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外研版 (2019) 英语 必修 第一册 第十七讲语法填空专题学案
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这是一份外研版 (2019) 英语 必修 第一册 第十七讲语法填空专题学案，共12页。
第十七讲 语法填空 专题
【学习目标】
1．了解高中语法填空所考词性。
2．掌握语法填空基础题型技巧。
Ø 命题特点
1.长度： 200词左右。
2.命题形式及考点：
(1)有提示词填空：提示词主要是名词、动词、形容词、副词等。考生需根据上下文填写所提供单词的正确形式。这类试题主要考查的语法内容涉及到动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词的形式、形容词或副词的比较级或最高级、名词的单复数等。
(2)无提示词填空：考生需根据上下文在空格处填入一个合适的词，这类题主要考查冠词、连词、介词等。需要注意的是，连词的考查会涉及到定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句以及并列连词等。一般考察3-4个。
Ø 已给单词提示题型的技巧
此类题可以考查学生对单词形式变化的掌握程度。单词形式变化主要有两种，一是词的形、数、式的变化，一是词的派生变化。在判断出词的变化之后还应该进一步审题，看是否需要使用复合的变化形式，这一点是很重要的。
一、名词形式变化
名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。
例：
There are many students living at school，and the____(child) houses are all far from school．
由students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作为houses的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为child的复合变化形式—— 复数的所有格children’s。
二、动词形式变化
动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气)，有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。
例：
A talk_____(give) tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang.
句中的is written是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tomorrow可以看出，报告是“将来”做的，故用不定式；且报告是give动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式——to be given。
三、代词形式变化
代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如no one／none、other／another等。
例：
The king decided to see the painter by____(he).
由介词by可以看出，横线处应填反身代词himself。
四、形容词、副词比较级变化
英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀-er和-est，或在词前more／most和less／least，且形容词的最高级还要加冠词the。
例：
I am____(tall)than Liu Wen．He is the tallest students in my class．
此题后句交代了Liu Wen是班上最高的学生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表示程度不如的“less tall”。
五、数词形式变化
数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词，或加后缀-teen、-ty的变化，甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式，以及one／two的特殊变化形式 once／twice
例：
To my three sons I leave my seventeen horses．My eldest son shall take a half，my second son shall take a____(three).
从上下文连续起来理解，这是一个分马的计划，大儿子分得a half，也就是“一半”或“二分之一”，那么二儿子应该得“三分之一”，所以要填入作分母的序数词“third”才能命中目标。
六、词的派生
词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的，派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。
例：
Lious lost his wallet yesterday，so he was very____(happiness)．
在这道题中，学生很容易判断出该用形容词；钱包丢了，人应该是不开心的，所以要再加个前缀un，就成了unhappy。
Ø 未给单词提示题型的技巧
此类题难度较大，但也是有方法对付的。
一、固定短语结构
根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语，但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词“视而不见”才能命中答案。
例1：
The children were playing on the ground，enjoying____，dirty but happy.
从句中的happy可以 猜出孩子们是开心的，所以应用enjoy oneself短语，故其答案为themselves。
例2：
His boss was____angry as to fire him．
如果“跳过”横线后面的angry，就可以发现这里用到一个关联短语so...as to...，所以，so是正解。
二、从句引导
从句是此题型最为常见的一个方向，主要检测学生对引导词的掌握程度。
例1：
He did not done_____his father had asked him to do．
审题可知，横线所在为宾语从句的引导词，此引导词在从句中充当宾语，且指物，所以是what。
例2：
Those_____want to go to the village must sign here．
经过观察可以判断横线所在为定语从句的引导词，进一步观察可知先行词为those，且指人，所以只能填入who，在定语从句中作主语。
三、短语动词结构
短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语，此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用的多些。
例1：
The US consists____fifty states．
根据常识可知，美国由50个州组成，故横线处与前一词组合，表示“由......组成”，所以答案是of。
例2：
Mrs Baker was ill，so her daughter had to ask for leave to take_____of her．
生病需要人照顾，所以答案是care，与前后词构成take care of。
四、短语介词结构
短语介词即多个词的组合。起介词作用的短语，如：except for，due to等。
例1：
Mr Smith took a plane to London____of taking a train.
