(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义第1部分 教材知识解读 必修第一册 Unit 3 Sports and Fitness (含答案)

这是一份(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义第1部分 教材知识解读 必修第一册 Unit 3 Sports and Fitness (含答案)，共10页。
Ⅰ.认阅读单词1．soccer n．足球；足球运动2．stadium n．(pl.stadiums or stadia)体育场；运动场3．boxing n．拳击(运动)4．badminton n．羽毛球运动5．marathon n．马拉松赛跑6．ski adj.滑雪的 vi.滑雪7．track and field田径8．gymnastics n．体操(训练)9．legend n．传奇故事(或人物)；传说10．glory n．荣誉；光荣；赞美11．graceful adj.优美的；优雅的12．push-up n．(especially NAmE)俯卧撑13．error n．错误；差错Ⅱ.记重点单词1．event n．比赛项目；大事；公开活动2．track n．跑道；足迹；铁路轨道 vi.& vt.追踪；跟踪3．gym n．健身房；体育馆4．sweat vt.使出汗；出汗弄湿 vi.出汗；流汗 n．汗水；出汗5．athlete n．运动员；运动健儿6．master n．高手；主人 vt.精通；掌握7．medal n．奖章；勋章8．captain n．(运动队)队长；船长；机长9．apart adv.分离；分开；成碎片10．pretend vi.& vt.假装；装扮11．million num.一百万12．cheat vi.作弊；舞弊 vt.欺骗；蒙骗 n．欺骗手段；骗子13．audience n．观众；听众14．positive adj.积极的；正面的；乐观的；肯定的15．slim adj.苗条的；单薄的16．diet n．规定饮食；日常饮食 vi.节食17．rather adv.相当；有点儿18．jog vi.慢跑 n．慢跑Ⅲ.知拓展单词1．fitness n．健康；健壮；适合→fit adj.适合的；健康的 vt.& vi.适合→unfit adj.不适合的2．host vt.主办；主持 n．主人；东道主；节目主持人→hostess n．女主人3．honour n．荣誉；尊敬；荣幸→honourable adj.可敬的；体面的→honoured adj.受尊敬的4．championship n．锦标赛；冠军赛；冠军称号→champion n．冠军；优胜者5．determination n．决心；决定→determine v．决心；决意→determined adj.坚决的6．injure vt.使受伤；损害→injured adj.受伤的；有伤的→injury n．伤害；损伤7．strength n．力量；体力→strengthen v．增强→strong adj.强壮的8．failure n．失败；失败的人(或事物)→fail v．失败9．compete vi.竞争；对抗→competition n．竞争；比赛→competitor n．竞争者；对手→competitive adj.竞争的10．stress n．压力；紧张；重音 vt.强调；重读；使焦虑不安 vi.焦虑不安→stressful adj.造成压力的→stressed adj.感到压力的Ⅳ.背核心短语1．come along跟随；到达；进步；赶快2．work out锻炼；计算出；解决3．make it获得成功；准时到达4．set an example树立榜样5．fall apart破裂；破碎；崩溃6．lose heart丧失信心；泄气7．give up放弃；投降8．make sense有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚9．pretend to do sth.假装做某事10．even if/though即使；虽然11．make a difference有作用或影响12．rather than而不是13．cut...out停止做(或使用、食用)；剪下14．now and then有时；偶尔15．compare...with/to...与……比较1．agricultural adj.农业的2．allergic adj.过敏的3．alphabet n．字母表4．alternative adj.可选择的 n．可供选择的事物5．altitude n．高地；高度6．altogether adv.总共7．amateur adj.业余的；外行的 n．业余选手8．ambition n．野心；抱负1．They must be athletes who are masters in their sports and also set good examples for others.(who引导的定语从句)他们必须是他们(各自的)运动领域的高手，而且为其他人树立了很好的榜样。2．The Boys and Girls Club which he started in Chicago has been helping young people since 1996.(现在完成进行时)他在芝加哥所创建的“男孩女孩俱乐部”从1996年至今一直在帮助年轻人。3．A soccer player should not pretend to fall down even if it helps his/her team.(even if)足球运动员不应该假装摔倒，即使这对他/她的球队有帮助。4．Once I started thinking about fitness rather than weight，things began to change.(once引导的时间状语从句)一旦我开始考虑健康而不是体重，事情就有了变化。5．Instead of saying “I want to lose three kilos”，I would say “I want to run two kilometres in eight minutes” or “I want to be able to do 30 push-ups”．(instead of doing)我不再说“我想减掉3千克”，而是说“我想在8分钟内跑2千米”或“我希望能做30个俯卧撑”。6．By being positive about myself and my body，I became both happier and healthier.(by doing作状语)通过积极看待自我和自己的身体，我变得更快乐、更健康了。请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。