(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义第1部分 教材知识解读 必修第三册 Unit 2 Morals and Virtues (含答案)

这是一份(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义第1部分 教材知识解读 必修第三册 Unit 2 Morals and Virtues (含答案)，共10页。
Ⅰ.认阅读单词1．moral adj.道德的；道义上的 n．品行；道德；寓意2．dilemma n．进退两难的境地；困境3．moral dilemma道德困境4．entrust vt.委托；交付5．physician n．医师；(尤指)内科医生6．resident physician住院医师7．kindergarten n．学前班；幼儿园8．insurance n．保险；保险业9．import n．进口；进口商品 vt.进口；输入；引进10．export n．出口；出口商品 vt.出口；输出；传播11．pole n．(行星的)极；地极12．lap n．(坐着时的)大腿部；(跑道等的)一圈13．café n．咖啡馆；小餐馆14．pregnant adj.怀孕的；妊娠的15．disguise vt.装扮；假扮；掩盖 n．伪装；化装用具16．maple n．枫树；槭树17．cart n．手推车；运货马车18．might n．力量；威力19．fable n．寓言；寓言故事Ⅱ.记重点单词1．virtue n．高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质2．faint vi.昏倒；晕厥 adj.不清楚的；微弱的3．precious adj.珍稀的；宝贵的4．tuition n．(小组)教学；讲课5．fee n．专业服务费；报酬6．union n．协会；联合会；工会7．hire vt.聘任；雇用；租用 n．租借；租用8．colleague n．同事；同僚9．clinic n．诊所；门诊部10．faraway adj.遥远的11．decade n．十年；十年期12．elsewhere adv.在别处；去别处13．publish vt.发表(作品)；出版14．staff n．员工；全体职员15．principle n．道德原则；法则；原则16．passive adj.被动的；顺从的17．whisper vi.& vt.悄声说；耳语；低语 n．耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传18．midnight n．子夜；午夜19．bite vt.& vi.(bit，bitten)咬；叮；蜇 n．咬；(咬下的)一口；咬伤20．lip n．嘴唇21．chairman n．主席；主持人；董事长22．chain n．一连串(人或事)；链子；链条23．waitress n．(餐馆的)女服务员；女侍者24．spill vt.& vi.(spilt/spilled，spilt/spilled)(使)洒出；(使)溢出25．limp vi.跛行；一瘸一拐地走26．tear n．眼泪27．despair n．绝望 vi.绝望；感到无望28．court n．(网球等的)球场；法院；法庭29．income n．收入；收益30．per prep.每；每一31．therefore adv.因此；所以Ⅲ.知拓展单词1．illustrate vt.(举例)说明；阐明；给(书或文章)加插图→illustration n．插图；图解；图示→illustrator n．插图画家2．marriage n．结婚；婚姻→marry v．(和某人)结婚；嫁；娶3．majority n．大部分；大多数→major adj.主要的 vi.主修 n．主修课程4．complain vi.& vt.抱怨；发牢骚→complaint n．抱怨；投诉5．respond vt.回答；回复 vi.做出反应；回应→response n．反应；回答；回复6．scholarship n．奖学金→scholar n．学者7．reject vt.拒绝接受；不录用→rejection n．拒绝接受；否决8．appoint vt.任命；委派→appointment n．约会；任命；委任→appointed adj.约定的；指定的9．elect vt.选举；推选→election n．选举；推选；当选10．tend vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于→tendency n．趋势；趋向11．retire vt.& vi.退休；退职；退出→retirement n．退休→retired adj.退休的12．saving n．节省物；节省；节约；[pl.]储蓄金；存款→save vt.救；节省；储蓄13．scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓→scary adj.令人恐惧的14．sharp adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；明显的→sharply adv.急剧地；严厉地→sharpen vt.削尖；磨快；使提高15．energetic adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的→energy n．精力；活力；能量16．replace vt.接替；取代；更换→replacement n．更换；更替；替换的人/物17．accident n．事故；车祸；失事→accidental adj.意外的；偶然的→accidentally adv.偶然地18．operation n．手术；企业；经营→operate vt.& vi.做手术；经营；操作；运转→operator n．操作员；话务员；经营者19．assist vt.帮助；援助→assistant n．助理；助手→assistance n．帮助；援助20．memory n．记忆力；回忆→memoriz(s)e vt.记住；记忆21．harm n．& vt.伤害；损害→harmful adj.有害的→harmfully adv.有害地→harmless adj.无害的22．flexible adj.灵活的；可变通的→flexibly adv.灵活地→flexibility n．灵活性23．tension n．紧张关系；紧张；焦虑→tense adj.紧张的；担心的；令人紧张的Ⅳ.背核心短语1．carry sb.through sth.帮助某人渡过难关2．tuition fees学费3．tend to do sth.易于做某事；往往会发生某事4．first aid急救5．pass away去世6．in memory of作为对……的纪念7．trip over被……绊倒8．in tears流着泪；含着泪9．in despair处于绝望中10．a great deal (of)大量1．compulsory adj.义务的；强制的 2．condemn vt.谴责；使注定3．conflict vt.冲突；斗争4．conscious adj.神志清醒的；有意识的5．consequence n．结果；后果6．conservative adj.保守的；守旧的7．considerate adj.体贴的；考虑周到的 8．consistent adj.一贯的；一致的1．To a person nothing is more precious than their life...(“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义)对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵的了……2．She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.(the＋序数词＋名词＋to do)她随即成为北京协和医学院妇产科有史以来第一位被聘为住院医师的女性。3．