(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义第1部分 教材知识解读 选择性必修第三册 Unit 3 Environmental Protection (含答案)

这是一份(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义第1部分 教材知识解读 选择性必修第三册 Unit 3 Environmental Protection (含答案)，共9页。
Ⅰ.认阅读单词1．graph n．图；图表；曲线图2．emission n．排放物；散发物；排放3．seal n．海豹4．methane n．甲烷；沼气5．dioxide n．二氧化物6．carbon dioxide 二氧化碳7．habitable adj.适合居住的8．fossil n．化石9．fossil fuel化石燃料(如煤或石油)10．worldwide adv.遍及全球地 adj.世界各地的；影响全世界的11．footprint n．足迹；(某物所占的)空间量；面积12．basin n．流域；盆地；盆13．penguin n．企鹅14．implement vt.使生效；贯彻；执行15．moderate adj.适度的；中等的；温和的 vi.& vt.缓和；使适中16．tropical adj.热带的；来自热带的17．nuclear adj.原子能的；核能的；原子核的18．jungle n．(热带)丛林；密林19．smog n．烟雾(烟与雾混合的空气污染物)20．originate vi.& vt.起源；发源；创立21．volume n．量；体积；(成套书籍中的)一卷22．enterprise n．公司；企业；事业23．regulation n．章程；规章制度24．disposal n．去掉；清除；处理25．waterway n．水道；航道26．agenda n．议程表；议事日程Ⅱ.记重点单词1．melt vi.& vt.(使)融化；熔化；软化2．ecology n．生态；生态学3．release vt.& n．排放；释放；发布4．carbon n．碳5．fuel n．燃料；刺激性言行 v．加强；刺激6．comprehensive adj.全部的；所有的；详尽的7．trend n．趋势；趋向；动向8．broadcast vt.& vi.(broadcast，broadcast)播送；广播；传播 n．广播节目；电视节目9．policy n．政策；方针；原则10．seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制11．reform vt.& vi.改革；(使)改正；改造 n．改革；变革；改良12．undergo vt.(underwent，undergone)经历；经受(变化、不快等)13．annual adj.每年的；一年的 n．年刊；年鉴14．chaos n．混乱；杂乱；紊乱15．garbage n．垃圾；废物16．restore vt.恢复；使复原；修复17．dozen n．(一)打；十二个18．fine vt.对……处以罚款19．campaign n．运动；战役 vi.& vt.参加运动；领导运动Ⅲ.知拓展单词1．starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿；饿死→starvation n．饥饿；饿死2．sustain vt.维持；遭受；承受住→sustainable adj.可持续的；合理利用的3．frequently adv.频繁地；经常→frequent adj.频繁的→frequency n．频繁；发生率4．restrict vt.限制；限定；束缚→restriction n．限制规定；限制法规；约束→restrictive adj.限制性的；约束性的5．harmonious adj.和谐的→harmony n．和谐→harmoniously adv.和谐地6．submit vt.& vi.提交；呈递；屈服→submission n．提交(物)；呈递(书)；屈服7．sensitive adj.敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的→sensible adj.明智的；合理的→sense n．意思；感官 vt.感觉到；察觉到8．conservation n．对(环境、文物等)保护；保持→conservative adj.保守的；守旧的→conserve v．保护；保存；节省；节约9．inspection n．检查；查看；视察→inspect vt.检查；视察；检阅→inspector n．检察员；督察员10．tolerate vt.忍受；包容；容许→tolerant adj.宽容的；容忍的→tolerance n．容忍Ⅳ.背核心短语1．on behalf of 代表(代替)某人2．dozens of 许多；很多3．have an impact on对……有影响4．lead to导致5．cause damage to对……造成损害6．take measures采取措施7．deal with处理8．a number of许多9．carry out履行；执行10．in effect在实施中；实际上1．maximum adj.& n．最大量(的)；最大限度(的)2．meanwhile adv.同时，与此同时3．media n．新闻媒介；新闻媒体4．mental adj.精神的；智力的mentally adv.精神上；智力上 5．mention n．提及 vt.提到；说起6．merchant n．商人；生意人 7．merciful adj.仁慈的；宽大的 8．merely adv.仅仅；只不过1．There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer.(There is little doubt that...几乎没有疑问……)几乎没有疑问，地球正变得越来越温暖。2．Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before，so it had to travel greater distances in order to find food.(过去分词短语作后置定语)专家声称，气候变化导致的海冰面下降意味着北极熊无法像以前那样捕猎海豹，因此它不得不走很远的距离去寻找食物。3．The “natural” greenhouse effect refers to the fact that heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earth’s surface as short-wave radiation.(that引导的同位语从句)“天然”温室效应是指太阳的热量以短波辐射的形式进入大气层，使地球表面变暖。4．Without this process，Earth could not sustain life.(含蓄虚拟条件句)如果没有这个过程，地球就无法维持生命。5．When people produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases by burning fossil fuels，more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earth’s surface temperature to rise quickly.(when引导的时间状语从句)当人类燃烧化石燃料产生大量额外的温室气体时，更多的热量被困在大气层中，从而引起地球表面温度迅速上升。请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。