(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义第1部分 教材知识解读 选择性必修第一册 Unit 1 People of Achievement (含答案)

Ⅰ.认阅读单词

1．physiology n．生理学；生理机能

2．artemisinin n．[药]青蒿素

3．malaria n．疟疾

4．extract n．提取物；摘录 vt.提取；提炼；摘录；(用力)拔出

5．wormwood n．蒿；洋艾

6．substance n．物质；物品；事实根据

7．penicillin n．青霉素；盘尼西林

8．chart n．图表 vt.记录；制订计划

9．numerous adj.众多的；许多的

10．theory n．理论；学说

11．relativity n．相对论；相对性

12．formula n．公式；方程式；配方

13．patent n．专利；专利证书；获得专利 adj.有专利的；受专利保护的

14．doctorate n．博士学位

15．photoelectric adj.光电的

16．institution n．社会公共机构；制度；习俗

17．institute n．(教育、专业等)机构；机构建筑

18．moustache n．上唇的胡子；髭

19．peculiarity n．个性；特点；怪异的性质

20．device n．方法；技巧；装置；仪器

21．Nobel Prize诺贝尔奖

22．Albert Einstein阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦

23．Switzerland瑞士(国家名)

24．Swiss adj.瑞士的 n．(pl.Swiss)瑞士人

25．Isaac Newton艾萨克·牛顿

26．Jewish adj.犹太人的；犹太教的

27．Princeton普林斯顿(美国城市)

Ⅱ.记重点单词

1．crucial adj.至关重要的；关键性的

2．vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的

3．objective n．目标；目的 adj.客观的

4．property n．性质；特征；财产

5．boil vt.& vi.(使)沸腾；煮开；烧开 n．沸腾；沸点

6．liquid n．液体 adj.液体的；液态的

7．obtain vt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得 vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行

8．acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢

9．defeat n．失败；挫败 vt.击败；战胜

10．apparently adv.显而易见；看来；显然

11．insist vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求

12．mostly adv.主要地；一般地

13．flee vi.& vt.(fled，fled)迅速离开；逃跑

14．circumstance n．[usually pl.]条件；环境；状况

15．flow n．流；流动；流畅；供应 vi.流；流动

16．infer vt.推断；推定

17．genius n．(pl.geniuses)天才；天资；天赋

18．extraordinary adj.不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的

19．gradually adv.逐渐地；逐步地

20．encounter vt.偶然碰到；遇到 n．邂逅；遭遇

21．mourn vt.& vi.哀悼；忧伤

22．remarkable adj.非凡的；显著的

23．sum vi.总结；概括 n．金额；款项；总数；总和

24．draft n．草稿；草案 vt.起草；草拟

Ⅲ.知拓展单词

1．commit vt.做出(错或非法的事)；犯(罪或错等)；承诺；保证 vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的→commitment n．投入；奉献；承诺

2．academy n．(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校→academic adj.学业的；学术的

3．botanical adj.植物学的→botany n．植物学

4．evaluate vt.评价；评估→evaluation n．评价；评估

5．distinct adj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的→distinction n．区别；差别

6．analyse(NAmE -ze)vt.分析→analysis(pl.analyses) n．分析

7．scientific adj.科学(上)的；关于科学的→science n．科学→scientist n．科学家

8．conclusion n．结论；推论→conclude vt.断定；推断出

9．novelist n．小说家→novel n．(长篇)小说 adj.新颖的；珍奇的

10．found vt.创建；建立；把……建立在→foundation n．创建；基金会→founder n．创建者；创始人

11．politician n．政治家；从政者；政客→politics n．政治→political adj.政治的

12．gentle adj.温柔的；文静的→gently adv.温柔地；温和地

13．passion n．酷爱；激情→passionate adj.有激情的

14．consequence n．结果；后果→consequent adj.随之发生的；作为结果的→consequently adv.结果；因此；所以

15．professor n．教授→profession n．职业，行业→professional adj.职业的 n．专业人士

Ⅳ.背核心短语

1．commit oneself to (sth./doing sth./do sth.)承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)

2．insist on坚决要求

3．wear and tear(正常使用造成的)磨损；损耗

4．flow chart流程图

5．come to power(开始)掌权；上台

6．take up a position担任；任职

7．sum up总结；概括

8．lead to导致

9．graduate from毕业于

10．with the objective of目的是

1．feature n．特征；特色

2．fiction n．小说；虚构的事

3．fierce adj.猛烈的；凶猛的

4．finance n．财政；金融

5．flashlight n．手电筒

6．flexible adj.灵活的；柔韧的；可弯曲的

7．forgetful adj.健忘的；易忘的

8．fortnight n．十四日；两星期

1．Artemisinin has saved hundreds of thousands of lives，and has led to improved health for millions of people.(过去分词作前置定语)

青蒿素挽救了成千上万人的生命，并改善了数百万人的健康状况。

2．After failing more than 190 times，the team finally succeeded in 1971.(After doing...)

在失败了190多次之后，这个团队终于在1971年成功了。

3．Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize，she said，“The honour is not just mine.”(Upon doing...)