Though Lin Qiaozhi never married，she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”，having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.(having done作状语)虽然林巧稚终身未婚，但是她被称为“万婴之母”，她一生中亲手接生的婴儿有五万多名。4．Dr Lin did not retire until the day she died,22 April 1983.(not...until)林医生直到1983年4月22日她去世的那一天才退休。5．Nothing good can come to a nation whose people only complain and expect others to solve their problems.(whose引导的定语从句)如果一个国家的人民只会抱怨，而且指望别人来解决他们的问题，那么就不会有好的事情发生在这个国家。请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。Li Hua，an energetic medical student，was walking by a kindergarten when an accident happened.A pregnant woman tripped over and fainted.Seeing this，her first response was to conduct first aid，but a passer-by 1.whispered to her “Think twice.” She was in a moral dilemma.After a short hesitation，she chose to send the woman to a clinic.A physician who had just retired came to assist her.However，her mother spoke sharp words and 2.complained about this for fear of a blackmail(讹诈)．Li Hua became 3.scared.She had no income，savings or insurance.What if the woman asked her for a great deal of money? Maybe she could earn tuition fees or work as a waitress in a nearby caf．Her scholarship might also help.A chain of terrible thoughts flashing through her mind，she was almost in 4.despair，and therefore could not sleep until midnight.Her father’s words carried her through the hard time.“Patients tend to entrust a doctor with life and a doctor will save a patient with all the might.What is 5.more precious than life? How can you 6.reject your duty and ignore your principles？” The following day，she found the pregnant woman’s husband waiting in her classroom.He thanked Li Hua again and again in tears.At last，her tension 7.was replaced with pride.Afterwards，Li Hua was hired by a hospital and accepted by her colleagues quickly.Soon，she was able to perform operations in a wonderful way.A decade later，she was appointed to be chairwoman of the hospital union.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇 respond vt.回答；回复 vi.回答；响应；做出反应；回应 (response n．回答，答复；反应)•respond to对……做出回应或反应；答复•in response to对……的答复；对……做出反应make a/no response to对……做出回应/不予回答 (1)She made no response(respond)to the principle，which made me boil with anger.(2)作为对您投诉信的回应，我做出以下承诺。In response to your letter of complaint，I made the following promises.(3)每当我向他寻求建议时，他总是立即给我回复。(2020·全国Ⅰ，书面表达)Every time I asked him for advice，he would respond to/make a response to me immediately. appoint vt.任命；委派 (appointment n．约会；约定，预约；委任 appointed adj.约定的；指定的)•appoint sb.as/to be...任命某人为……appoint sb.to do sth.委派某人做某事•make/have an appointment (with sb.)(与某人)约会/预约 (1)I have something urgent to handle and therefore，I have to cancel the appointment(appoint) with you，and I will appoint my brother to meet(meet) you at the airport.(2)得知你已被任命为学生会主席，我真诚地祝贺你。(应用文写作之祝贺信)Learning that you have been appointed as/to be chairman of the Student Association，I sincerely congratulate you.(3)我不得不向你道歉，因为我不能在约定时间陪你去书店了。(应用文写作之道歉信)I have to apologize to you for not being able to accompany you to the bookshop at the appointed time. scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓 (scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的 scary adj.吓人的；恐怖的)•be scared to do sth.害怕/不敢做某事be scared of sb./sth.害怕某人/某事be scared to death吓得要死•scare sb.into doing sth.恐吓某人做某事 (1)After watching a scary(scare) film in the cinema，she was scared of walking home alone and therefore，she called a taxi.(2)Some parents try to scare their ill-behaved children into behaving(behave) well.(3)当我意识到那头熊要回来攻击我们的时候，我几乎要吓死了。(2020·浙江，读后续写)When I realized that the bear was coming back to attack us，I was nearly scared to death.