(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义第1部分 教材知识解读 选择性必修第三册 Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle (含答案)

这是一份(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义第1部分 教材知识解读 选择性必修第三册 Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle (含答案)，共9页。
Ⅰ.认阅读单词1．tobacco n．烟草；烟叶2．cue n．提示；暗示；信号 vt.给(某人)暗示(或提示)3．facilitate vt.促进；促使；使便利4．escalator n．自动扶梯；滚梯5．liberation n．解放；摆脱6．beard n．胡须；络腮胡子7．flu n．流感8．nut n．坚果9．skateboard n．滑板 vi.滑滑板10．bowling n．保龄球运动Ⅱ.记重点单词1．abuse n．滥用；虐待；辱骂 vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂2．dominate vt.& vi.支配；控制；占有优势3．negative adj.消极的；有害的；否定的4．discipline n．自制力；纪律；学科 vt.自我控制；管教；处罚5．pill n．药片；药丸6．delete v．删去；删除7．shave vi.，vt.& n．剃(须发)；刮脸8．cigarette n．香烟；卷烟9．drug n．毒品；药物10．skip vt.跳过；不参加；悄悄溜走 vi.蹦蹦跳跳地走；跳绳 n．蹦跳11．dizzy adj.头晕目眩的12．stimulate vt.激发；促进；刺激13．dentist n．牙科医生14．dynamic adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的15．comedy n．喜剧；喜剧片；滑稽节目16．monthly adv.& adj.每月；每月一次的 n．月刊17．enhance vt.提高；增强；增进Ⅲ.知拓展单词1．alcohol n．酒；酒精→alcoholic adj.(含)酒精的 n．酗酒者2．physical adj.身体的；客观存在的；物理学的→physically adv.身体上；肉体上3．repeatedly adv.重复地→repeat vt.重复→repeated adj.重复的→repetition n．重复4．psychology n．心理学；心理；心理影响→psychological adj.心理(学)的→psychologist n．心理学家5．reward n．回报；奖励；报酬 vt.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬→rewarding adj.有益的；有意义的；报酬高的6．rely vi.依赖；依靠；信赖→reliable adj.可信赖的；可靠的7．examine vt.(仔细)检查；审查；测验→examination n．考试(＝exam)；检查；审查8．pessimistic adj.悲观的；悲观主义的→pessimism n．悲观主义9．compose vt.& vi.组成；作曲；撰写→composition n．组成；作曲；作文→composer n．作曲家10．surgeon n．外科医生→surgery n．外科手术；外科学11．disturb vt.打扰；搅乱；使烦恼→disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的12．specialist n．专科医生；专家→special adj.特别的；专门的→specially adv.特别地；专门→specialize vt.专门研究；专门从事13．consultant n．顾问；高级顾问医师→consult vt.& vi.请教；咨询 vt.查阅；参考14．sugary adj.含糖的；甜的→sugar n．糖15．refresh vt.使恢复精力；使凉爽；刷新→refreshing adj.令人振奋的→refreshment n．焕发精神；恢复活力16．absorb vt.吸引全部注意力；吸收→absorbed adj.专心致志的；全神贯注的Ⅳ.背核心短语1．in response to回答；答复2．rely on/upon依赖；依靠；信赖3．straight away立即；马上4．decide on/upon决定；选定5．make up one’s mind下定决心6．be composed of由……组成(或构成)的7．shave off剃掉；刮去8．stressed out焦虑不安；疲惫不堪9．worn out筋疲力尽的；疲惫的10．after all毕竟；终究1．location n．位置；地方2．logical adj.逻辑上的；符合逻辑的3．loose adj.松散的；宽松的4．loudspeaker n．扬声器，喇叭 5．luggage n．(总称)行李 6．magic adj.有魔力的 7．maintain vt.维持；保持8．majority n．大多数1．To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenager’s life is essential.(不定式作主语)防止这些有害习惯支配青少年的生活是至关重要的。2．For young people，there is plenty of time to change bad habits.(There be＋n.＋to do)对于年轻人来说，有足够的时间来改变不良习惯。3．You have the power to build a happy and healthy life full of good habits！(形容词短语作后置定语)你有能力建立一种充满良好习惯的幸福、健康的生活！4．Whenever I went out with friends，I brought snacks from home，things that didn’t have any added sugar: fruit，nuts，dried meat，etc.(whenever引导的让步状语从句)每当我和朋友出去时，我都会从家里带些零食，这些零食没有添加任何糖分：水果、坚果、肉干等。5．Best of all，in my opinion，is how I feel about myself.(how引导的表语从句)在我看来，最棒的是我对自己的感觉。6．I get refreshed through climbing，spend more time with my dad，and get to meet new friends.(get＋过去分词)通过攀岩，我重新焕发了活力，花更多的时间和爸爸在一起，并开始结识新朋友。请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。When I saw some students dominated by alcohol，tobacco or drug，I made up my mind to help them “delete” the bad habits.To facilitate a positive change was why I set up a team which was 1.composed of surgeons，specialists in psychology，consultants and dentists，who would regularly deliver speeches to 2.enhance these students’ awareness of physical health.Students were repeatedly informed of some tips on how to get out of a pessimistic or negative state，how to stay dynamic and how to get 3.refreshed when they were stressed out or worn out.To these students，to be examined on a monthly basis was necessary.They were also advised to participate in bowling matches，go to skateboarding or go to see a comedy to stimulate their enthusiasm in life.Students were given sugary cookies or nuts straight away if they felt 4.dizzy or got the flu.Through these activities，most students 5.decided on changing their bad habits in reward for our help.They would rely on self-discipline to govern themselves and could be 6.absorbed in studying instead of skipping classes.They promised to behave themselves in response to our patient guidance.