Competitive Sports and Mass SportsIncluding soccer，boxing，badminton，marathon，skiing，gymnastics and track and field，there seem to be hundreds of sports for us.In stadiums，gyms，or homes，we can work out 1.sweating all over.Competitive sports mean that athletes must compete against each other for medals in championships or events in Olympics to win 2.honour and glory for their country，which needs not only skills and strength but also great 3.determination.However，success often comes along with stress，failure and injuries.Sometimes even a master may fall apart，but he never loses heart.Finally he makes it and becomes a champion and legend，setting an example to others.Compared with competitive sports，mass sports focus on fitness 4.rather than competition.Millions of people go jogging or do push-ups to keep slim instead of going on a diet by cutting out fat.However，with no audience to shout encouragement，they may give up.They cheat themselves into taking exercise the next day or 5.pretend to have done it otherwise，which doesn’t make sense.However，even if you take exercise now and then，it will make a difference and have 6.positive effects，won’t it?提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇 honour n．荣誉；尊敬；荣幸•It’s an honour for sb.to do sth.对某人来说做某事很荣幸。feel it an honour to do sth.为做某事感到荣幸in honour of...向……表示敬意；为纪念……•be/feel honoured to do sth.做某事感到荣幸 (1)Michael Jordan，a master in basketball，never lost heart even if he was faced with failure，for which he was greatly honoured(honour)．(2)人们庆祝端午节纪念屈原，他是中国一位伟大的诗人。(话题写作之传统节日)People celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival in honour of Qu Yuan，who is a great Chinese poet.(3)能有宝贵的机会在这里发表演讲，我感到非常荣幸。(应用文写作之演讲稿)①It is a great honour for me to have the precious opportunity to deliver a speech here.(it is an honour for sb.to do)②I feel it a great honour to have the precious opportunity to deliver a speech here.(feel it an honour to do)③I feel greatly honoured to have the precious opportunity to deliver a speech here.(feel honoured to do) determination n．决心；决定(determine v．测定；决定；确定 determined adj.坚决的；有决心的)•determine to do...决定做……(表示动作)determine on/upon (doing) sth.决定(做)某事•be determined to do...决心做……(表示状态) (1)Write a poem about how courage，determination(determine)，and strength have helped you face challenges in your life.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)(2)He determined on/upon facing the failure bravely rather than escaping from reality.(3)就在那时我决定继续在农场工作，以便能帮助养活我的家人。(2021·6月浙江，读后续写)It was at that time that I determined to go on working on the farm so that I could help support my family.(determine to do)(4)决心很好地组织这次主题班会，我写信征求你关于哪些中国传统文化最吸引外国人的意见。(2021·全国甲，书面表达)Determined to organize the theme class meeting wonderfully，I am writing to ask you for advice on which Chinese traditional cultures attract foreigners most.(过去分词短语作状语)  injury n．伤害；损伤(injured adj.受伤的；有伤的 injure vt.使受伤；损害)•do sb.an injury伤害某人•the injured受伤的人；伤员•get/be injured受伤 (1)The captain recovered from his injuries(injure) soon with the help of skilled doctors and nurses.(2)尽管腿受了伤，他还是决心跑完马拉松。①Though he got/was injured in the leg，he was determined to finish the marathon.②Though injured in the leg，he was determined to finish the marathon.(用“连词＋过去分词”作状语改写)(3)营救队像箭一样冲往现场，给伤者实施急救，然后急忙把他们送往最近的医院。(读后续写之动作链描写)The rescue team dashed to the spot like arrows，offered first aid to the injured and then rushed them to the nearest hospital.  failure n．失败；失败的人(或事物)(fail v．失败；不及格)•failure作可数名词，意为“失败者，失败的事”；作不可数名词，意为“失败”。类似的词还有success，surprise，honour，difficulty等。•fail to do sth.没做成某事 (1)The athlete didn’t win a medal or become a champion，but the audience didn’t view him as a failure.(2)正如一句谚语说的那样，“失败是成功之母”。努力，你就会取得进步。(应用文写作之鼓励他人)As a proverb goes，“Failure is the mother of success.” Work hard，and you will make progress.