(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义第1部分 教材知识解读 选择性必修第二册 Unit 5 First Aid (含答案)

这是一份(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义第1部分 教材知识解读 选择性必修第二册 Unit 5 First Aid (含答案)，共10页。
 Ⅰ.认阅读单词1．leaflet n．散页印刷品；传单；小册子2．organ n．(人或动植物的)器官3．toxin n．毒素(尤指细菌产生的致病物质)4．ray n．光线；光束；(热、电等)射线5．radiation n．辐射；放射线6．acid n．酸 adj.酸的；酸性的7．millimetre n．毫米；千分之一米8．layer n．层；表层；层次9．blister n．(皮肤上因摩擦、烫伤等引起的)水疱；(金属等表面的)气泡、水泡10．underneath prep.& adv.在……底下；隐藏在下面11．fabric n．织物；布料；(社会、机构等的)结构12．paramedic n．急救医生；护理人员13．bathtub n．浴缸；浴盆14．mosquito n．(pl.-oes，-os)蚊子15．ambulance n．救护车16．IV needle静脉注射针17．vital sign生命体征18．ward n．病房19．sprain vt.扭伤(关节) n．扭伤20．ankle n．踝；踝关节21．diner n．(尤指餐馆的)就餐者22．steak n．牛排；肉排23．obstruction n．阻碍；堵塞；阻塞物24．motion n．运动；移动25．manual n．使用手册；说明书 adj.用手的；手工的；体力的；手控的26．membership n．会员身份；全体会员；会员人数27．Taylor泰勒28．CPR abbr.(cardiopulmonary resuscitation)心肺复苏(包括人工呼吸和体外心脏按压)29．mouth-to-mouth rescue breathing口对口人工呼吸Ⅱ.记重点单词1．technique n．技能；技术；技艺2．victim n．受害者；患者3．nerve n．神经4．loose adj.松的；未系紧的；宽松的5．swallow vt.& vi.吞下；咽下6．wrap vt.包、裹；(用手臂等)围住7．bath n．洗澡；(BrE＝bathtub)浴缸；浴盆 vt.(NAmE＝bathe)给……洗澡8．slip vi.滑倒；滑落；溜走 n．滑倒；小错误；纸条9．elderly adj.年纪较大的；上了年纪的(婉辞)10．carpet n．地毯11．delay vi.& vt.推迟；延期(做某事) vt.耽误；耽搁 n．延误；耽搁(的时间)；推迟12．needle n．针；缝衣针；注射针；指针13．drown vi.& vt.(使)淹死；溺死；浸泡；淹没14．panic vi.& vt.(使)惊慌 n．惊恐；恐慌15．scream vi.& vt.(因愤怒或恐惧)高声喊；大声叫 n．尖叫；尖锐刺耳的声音16．fellow adj.同类的；同事的；同伴的；同情况的 n．男人；家伙；同事；同辈；同类17．choke vi.& vt.(使)窒息；(使)哽咽；噎住18．throat n．咽喉；喉咙19．desperate adj.绝望的；孤注一掷的；非常需要的20．slap vt.(用手掌)打、拍 n．(用手掌)打、拍；拍击声21．fist n．拳；拳头22．grab vt.抓住；攫取 n．抓取；抢夺23．welfare n．幸福；福祉；安康；福利24．collapse vi.(突然)倒塌；(因病等)昏倒25．suburb n．郊区；城外Ⅲ.知拓展单词1．minor adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的→minority n．少数；少数民族2．electric adj.电的；用电的；电动的→electrical adj.与电有关的→electricity n．电；电学3．swollen adj.(身体部位)肿起的；肿胀的→swell vi.(swelled，swollen)膨胀，肿胀4．urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的；急切的→urge vt.力劝；敦促；强烈要求 n．强烈的欲望5．ease vi.& vt.使(宽慰)；减轻；缓解 n．容易；舒适；自在→easy adj.容易的→easily adv.容易地6．operator n．电话接线员；操作员→operate vt.操作；运转；动手术→operation n．运转；手术7．bleeding n．流血；失血→bleed vi.(bled，bled)流血；失血→blood n．血液；血8．interrupt vi.& vt.打断；打扰 vt.使暂停；使中断→interruption n．打扰9．practical adj.切实可行的；实际的；实践的→practice n．练习；实践；惯例→practically adv.几乎；差不多；实际上10．tightly adv.紧紧地；牢固地；紧密地→tight adj.牢固的；紧身的；绷紧的；严密的 adv.紧紧地；牢固地→tighten vt.(使)变紧；(使)加紧11．justify vt.证明……有道理；为……辩护；是……的正当理由→justice n．正义；公正12．foggy adj.有雾的→fog n．雾Ⅳ.背核心短语1．sense of touch触觉2．electric shock触电；电击3．help sb.to one’s feet帮助某人站起身来4．face up/down面朝上(朝下)5．sleep in迟起；睡过头；睡懒觉6．out of shape健康状况不好7．prevent...from...阻止8．a variety of各种各样的9．suffer from遭受10．There is an urgent need to do sth.急需做某事。1．kidnap vt.& n．拐走；绑架2．kindergarten n．幼儿园 3．kitchen n．厨房4．knowledge n．知识；学问 5．landscape n．风景；景色6．lame adj.跛的；瘸的；残废的7．laughter n．笑；笑声8．launch vt.发射；发起(运动)1．It also helps control your body temperature，prevents your body from losing too much water，warns you when things are too hot or cold，and gives you your sense of touch.(prevent sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事)它(皮肤)还有助于控制体温，防止身体流失过多的水分，在外物过热或过冷时发出警告，并使你拥有触觉。2．As you can imagine，getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.