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇 reward n．回报；奖励；报酬 vt.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬(rewarding adj.有益的；有意义的)•give/offer a reward to sb.for(doing)sth.为(做)某事而给某人报酬in reward (for)作为(对……的)回报、奖赏•reward sb.with sth.for (doing) sth.为(做)某事用某物奖赏/酬谢某人 (1)I benefited a lot from the rewarding(reward)speech delivered by a specialist in psychology.(2)I will reward you with an electric bike for helping me get rid of tobacco abuse.(3)我非常高兴向你介绍这个既有意义又重要的成人礼(coming-of-age ceremony)。成人礼过后，我们学生意识到我们必须更加努力学习，以回报老师和父母的耐心教导。(2020·天津，书面表达)I am more than delighted to introduce the rewarding and important coming-of-age ceremony to you.After that，we students have realized that we must study harder in reward for our teachers’ and parents’ patient guidance. compose vt.& vi.组成；作曲；撰写(composer n．作曲家 composition n．组成；构成；创作；作品)be composed of/be made up of/be comprised of/consist of由……组成 (1)This man deserves his fame as one of the most popular composers(composer)in Western musical history.(2)我强烈建议我们的英语电影欣赏课程由欣赏电影、讨论精彩台词和给电影配音组成。(应用文写作之建议信)①I strongly suggest that our English film appreciation course (should) be composed of enjoying the film，talking about wonderful movie lines and dubbing.(compose)②I strongly suggest that our English film appreciation course (should) be made up of enjoying the film，talking about wonderful movie lines and dubbing.(make up) absorb vt.吸引全部注意力；使专心/全神贯注；吸收(absorbed adj.专心致志的；全神贯注的)absorb oneself in＝be absorbed in全神贯注于……absorb...from...从……中吸收…… (1)As we all know，plants can absorb nutrients from the soil around them.(2)我的班主任全神贯注于他的教学，因此他经常忘了吃饭睡觉。①My headteacher absorbs himself in/is absorbed in his teaching，so he frequently forgets about eating or sleeping.②Absorbed in his teaching，my headteacher frequently forgets about eating or sleeping.(用形容词短语作状语改写)③Absorbing himself in teaching，my headteacher frequently forgets about eating or sleeping.(用现在分词短语作状语改写) rely on/upon依赖；依靠；信赖(reliable adj.可信赖的；可依赖的；可靠的)rely/depend/count on/upon sb./sth.指望/依靠某人/某事rely on/upon sb.to do sth.指望/相信某人会做某事rely on/upon it that...相信……；指望…… (1)You can rely on the responsible consultant to help(help) you out，because he is a reliable(rely) person.(2)我最尊敬我叔叔，因为每当我处于困境中时，我都可以指望他给我一些实用的建议。(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，应用文写作)①I respect my uncle most because I can rely on/upon him to offer me some practical suggestions whenever I am in trouble.(rely on/upon sb.to do)②I respect my uncle most because I can rely on/upon it that he can offer me some practical suggestions whenever I am in trouble.(rely on/upon it that...) make up one’s mind下定决心change one’s mind改变主意bear/keep...in mind(bear/keep in mind that...)将……记在心中come into one’s mind进入某人的脑海mind one’s own business别管闲事fix one’s mind on/upon...全神贯注于 (1)首先，记住你最好按时或者比约定的时间早一些。First of all，bear/keep in mind that you had better arrive punctually or some time earlier than the appointed time.(2)一旦他下定决心，什么都不能改变他的主意。他将全神贯注于他正在做的事情直到实现目标。Once he has made up his mind，nothing can change his mind.He will fix his mind on/upon what he is doing until he achieves his goal.(3)突然，一个可怕的念头出现在我的脑海里。Suddenly，a terrible thought came into my mind. stressed out疲惫不堪；焦虑不安(stressed adj.焦虑不安的 stress n．压力 vt.强调 stressful adj.压力重的；紧张的)under stress在压力之下lay/place/put stress on/upon...强调…… (1)When we are depressed or stressed out，home is always a shelter for us to have a rest.(2)每次我有压力时，我都会毫不犹豫地向我的父母求助。Every time I am under stress，I will turn to my parents for help without hesitation.(3)正如多次强调的那样，学好英语对你们将来的职业发展非常重要。①It has been stressed several times that learning English well is of great importance to your career development in the future.(it作形式主语)②As has been stressed several times，learning English well is of great importance to your career development in the future.(as引导非限制性定语从句)　I get refreshed through climbing，spend more time with my dad，and get to meet new friends.通过攀岩，我重新焕发了活力，花更多的时间和爸爸在一起，并开始结识新朋友。