(3)这对双胞胎感到沮丧，他们没做成一顿美味的母亲节早餐。(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)The twins felt depressed that they failed to cook a delicious Mother’s Day breakfast. compete vi.竞争；对抗(competitive adj.竞争的，竞争心强的；有竞争力的 competitor n．竞争者，竞争对手；参赛者 competition n．竞争；竞赛，比赛)compete with/against sb.和某人竞争compete for sth.为……而竞争compete in sth.在……中竞争 (1)As the youngest competitor，John will compete in the writing competition for the annual award of writing.He must be very competitive so that he can win.(compete)(2)在南瓜地里，我和我的兄弟姐妹比赛去找最大的南瓜。(2021·1月浙江，读后续写)In the pumpkin field，I competed with/against my siblings to seek out the biggest pumpkin.(3)尽管这是一场竞争激烈的比赛，但是真正重要的不是冠军称号，而是参与者在比赛中所展示出来的决心。(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，应用文写作)Although/Though/While this was a competitive race，what really mattered was not the title of championship but the determination that participants showed during the race. give up放弃；投降give in屈服，投降give out分发；用光；耗尽give away赠送；泄露give off散发(光和热等)give way to给……让路give sb.a hand帮某人一个忙 (1)Although he didn’t admit that he had cheated in the exam，his facial expression gave him away.(2)On the edge of the jacket，there is a piece of cloth which gives off light in the dark.(3)尽管已经失败多次，他们也不放弃，最终做出了美味的爆米花。(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)Though having failed many times，they didn’ t give up and finally delicious popcorn was made.(4)看到这对双胞胎失望的脸庞，爸爸乐意帮助他们做早餐，并且温柔地轻声说道：“亲爱的孩子，不要向暂时的困难屈服。”(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)Seeing the twins’ disappointed faces，the father willingly gave them a hand to cook breakfast and whispered gently，“My dear children，don’ t give in to the temporary difficulty.”(5)简的精力已经耗尽了。她的脚像灌了铅一样沉重，她瘫坐在树旁，失控地哭起来。(读后续写之情感描写)Jane’ s energy had given out.Her feet felt as heavy as lead and she slumped beside a tree，weeping without control. make sense有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚make for走向；冲向make it获得成功；准时到达make a/no difference有/没有作用或影响make one’s way前往；成功make sense of弄懂……的意思make sure确信；一定make up组成；补偿；编造；化妆；和解 (1)用make的相关短语填空①Pretending to have understood what your teacher said doesn’t make sense.②His words puzzled me so much that I had a hard time making sense of what he really meant.③Despite a strong wind，we still made it to the airport on schedule yesterday.(2)有时仅仅一点善举也很有意义，使得这个世界更加美丽和谐。(读后续写之升华句)Sometimes only a little kindness can make a great difference，making the world more beautiful and harmonious.    cut...out停止做(或使用、食用)；剪下cut across穿过(某地)(尤指抄近路)cut in插嘴cut off中止；切掉；使隔绝cut up切碎cut down砍倒；削减；删节；缩小(尺寸、数量等) 用cut的相关短语填空(1)To keep physically healthy，the experts strongly suggest cutting out alcohol in our daily life.(2)I usually cut across the park on my way home so that I can arrive home early.(3)She kept on cutting in on our conversation，which made us very annoyed.(4)The captain cut up the meat in his plate impatiently to show his anger.(5)His company will shut down if the water supply is cut off.　 A soccer player should not pretend to fall down even if it helps his/her team.足球运动员不应该假装摔倒，即使这对他/她的球队有帮助。even if/though“尽管；即使”，引导让步状语从句 (1)即使我学英语费力，我仍然竭尽全力提高我的英语水平。Even if/though I have difficulty(in) studying English，I still do whatever I can to improve my English.(2)尽管他深陷困境，他仍然乐意帮助处于困境中的人。Even if/though he was stuck in hardships，he still willingly helped those in trouble.