(新高考)高考英语二轮复习讲义第2部分 语法专题 语法专题 专题四 第2讲　名词性从句 (含答案)

这是一份(新高考)高考英语二轮复习讲义第2部分 语法专题 语法专题 专题四 第2讲　名词性从句 (含答案)，共8页。


Many students dn’t knw what they shuld d①，but what Xia Meng wants t d② is earn mney.The reasn is that she wants t lessen her parents’ burden③.It is said that many small cmpanies need graduates t d part-time jbs②.Xia Meng has applied fr tw jbs but she is nt sure abut whether she will be emplyed①.She als wnders when she will be admitted t a cllege① and which city she will g①.She is anxius fr the news that she is admitted t a gd university④.
注释：①位于及物动词或介词之后的从句是名词性从句中的宾语从句。②谓语动词之前的从句为名词性从句中的主语从句。此外，该种从句可以用it作形式主语。③位于be动词之后的从句是名词性从句中的表语从句。④位于抽象名词之后，解释该名词内容的句子为同位语从句。
1．名词性从句的引导词如下表所示：
2.名词性从句的语序必须是陈述语序。
D yu knw where will the party be held？(×)
D yu knw where the party will be held？(√)
3．what & that
that是从属连词，在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，也没有任何意义。而what是连接代词，在名词性从句中充当成分，通常充当主语、宾语或表语。
I believe that I will succeed if I study hard.
我相信如果我努力学习我会成功的。
I believe what he said because he is an hnest man.我相信他说的话，因为他是个诚实的人。
4．whether & if
(1)主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中表示“是否”，必须用whether。只有在it作形式主语的主语从句中，可用if。
(2)宾语从句中一般情况下whether与if 可以通用，但在以下情况下不能用if ，只能用whether：
a．介词后 b．其后跟不定式 c．其后紧跟r nt
d．引导让步状语从句
结论：在学生的写作中，只要表“是否”，一律用whether。
5．wh & whever
名词性从句中的wh翻译为“谁”，带有疑问意味。而whever则翻译为“不论是谁”，没有疑问的语气。
D yu knw wh brke the windw?
你知道是谁打破了窗户吗？
Whever brke the windw will be punished.
无论是谁打破了窗户都得挨罚。
6．that不可省略的情况
(1)that引导主语从句且从句置于句首时；that引导表语从句时；that引导同位语从句时；当it作形式宾语，that引导的从句作真正的宾语时。
(2)当主句谓语后接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，第一个that可省略，其他的that不可省。
结论：学生习作中，that一律不省略。
注意：在同一个谓语动词之后有多个宾语从句并列时，注意句子的理解，要知道后面的that从何而来。如：
She said (that) she had brken up with her byfriend，that she was heartbrken，and that she wuld never fall in lve again.
她说她和男朋友分手了，她很伤心，而且她不会再爱了。
7．同位语从句位于表示概念或思维的抽象名词之后，对该抽象名词起解释说明的作用。常见的抽象名词有news，idea，fact，prmise，cnclusin，thery，questin，dubt，thught，hpe，message，suggestin，wrd(消息)，pssibility，decisin等。
At first many peple were astnished at the cnclusin that the earth was nt the centre f the universe.起初很多人对地球不是宇宙中心这一结论感到惊讶。
8．why与because 引导表语从句的用法区别
why与because 引导表语从句时，前者强调结果，后者强调原因。
I had a cld.That was why I didn’t attend schl.我感冒了，因此我没上学。
I didn’t attend schl. That was because I had a cld.我没上学，那是因为我感冒了。
注意：(1)句子的主语为the reasn时，表语从句用that引导，表示原因，此时不用because。
The reasn why she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat.
她生病的原因是她吃了变质的肉。
(2)由why引导的从句作主语时，表语从句用that引导。
Why we decided t put ff the match was that the weather was t terrible.
我们决定推迟比赛的原因是天气太糟糕了。
9．as if/thugh
as if/thugh引导的表语从句通常置于系动词lk，seem，sund，be等后面；表语从句既可以用虚拟语气，也可用陈述语气。
It sunded as if smebdy was kncking at/n the dr.听起来好像有人在敲门。
She treats him as if he were a stranger.
她待他如陌生人。
点对点练习
单句语法填空
1．What she wants t knw is when the party will be held.
2．That he will give up his jb surprises all f us.
3．Whever did it shuld be respnsible fr it.
4．Where/Whether the meeting will be held this afternn is nt knwn yet.
5．The reasn why he was late was that he was caught in a traffic jam.
6．I dubt whether/if he has the ability t d it well.
