(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义第1部分 教材知识解读 必修第三册 Unit 4 Space Exploration (含答案)

这是一份(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义第1部分 教材知识解读 必修第三册 Unit 4 Space Exploration (含答案)，共11页。
 Ⅰ.认阅读单词1．procedure n．程序；步骤；手续2．cm abbr.(centimetre or centimeter)厘米3．rocket n．火箭；火箭弹4．gravity n．重力；引力5．frontier n．边境；国界；边远地区6．vehicle n．交通工具；车辆7．satellite n．人造卫星；卫星8．orbit n．(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围 vt.& vi.沿轨道运行；环绕……运行9．giant adj.巨大的；伟大的 n．巨人；巨兽；伟人10．agency n．(政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处11．transmit vt.& vi.传输；发送12．data n．[pl.]资料；数据13．ongoing adj.持续存在的；仍在进行的；不断发展的14．spacecraft n．航天器；宇宙飞船15．spacewalk n．太空行走；太空行走的时间16．jade n．玉；翡翠；玉器17．dock vi.& vt.(两架航天器)对接；(使)……进港 n．码头；船坞18．solar adj.太阳的；太阳能的19．solar system太阳系20．sufficient adj.足够的；充足的21．microwave n．(also microwave oven)微波炉22．tissue n．纸巾；(人、动植物细胞的)组织23．facility n．设施；设备24．fatal adj.致命的；灾难性的25．high-end adj.高端的26．foam n．泡沫橡胶；泡沫27．pillow n．枕头28．the USSR abbr.the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics苏联29．NASA abbr.National Aeronautics and Space Administration(美国)国家航空与航天局30．the International Space Station国际空间站31．Mars n．火星32．Jupiter n．木星Ⅱ.记重点单词1．astronaut n．宇航员；太空人2．launch vt.& n．发射；发起；上市3．leap n．跳跃；剧增；剧变(leapt，leapt or leaped，leaped) vi.& vt.跳过；跃过4．mankind n．人类5．signal vt.& vi.标志着；标明；发信号 n．信号；标志6．recycle vt.回收利用；再利用7．muscle n．肌肉；实力；影响力8．float vi.浮动；漂流；漂浮 vt.使浮动；使漂流9．otherwise adv.否则；要不然10．beyond prep.在更远处；超出11．current adj.当前的；现在的 n．水流；电流；思潮12．soap n．肥皂13．towel n．毛巾；抹布14．keen adj.热衷的；渴望的15．shallow adj.肤浅的；浅的16．pattern n．模式；图案；模范17．monitor n．监视器；监测仪 vt.监视；监测；监控18．smartphone n．智能手机19．resource n．资源；财力；物力20．oxygen n．氧；氧气Ⅲ.知拓展单词1．mental adj.精神的；思想的→mentally adv.精神上地2．universe n．宇宙；天地万物→universal adj.宇宙的；通用的3．intelligent adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→intelligence n．智慧4．determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的→determine vt.查明；确定；决定→determination n．决心；果断5．disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的→disappoint vt.使失望→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointment n．失望；沮丧6．desire n．渴望；欲望 vt.渴望；期望→desired adj.渴望的，想要的7．independent adj.独立的；自立的→independently adv.独立地；自立地→independence n．独立；自立→depend vi.依靠8．lack vt.缺乏；没有 n．缺乏；短缺→lacking adj.缺乏的；不足的9．globe n．地球；世界；地球仪→global adj.全球的；全面的10．argue vt.& vi.论证；争辩；争论→argument n．争论；争吵；论点11．analysis n．(对事物的)分析；分析结果→analyze (＝analyse) v．分析12．regular adj.定期的；经常的；正常的→regularly adv.有规律地；经常；定期地→irregular adj.无规律的；不定期的13．limited adj.有限的→limitless adj.无限的→limit vt.& n．限制14．closing adj.结尾的；结束的 n．停业；关闭；倒闭→close vt.关闭 adj.近的；亲密的→closely adv.仔细地；严密地15．mystery n．神秘事物；谜→mysterious adj.神秘的16．attach vt.系；绑；贴→attached adj.附着的；依恋的→attachment n．附件；附属品；依恋Ⅳ.背核心短语1．carry on继续做，坚持干2．on board在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上3．in the hope of doing sth.抱着……的希望4．so as to (do sth.)为了；以便5．figure out弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白6．result in导致；造成7．as a result所以；结果(是)8．provide for sb.提供生活所需9．in closing最后10．run out用完；耗尽1．credit n．信用；赞扬；学分2．criminal n．罪犯；犯人3．currency n．货币；通货4．customs n．海关；关税5．database n．资料库，数据库 6．deadline n．最后期限，截止日期1．These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed，but the desire to explore the universe never died.(make＋宾语＋宾补)这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但是探索宇宙的欲望从未消失过。2．Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise.(otherwise引导的含蓄虚拟条件句)宇航员在太空工作时，不得不用胶带把所有的东西固定下来，否则所有的东西都会飘走。3．Firstly，exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.(动名词作主语)首先，探索太空已经在与世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了作用。4．