(4)我胆怯地低着头，不敢看爸爸那张阴云密布的脸。(读后续写之心理描写)I bowed my head timidly and was scared to look at my father’s cloudy face. assist vt.帮助；协助；援助 (assistance n．帮助；协助 assistant n．助手；助理)•assist sb.to do/in doing sth.帮助某人做某事assist sb.with/in sth.在某方面帮助某人•come/go to one’s assistance来/去援助某人with the assistance of...在……的帮助下 (1)Having a great deal of teaching experience at a primary school，I do believe that I am qualified to be your teaching assistant(assist)．(2)作为对你上封信的回复，我确保我会在英语口语方面帮你。首先，我会帮你改正你的发音。(应用文写作之回复求助信)In response to your last letter，I make sure that I will assist you with/in your oral English.Firstly，I will assist you to correct/in correcting your pronunciation.(3)正当这对双胞胎担心做不出一顿美味的母亲节早餐的时候，爸爸来帮他们了。在他们爸爸的帮助下，这对双胞胎成功了，脸上洋溢着快乐的笑容。(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)When the twins were worried that they couldn’t succeed in making a delicious Mother’s Day breakfast，their father came to their assistance.With the assistance of their father/With their father assisting them，the twins made it，their faces brimming with happy smiles. harm n．& v．伤害；损害；危害 (harmful adj.有害的 harmless adj.无害的；不致伤害的)•do sb.harm/do harm to sb.对某人有害There is no harm (in) doing sth.做某事无害处。•be harmful to对……有害 (1)The physician says that the medicine is harmful to children but harmless(harm) to adults.(2)沉迷于网络游戏对我们的身心健康有害。因此，戒掉它没有害处。(2021·全国乙)Being addicted to online games is harmful to/does harm to our physical and mental health.Therefore，there is no harm (in) getting rid of it. a great/good deal of许多的；大量的•a great/good deal of许多的，大量的，只能修饰不可数名词。修饰可数名词可以用a great many (of)。•a great/good deal用作副词短语时，可用于修饰形容词、副词比较级来加强程度，也可以用来修饰动词作状语。•a great deal用作名词短语时，意为“大量，许多”，作主语或者宾语。 (1)The thief ran a great deal faster(fast) than the policeman but at last he  didn’t escape being caught.(2)他花了大量的时间和这些贫困家庭待在一起，而且他从中学到了很多东西。He spent a great/good deal of time with the poor families，and he learned a great/good deal from the experience. 　 To a person nothing is more precious than their life...对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵的了……本句中形容词比较级与否定词连用，表达最高级含义。常用的否定词有：no，not，never，nothing，nobody，hardly等，其意义为：没有比这更……的了。 (1)还有什么比帮助别人更有意义的事吗？(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)Is there anything that is more meaningful than assisting others?(2)“我从来没吃过比这更美味的早餐了！”妈妈激动地回答道。(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)“I have never had a more delicious breakfast than this one！” the mother responded excitedly. She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB­GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.她随即成为北京协和医学院妇产科有史以来第一位被聘为住院医师的女性。•此句中的不定式to be hired...作后置定语，修饰名词woman。当中心词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时或前面有the only，the last，the right等时，常用动词不定式作后置定语。•在time，way，chance，ability，promise，attempt等名词后，常用不定式作后置定语，表示将要发生的动作。 (1)There was no signal in that faraway village and all my attempts to contact(contact) you failed.(2)约翰是第一个想出做爆米花帮助伯纳德挣外快的人。他相信他有能力帮助伯纳德走出困境。(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)John was  the first person to think of making popcorn to help Bernard earn some extra money.He was convinced that he had the ability to help Bernard out of the difficulty.(3)我能说一口流利的英语，而且我是班上唯一一个出国深造的学生。毫无疑问我是负责这项工作的最佳人选。(应用文写作之申请信)I can speak fluent English and I am the only student in my class to go abroad for further study.There is no doubt that I am  the best person to be responsible for the job.(4)我不能错过这样一个增进彼此了解的宝贵机会。I can’t afford to miss such a precious chance to strengthen each other’s understanding.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍1．