此题中说到两种交通工具，所以可以理解此句有“坐……而不是坐……”的意思，故答案为instead，以构成介词短语instead of。
例2：
Just then，he saw a blackboard in_____of him.
细心观察，可以看出填入front即可构成in front of，答案为front。
五、连词、关联短语结构
常用的连词有and，or，but，so，for，while等，常用的关联短语有both…and...，either…or...，neither…nor...，not only…but also...等。
例1：
Wang Jun could not go to school，_____his family was too poor．
此处表示原因，引导的分句其实是一种解释说明，不是必然的因果关系，且前面有逗号隔开，所以填for。
例2：
____Marrie and Jannie like going to the theatre．
横线处的词与后面可以构成both…and…，故答案为Both。
六、冠词、介词和常用的副词
冠词只能是在a，an，the之间判断；常用的介词有in，at，on，before，during等，通常考查固定搭配；通常考察的副词有：however，never，yet，much等。
例1：
Jackie likes to drive at____ high speed．
这里考查的是不定冠词的习惯用法，答案为a，构成at a high speed，“以高速”开车。
例2：
Old Tom’s granddaughter used to visit him_____Saturday afternoon．
Saturday afternoon是指定的某天下午，所以不用介词in，而用on才是正解。
例3：
Though Liu Qiang did the same work____Zhang Wen did，he got a lower pay______Zhang Wen.
第一条横线可由前面的the same断出用as，第二条横线则可由lower断出比较意义，故答案为than。
例4：
It was only one day left，_____，his father had no idea to answer him．
观察上下句，可以看出是转折关系，且横线与前后用逗号隔开，排除but，所以答案是however。
七、上下文中出现的相关词
这一招是最为灵活的，但也是最难的。学生可以根据上下文关系和自己积累的知识，填入某个已出现的词，或其反义词，或其同类的某个词。
答案的线索可能在本句，可能出现在上下相连的一句，还可能出现在比较远的地方——上下段中与此段位置大体相当的句子。如果该横线出现在某段的首句，则线索可能在上下段的首句；如果横线出现在某段的末句，则线索可能在上下段的末句，以此类推。
例：
Tony____travelling abroad . But he dislikes staying home watching TV．
由第二句话中的dislikes可以判断，此横线处应该是填其反义词likes。
【基础练习】
练习一：
山东省潍坊市2020-2021学年上学期期末考试高一英语试题
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China is widely known for its ancient civilization ___36___ has continued all the way through into modern times. There are many reasons why this has been possible.
At the beginning, written Chinese was ___37___ picture-based language. Ancient Chinese people carved ___38___（ symbol） on animal bones and shells. By the Shang Dynasty, a well-developed writing system had come into being. At that time, people lived in different places,___39___ （ lead） to many varieties of dialects and characters.
Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one country where the Chinese writing system began to develop ___40___one direction. The writing system was of great ___41___（important） in uniting the Chinese people and culture. Even today, wherever Chinese people live or whatever dialect they speak, they can communicate___42___ （free） in writing.
Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China's present is connected with___43___（it） past. People in modem times can read classic works that___44___（write） by Chinese in ancient times. The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form,____45____（ know） as Chinesecalligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture. Today, the Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture.