As a result，space-based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough food to feed Earth’s increasing population.(doing作前置定语)因此，太空技术帮助农业努力种植足够的食物来养活地球上不断增长的人口。5．Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal to achieve.(主语＋be＋adj.＋to do)把人送到其他星球甚至太阳系以外不是一个容易达到的目标。请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。Mankind has managed to create facilities and vehicles to carry astronauts into the universe.They 1.launch rockets carrying satellites.Many intelligent people around the globe are 2.determined to devote themselves to space exploration，even though fatal space disasters which killed astronauts on board make them 3.disappointed.Besides，when living in space，the astronauts have to recycle dirty water so as to use it later.For 4.lack of gravity，their muscles become weak.They have to tape everything up,5.otherwise they would float around.They also need to figure out a way to store 6.sufficient food and oxygen，but people’s desire to explore space never dies.China is the third country to send humans into space 7.independently.This signals a giant leap forward for China.Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money on space exploration，which is a shallow view.Our planet’s resources are limited，and as a result，we should find a new home to provide for the ever increasing population.In closing，we attach great importance to solving the mystery about space and will carry on with space exploration regularly.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇 disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的 (disappoint vt.使失望/沮丧disappointing adj.令人失望的 disappointment n．失望，沮丧)•be disappointed at/with/by...对……失望be disappointed to do sth.对做某事失望be disappointed that...对……失望•to one’s disappointment令某人失望的是 (1)Judging from his disappointed look，his boss was disappointed with his disappointing performance.So to his disappointment，he didn’t get promoted.(disappoint)(2)他对未能获奖感到极度失望，把自己锁在房间里。(读后续写之心理描写)Overcome with bitter disappointment at his failing to win a prize，he locked himself in the room.(3)To their disappointment，they failed to cook a Mother’s Day breakfast at the first attempt.(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)→What made them disappointed/What disappointed them was that they failed to cook a Mother’s Day breakfast at the first attempt.(用what引导的主语从句改写)→They failed to cook a Mother’s Day breakfast at the first attempt，which made them disappointed/disappointed them.(用定语从句改写)  desire n．渴望；欲望；愿望 vt.渴望；期望•have a desire to do sth.渴望做某事have a desire for sth.渴望得到某物•desire to do sth.渴望做某事desire sb.to do sth.渴望某人做某事desire that...(should) do...渴望…… (1)The boy has a strong desire for a smartphone with a large internal memory to play games.(2)My foreign teacher desires his son to learn(learn) Chinese culture，so I strongly recommend Beijing Language and Culture University to him. (3)我渴望成为像那些医生一样的人，他们为社会做出了巨大贡献。(2020·天津，书面表达)①I desire to become a person like those doctors who have made great contributions to the society.(desire to do)②I desire that I (should) become a person like those doctors who have made great contributions to the society.(desire that...)  signal v．标志着；标明；发信号 n．信号；标志；预示；信号灯•signal (to) sb.to do sth.示意某人做某事signal (sb.) that示意(某人)……•traffic signals交通信号灯 (1)The headteacher signaled to the monitor to manage(manage) the students strictly.(2)铃声响起，放学了，学生们站起来，抓起书包，像箭一样冲出教室。(读后续写之动作链描写)The bell signaled that school was over，and all the students rose to their feet，seized their schoolbags and rushed out of the classroom like arrows.(3)司机抱起受伤的男孩，把他放在车里，匆忙把他送到医院，忽视了一路上的交通信号。