sharpA.adj.急剧的　B.adj.敏锐的　C.adj.锋利的D.adv.整点地　E.adj.急转的　F.adj.清晰的 (1)She studied the young man with her sharp bright eyes.  B  (2)Recently there has been a sharp decline in interest in gardening throughout the town.  A  (3)I was approaching a fairly sharp bend that swept downhill to the left.  E  (4)She planned to unlock the shop at 8∶00 sharp the next morning.  D  (5)All the footprints are quite sharp and clear.  F  (6)She had her finger cut by a sharp knife by accident while she was cutting potatoes.  C  2．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思(1)He tends the flower beds that he has planted in the driveway.料理；照顾(2)The operation of this machine seems to be simple but in fact it isn’t.操作(3)I think the moral of the story is to let people mind their own behaviors.寓意(4)We will play basketball for half an hour in a basketball court. 球场Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识1．It’s typical of him to respond to others’ requests in spite of his own business.2．The majority(major) of students show great respect for their teachers.3．His colleagues assisted him to decorate(decorate) the house for his wedding.4．We appointed her to represent(represent) us to send our congratulations at the wedding ceremony.5．The boys set off firecrackers to scare the monkeys into running away.6．When the boss arrived，the joyful atmosphere was replaced by/with a serious one.7. After all，it is immoral to take advantage of others’ weakness to do harm to them.8．To his surprise，he found a great deal of money in the envelope.9．Some festivals are held in memory of the ancestors.10．I have never experienced a more exciting(exciting) moment than now.Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练感谢信——感激被任命为学生会主席1．感谢您任命我为学生会主席。(appoint)Thank you for appointing me (to be/as) chairman of the Student Union.2．我将是第一个帮助那些有困难的同学解决他们困境的人。(the＋序数词＋名词＋to do；assist sb.to do)I will be the first one to assist those in trouble to solve their dilemmas.3．我将耐心回答其他人的问题，并且不遗余力地提供许多实用的建议。(respond to；a great deal of)I will respond to others’ questions patiently and spare no effort to provide a great deal of practical advice.4．我不害怕面对各种困难。(be scared to do)I am not scared to face various hardships.5．通过我巨大的努力，我相信没人比我是更负责、更称职的主席了。(“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义)Through my great efforts，I believe nobody can be a more responsible and qualified chairman than me.Ⅱ.微型写作——续写提能练教材续写语料1．情感描写passive adj.被动的；顺从的despair n．绝望complain vi.& vt.抱怨；发牢骚→complaint n．抱怨；投诉scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓→scary adj.令人恐惧的tension n．紧张关系；紧张；焦虑in tears流着泪；含着泪2．动作描写faint vi.昏倒；晕厥whisper vi.& vt.悄声说；耳语；低语 n．耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传replace vt.接替；取代；更换assist vt.帮助；援助carry sb.through sth.帮助某人渡过难关tend vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；照料trip over被……绊倒续写语料运用请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，并用适当的过渡词完成以下语段。苏珊遭遇车祸，昏迷了。她永远失明了，这使她陷入了愤怒、绝望、抱怨和自怜的世界中。她整天愁眉苦脸，以泪洗面，心如刀割。她的丈夫马克细致入微地照顾她，决定帮助她重获力量和信心，走出如此被动的困境。苏珊的焦虑逐渐被信心代替了。她柔声低语道，“马克，谢谢你。正是你帮我渡过了难关。”Susan was caught in a car accident and fainted.She was blind forever，throwing her into a world of anger，despair，complaint and self-pity.All day long she frowned，grieved and was bathed in tears，feeling as if a knife were piercing her heart.Her husband，Mark，tended (to) her with great care and determined to assist her to regain strength and confidence and step out of such a passive dilemma.Gradually，Susan’s tension was replaced by confidence.She whispered gently，“Mark，thank you.It is you that carry me through the tough situation.”