With moderate greenhouse gases，such as methane and carbon dioxide 1.released into the atmosphere，Earth can sustain life.But comprehensive evidence shows that more heat energy than necessary exists because of burning an increasing volume of fossil fuels.Hence，the warming trend has affected Earth’s ecology and harmonious development.News reports are frequently 2.broadcast about polar bears，seals and penguins that are 3.starved to death because of the melting ice.Tropical jungles are destroyed，making them less habitable for animals.What human beings can’t 4.tolerate is that garbage is thrown everywhere，such as waterways and basins.Faced with the severe situations，worldwide governments have reformed policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and restore the sensitive ecology.Dozens of enterprises have 5.submitted and implemented their conservation regulations，saying，“We will immediately carry out the disposal of the waste we produce.” Individuals can also seize every chance to reduce the carbon footprint in the daily life.Although Earth has 6.undergone some ecological chaos，people from all over the world confidently say that those measures can create a sustainable world.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇 starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿；饿死(starvation n．饥饿；饿死)•starve to death饿死•be starving for sth./to do sth.渴望某事/做某事 (1)What shocked the scientists was that many seals died from starvation(starve) because they couldn’t find enough food to eat.(2)我渴望学好英语，因为掌握英语意味着我们可以通过一个新窗口看世界。(话题写作之语言学习)I am starving to study English well，because mastering English means we can see the world through a new window. seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制seize sb.by the arm抓住某人的胳膊seize a chance/an opportunity抓住机会 (1)警察看到一个小偷，冲向前，抓住了他的胳膊。(读后续写之动作链描写)The policeman spotted a thief，charged forward and seized him by the arm.(2)鉴于你口语不好，我强烈建议你抓住每个机会说英语。(应用文写作之建议信)Given that you don’t get along well with oral English，I strongly suggest that you (should) seize every chance to speak English.(3)我一看到父亲阴云密布的脸，就感到恐惧。(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)The moment I saw my father’s cloudy face，panic seized me. submit vt.& vi.提交；呈递；屈服[submission n．提交(物)；呈递(书)；屈服]submit sth.to sb.将某物提交给某人submit (oneself) to屈从于…… (1)We normally respond to article submissions(submit) within six weeks.(2)尽管日常生活中有许多挑战和困境，我拒绝屈从于它们。In spite of challenges and hardships in my daily life，I decline to submit to them.(3)对这次夏令营感兴趣的人必须在5月15日前提交申请书和相关资料。Those who are interested in the summer camp must submit the applications and relevant materials by May 15. tolerate vt.忍受；包容；容许(tolerance n．宽恕；忍耐；容忍 tolerant adj.忍耐的；宽容的)•tolerate (sb./sb.’s) doing sth.忍受(某人)做某事•be tolerant of/towards sb./sth.容忍/宽容某人/某事 (1)To be honest，my tolerance is not limitless，so I will not be always tolerant of your rude behavior.(tolerate)(2)那些懂得如何包容他人的人自然会过得幸福。Those who know how to tolerate others can naturally lead a happy life. on behalf of sb./on sb.’s behalf代表/代替某人represent vt.代表 我代表我们学校热情、真诚地欢迎你们来到中国。(1)On behalf of our school/On our school’s behalf，I welcome you to China warmly and sincerely.(behalf)(2)Representing our school，I welcome you to China warmly and sincerely.(represent) 　 There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer.几乎没有疑问，地球正在变得越来越温暖。•本句中的doubt后接同位语从句，说明doubt的具体内容。•doubt的常见句型：There is some doubt whether...……有些疑问。There is no doubt that...……是毫无疑问的。I doubt whether/if.../I have some doubt whether...我怀疑……I don’t doubt that.../I have no doubt that...我毫不怀疑…… (1)我是否能够激励他努力学习实现他的目标还有些疑问。There is some doubt whether I can inspire him to study hard to achieve his goal.(There is some doubt...)(2)毫无疑问，学习一门外语对孩子终生有益。There is no doubt that learning a foreign language will be beneficial to children throughout their lives.(3)几乎毫无疑问，人类对地球的气候造成了影响。There is little doubt that man has had an impact on the Earth’s climate.(4)我怀疑他是否胜任这个职位。①I doubt whether/if he is qualified for the position.(doubt v．)②I have some doubt whether he is qualified for the position.(doubt n．)　 Without this process，Earth could not sustain life.如果没有这个过程，地球就无法维持生命。•本句中的without this process是介词短语，相当于条件状语从句，引起虚拟语气。•without的这种用法既可表示与现在事实相反的假设(主句中用would/could/might/should do)，也可表示与过去事实相反的假设(主句中用would/could/might/should have done)。•有类似用法的还有：with，otherwise/or(否则)，but for(要不是)，if only(要是……就好了)等。 (1)With the moderate measures，we would build(build) a harmonious society in the future.