦标赛；联赛

7．laptop n．笔记本电脑；便携式电脑

8．manned adj.有人控制的；需人操纵的

9．submersible n．潜水器；可潜船

10．underwater adv.在水下 adj.水下的

11．capsule n．胶囊；太空舱

12．coral n．珊瑚

13．migration n．迁移；迁徙；移居

14．directory n．名录；电话号码簿；(计算机文件或程序的)目录

15．exploit vt.开发；利用；剥削

16．gallon n．加仑(容积单位，1英制加仑约等于4.5升)

17．log vt.把……载入正式记录；记录 n．正式记录；日志；原木

18．marine adj.海的；海产的；海生的

19．Marco Polo马可·波罗

20．Columbus哥伦布

21．Churchill丘吉尔

22．Ferdinand Magellan费迪南德·麦哲伦

Ⅱ.记重点单词

1．tale n．故事；叙述

2．negotiate vt.商定；达成(协议) vi.谈判；磋商；协商

3．league n．等级；水平；联合会；联赛

4．royal adj.皇家的；王室的；高贵的

5．withdraw vt.& vi.(withdrew，withdrawn)(使)撤回；撤离

6．channel n．航道；海峡；频道

7．bond n．纽带；关系 vt.& vi.增强信任关系；使牢固结合

8．tax vt.对……征税；使纳税 n．税；税款

9．meanwhile adv.与此同时；(比较两方面)对比之下

10．arrest n．逮捕；拘留；中止 vt.逮捕；拘留；阻止

Ⅲ.知拓展单词

1．extend vt.扩展；使伸长；延长→extensive adj.广阔的；大量的；广泛的→extension n．扩大；延伸；延期；电话分机

2．profession n．职业；行业→professional adj.专业的；职业的→professor n．教授；(大学的)讲师，教员

3．mixture n．混合；结合体；混合物→mix vt.配制；混淆；使混合→mixed adj.混合的；人员混杂的

4．coverage n．新闻报道；覆盖范围→cover vt.包括；报道；行走；涉及；覆盖

5．applaud vt.& vi.鼓掌 vt.称赞；赞赏→applause n．鼓掌；掌声；喝彩

6．murder vt.谋杀；凶杀；毁坏 n．谋杀；凶杀→murderer n．谋杀犯

7．mercy n．仁慈；宽恕；恩惠→merciful adj.仁慈的；慈悲的；宽容的→merciless adj.残忍的；无慈悲心的

8．possession n．[usually pl.]个人财产；拥有；控制→possess vt.控制；使掌握；具有；迷住；拥有

9．opponent n．反对者；对手；竞争者→oppose vt.反对；抵制→opposed adj.反对的；截然不同的

Ⅳ.背核心短语

1．set sail 起航；开航

2．in a league of one’s own 独领风骚

3．withdraw from 退出；撤回

4．in hand 在手头；可供使用

5．press conference 记者招待会；新闻发布会

6．search for寻找

7．under the command of在……的指挥下

8．in return for作为对……的回报

9．for the benefit of为了……的好处

10．there is an urgent need to do sth.急需做某事

1．passive adj.被动的；消极的

2．passport n．护照

3．pattern n．式样

4．plain adj.朴素的；简单的；普通的

5．poisonous adj.有毒的

6．portable adj.手提的；便携式的

7．postpone vt.使延期

8．precious adj.珍贵的

1．The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas，and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world.(The aim is to do...)

这项倡议旨在鼓励横跨历史悠久的丝绸之路地区的合作与贸易，同时加强中国与世界其他地区之间的联系。

2....there is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects.(There is an urgent need to do sth.迫切需要做某事)

……为了了解气候变化以及其影响，迫切需要对北极进行研究。

3．China has invested billions in systems and services along these routes，which will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of future trade and cultural exchange. (which引导的非限制定语从句)

中国已经在这些沿线地区的运输系统和服务上投入了数十亿美元，这将促进整个地区实现大发展，有利于未来的贸易和文化交流。

4．To truly understand our planet，we must explore the oceans which cover most of it. (不定式作目的状语)