【答案解析】36. which/that 37. a 38. symbols 39. leading 40. in 41. importance 42. freely 43. its 44. were written 45. known
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了书面汉语的起源、发展过程和对古代和现代的重要意义和作用，是中国文化的重要组成部分。
【36题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：中国因其古代文明而广为人知，直到现代，古代文明也一直在继续流传着。根据句意和分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，关系词指代先行词ancient civilization（指物）并在从句中作主语，故填which/that。
【37题详解】
考查冠词。句意：起初，书面汉语是一种以图画为基础的语言。language为可数名词单数形式，此处泛指“一种语言”，且picture-based发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a。故填a。
【38题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：古代的中国人在动物的骨骸以及贝壳上雕刻符号。根据句意和句中bones和shells可知，雕刻的符号不止一个，应填复数形式。故填symbols。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在那个时期，人们居住在不同的地方，形成了许多种类的方言和文字。分析可知，已有谓语动词lived，且句中无连词，此处使用非谓语形式，此处表示一种自然而然的结果，用用现在分词作结果状语。故填leading。
【40题详解】
考查介词。句意：秦始皇把七个主要地区统一成一个国家，那之后书面汉语系统开始朝着一个方向发展。根据句意可知此处是用固定短语in a direction，意为：“在一个方向上、朝一个方向”。故填in。
【41题详解】
考查名词。句意：这样一个书面汉语系统在凝聚中国人民和中国文化时是很重要的。be of importance=be important为固定用法，意为：重要的。故填importance。
【42题详解】
考查副词。句意：甚至在今天，无论中国人住在哪儿，或是说着什么样的方言，他们都可以以书面的形式灵活自由地沟通。修饰动词communicate用副词，副词freely，自由地，而free也可作副词，但表示“免费地”，不符合句意。故填freely。
【43题详解】
考查形容词性物主代词。句意：书面汉语已经成为连接中国的现在和过去的一种重要方式。修饰名词past用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
【44题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：在现代社会，人民也可以读到由古人书写的作品。根据句意和句子结构分析，that引导定语从句，从句的先行词为classic works，与write之间是被动关系，而且动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，且谓语动词用复数。故填were written。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：书面汉语系统的高度重视可以在汉字发展过程中被看作是一种艺术形式，为人们所熟知的中国书法，已经成为中国文化的一个重要组成部分。be known as为固定短语，意为：作为……而著名。此处省略be，用过去分词作后置定语，故填known。
山东省聊城市2020-2021学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
May Basket Day is a lovely tradition with a long history. 56 (sad), most kids today have never heard of it. If you don’t know what we’re talking about either, here’s the colorful and 57 (attract) history behind this heartwarming custom.
On May Basket Day, people would gather their flowers and arrange them in little baskets 58 candies and treats. Then, They would hang them on the doors of some of their neighbors and 59 (friend).
What’s more. May Basket Day 60 (regard) as a mini-Valentine’s Day in the past because people would often leave the flowers tied to the door of someone 61 they loved. If the receiver caught someone in the act of 62 (hang) a basket on his or her door, he or she would chase the other person and give him or her a kiss.
Kids today might laugh at such 63 idea, but back in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, it was celebrated by many people. In the 1960s, journalists 64 (write) about how few people were still celebrating the day. Now, the tradition is only practiced by small pockets of the country. However, we think that it’s high time
65 (bring) this habit back.
56. Sadly 57. attractive 58. with 59. friends 60. was regarded 61. who/whom/that
62. hanging 63. an 64. wrote 65. to bring
山东省枣庄市2020-2021学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题
第二节(每小题1. 5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Many Chinese students have studied English for about ten years, but most of them cannot even speak English 56 (fluent).
Actually, there are several difficulties 57 have caused this to happen. The main one is fear! Another is the habit of 58 (translate) from Chinese to English and then to change these thoughts 59 spoken words and sentences. We must learn to speak as a child does. When we are learning 60 second language we need to remember how we learned our native language. 61 (learn) to understand and speak a language is one of the first skills a child 62 (develop) . How does a child learn the language? He listens for a time and then he wants 63 (repeat) the words. 64 takes a long time before he knows anything about grammar, spelling or formal sentence structures.
As for language teachers, they should avoid criticism and be very 65 (encourage) and generous with praise.
56. fluently 57. that/which 58. translating 59. into 60. a
61. Learning 62. develops 63. to repeat 64. It 65. encouraging
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
John Ronald Reuel Tolkien, better known as J.R.R. Tolkien, was born in 1892 in South Africa. His parents had moved there looking for 56 better job for his father. Three years 57 (late), his mother took him on a trip to England to visit family. While they were away, they received terrible news that his father had died.