•本句中的get refreshed是get done结构，表示被动或变化。•常见的get done结构：get broken破了　　　get punished受到惩罚get hurt受到伤害  get admitted被录取get married结婚  get annoyed生气get excited激动  get separated被分开 (1)简一意识到自己在树林里迷了路，就吓得哭了起来。(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)The moment Jane realized that she got lost in the forest，she was panicked into crying.(2)他生气了，双手颤抖。(读后续写之愤怒心理描写)He got annoyed，his hands trembling.(3)得知你被北京大学录取，我写信祝贺你。(应用文写作之祝贺信)①Learning that you got admitted to Peking University，I am writing to congratulate you.(现在分词短语作状语)②I am writing to congratulate you on your/you getting admitted to Peking University.(动名词的复合结构)用法点拨　和“be＋过去分词”一样，“get＋过去分词”也能用于被动结构和系表结构。用于被动结构时，它强调动作的发生；用于系表结构时，它强调状态的变化。提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍1．abuse(1)He abused alcohol and tobacco，so he was physically unhealthy.  B  (2)Mary has a difficult life and is often abused by her stepmother.  A  (3)To our shock，the person of high rank suffered a lot from drug abuse.  C  2．skipA.vt.不参加；不做　B.vi.蹦蹦跳跳地走    C.vi.& vt.略过 (1)I skipped over the last part of the book.  C  (2)She watched her little granddaughter skip down the path.  B  (3)She made up her mind to skip the afternoon’s class.  A  3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思(1)It is a physical impossibility to be in two places at once.符合自然法则的(2)The crisis had a negative effect on trade.不良的；有害的Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识1．I guarantee you that if you take exercise on a regular basis，you can keep physically(physical)healthy.2．Whenever some troublesome problems emerged，I would rely on/upon him to give me a hand.3．I would like to invite you to the exhibition in reward for your timely and generous help during my stay in Beijing.4．I made up my mind to decline(decline) to accept the precious vase that he purchased for me.5．The sales representative was fond of the book and decided on/upon buying it straight away.6．The musical festival was worthy of being seen and it was composed of many appealing programs.7．With so many people of high rank criticizing my newly published book，I felt stressed(stress) out.8．Hungry and worn(wear)out，the sculptor lay down on the ground，wondering what to do next.9．Absorbed(absorb) in creating realistic paintings，he has gained a high reputation at home and abroad.10．The depressed representative got refreshed(refresh) after he ran around the school playground for half an hour.Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练话题写作之梦想1．给你们做有关梦想的演讲是我极大的荣幸。(不定式作主语)To give you a lecture about dreams is my great honor.2．我渴望成为一名医生，以便很多病人能被治愈。(get done)I desire to become a doctor so that many patients can get cured.3．我完全知道的是我如何能实现我的梦想。(how引导的表语从句)What I completely know is how I can realize my dream.4．首先，每天有许多知识要掌握，因此我不会浪费任何时间。(There be＋n.＋to do)First of all，there is much knowledge to master every day，so I won’t waste any time.5．其次，无论何时我遇到生病的人，我都会主动帮助他们。(whenever引导的让步状语从句)Secondly，whenever I come across anyone who is ill，I will offer to help them.Ⅱ.微型写作——续写提能练教材续写语料1．情感描写dizzy adj.头晕目眩的pessimistic adj.悲观的；悲观主义的stressed out焦虑不安；疲惫不堪worn out筋疲力尽的；疲惫的2．动作描写dominate vt.& vi.支配；控制；占有优势skip vt.跳过；不参加；悄悄溜走 vi.蹦蹦跳跳地走；跳绳stimulate vt.激发；促进；刺激enhance vt.提高；增强；增进reward vt.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬disturb vt.打扰；搅乱；使烦恼→disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的refresh vt.使恢复精力；使凉爽；刷新absorb vt.吸引全部注意力；吸收→absorbed adj.专心致志的；全神贯注的rely on依赖；依靠；信赖续写语料运用请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，并用适当的过渡词完成以下语段。高考前，我是如此悲观和焦虑不安，以致我经常感到头晕。既疲惫又沮丧，我不能全神贯注于学习。什么也不能振奋我的精神。无穷无尽的痛苦和不安控制了我的生活，我的心像被针扎一样。意识到我糟糕的状况，我的老师们竭尽全力激发我的学习热情，增强我的自信心。最终，我获得了巨大进步的回报。Before the College Entrance Examination，so pessimistic and stressed out was I that I often felt dizzy.Worn out and frustrated，I couldn’t be absorbed in my study.Nothing could refresh my spirits.Limitless pain and uneasiness dominated my life and my heart felt as if it had been stabbed by a needle.Sensing my terrible state，my teachers did whatever they could to stimulate my learning enthusiasm and enhance my self-confidence.Finally I was rewarded with great progress.