(as引导的非限制性定语从句)正如你能想象的，被灼伤可能会导致非常严重的损伤。3．Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary，unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.(unless引导的条件状语从句)如有必要，用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服，除非你看到衣服与被烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起。4．If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns，there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.(there is an urgent need to do sth.急需做某事)如果伤者是二度或三度烧伤，必须立刻送往医院。5．They suggested he eat more slowly and take smaller bites before they left.[suggest (that) sb.(should) do sth.建议某人做某事]离开前，他们建议他吃饭要细嚼慢咽，小口进食。请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。Many leaflets and manuals offer practical techniques on first aid，which state that calling emergency numbers without 1.delay is the first step.But before paramedics in the ambulance come，you can save yourself or look after others’ welfare by using first aid.If you get burned by radiation，acids or other chemicals，don’t 2.panic or scream.Instead，remove any clothes unless you see fabric sticking to the burned skin.Then wash it under the running water.With your skin swollen and full of blisters or with your nerves damaged，there is an 3.urgent need to rush to hospital.Swallowing foods too quickly can cause you to get 4.choked on steak，toast or anything else with ease.Then，people around you can slap on your back，forcing the obstruction out.As for a 5.bleeding nose，neither should you keep your face up，nor should you press the nose 6.tightly.You can use the mouth-to-mouth rescue breathing method to save a drowned man.You can apply cold water to the sprained ankle.All in all，learning some knowledge about first aid makes a great difference.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇 ease n．容易；舒适；自在vt.& vi.减轻；缓解；使安心；(使)宽慰with ease容易地；不费力地at ease舒适；悠闲；自在put/set sb.at ease使某人放松/自在 (1)得知孩子们都安全，他才放心。His mind was at ease，knowing that the children were safe.(2)打篮球是缓解我们巨大学习压力的最好方法，同时也能从中找到一些乐趣。(话题写作之体育运动)Playing basketball serves as the best way to ease our great study pressure and find some pleasure at the same time.(3)如果你每天坚持用英语写日记，你会很容易提高你的书面英语。(话题写作之语言学习)①If you insist on keeping diaries in English every day，you can improve your written English with ease.②Insist on keeping diaries in English every day，and you can improve your written English with ease.(用“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”改写) panic vi.& vt.(panicked；panicked；panicking)(使)惊慌 n．惊慌；惊恐•panic sb.into doing sth.使某人仓惶行事•get into a panic陷入恐慌in panic惊慌失措地；处在恐慌中 (1)When people heard the urgent news，they fled the village in panic.(2)简陷入恐慌，她的心如此剧烈跳动，她感觉快要窒息了。(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)Jane got into a panic，and her heart beat so violently that she felt nearly suffocated.(3)野狼的嚎叫吓得我尖叫起来。(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)The roar of the wild wolf panicked me into screaming. desperate adj.绝望的；孤注一掷的；非常需要的(desperately adv.绝望地；拼命地；极严重地；非常需要)be desperate for sth.渴望某物be desperate to do sth.渴望做某事 (1)I desperately(desperate)need your assistance because I have an urgent matter to handle.(2)看到考试的结果，我是如此绝望，以至于我感觉好像被扔进了黑暗的世界。