为了真正了解我们的星球，我们必须探索覆盖大部分星球的海洋。

5．We need to understand what is happening to our planet so that we can take action.(so that引导目的状语从句)

我们需要了解我们的星球正在发生什么，以便我们可以采取行动。

请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。

The Ming Dynasty desired to strengthen the 1.bonds with some western countries and in 1405 seven large fleets under the command of Zheng He 2.set sail from the South China Sea.They sailed across the Indian Ocean to the east coast of Africa，along the marine channels which had been 3.extended by the former merchants and explorers.They took gold，silk and spices to the African royal families and 4.negotiated trade deals with them.Meanwhile，with advanced weapons in hand，they had mercy on rather than exploited，murdered or arrested the people in other countries，who in turn applauded them.They also 5.logged many tales that had happened along the way.Although China 6.withdrew from further expeditions after 1433，these fleets were a sight to behold and were in a league of their own at that time.

提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇

extend vt.扩展；使伸长；延长；提供；伸展，展开(extensive adj.广阔的；大量的；广泛的 extension n．延伸；扩大；延期)

(1)That’s the logical extension of my approach to extensive reading.(extend)

(2)This road extends to the river，where there are many tourists every day.

(3)这些课程每周上一节课，每节课两小时，持续超过20周。

These courses are based on a weekly two-hour class，extending over a period of twenty weeks.

(4)我要由衷感谢这些年来为我们做了很多的全体老师。(应用文写作之感谢信)

I would like to extend my heartfelt gratitude to all my teachers，who have done so much for us over the years.

mercy n．仁慈；宽恕；恩惠(merciful adj.仁慈的；慈悲的；宽容的 merciless adj.残忍的；无慈悲心的)

(1)The merciful(mercy) king saved him from death，which moved him.

(2)The boss often exploits young employees；that is，young employees are at the mercy of the boss.

(3)尽管Meredith一家不富裕，但他们同情穷人，总是在可能的时候愿意伸出援手。

(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)

Although the Merediths weren’t well off，they showed mercy to/had mercy on/upon the poor and were always willing to extend a supporting hand whenever possible.

possession n．[usually pl.]个人财产；拥有；控制(possess vt.拥有；具有；支配)

(1)幸福不是渴望我们没有的东西，而是享受我们所拥有的东西。

Happiness is not wishing for what we don’t have，but enjoying what we possess/take possession of/are in possession of.

(2)请记住只有拥有良好的心态你才有可能获得成功。

Please keep in mind that only by possessing a good state of mind can you be likely to attain success.(运用倒装句)

in hand在手头；可供使用

用hand的相关短语填空

(1)As an old saying goes，“Success and failure always go hand in hand.”

(2)Having enough data in hand，we can set out to hold the press conference as scheduled.

(3)Meanwhile，you’d better keep a dictionary close at hand so that you can look up unfamiliar words in it.

(4)Even for personal letters，the merchant would rather use a computer than write by hand.

(5)On the one hand，computers extend our vision；on the other (hand)，they also bring about some harmful problems.

　...there is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects.……为了了解气候变化以及其影响，迫切需要对北极进行研究。

(1)急需选择一种既健康又环保的旅游方式，那就是骑自行车。(话题写作之环境保护)

There is an urgent need to choose a healthy and environmentally friendly way of traveling，that is bicycle riding.

(2)没有实践只掌握理论是没有意义的。

There is no point/sense (in) only mastering theory without practice.

(3)毫无疑问，我良好的沟通能力能够使我与他人保持良好的关系。

There is no doubt that my good communication skills enable me to keep a good relationship with others.

(4)只要你全神贯注于你的目标，你就有可能实现你的目标。

There is a possibility that you achieve your goal as long as you put your heart into it.

　 We need to understand what is happening to our planet so that we can take action.

我们需要了解我们的星球正在发生什么，以便我们可以采取行动。

(1)每个学生都会有不同的弱科和强科，所以他们应该互相学习，这样比起劣势来，他们就可以有更多的优势。

Every student may have different weak and strong subjects，so they should learn from each other so that/in order that they can have more advantages than disadvantages.