58 (grow) up without a father must have been difficult for Tolkien. Worse still, when he was only twelve years old, his mother also passed away. As a child, he had a great passion for language and in 1908, he went to Oxford University 59 (study) languages and literature. In 1915, he joined the army and fought in the battle against the Germans. But soon, he became too ill to fight and returned 60 England the following year. He wasn't 61 (satisfy) with his childhood, so around in 1933, he spent much time telling his children fantasy 62 (story) of a hobbit（霍比特）called Bilbo. He first put it in writing in 1936, 63 turned out to be a surprising hit. The publisher asked him to write another. He did so and in 1948 published The Lord of the Rings, which 64 (publish) in three volumes between 1954 and 1955.
Tolkien. 65 (age) eighty-one, died in 1973.
56. a 57. later 58. Growing 59. to study
61. satisfied 62. stories 63. which 64. was published 65. aged
山东省滨州市2020-2021学年高一上学期期末英语试题
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A young Tibetan herdsman, 56 name transliterates as Dingzhen in Mandarin, has become a national heartthrob in China after millions of netizens became 57 (fan) of his “clean eyes and pure smile”.
About two weeks ago, a photographer went to Li tang 58 (take) some pictures, and he accidentally shot a video of Dingzhen. In the video, Dingzhen was captured walking in front of his home and 59 (smile) shyly towards the camera. The photographer posted the video on Douyin, and it soon gained two million likes and more than 100,000 comments. Some netizens commented that “the young man’s eyes are full 60 stars and are as pure 61 the blue sky behind him”.
Dingzhen’s sudden popularity made him get 62 large number of fans on China’s social media platforms. When Dingzhen registered a new account on Douyin on November 19, he gained nearly 2 million followers overnight, and his first video 63 (view) about 14 million times in a day.
However, some net users worried that his sudden hit would make his life disturbed, as many netizens have 64 (eager) dug up all the details they can find about the young man. Some entertainment companies intend to employ him. However, Dingzhen refuses and determines to make a living on 65 (he) own.
第二节 语法填空（每题1.5分，与答案不符但符合文意及答题要求且语法无错误的可酌情得分）
56. whose 57. fans 58. to take 59. smiling 60. of
61. as 62. a 63. was viewed 64. eagerly 65. his
练习二
山东省烟台市2020-2021学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Mid-Autumn Festival or the Moon Festival, the second most important festival in China after the Spring Festival, traditionally ___36___ (fall) on the 15th day of the eighth month in the Chinese lunar calendar.
In the past, the Moon Festival ___37___ (observe) at harvest time. Ancient Chinese emperors worshiped (敬奉) the moon in autumn to give thanks ___38___ the harvest. The ordinary people took the Mid-Autumn Festival to be a ___39___ (celebrate) of their hard work and harvest. Nowadays, people mainly celebrate the Moon Festival as a time for family reunions. They have long believed that worshiping the moon and eating together around ___40___ round table will bring them good luck and happiness.
The common customs of the Mid-Autumn Festival include family members eating dinner together, ___41___ (share) mooncakes, worshiping the moon with gifts and displaying lanterns.
Mooncakes are the must-eat Mid-Autumn food in China. Chinese people see the roundness of mooncakes as a symbol of reunion and happiness. Other foods ___42___ (eat) during the festival are harvest foods, such as crabs, pumpkins and grapes. People enjoy them when they are in the ___43___ (fresh) and most nutritious (有营养的) state, and nice meanings are particularly connected with round foods.
Festival food traditions are changing. The younger generation have their own choices about ___44___ they eat. Many of them don’t like mooncakes very much and choose ____45____(enjoy) their favorite foods.
