(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义第1部分 教材知识解读 选择性必修第二册 Unit 1 Science and Scientists (含答案)

这是一份(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义第1部分 教材知识解读 选择性必修第二册 Unit 1 Science and Scientists (含答案)，共10页。
 Ⅰ.认阅读单词1．cholera n．霍乱2．diarrhoea n．腹泻3．dehydration n．脱水4．contradictory adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的5．germ n．微生物；细菌；病菌6．pump n．泵；抽水机；打气筒7．water pump水泵8．household n．一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人9．raw adj.未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的10．statistic n．[pl.]统计数字；统计资料；统计学11．epidemiology n．流行病学12．microscope n．显微镜13．protein n．蛋白质14．cell n．细胞；小房间；单间牢房15．virus n．病毒16．framework n．框架；结构17．theoretical framework理论框架18．rainbow n．彩虹19．concrete n．混凝土 adj.混凝土制的；确实的；具体的20．plasma n．血浆21．vaccine n．疫苗22．aerospace n．航空航天工业23．patriotic adj.爱国的24．mechanical adj.机械的；发动机的；机器的25．mechanic n．机械师；机械修理工26．aviation n．航空制造业；航空；飞行27．jet n．喷气式飞机28．missile n．导弹29．astronomer n．天文学家30．astronomy n．天文学31．telescope n．望远镜32．Queen Victoria维多利亚女王(英国女王)33．Cambridge剑桥(英国城市)34．non-Newtonian fluid非牛顿流体35．Stephen Hawking史蒂芬·霍金(英国物理学家)Ⅱ.记重点单词1．severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的2．subscribe vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费 )3．suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象4．blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．责备；指责5．handle n．把手；拉手；柄 vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)；(用手)触碰6．link n．联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联7．decrease n．减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低8．transform vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变9．thinking n．思想；思维；见解10．finding n．发现；调查结果；(法律)判决11．initial adj.最初的；开始的；第一的12．solid adj.可靠的；固体的；坚实的 n．固体13．cast vt.(cast，cast)投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷14．shadow n．阴影；影子；背光处15．pour vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)16．leadership n．领导；领导地位；领导才能17．trace vt.追溯；追踪；查出 n．痕迹；遗迹；踪迹18．outstanding adj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的19．abstract adj.抽象的；理性的 n．(文献等的)摘要20．concept n．概念；观念21．besides prep.除……之外(还) adv.而且；此外22．brilliant adj.聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的23．furthermore adv.此外；再者24．fault n．弱点；过错25．shift n．改变；转换；轮班 vi.& vt.转移；挪动；转向Ⅲ.知拓展单词1．frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→frustrate vt.使懊恼；使沮丧→frustration n．沮丧；懊恼；挫败2．infection n．感染；传染→infect vt.使感染；传染→infectious adj.感染的；传染的3．proof n．证据；证明；检验→prove vt.证明 link v．证明是4．multiple adj.数量多的；多种多样的→multiply vi.& vt.乘；繁殖5．intervention n．介入；出面；干涉→intervene vi.干扰；介入6．pure adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的→purely adv.完全地；纯粹地→purify vt.净化；使……洁净7．substantial adj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的→substance n．物质；物品；事实基础；根据8．defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解→defense/defence n．防御；保卫；保护9．assistant n．助理；助手→assist vt.& vi.帮助；协助→assistance n．帮助；协助；援助10．gifted adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→gift n．礼物；天赋11．steady adj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的→steadily adv.稳定地；持续地12．vivid adj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的→vividly adv.生动地；逼真地；鲜明地Ⅳ.背核心短语1．once and for all最终地；彻底地2．subscribe to同意；赞同3．thanks to幸亏；由于4．break out(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发5．in charge of主管；掌管6．come down患(病)；染上(小病)7．above all最重要的是；尤其是8．die from死于9．in time及时；迟早10．be likely to do sth.很可能做某事1．idiom n．习语；成语2．ignore vt.忽视3．illegal adj.非法的；不合法的4．immediately adv.立即 5．immigration n．移民 6．import vt.& n．进口；输入 7．impression n．印象；感觉 8．incorrect adj.不正确的；错误的 1．Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world，until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome.(until引导的时间状语从句)在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。2．He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.(so...that...)他发现在两条特别的街道上，霍乱爆发是如此严重以至于十天内死了500多人。3．Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.(that引导的宾语从句)斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。4．It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.(It seemed that...似乎……)该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。5．Accordingly，he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.(have sth.done)因此，他让人把水泵的把手去掉，这样水泵就用不成了。6．Most people are familiar with images of him in his wheelchair，unable to move and using a computer to talk.(形容词短语作状语)大多数人都很熟悉他坐在轮椅上无法动弹，只能通过电脑来说话的样子。请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。