7．After what seemed a lng time，he came t himself.
8．He said he was wrng and that he wanted t make an aplgy t us.
9．He expressed his hpe that he wuld visit China again.
10．He failed.That was because he didn’t wrk hard.
单句语法填空
1．What is s breathtaking abut the experience is the ut-f-this-wrld scenes.
(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)
2．By bat is the nly way t get here，which is hw we arrived.(2018·江苏)
3．Every year，whever makes the mst beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
(2017·北京)
4．She asked me whether/if I had returned the bks t the library，and I admitted that I hadn’t.(2017·天津6月)
5．Yu have t knw where yu’re ging if yu are t plan the best way f getting there.
(2015·湖南)
名词性从句解题三步走
第一步：根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或者根据句式结构判断是否是名词性从句。
第二步：一旦判断是名词性从句，就根据名词性从句中缺少什么句子成分来确定选用什么连接词。若从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语，用连接代词。指物用what，whatever；指人用wh，whever。
第三步：如果不缺少主语或宾语，要看从句是否有疑问。如果没有疑问用that，有疑问则根据句意使用when，where，why，hw，whether等。
层级一 基础达标练
单句语法填空
1．He was nt lking fr thers’ smiles，r wrrying abut whether smene was watching r nt.
2．Helen McCarthy，an authr and expert n Japanese Cartns，explained why the character is s ppular.“Because Hell Kitty is all abut happiness，friendship and fun.”
3．My first task was t decide where t g and hw t get there.
4．Students can chse what/whatever they want t d and register nline.
5．Mr White is ppsed t repairing the ld building，and that’s where I dn’t agree.
6．The prblem is that ne less hur f sleep is nt equal t an extra hur f achievement.
7．Twenty-five years later the traveler returned t the same place.What he saw amazed him.He culd nt believe his wn eyes.
8．Therefre，it is advisable that yu shuld value and treat them with care.
9．They wuld appreciate it，t be frank，if the gds culd be delivered as sn as pssible.
10．I asked him what his father had dne s that he became such a gd persn.
11.He has made it clear that the meeting will nt be pstpned.
12.When I entered the restaurant，the waitress said I culd sit wherever I like.
13.I didn’t understand why this wuld happen and my credit card had already been charged fr the reservatin.
层级二 高考真题练
单句语法填空
1．What puzzles Lily’s friends is why she always has s many crazy ideas.(2021·天津3月)
2．We chse this htel because the price fr a night here is dwn t $20，half f what it used t charge.(2017·江苏)
3．Over thusands f years，they began t depend less n what culd be hunted r gathered frm the wild，and mre n animals they had raised and crps they had swn.(2020·浙江7月)
4．It is nt a prblem whether/if we can win the battle；it’s just a matter f time.(2020·江苏)
5．The student cmpleted this experiment t make cme true what Prfessr Jseph had said.(2020·天津7月)
6．While they are rare nrth f 88°，there is evidence that they range all the way acrss the Arctic，and as far suth as James Bay in Canada.(2019·全国Ⅰ)
7．I’m nt sure wh/which is mre frightened，me r the female grilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears ut f nwhere.(2018·全国Ⅲ)
8．Scientists have btained mre evidence that plastic is finding its way int the human bdy.(2019·江苏)
9．This is what my father has taught me—t always face difficulties and hpe fr the best.
(2018·北京)
10．The gld medal will be awarded t whever wins the first place in the bicycle race.
(2018·天津6月)
层级三 语篇提能练
语法填空
名词性从句篇
1． wrries my classmate Mary a lt these days is 2. she puts n t much weight and she is frequently ill.She has sme dubts 3. she eats t much fast fd high in fat r sugar.Als，with the Cllege Entrance Examinatin appraching，she becmes mre stressful and she can’t sleep well these days.Maybe this is 4. she becmes fatter these days，she thinks.5. she becmes slimmer and healthier has been her main task.S she wants t cnsult sme experts and gain sme instructins.But where she can get better suggestins and 6. will give her better advice als puzzle her.It is her parents’ suggestin 7. she shuld cnsult Prfessr Wang in Zhngshan Hspital.Prfessr Wang suggests 8. she keep a balanced diet first.She shuld eat vegetables and fruit high in fiber，vitamin and prtein.What’s mre，if she wants t lse weight，she had better take regular exercise mre than half an hur a day.Mary asked Prfessr Wang 9. she shuld take exercise.Prfessr Wang advised her t take exercise at 5 ’clck in the afternn.That is 10. she will have mre time t d sprts.It is with the help f Prfessr Wang that Mary has becme much healthier nw.