获悉自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这份荣誉不仅仅属于我。”

4．It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.(it作形式主语)

中国的科学研究和中医药得以在全世界传播确实是一个荣誉。

5．While working there，out of a strong passion for knowledge，he continued to study，earning a doctorate in physics in 1905.(While doing...)

在此工作期间，出于对知识的强烈热情，他继续学习，并于1905年获得了物理学博士学位。

请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。

Madam Curie

Being an extraordinary woman genius，gentle Madam Curie managed to obtain two kinds of radioactive elements，which were 1.vital and crucial to physics.It was widely acknowledged that she was born in Poland in 1867.Distinct from other girls，she had a strong passion for science and 2.committed her whole life to scientific research.After graduating from high school，she took up a position as a tutor.In 1891，she was admitted into the University of Paris，where she achieved great 3.academic performances and as a consequence，she became the first woman professor.Under unbearable circumstances，she and her husband spared no effort to analyze and evaluate pitchblende(沥青铀矿) with the 4.objective of extracting radioactive substances and studying their properties.Although they encountered numerous failures，under no circumstances did the couple 5.acknowledge defeat and they insisted on their ambition.Using flow charts and summing up what they had studied，the couple finally drew a 6.conclusion that Po and Ra did exist，which was soon spread throughout the world.Their theory，as other products and devices，could stand wear and tear.In 1934，Madam Curie passed away and the whole world mourned the great loss of a remarkable scientist.

提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇

commit vt.做出(错或非法的事)；犯(罪或错等)；承诺；保证；花(钱或时间) vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)(committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的 commitment n．投入；奉献；承诺)

(1)This requires commitment(commit)to a particular occupation，branch of study or research.(2021·3月天津)

(2)我强烈建议你每天抽出一个小时读英语，这将逐渐提高你的英语口语。(应用文写作之建议信)

I strongly suggest that you (should) commit one hour to reading/read English every day，which will gradually improve your spoken English.

(3)我在如此多的人面前犯了一个愚蠢的错误，满脸窘得通红。(读后续写之尴尬心理描写)

I committed a silly mistake in front of so many people，my face red with embarrassment.

(4)他渴望被这所著名的研究院录取，因此，他每天都致力于学习。

He desires to be admitted to the famous academy and as a consequence，he is committed to studying hard on a daily basis.

  acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢

(1)Tom acknowledged being defeated/having been defeated(defeat) in the English speech competition，which made us quite depressed.

(2) Professor Yang Zhenning is acknowledged as one of the world’s greatest physicists.

(3)我感谢我的英语老师，没有他我不可能在英语方面取得如此巨大的进步。(应用文写作之感谢信)

I acknowledge my English teacher，without whom I couldn’t have made such great progress in English.

(4)大家普遍认为这部电影不仅具有指导意义，并且充满激情。

It is universally/widely acknowledged that the film is not only instructive but also full of passion.

  insist vt.& vi.坚持；坚决要求

(1)As a consequence of some solid evidence，the police officer insisted that he had disobeyed(disobey) the traffic rules and (should) be fined(fine)．

(2)只有当我们坚持经常锻炼身体我们才能保持身心健康。

①We can keep physically and mentally healthy only when we insist on working out regularly.(insist on)

②Only when we insist on working out regularly can we keep physically and mentally healthy.(用倒装句改写)

  conclusion n．结论；推论(conclude vt.断定；推断出)

(1)The famous novelist concluded his speech with a distinguished saying “Where there is a will，there is a way.”

(2)总之，你的切实可行的建议一定可以使我们关于中国传统文化的主题班会吸引更多的外国人。(2021·全国甲，书面表达)

In conclusion，your practical suggestions are bound to make our theme class meeting about traditional Chinese cultures appeal to more foreigners.

(3)我从自己的经历中得出结论：“没有付出就没有收获。”

①I concluded from my own experience，“No pains，no gains.”(conclude)

②I came to/reached/arrived at/drew a conclusion from my own experience，“No pains，no gains.”(conclusion)

circumstance n．(usually pl.)条件；环境；状况

(1)我决不放弃创办一家公司的目标，因此，如果条件允许的话，我将立即采取行动去实现我的梦想。

Under/In no circumstances will I give up the objective of founding a company.As a consequence，if circumstances permit/allow，I will take immediate action to accomplish my dream.

(2)即使在这种情况下，他仍然不遗余力地提高自己。

Even under/in the circumstances，he still spared no effort to improve himself.

take up a position担任；任职

用take的相关短语填空

(1)With the remarkable development of science and technology，our country has taken on a new look.

(2)I acknowledged that I hardly took in what the teacher said in class，which made me in low spirits.

(3)Tom，a person with passion，will take up his position as chairman of the Student Association at the end of next month.

(4)The smart professor had no difficulty taking apart the fridge and repaired it successfully.

(5) Apparently，when the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.

(6)We students insist on taking down the key points at class and sum them up after class.

　 Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize，she said，“The honour is not just mine.” 获悉自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这份荣誉不仅仅属于我。”

(1)一听说伯纳德陷入困难，约翰立即致力于通过做爆米花帮助他。(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)

Upon/On learning that Bernard was caught in difficulty，John was immediately committed to helping him by making popcorn.(Upon/On doing...)