(2)请制订一个锻炼计划并坚持下去，这样你就能很快恢复健康。

Please come up with a workout schedule and stick to it so that you can recover soon.

(3)她比从前学习努力，因此她轻松地通过了考试。

She studied harder than before so that she passed the exam with ease.

提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇

Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍

1．withdraw

(1)I wanted to withdraw 4,000 from my bank account.  C 

(2)The tennis player withdrew from several tournaments due to injury.  A 

(3)Sensing his mistake，the minister withdrew his statement later.  B 

2．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思

(1)All the people present at the meeting applaud my decision.赞成

(2)The charming man arrested my attention.吸引

Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识

1．The straightforward prime minister extended(extend) his hand to the new minister of education at yesterday’s press conference.

2．I take possession of three cars and I have the capacity to maintain them on a regular basis.

3．He doesn’t have the freedom to choose what he likes，so I have mercy on/upon him.

4．I negotiated with other sponsors of the exhibition about how to organize it perfectly.

5．For some reason，I withdrew from a handful of grand clubs and I will never join them again.

6．The coverage(cover) proved to be out of line with the truth and was deleted.

7．He murdered(murder) a political leader，so he was put in prison and lost his liberty forever.

8．With some reference books on politics in hand，I can refer to them whenever necessary.

9．This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture(mix) of modern and traditional Chinese elements.

10．All the merchants stayed silent，listened to me carefully and gave me a big round of applause(applaud) at the end.

Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练

倡议书——共享单车

1．由于有共享单车可使用，我们的学校生活变得越来越便利了。(with复合结构)

With shared bikes in hand，our school life has become increasingly convenient.

2．但是许多学生把车子停在校园里，甚至上了私锁，这给下一批使用者造成不便。(which引导的非限制性定语从句)

But many students park the bikes on campus and even put private locks on them，which causes inconvenience to next users.

3．因此，急需改变这种不恰当的行为。(There is an urgent need to do sth.)

So there is an urgent need to change the improper behavior.

4．为了提高学生合理使用共享单车的意识，我们学校号召我们学生恰当使用共享单车。(to do作目的状语)

To raise students’ awareness of using shared bikes reasonably，our school calls on us students to use shared bikes properly.

5．我们学生应该响应学校的号召以便每个人能够受益于这项服务。(so that引导目的状语从句)

We students should respond to the call of our school so that everyone can benefit from this service.

Ⅱ.微型写作——续写提能练

教材续写语料

1．情感描写

mercy n．仁慈；宽恕；恩惠

opponent n．反对者；对手；竞争者→oppose vt.反对；抵制→opposed adj.反对的；截然不同的

2．动作描写

exploit vt.开发；利用；剥削

withdraw vt.& vi.(使)撤回；撤离

bond n．纽带；关系 vt.& vi.增强信任关系；使牢固结合

arrest n．逮捕；拘留；中止 vt.逮捕；拘留；阻止

extend vt.扩展；使伸长；延长

applaud vt.& vi.鼓掌 vt.称赞；赞赏

possess vt.控制；使掌握；具有；迷住；拥有

续写语料运用

请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，并用适当的过渡词完成以下语段。

昨天我们对所有新生表示热烈的欢迎。学校利用这次机会告知他们校规。所有学生应该彼此建立和谐的关系。我们强烈反对恶性竞争。我们应该拥有同情心，怜悯处于困境的学生，乐意伸出援手。我们的善意和勤奋将会被高度赞扬。总之，新学校的一切吸引了新生的注意力。嘴角洋溢着自信的微笑，似乎美好的未来正在向他们招手。

We extended a very warm welcome to all the freshmen yesterday.The school exploited the chance to inform them of school rules.All the students should build harmonious bonds with each other.We were strongly opposed to evil competition.We should possess sympathy，have mercy on those in trouble and willingly extend a helping hand.Our kindness and hard work would be applauded greatly.All in all，everything in the new school arrested the freshmen’s attention.With confident smiles coming out of the corners of their mouths，it seemed that a bright future was waving at them.