【答案解析】36. falls 37. was observed 38. for 39. celebration 40. a 41. sharing 42. eaten
43. freshest 44. what 45. to enjoy
这是一篇说明文。中秋节，是中国仅次于春节的第二个最重要的节日，传统上是在中国农历8月15日。文章介绍了中秋节的一些习俗和饮食习惯。
【36题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：中秋节，是中国仅次于春节的第二个最重要的节日，传统上是在中国农历8月15日。根据后文“on the 15th day of the eighth month in the Chinese lunar calendar”可知陈述客观事实用一般现在时，且or连接的并列成分作主语时，其谓语通常要与靠近的主语保持一致，即与the Moon Festival保持一致，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填falls。
【37题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：在过去，中秋节是在收获季节庆祝的。根据上文“In the past”可知用一般过去时，主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，故应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为the Moon Festival，谓语动词用单数。故填was observed。
【38题详解】
考查介词。句意：中国古代皇帝在秋天敬奉月亮，以感谢丰收。结合句意表示“感谢……”可知短语为give thanks for。故填for。
【39题详解】
考查名词。句意：普通老百姓把中秋节当作庆祝他们辛勤劳动和丰收的节日。根据上文不定冠词a，可知应填单数名词celebration，作表语。故填celebration。
【40题详解】
考查冠词。句意：他们一直相信敬奉月亮、围坐在圆桌旁吃饭会给他们带来好运和幸福。table为可数名词，此处表泛指应用不定冠词，且round是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，应用a。故填a。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：中秋节的常见习俗包括家庭成员一起吃晚餐，分享月饼，拜月与礼物和展示灯笼。结合句意表示“包括做某事”短语为include doing sth.，与上下文的eating和worshiping 一致，后跟动名词作宾语。故填sharing。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：节日期间吃的其他食物是正值丰收的食物，如螃蟹，南瓜和葡萄。分析句子结构可知eat在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语foods构成被动关系，故应用过去分词作定语。故填eaten。
【43题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：人们喜欢在食物最新鲜、最有营养的状态下吃他们，尤其圆的食物有着好的寓意。根据上文定冠词以及后文“and most nutritious”可知应填形容词最高级freshest，表示“最新鲜的”。故填freshest。
【44题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：年轻一代对于吃什么有他们自己的选择。此处为宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指事物，应用what。故填what。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他们中许多人不太喜欢月饼，选择吃他们最喜欢的食物。结合句意表示“选择做某事”可知短语为choose to do sth.。故填to enjoy。
练习三
2020全国高考卷I
China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 61． (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon’s far side is 62． (extreme) challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 63． it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular 64． (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)， more so 65． the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 66． (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. ＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it 67． (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68． (construct)＂ Data about the moon’s composition, such as how 69． ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 70． (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
【答案解析】61．touched62．extremely63．where64．interest65．than66．to find67．means68．is constructed69．much70．its
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。中国成为第一个将航天器降落在月球背面的国家，文章主要介绍了中国无人月球探测器嫦娥四号发射的意义。
61．考查时态。句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时，故填touched。
62．考查副词。句意：登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging，应使用extreme的副词形式，故填extremely。
63．考查定语从句。句意：中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a spot，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。
64．考查名词。句意：月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular可知，空处应填名词，interest是不可数名词，be of interest to sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。
65．考查介词。句意：因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级more so可知，此处填介词than，表示“比……更”。故填than。
66．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。
67．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“这真的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说：“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知，此处也使用一般现在时，主语是it，所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means，故填means。
68．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句谓语动词，谓语construct与主语the moon之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时，主语the moon是单数，故填is constructed。
69．考查形容词。句意：关于月亮构成的数据，比如它含有多少水和其他财富，可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。ice是不可数名词，应使用much修饰，故填much。
70．考查代词。句意同上。根据空后的名词plans可知，此处应使用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。
第十七讲 语法填空 专题
【学习目标】
1．了解高中语法填空所考词性。
2．掌握语法填空基础题型技巧。
Ø 命题特点
1.长度： 200词左右。
2.命题形式及考点：
(1)有提示词填空：提示词主要是名词、动词、形容词、副词等。考生需根据上下文填写所提供单词的正确形式。这类试题主要考查的语法内容涉及到动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词的形式、形容词或副词的比较级或最高级、名词的单复数等。
(2)无提示词填空：考生需根据上下文在空格处填入一个合适的词，这类题主要考查冠词、连词、介词等。需要注意的是，连词的考查会涉及到定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句以及并列连词等。一般考察3-4个。
Ø 已给单词提示题型的技巧
此类题可以考查学生对单词形式变化的掌握程度。单词形式变化主要有两种，一是词的形、数、式的变化，一是词的派生变化。在判断出词的变化之后还应该进一步审题，看是否需要使用复合的变化形式，这一点是很重要的。
一、名词形式变化
名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。
例：
There are many students living at school，and the____(child) houses are all far from school．
由students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作为houses的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为child的复合变化形式—— 复数的所有格children’s。
二、动词形式变化
动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气)，有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。
例：
A talk_____(give) tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang.