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍1．work out(1)With great efforts the soldier worked out the problem.  B  (2)The area can be easily worked out if you know the length and the width.  C  (3)To win glory for our class in the sports meeting，I have been working out for an hour every morning.  A    2．compare...to...(1)I often compare what I think to what others have thought.  B  (2)Scientists sometimes compare the human brain to a computer.  A  3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思(1)The 2008 Olympic Games is the biggest sporting event ever held in Beijing.比赛项目(2)Even if the architect worked hard，he still had a slim chance of winning the competition.微小的；渺茫的(3)I can’t stress too much the importance of keeping diaries in English every day.强调Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识1．The soldier felt greatly honoured(honour) to see the emperor in the flesh.2．Determined(determine) to get to the destination，the athlete showed amazing willpower.3．The architect got injured(injure) when hiking to the castle through a narrow path.4．When checking out at the counter，the man found his credit card lost，so he had to give up the purchase.5．The competition(compete) was extremely fierce and at last we won the match narrowly by 74 vs 72.6．It is requested that we should cut down the intake of fat and sugar to regain fitness.7．Rather than admiring(admire) the beauty of movie stars，I learned to discover my unique beauty.8．Failure(fail) is recognised as the mother of success，so as long as we don’t lose heart，we will succeed.9．I could not make sense of what he said until he told me the story in detail.10．I have been trying(try) to contact the official in charge of transport in the past three hours，but I don’t make it.Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练(2018·全国Ⅲ)——新体育馆1．我们学校有1 000多名学生，他们渴望参加户外活动。(who引导的定语从句)There are more than 1,000 students who desire to take part in outdoor activities in our school.2．在过去，即使我们想做运动，由于缺乏合适的体育设施，我们只能待在室内。(even if)In the past，even if we wanted to do sports，we had to stay indoors for lack of proper sports facilities. 3．一旦我们学校建成了新的体育馆，我们就能做各种各样的运动了。(once)Once our school has built a new gym，we can play various kinds of sports.4．现在，很多学生会去体育馆锻炼，而不是待在室内打游戏。(instead of)Now，instead of staying indoors playing games，many students will go to the gym to work out.5．通过这样做，我们不但增强了体力，而且成功保持身材苗条。(by doing...作状语)By doing so，not only do we build up our strength but also we keep slim successfully.Ⅱ.微型写作——续写提能练教材续写语料1．情感描写determination n．决心；决定→determine v．测定；决定；确定fall apart破裂；破碎；崩溃lose heart丧失信心；泄气give up放弃；投降positive adj.积极的；乐观的2．动作描写track vt.追踪；跟踪 n．跑道；足迹work out锻炼；计算出；解决sweat vt.使出汗 vi.出汗；流汗 n．汗水make it获得成功；准时到达续写语料运用请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，并用适当的过渡词完成以下语段。(2018·6月浙江，读后续写)当看到一只兔子的时候，爸爸和我决定追它。兔子是如此迅速以至它消失在树林中。直到那时，我们才意识到最后一抹霞光正快速消失在树丛中。迷路了，我吓得一身冷汗，我几乎崩溃了。我颤抖着说道：“爸爸，我们如何解决这个困境呢？”爸爸喃喃地说：“不要灰心，不要放弃，我们会成功到达农舍的！”When seeing a rabbit，father and I determined to track it.So swift was it that it disappeared in the forest.Not until then did we realize that the last ray of twilight was quickly disappearing among the numerous trees.Lost，I was in a cold sweat from extreme horror and I nearly fell apart.I said in a trembling voice，“Dad，how can we work out the dilemma？” Dad murmured，“Don’ t lose heart! Don’ t give up! We will make it to the farmhouse！”