(读后续写之动作链描写)The driver lifted up the injured boy，placed him in the car and rushed him to the hospital，ignoring the traffic signals all the way. lack vt.缺乏；缺少；没有 n．缺乏；短缺 (lacking adj.不足的；缺乏的)•(a) lack of缺少……for/through lack of因缺少……•be lacking in在……方面缺乏 (1)For lack of sufficient oxygen，the astronaut could not carry on with his mission.(2)健康问题与不好的饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼密切相关。(话题写作之健康生活)Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and (a) lack of exercise.(3)尽管这对双胞胎缺乏烹饪经验，但他们通过上网寻求建议来弥补。(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)①Though they lacked cooking experience，the twins made up for it by turning to the Internet for some advice.②Though lacking cooking experience，the twins made up for it by turning to the Internet for some advice.(用省略句改写)  argue vt.& vi.争论；争辩；论证(argument n．争论；争辩；争吵；论点)argue with sb.about/over sth.因某事与某人争吵/争论argue for/against (doing)sth.据理赞成/反对(做)某事argue that...主张……，认为……argue sb.into/out of doing sth.说服某人做/不做某事 (1)The reason why he had an argument(argue) with his wife was that their money was running out.(2)He often argues with his son about/over recycling water so as to cut down the water bill.(3)They argued him into taking exercise on a regular basis.(4)现在 60%的受采访者支持垃圾分类并且声称他们会在日常生活中这么做。(议论文)Currently,60% of the interviewees argue for rubbish classification and claim that they will do this in their daily life.  attach v．系；绑；贴；把……固定；重视(attached adj.附加的；依恋的，爱慕的 attachment n．附件；附属品；依恋)•attach...to...把……附在……上；把……绑在……上attach importance/significance/value/weight/...to...认为……有重要性/意义/价值/分量等•be attached to喜欢，依恋；附属于 (1)Please find my application letter and resume in the attachment(attach)．(2)With time going by，Claire seemed to be more attached(attach) to Tony，the robot.(3)在学习语言的过程中，你再怎么强调阅读的重要性也不为过。(应用文写作之建议信)You can never attach too much importance to reading during the process of learning a language.(4)他拿出吊床，拴在树上，惬意地躺在里面，听着他最喜爱的音乐。(读后续写之动作链描写)He took out the hammock，attached it to the trees and lay in it comfortably，listening to his favorite music. run out用完；耗尽(物作主语，无被动语态)run out of用光，用完(人作主语，有被动语态)run across偶然遇到run after追逐；追求run into撞上；遇上，偶然遇到；碰上(困境、麻烦等) 用run的相关短语填空(1)The moment we ran across/into a cute wild rabbit，we rode our horses and ran after it without hesitation.(2)Our energy was running out but when we heard the call of my uncle，a radiant smile lit up our faces.(3)I had run out of all my patience and I began to explode with anger.  Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise.宇航员在太空工作时必须用胶带把所有的东西固定下来，否则所有的东西都会飘走。•otherwise用作连词时，有时表示一种含蓄的虚拟条件，此时其后的句子用虚拟语气。表示对过去的虚拟，其后句子的谓语动词用would/could have done；表示对现在的虚拟，其后句子的谓语动词用would/could do。•otherwise还常用于句型“祈使句＋otherwise＋陈述句”。 (1)我们当时不知道你遇到了困难，要不然我们会帮助你的。We didn’t know you were in trouble at that time，otherwise we would have given you a hand.(2)我现在没带钱。否则我就借给你一些了。I have no money on me now.Otherwise，I would lend some to you.(3)快点，否则我们会错过末班车。Hurry up，otherwise/or we will miss the last bus.  Firstly，exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.首先，探索太空已经在与世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了作用。exploring space在句中作主语。doing作主语还有以下情况：(1)it作形式主语：It is no use/no good/useless doing sth.做某事没用；It is a waste of time doing sth.做某事浪费时间。(2)动名词的复合结构：名词所有格/形容词性物主代词＋doing作主语。 (1)对学习有积极的态度是我尊敬你的原因。Having a positive attitude to study is the reason why I respect you.(2)在森林中迷路使我的心提到了嗓子眼。(读后续写之心理描写)Being lost in the forest made my heart in my mouth.(3)在我看来，玩电脑游戏是浪费时间。In my opinion，it is a waste of time playing computer games.(4)他考试又不及格使他很羞愧，他羞愧地低着头。His failing in the exam again made him ashamed and he hung down his head in shame.