句中的is written是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tomorrow可以看出，报告是“将来”做的，故用不定式；且报告是give动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式——to be given。
三、代词形式变化
代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如no one／none、other／another等。
例：
The king decided to see the painter by____(he).
由介词by可以看出，横线处应填反身代词himself。
四、形容词、副词比较级变化
英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀-er和-est，或在词前more／most和less／least，且形容词的最高级还要加冠词the。
例：
I am____(tall)than Liu Wen．He is the tallest students in my class．
此题后句交代了Liu Wen是班上最高的学生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表示程度不如的“less tall”。
五、数词形式变化
数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词，或加后缀-teen、-ty的变化，甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式，以及one／two的特殊变化形式 once／twice
例：
To my three sons I leave my seventeen horses．My eldest son shall take a half，my second son shall take a____(three).
从上下文连续起来理解，这是一个分马的计划，大儿子分得a half，也就是“一半”或“二分之一”，那么二儿子应该得“三分之一”，所以要填入作分母的序数词“third”才能命中目标。
六、词的派生
词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的，派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。
例：
Lious lost his wallet yesterday，so he was very____(happiness)．
在这道题中，学生很容易判断出该用形容词；钱包丢了，人应该是不开心的，所以要再加个前缀un，就成了unhappy。
Ø 未给单词提示题型的技巧
此类题难度较大，但也是有方法对付的。
一、固定短语结构
根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语，但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词“视而不见”才能命中答案。
例1：
The children were playing on the ground，enjoying____，dirty but happy.
从句中的happy可以 猜出孩子们是开心的，所以应用enjoy oneself短语，故其答案为themselves。
例2：
His boss was____angry as to fire him．
如果“跳过”横线后面的angry，就可以发现这里用到一个关联短语so...as to...，所以，so是正解。
二、从句引导
从句是此题型最为常见的一个方向，主要检测学生对引导词的掌握程度。
例1：
He did not done_____his father had asked him to do．
审题可知，横线所在为宾语从句的引导词，此引导词在从句中充当宾语，且指物，所以是what。
例2：
Those_____want to go to the village must sign here．
经过观察可以判断横线所在为定语从句的引导词，进一步观察可知先行词为those，且指人，所以只能填入who，在定语从句中作主语。
三、短语动词结构
短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语，此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用的多些。
例1：
The US consists____fifty states．
根据常识可知，美国由50个州组成，故横线处与前一词组合，表示“由......组成”，所以答案是of。
例2：
Mrs Baker was ill，so her daughter had to ask for leave to take_____of her．
生病需要人照顾，所以答案是care，与前后词构成take care of。
四、短语介词结构
短语介词即多个词的组合。起介词作用的短语，如：except for，due to等。
例1：
Mr Smith took a plane to London____of taking a train.
此题中说到两种交通工具，所以可以理解此句有“坐……而不是坐……”的意思，故答案为instead，以构成介词短语instead of。
例2：
Just then，he saw a blackboard in_____of him.