Since the severe COVID-19 broke out，many people all over the world have been infected.Chinese outstanding，gifted and patriotic specialists in epidemiology and their assistants have been 1.in charge of tracing the source of the virus in order to defend more people from being killed.They desired to produce vaccine to 2.handle the deadly disease once and for all.Initially，with concrete proof collected，they suspected that wild bats were to 3.blame.But by observing the virus with microscopes，they gathered solid and multiple statistics and mastered the framework of the virus，which gradually transformed their initial thinking.All the findings made them subscribe to the idea that the virus was not directly 4.linked to the bats，which made the brilliant experts frustrated.This also cast a shadow on the experts，so they had to shift towards how to prevent the virus from spreading among people.Above all，the less we go out，the less likely we will 5.come down with the deadly disease.Furthermore，taking in more protein and eating more vegetables are good choices as well.Last but not least，what we should do is that we must wear masks outdoors.Thanks to these interventions，the threat of COVID-19 in China saw a substantial 6.decrease.What we have experienced has taught us to lead a healthy life such as drinking pure or boiled water and avoid raw foods.In conclusion，under our motherland’s leadership，we have achieved steady success，tears of happiness pouring down our cheeks. 提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇 blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．指责；责备•be to blame (for sth.)(对某事)负有责任，应受责备blame sb.for sth.因某事责备某人；把某事归咎于某人blame sth.on sb./sth.把某事归咎于某人/某事•take the blame承担过错 (1)Furthermore，the boss blamed the mistake on his assistant.(2)I’m not going to sit around and take the blame for a mistake he made.(3)当和其他人相处时，我们不应该总是把错误归咎于其他人。毕竟，很多时候我们也负有责任。因此，我们应该多交流、换位思考，而不是指责其他人。(话题写作之人际交往)When getting along with others，we shouldn’t always blame others for mistakes.After all，many times we are also to blame.So instead of blaming others，we should communicate more and put ourselves in others’ place. defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解 [defenc(s)e n．防御；保卫；保护]•defend...against/from (doing...)保护……免受……defend oneself自卫；为自己辩护•in defence (of)保护；为了保卫；(为……)辩护in one’s defence为某人辩护 (1)The law allows people to defend themselves from/against a charge.(2)The assistant stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands as if in defence.(3)看到这条凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子。(读后续写之肢体动作描写)①Seeing the fierce snake，he rushed to defend his son like an arrow.(defend)②Seeing the fierce snake，he rushed in defence of his son like an arrow.(defence) come down (with...)染上；得了(……病)；患(病)come across (偶然)遇见；碰见；被理解come about发生(无被动形式)come on加油；到来；得了吧come out出版；结果是；(花)开放come up走近；上来；被提出come up with提出；想出(主意、计划、回答等)when it comes to...当谈及…… 用come的相关短语填空(1) Above all，tell me how the accident came about immediately.(2)My assistant’s first novel came out，which made me proud of him.(3)She came down with this summer flu everyone’s getting and went home before I got in.(4)When it comes to English learning，I have the following practical suggestions to share.Firstly，when you come across unfamiliar words，don’t always refer to the dictionary.Furthermore，when teachers’ questions come up in class，you should try to come up with answers.Lastly，if you fail，you must say to yourself，“Come on！”(应用文写作之建议信) above all最重要的是；首先；尤其是after all毕竟；终究first of all首先；第一all in all整体说来；总而言之in all全部；合计at all(否定句)一点也不；(疑问句)到底；究竟 用all的相关短语填空(1)The university I recommend to you is Beijing Language and Culture University.First of all/Above all，you’d better learn some basic Chinese before you come.After all，you will be under completely unfamiliar circumstances.All in all，studying for a degree in a different culture is not easy at all.(应用文写作之推荐信)(2) Thanks to your timely and generous help，I managed to handle the four problems in all. Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world，until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome.在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。•画线部分是由until引导的时间状语从句，若主句的谓语动词是延续性的，那么这个主句需用肯定形式；若主句的谓语动词是非延续性的，则主句常用否定式，构成not...until...结构。•倒装结构：部分倒装“Not until＋时间状语从句或短语＋谓语助动词＋主语＋谓语动词”。•强调结构：It is/was not until＋时间状语从句或短语＋that＋主句部分。 (1)我将一直在农场工作直到我挣到足够的钱帮助爸爸买辆新拖拉机。(2021·6月浙江，读后续写)I would keep working on the farm until I earned enough money to help my father buy a new tractor.(2)直到我经历了这场事故，我才意识到坏运气有可能是正在等待开启的门。(读后续写之升华句)①I wasn’t aware that bad fortune might be the door waiting to be opened until I experienced the accident.(not...until)②Not until I experienced the accident was I aware that bad fortune might be the door waiting to be opened.(倒装句)③It was not until I experienced the accident that I was aware that bad fortune might be the door waiting to be opened.(强调句)  He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.他发现在两条特别的街道上，霍乱爆发是如此严重以至于十天内死了500多人。so/such...that...引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。•so...that...句型的常见形式：so＋adj./adv.＋that...so＋adj.＋a/an＋n.