(读后续写之绝望心理描写)①Seeing the result of the exam，I was so desperate that I felt as if I were thrown into a world of darkness.②Seeing the result of the exam，so desperate was I that I felt as if I were thrown into a world of darkness.(倒装句)(3)我渴望有机会成为一名志愿者。我的确希望您能给我这个宝贵的机会。(应用文写作之申请信)①I am desperate for the chance to be a volunteer.I do hope you can offer me the precious opportunity.②Desperate for the chance to be a volunteer，I do hope you can offer me the precious opportunity.(用形容词短语作状语改写)用法点拨　表示“渴望某物/做某事”的短语还有：be eager for sth./to do sth.，be anxious for sth./to do sth.，long for sth./to do sth.，be dying for sth./to do sth. help sb.to one’s feet帮助某人站起身来struggle to one’s feet挣扎着站起来rise to one’s feet站起来；起身jump to one’s feet跳起来drag one’s feet拖着脚stamp one’s feet跺脚 (1)看到那个男孩摔倒了，我冲过去帮他站了起来。Seeing the boy fall down，I rushed to help him to his feet.(2)打篮球时这个男孩的腿受伤了，但是他挣扎着站了起来。While playing basketball，the boy’s leg got injured，but he struggled to his feet.(3)当来宾进来时，请大家站起来以显示我们的礼貌。When visitors come in，please rise to our feet to show our politeness. face down/up面朝下/上be faced with＝face sth.面临in the face of面对lose face丢面子/丢脸make a face (at)皱眉头；做苦相；做鬼脸 (1)当看到一个男孩脸朝下从校车上摔下来时，他冲过去帮忙。When seeing a boy fall off a school bus，face down，he rushed to his assistance.(2)我强烈建议你学英语的时候不要害怕丢脸。I strongly suggest that you shouldn’t be afraid of losing face when you learn English.(3)面对巨大的挑战，我最好的朋友永远不会放弃，直到她最终成功。①In the face of great challenges，my best friend will never give up until she finally succeeds.(in the face of)②Faced with great challenges，my best friend will never give up until she finally succeeds.(过去分词短语作状语；be faced with) out of shape健康状况不好；变形in good/bad shape健康状况良好/不佳keep/be in shape保持健康in the shape of以……的形状/形式 (1)You have been sitting on the elderly woman’s hat and now it is badly out of shape.(2)The lazy fellow hadn’t been training for months and was really out of shape.(3)She jogs for an hour in the suburbs every morning to keep/be in shape.(4)Some lanterns are in the shape of fruits and they look beautiful.　 As you can imagine，getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.正如你能想象的，被灼烧可能会导致非常严重的损伤。•as引导非限制性定语从句时，常在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语，从句可位于句首、句中或句末。•as引导定语从句的常用句式有：as is known to us all/as we all know众所周知as we can see正如我们所看到的as is reported正如报道的那样as is often the case这是常有的事as is mentioned above正如上面所提到的 (1)我们能够从历史中找到一些问题的解决方法，这是常有的事。As is often the case，we can probably find solutions to some problems from history.(2)众所周知，兴趣是最好的老师。①As is known to us all/As we all know，interest is the best teacher.(as引导的非限制性定语从句)②What is known to us all is that interest is the best teacher.(what引导的主语从句)③It is known to us all that interest is the best teacher.(it作形式主语)提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍1．desperate(1)Doctors were fighting a desperate battle to save the little girl’s life.  C  (2)The operator was so desperate for a job that he would have done anything.  A  (3)I decided to hug Tom tightly when he was in such a desperate position.  B  2．ease(1)As we expected，he settled the minor problem with ease.  B  (2)I was not entirely at ease with the fellow who liked making jokes.  C  (3)I eased her mind by telling her that her skin was slightly swollen.  