细心观察，可以看出填入front即可构成in front of，答案为front。
五、连词、关联短语结构
常用的连词有and，or，but，so，for，while等，常用的关联短语有both…and...，either…or...，neither…nor...，not only…but also...等。
例1：
Wang Jun could not go to school，_____his family was too poor．
此处表示原因，引导的分句其实是一种解释说明，不是必然的因果关系，且前面有逗号隔开，所以填for。
例2：
____Marrie and Jannie like going to the theatre．
横线处的词与后面可以构成both…and…，故答案为Both。
六、冠词、介词和常用的副词
冠词只能是在a，an，the之间判断；常用的介词有in，at，on，before，during等，通常考查固定搭配；通常考察的副词有：however，never，yet，much等。
例1：
Jackie likes to drive at____ high speed．
这里考查的是不定冠词的习惯用法，答案为a，构成at a high speed，“以高速”开车。
例2：
Old Tom’s granddaughter used to visit him_____Saturday afternoon．
Saturday afternoon是指定的某天下午，所以不用介词in，而用on才是正解。
例3：
Though Liu Qiang did the same work____Zhang Wen did，he got a lower pay______Zhang Wen.
第一条横线可由前面的the same断出用as，第二条横线则可由lower断出比较意义，故答案为than。
例4：
It was only one day left，_____，his father had no idea to answer him．
观察上下句，可以看出是转折关系，且横线与前后用逗号隔开，排除but，所以答案是however。
七、上下文中出现的相关词
这一招是最为灵活的，但也是最难的。学生可以根据上下文关系和自己积累的知识，填入某个已出现的词，或其反义词，或其同类的某个词。
答案的线索可能在本句，可能出现在上下相连的一句，还可能出现在比较远的地方——上下段中与此段位置大体相当的句子。如果该横线出现在某段的首句，则线索可能在上下段的首句；如果横线出现在某段的末句，则线索可能在上下段的末句，以此类推。
例：
Tony____travelling abroad . But he dislikes staying home watching TV．
由第二句话中的dislikes可以判断，此横线处应该是填其反义词likes。
【基础练习】
练习一：
山东省潍坊市2020-2021学年上学期期末考试高一英语试题
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China is widely known for its ancient civilization ___36___ has continued all the way through into modern times. There are many reasons why this has been possible.
At the beginning, written Chinese was ___37___ picture-based language. Ancient Chinese people carved ___38___（ symbol） on animal bones and shells. By the Shang Dynasty, a well-developed writing system had come into being. At that time, people lived in different places,___39___ （ lead） to many varieties of dialects and characters.
Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one country where the Chinese writing system began to develop ___40___one direction. The writing system was of great ___41___（important） in uniting the Chinese people and culture. Even today, wherever Chinese people live or whatever dialect they speak, they can communicate___42___ （free） in writing.
Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China's present is connected with___43___（it） past. People in modem times can read classic works that___44___（write） by Chinese in ancient times. The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form,____45____（ know） as Chinesecalligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture. Today, the Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture.
【答案解析】36. which/that 37. a 38. symbols 39. leading 40. in 41. importance 42. freely 43. its 44. were written 45. known
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了书面汉语的起源、发展过程和对古代和现代的重要意义和作用，是中国文化的重要组成部分。
【36题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：中国因其古代文明而广为人知，直到现代，古代文明也一直在继续流传着。根据句意和分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，关系词指代先行词ancient civilization（指物）并在从句中作主语，故填which/that。
【37题详解】
考查冠词。句意：起初，书面汉语是一种以图画为基础的语言。language为可数名词单数形式，此处泛指“一种语言”，且picture-based发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a。故填a。
【38题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：古代的中国人在动物的骨骸以及贝壳上雕刻符号。根据句意和句中bones和shells可知，雕刻的符号不止一个，应填复数形式。故填symbols。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在那个时期，人们居住在不同的地方，形成了许多种类的方言和文字。分析可知，已有谓语动词lived，且句中无连词，此处使用非谓语形式，此处表示一种自然而然的结果，用用现在分词作结果状语。故填leading。
【40题详解】
考查介词。句意：秦始皇把七个主要地区统一成一个国家，那之后书面汉语系统开始朝着一个方向发展。根据句意可知此处是用固定短语in a direction，意为：“在一个方向上、朝一个方向”。故填in。
【41题详解】
考查名词。句意：这样一个书面汉语系统在凝聚中国人民和中国文化时是很重要的。be of importance=be important为固定用法，意为：重要的。故填importance。
【42题详解】
考查副词。句意：甚至在今天，无论中国人住在哪儿，或是说着什么样的方言，他们都可以以书面的形式灵活自由地沟通。修饰动词communicate用副词，副词freely，自由地，而free也可作副词，但表示“免费地”，不符合句意。故填freely。
【43题详解】
考查形容词性物主代词。句意：书面汉语已经成为连接中国的现在和过去的一种重要方式。修饰名词past用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
【44题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：在现代社会，人民也可以读到由古人书写的作品。根据句意和句子结构分析，that引导定语从句，从句的先行词为classic works，与write之间是被动关系，而且动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，且谓语动词用复数。故填were written。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：书面汉语系统的高度重视可以在汉字发展过程中被看作是一种艺术形式，为人们所熟知的中国书法，已经成为中国文化的一个重要组成部分。be known as为固定短语，意为：作为……而著名。此处省略be，用过去分词作后置定语，故填known。
山东省聊城市2020-2021学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
May Basket Day is a lovely tradition with a long history. 56 (sad), most kids today have never heard of it. If you don’t know what we’re talking about either, here’s the colorful and 57 (attract) history behind this heartwarming custom.