(单数)＋that...so＋many/much/few/little(少)＋n.(复数或不可数)＋that...•such...that...句型的常见形式：such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.(单数)＋that...such＋adj.＋n.(复数或不可数)＋that...•当so/such放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装语序。 (1)It is normal for such little boys to eat so little food，so don’t blame them.(2)他是如此紧张，以至于他感觉舌头打结，手心出汗。(读后续写之紧张心理描写)①He was so nervous that he felt his tongue tied and palms sweating.②So nervous was he that he felt his tongue tied and palms sweating.(用倒装句改写)(3)你取得了如此巨大的进步，所以我专门写信祝贺你。(应用文写作之祝贺信)You have made such great progress，so I am specially writing to congratulate you.　 Accordingly，he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.因此，他让人把水泵的把手去掉，这样水泵就用不成了。have sth.done使某事被做；请人做某事；主语遭遇到某事have sb.do sth.让某人做某事have sb./sth.doing sth.让某人一直做某事或让某事处于某种状态can’t have sb.doing sth.不能容忍某人做某事have sth.to do有某事要做 (1)我们开始帮忙摘桃子，然后让人把它们送到农民家里。(2020·全国Ⅱ，书面表达)We began to help pick peaches and then had them delivered to the farmers’ houses.(2)我们班主任不能容忍我们浪费时间。即使我们已完成作业，他也总是让我们阅读经典来开阔我们的视野。Our headteacher can’t have us wasting our time.Even if we have finished our homework，he always has us read classics to widen our horizons.(3)我非常抱歉让你等了这么长时间，因为刚才我有一件紧急的事情要处理。(应用文写作之道歉信)I am terribly sorry for having you waiting for me for so long，because I had an urgent thing to attend to just now.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍1．handle(1)Don’t handle the vase as if it were made of steel.  D  (2)Driving a car is not just handling controls and judging speed and distance.  B  (3)Tea in China was traditionally drunk from cups without handles.  C  (4)We must learn to handle conflicts calmly and wisely.  A  2．subscribe(1)He subscribes to the view that we can tackle the severe problem in this way once and for all.  B  (2)This is the school the outstanding and patriotic scientist subscribed to generously in the past.  C  (3)Using the money I earned in the holiday，I have subscribed to multiple magazines recently.  A  3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思(1)The research lacks solid proof，and therefore，its conclusions are doubtful.可靠的(2)It’s my turn to be on the night shift.轮班(3)He read through the papers and made an abstract of their contents.摘要Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识1．Table tennis is such an interesting game that people all over the world play it.2．I have to say in his defence because he，an honest man，won’t steal anything in the grocery store.3．In reality，the mechanic made a severe mistake，shifting(shift) nervously from one foot to another.(读后续写之紧张心理描写)4．It was the gifted(gift) girl that came up with such a good idea.5．I was overcome with sadness because I was suspected(suspect) of stealing his money.6．He constantly finds fault with me，but I won’t yield to him.7．The outstanding astronomer who devoted himself to his career came down with a severe illness.8．I entirely believe that you are not linked to/with what had happened just now.9．I convinced them to subscribe to my plan，but later they changed their minds.10．In a sense，we should blame the present terrible environment on human’s over consumption. Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练道歉信——丢失词典1．我非常抱歉，在回家的路上弄丢了你的词典。(have sth.done)I’m sorry to have your dictionary lost on my way home.2．我是如此羞愧，以至于我晚上都睡不好。(so...that的倒装句)So ashamed was I that I couldn’t sleep well at night.3．直到我把词典找回来，我才会感觉舒服。(not...until的强调句型)It was not until I got the dictionary back that I would feel comfortable.4．但是，似乎我永远也找不到词典了，我既沮丧又失望。(it seemed that...)But it seemed that I couldn’t find the dictionary forever，frustrated and disappointed.5．总而言之，我认为必须给你买一本全新的词典以表达我的歉意。(that引导的宾语从句)All in all，I think that I must buy you a brand-new dictionary to express my apology.Ⅱ.微型写作——续写提能练教材续写语料1．情感描写frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的2．动作描写suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责decrease vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低cast vt.投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷pour vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)trace vt.追溯；追踪；查出defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解assistant n．助理；助手→assist vt.帮助；协助break out(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发续写语料运用请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，并用适当的过渡词完成以下语段。我被怀疑偷了这位女士的金戒指，这使我的脸上蒙上了一层阴影。我是如此懊恼以至于泪水像洪水一样顺着脸颊流下来。后来，我想我为什么要代人受过呢？因此我尽最大努力追踪真正的小偷以捍卫我的清白。在朋友们的帮助下，我深信我会证明我是被冤枉的。I was suspected of stealing the woman’s gold ring，which cast a cloud of gloom over my face.So frustrated was I that tears poured down my cheeks like a flood.Then I thought why I should take the blame for somebody else.So I tried my best to trace the real thief to defend my innocence.With my friends assisting me，I am greatly convinced that I will prove that I was wronged.