A  3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思(1)Money was always tight，but we had a roof over our heads.(经济)紧张的(2)I swallowed my pride and asked someone at the bus stop for help.抑制(3)She was rushed to hospital after her collapse at work.昏倒Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识1．He presented me with a bunch of flowers and then we hugged each other tightly(tight)．2．He reached out a hand，grabbed(grab) her arm and dragged her back.(读后续写之动作链描写)3．The photographer was desperate to achieve(achieve) his goal to win others’ respect.4．He wrapped(wrap) his arms around me and whispered，“You are bound to succeed.”5．The photographer slipped(slip) downstairs，tiptoed out of the house and disappeared into the darkness.(读后续写之动作链描写)6．What astonished me was that he delayed taking(take) immediate action and missed a precious chance.7．Whenever some problems arose，he was bound to chat with me continually to put me at ease.8．Every time you feel panicked(panic)，you’d better take a deep breath and try to relax yourself.9．What astonishes me most is that he is out of shape now because of years of hard work.10．A student interrupted(interrupt) me in class by asking me a question contrary to my requirement. Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练话题写作之人际关系——消除和朋友的误解1．得知你渴望消除你和朋友之间的误解，我写信给你一些建议。(be desperate to do)Learning that you are desperate to break down the misunderstanding between you and your friend，I am writing to offer you some suggestions.2．我强烈建议你们俩冷静下来。(suggest)I strongly suggest that you both should keep calm.3．除非你们面对面地彼此交流，否则，你们之间的误解不会解决。(unless)The misunderstanding between you won’t be settled unless both of you communicate with each other face to face.4．另外，你们急需设身处地为彼此着想。(there is an urgent need to do)Besides，there is an urgent need for you to put yourselves into each other’s shoes.5．众所周知，彼此的理解可以融化对方心中的坚冰。(as引导的非限制性定语从句)As is known to us all/As we all know，mutual understanding can melt the ice in each other’s heart.Ⅱ.微型写作——续写提能练教材续写语料1．情感描写panic vi.& vt.(使)惊慌 n．惊恐；恐慌scream vi.& vt.(因愤怒或恐惧)高声喊；大声叫choke vi.& vt.(使)窒息；(使)哽咽；噎住desperate adj.绝望的；孤注一掷的；非常需要的→desperately adv.绝望地；非常2．动作描写swallow vt.& vi.吞下；咽下wrap vt.包、裹；(用手臂等)围住bath vt.(NAmE＝bathe)给……洗澡slip vi.滑倒；滑落；溜走drown vi.& vt.(使)淹死；溺死；浸泡；淹没slap vt.(用手掌)打、拍grab vt.抓住；攫取collapse vi.(突然)倒塌；(因病等)昏倒ease vi.& vt.使(宽慰)；减轻；缓解tightly adv.紧紧地；牢固地；紧密地→tighten vt.& vi.(使)变紧；(使)加紧help sb.to one’s feet帮助某人站起身来face up/down面朝上(朝下)3．环境描写foggy adj.有雾的续写语料运用请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，并用适当的过渡词完成以下语段。在一个有雾的早晨，一只野狼溜进了我们的房子。我和我弟弟吓得尖叫起来。我们的喉咙发紧，几乎要窒息而死。我弟弟用胳膊紧紧地抱着我，他几乎要昏倒了。在那时，我看到一个粗棍，我猛地推开弟弟的胳膊，抓起棍，拼命地向狼砸去。狼嚎叫着逃跑了。我使劲咽了口唾沫，跌跌撞撞地走向我颤抖的弟弟，帮助他站起来，拍着他的后背以缓解他的紧张。On a foggy morning，a wild wolf slipped into our house.My brother and I were panicked into screaming.Our throats tightened and we nearly choked to death.My brother wrapped his arms around me tightly and he nearly collapsed.At that time，seeing a thick stick，I jerked away my brother’s arms，grabbed the stick and desperately smashed it to the wolf.The wolf fled in roars.I swallowed hard.I stumbled to my trembling brother，helped him to his feet and slapped him on the back to ease his nervousness.