1．答案 What
解析 考查主语从句。分析句子可知，第一个空引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“什么，所……的”，故用what。位于句首，注意首字母大写。故填What。
2．答案 that
解析 考查表语从句。分析句子可知，is后面为表语从句，从句成分完整，因此用that引导，that无实际意义，在句中不作任何成分。故填that。
3．答案 whether
解析 考查同位语从句。分析句子可知，dubt后接的是同位语从句，从句说的是dubt的内容，从句中不缺少成分，缺少“是否”的意思，故填whether。
4．答案 why
解析 考查表语从句。分析句子可知，is后接的是表语从句，从句中不缺少成分，表示“……的原因”，故填why。
5．答案 Hw
解析 考查主语从句。分析句子可知，has been前为主语从句，从句中不缺少成分，表示“如何，怎样”，故用hw。位于句首，注意首字母大写。故填Hw。
6．答案 wh
解析 考查主语从句。分析句子可知，puzzle前为主语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“谁”，故填wh。
7．答案 that
解析 考查主语从句。分析句子可知，It为形式主语，真正的主语为空后的从句，从句中不缺少成分，且意义完整，故填that。
8．答案 that
解析 考查宾语从句。分析句子可知，suggests后接的是宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分，且意义完整，故填that。
9．答案 when
解析 考查宾语从句。分析句子可知，ask接双宾语，空后为宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分，根据下文可知表示“什么时间”，故填when。
10．答案 because
解析 考查表语从句。分析句子可知，is后接的是表语从句，从句中不缺少成分，表示“原因”，故填because。
1．what引导的名词性从句最显眼
典例 (2019·浙江6月)我写信感谢你为我做的一切。
I’m writing t thank yu fr what yu have dne fr me.
运用 (2021·浙江6月)令我惊讶的是，我爸爸允许我按照我的意愿使用这笔钱。
What surprised me was that my dad allwed me t use the mney as I wished.
2．同位语从句放在开头实力开篇
典例 (2020·浙江7月)听到你请病假回家的消息，我很难过。
I am srry t hear the news that yu have gne back hme n sick leave.
运用 (2021·全国乙)没有人能否认在线学习正变得越来越流行这一事实。
N ne can deny the fact that nline learning is becming mre and mre ppular.
3．表语从句之前的连词要考虑周全
典例 (2016·全国Ⅲ)我很抱歉我不能和你一起按计划去书店了。原因是我那时有一个重要的会要参加。
I’m srry that I can’t g t the bkstre with yu as planned.The reasn is that I have an imprtant meeting t attend then.
运用 (2021·北京)很抱歉，我不能按计划和你出去。原因是我弟弟前几天摔断了腿，我必须照顾他。
I’m srry that I can’t g ut with yu as planned.The reasn is that my yunger brther brke his leg the ther day and I must lk after him.
4．That/This is because/why...灵活简练
典例 (2019·天津6月)我五岁时开始学画画，我非常喜爱绘画。这就是我想让您安排关于西方美术的讲座的原因。
I tk up drawing at the age f five and I’m fnd f painting.This is why I want yu t arrange a lecture n Western art.
运用 (2021·浙江6月)这个展览非常精彩，展示了中国文化的魅力。这就是为什么我想推荐我的同学们也来参加这个艺术展。
The exhibitin is fantastic and shws the charm f Chinese culture.This is why I wuld like t recmmend my fellw students t attend this art shw as well.
5．注意名词性从句与虚拟语气的结合
典例 (2019·北京)我建议你从北京开始，我会带你游览这个城市。
I suggest that yu begin frm Beijing and I will shw yu arund this city.
运用 (2021·上海)我建议你选择听说课程，因为这门课程完全是用中文教授的，这会对你有很大的好处。
I recmmend that yu chse the Listening and Speaking curse，because the curse is entirely taught in Chinese，which will benefit yu a lt.引导词
功能
从属连词
that
在从句中不作任何句子成分，也没有词汇意义
whether，if
在从句中不作任何句子成分，意为“是否”
because，as if/thugh
在从句中不作任何句子成分，分别意为“因为”“好像”
连接代词
wh(ever)，whm(ever)，what(ever)，whse，which(ever)
wh(ever)和what(ever)在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；
whm(ever)在从句中作宾语；
which(ever)在从句中作主语、宾语；
whse在从句中作定语
连接副词
when(ever)，where，wherever，why，hw(ever)
在从句中作状语
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者的同学玛丽的烦恼，她最近胖了很多而且经常生病，向王教授咨询，在王教授的帮助下，通过均衡饮食和运动变得越来越健康。