(2)没有英语老师的鼓励和帮助，我早就放弃学英语了。Without my English teacher’s encouragement and assistance，I would have given up studying English.(3)简想：“要是我没和丈夫吵架就好了。”悔恨的泪水涌上了她的眼睛。(读后续写之后悔描写)“If only I hadn’t quarreled with my husband，” Jane thought.Tears of regret welled up in her eyes.(4)父亲耐心地指导了这对双胞胎。否则，他们就不会做出如此美味的早餐了。(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)The father patiently guided the twins.Otherwise/Or they wouldn’t have cooked such a delicious breakfast.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍1．releaseA.vt.排放　B.n.发布　C.vt.释放，放走    D.vt.上映 (1)The new film will be released on July 16 in the downtown cinema.  D  (2)The kind girl decided to release the bird from the cage.  C  (3)The new software is planned for release in April.  B  (4)The factory keeps releasing smoke，making the air dirty.  A  2．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思(1)His words fueled her anger still more.刺激；加剧(2)She refused to submit to any threats.屈服Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识1．Whenever the consultant in psychology was worn out，he was starving for a cup of coffee to refresh himself.2．So pessimistic was my classmate that he had no idea how to release(release) his tremendous pressure.3．Finally，I made up my mind to seize(seize) the opportunity to enhance my overall competence.4．Based on what he observed，the specialist decided on submitting(submit) his medical report to the president of the hospital.5．On behalf of our school，I appeal to each student to take more physical exercise.6．The dentist was sensitive to criticism，so she couldn’t tolerate being criticized by others.7．The surgeon can’t tolerate being disturbed(disturb) by others when he is absorbed in reading.8．My son never submits himself to hardships，so I reward him with dozens of adventure books.9．Thanks to the school consultant’s advice，we students can live harmoniously(harmonious) with each other.10．The news broadcast(broadcast) on TV yesterday absorbed all the citizens’ attention.Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练邀请信——参加音乐节1．我一得知我们学校将举行音乐节的好消息，就写信邀请你参加。(that引导的同位语从句)The moment I learn the good news that our school will hold a music festival，I am writing to invite you to attend it.2．一些擅长才艺的师生将表演精彩的节目。(过去分词短语作后置定语)Some teachers and students skilled in talents will give wonderful performances.3．当所有的参与者于下周六上午8点到达操场的时候，音乐节就开始。(when引导的时间状语从句)When all the participants arrive at the playground at 8 a．m.next Saturday，the music festival will begin.4．几乎没有疑问，这次音乐节将促进我们获得全面发展。(There is little doubt that...)There is little doubt that the music festival will stimulate us to gain all-round development.5．没有你的出席，我将感到非常失望。因此，请接受我诚挚的邀请。(without引导的虚拟条件句)Without your presence，I would feel greatly disappointed，so please accept my sincere invitation.Ⅱ.微型写作——续写提能练教材续写语料1．情感描写sensitive adj.敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的tolerate vt.忍受；包容；容许2．动作描写melt vi.& vt.(使)融化；熔化；软化release vt.& n．排放；释放；发布fuel n．燃料；刺激性言行 v．加强；刺激seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制undergo vt.经历；经受(变化、不快等)restore vt.恢复；使复原；修复starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿；饿死sustain vt.维持；遭受；承受住submit vt.& vi.提交；呈递；屈服续写语料运用请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，并用适当的过渡词完成以下语段。作为一个敏感的女孩，海伦不能忍受在陌生环境中的孤独。沉重的学习压力进一步加剧了她的困境。由于不知道如何释放自己的情绪，她正经历着一段痛苦的时光，她被极度的悲伤攫住了。她渴望摆脱这种令人窒息的境况。幸运的是，班长的关爱和支持帮她度过了那段困难时期。逐渐地，海伦恢复了信心，下定决心不向任何困难屈服。海伦的脸上露出了快乐的笑容。Being a sensitive girl，Helen couldn’t tolerate being lonely in the unfamiliar surroundings.Heavy study pressures further fueled her dilemma.Not knowing how to release her emotions，she was undergoing a painful time and she was seized by extreme sorrow.She was starving to get rid of the choking situation.Luckily，the monitor’s care and support sustained her through the difficult period.Gradually，Helen restored her confidence，determined not to submit herself to any difficulties.A happy smile brightened her face.