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍1．current(1)Some birds use warm air currents to help them fly.  C  (2)The current money in China is Renminbi.  B  (3)We should try our best to go with the current of the times.  D  (4)Students are placed into classes based on their current language skills.  A  2．otherwiseA.adv.以其他方式　B.adv.否则；不然C.adv.除此以外　D.conj.否则；要不然 (1)My parents lent me sufficient money.Otherwise，I couldn’t have afforded the trip.  B  (2)Seize the chance，otherwise you won’t enjoy the beautiful traditional Chinese paintings.(2021·6月浙江，应用文写作)  D  (3)There was some music playing upstairs.Otherwise the house was silent.  C  (4)It is not permitted to sell or otherwise distribute copies of past examination papers.  A  3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思(1)Officials are not allowed to monitor the voting.监听，监视(2)The barman gave free drinks to the regulars at Christmas.老顾客们Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识1．Mr Smith is determined(determine) to seek his fortune in the downtown area.2．The young man had a strong desire to earn (earn) a living by himself soon after he graduated.3．He had to seek help from his colleagues for lack of experience.4．Those who ignore the traffic signals(signal) can’t escape being punished.5．It was wise of him to admit what he had done otherwise he would have got(get) into series of trouble.6．The diversity between minorities often brings about arguments(argue)．7. Apart from the mild climate，the ethnic music also results in the prosperous tourism.8. Afterwards，he seemed to run out of fortune and finally he lost all his possessions.9．The prince had his servant attach a jade accessory to his robe carefully.10．Being blamed(blame) by my father made me so sad that I hid my face in my hands and cried.Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练建议信——因父母不支持而失望1．你父母反对你的决定，你很失望。(be disappointed that；argue against)You are disappointed that your parents argue against your decision.2．你渴望和朋友一起沿湄公河骑行。(desire to do)You desire to cycle along the Mekong River with your friends.3．我认为平和地和你父母交流很重要。(attach importance to)I attach great importance to communicating with your parents in a peaceful way.4．要不然，缺乏有效的面对面的交流只会恶化你和父母之间的关系。(otherwise；lack)Otherwise，lacking effective face-to-face communication can only worsen the relationship between you and your parents.5．我深信你会说服你的父母支持你的决定。(argue sb.into doing)I am greatly convinced that you can argue your parents into supporting your decision.Ⅱ.微型写作——续写提能练教材续写语料1．情感描写keen adj.热衷的；渴望的intelligent adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的→disappoint vt.使失望→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointment n．失望；沮丧desire n．渴望；欲望 vt.渴望；期望2．动作描写leap vi.& vt.跳过；跃过signal vt.& vi.标志着；标明；发信号float vi.浮动；漂流；漂浮 vt.使浮动；使漂流lack vt.缺乏；没有 n．缺乏；短缺argue vt.& vi.论证；争辩；争论；争吵provide for sb.提供生活所需run out用完；耗尽续写语料运用请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，并用适当的过渡词完成以下语段。和妈妈大吵之后，我重重地摔上门，冲出房子。既失望又沮丧，我感觉好像漂浮在无限悲伤的海洋里。后来，我站在一个摊位旁，由于缺钱叹了口气。摊主注意到了我的窘境，微笑着向我打招呼，示意我坐下。我感动地哭了。摊主微笑道：“孩子，正是你的妈妈从你出生那天起就一直在为你提供生活所需！”我擦干眼泪，跳了起来，像风一样跑回家。Having argued with my mother fiercely，I stormed out of the house，slamming the door heavily.Disappointed and frustrated，I felt like floating in an ocean of limitless sadness.Later，I stood beside a stand and sighed for lack of money.The seller noticed my dilemma，greeted me with a kind smile and signaled me to sit down.I was moved to tears.The seller smiled，“Girl，it is your mother who has been providing for you from when you were born！” I wiped my tears，leapt to my feet and ran for home like a wind.