(2)我的头一从大南瓜里拔出来，我就松了一口气。(2021·1月浙江，读后续写)

①As soon as my head was pulled out of the huge pumpkin，I sighed in relief.(as soon as)

②The instant my head was pulled out of the huge pumpkin，I sighed in relief.(the instant)

③Immediately my head was pulled out of the huge pumpkin，I sighed in relief.(immediately)

　 It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.中国的科学研究和中医药得以在全世界传播确实是一个荣誉。

(1)很荣幸能发表演讲，与大家分享我对京剧的看法。(应用文写作之演讲稿)

It is a great honour to deliver a speech to share with you my opinions on Beijing Opera.

(2)据说将展览中国专家的许多剪纸作品。

It is said that a large number of paper-cutting works by experts throughout China will be on show.

(3) Apparently，we should spend some time taking a brief look at the history of the Tang Dynasty.

→It is apparent that we should spend some time taking a brief look at the history of the Tang Dynasty.(it作形式主语)

(4)I’m more than delighted to learn that you are going to visit a Chinese family.It is necessary for you to know about the table manners of China.(应用文写作之传统文化)

→I’m more than delighted to learn that you are going to visit a Chinese family.It is necessary that you should know about the table manners of China.(It is＋adj.＋that...)

(5)这些国家公园已经得到旅游公司的财政支持，这是事实。

It is a fact that these national parks have obtained financial support from tourist companies.

提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇

Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍

1．acknowledge

(1)I acknowledge my mother，who always supports me whatever happens.  C 

(2)Gradually he began to acknowledge his feelings of envy towards his sister.  A 

(3)All applications will be acknowledged by emails.  B 

2．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思

(1)Tu Youyou discovered a novel method to extract the useful substance.新颖的

(2)In 1967，the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria.目标

Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识

1．Committed(commit) to scientific research to a great extent，he couldn’t spare any time to go on holiday.

2．Apparently(apparent)，we can’t judge people from external appearances.

3．I acknowledge making/having made(make) a bet with his classmate.

4．Jack wasn’t saying anything but the teacher smiled at him as if he had done(do) some odd things.

5．To sum up，we can tackle the problem in this scientific manner.

6．From the proof we have gathered，we can indeed draw a conclusion(conclude) that he has broken the law.

7．Insisting that Tom had stolen(steal) her car，the old tailor insisted that he (should) be sent(send) to prison.

8．It is normal for us students to feel anxious and nervous before important examinations.

9．We tried to find a table for seven，but as a matter of fact，they were all taken up.

10．Under/In no circumstances will my mother permit me to go out alone at night.

Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练

(2020·全国Ⅰ)——我最尊敬的人

1．我最尊敬的人是我的叔叔，他终生致力于治愈病人的疾病。(be committed to)

The person I respect most is my uncle who is committed to curing patients of their diseases all his life.

2．无论他遇到什么困难，他决不承认失败。(circumstance；acknowledge)

Whatever difficulties he encounters，under/in no circumstances will he acknowledge defeat.

3．自从他就职，他坚持全心全意为病人服务。(insist on)

Ever since he took up his position，he has insisted on serving all the patients heart and soul.

4．在他看来，帮助病人从疾病中康复是他的职责。(it作形式主语)

In his opinion，it is his responsibility to help patients recover from illnesses.

5．2020年一听说武汉急需医生，他毫不犹豫地前往武汉。(Upon/On doing...)

Upon/On hearing that Wu Han was in great need of doctors in 2020，he headed for Wu Han without hesitation.

Ⅱ.微型写作——续写提能练

教材续写语料

1．情感描写

gentle adj.温柔的；文静的

passion n．酷爱；激情

2．动作描写

commit vt.做出(错或非法的事)；犯(罪或错等)；承诺；保证 vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)

boil vt.& vi.(使)沸腾；煮开；烧开 n．沸腾；沸点

acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢

defeat n．失败；挫败 vt.击败；战胜

insist vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求

flow n．流；流动；流畅；供应 vi.流；流动

encounter vt.偶然碰到；遇到 n．邂逅；遭遇

mourn vt.& vi.哀悼；忧伤

续写语料运用

请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，并用适当的过渡词完成以下语段。

袁隆平被认为是最伟大的农业科学家，他于2021年5月22日在长沙与世长辞。天下着毛毛细雨，好像在哀悼痛失这位温和而杰出的科学家。悲痛欲绝，许多中国人为之痛哭，泪水不受控制地顺着脸颊流下来。他终生满怀热情地致力于研究水稻。他始终坚持自己的梦想，无论他遇到什么样的困难，他都不承认失败。

Acknowledged as the greatest scientist in agriculture，Yuan Longping passed away in Changsha on May 22,2021.It was drizzling as if it were mourning the great loss of the gentle brilliant scientist.Overcome with sorrow，many Chinese people cried their hearts out，tears flowing down cheeks uncontrollably.He committed all his life to studying rice with passion.He always insisted on his dream and he wouldn’t acknowledge defeat whatever difficulties he encountered.