On May Basket Day, people would gather their flowers and arrange them in little baskets 58 candies and treats. Then, They would hang them on the doors of some of their neighbors and 59 (friend).
What’s more. May Basket Day 60 (regard) as a mini-Valentine’s Day in the past because people would often leave the flowers tied to the door of someone 61 they loved. If the receiver caught someone in the act of 62 (hang) a basket on his or her door, he or she would chase the other person and give him or her a kiss.
Kids today might laugh at such 63 idea, but back in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, it was celebrated by many people. In the 1960s, journalists 64 (write) about how few people were still celebrating the day. Now, the tradition is only practiced by small pockets of the country. However, we think that it’s high time
65 (bring) this habit back.
56. Sadly 57. attractive 58. with 59. friends 60. was regarded 61. who/whom/that
62. hanging 63. an 64. wrote 65. to bring
山东省枣庄市2020-2021学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题
第二节(每小题1. 5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Many Chinese students have studied English for about ten years, but most of them cannot even speak English 56 (fluent).
Actually, there are several difficulties 57 have caused this to happen. The main one is fear! Another is the habit of 58 (translate) from Chinese to English and then to change these thoughts 59 spoken words and sentences. We must learn to speak as a child does. When we are learning 60 second language we need to remember how we learned our native language. 61 (learn) to understand and speak a language is one of the first skills a child 62 (develop) . How does a child learn the language? He listens for a time and then he wants 63 (repeat) the words. 64 takes a long time before he knows anything about grammar, spelling or formal sentence structures.
As for language teachers, they should avoid criticism and be very 65 (encourage) and generous with praise.
56. fluently 57. that/which 58. translating 59. into 60. a
61. Learning 62. develops 63. to repeat 64. It 65. encouraging
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
John Ronald Reuel Tolkien, better known as J.R.R. Tolkien, was born in 1892 in South Africa. His parents had moved there looking for 56 better job for his father. Three years 57 (late), his mother took him on a trip to England to visit family. While they were away, they received terrible news that his father had died.
58 (grow) up without a father must have been difficult for Tolkien. Worse still, when he was only twelve years old, his mother also passed away. As a child, he had a great passion for language and in 1908, he went to Oxford University 59 (study) languages and literature. In 1915, he joined the army and fought in the battle against the Germans. But soon, he became too ill to fight and returned 60 England the following year. He wasn't 61 (satisfy) with his childhood, so around in 1933, he spent much time telling his children fantasy 62 (story) of a hobbit（霍比特）called Bilbo. He first put it in writing in 1936, 63 turned out to be a surprising hit. The publisher asked him to write another. He did so and in 1948 published The Lord of the Rings, which 64 (publish) in three volumes between 1954 and 1955.
Tolkien. 65 (age) eighty-one, died in 1973.
56. a 57. later 58. Growing 59. to study
61. satisfied 62. stories 63. which 64. was published 65. aged
山东省滨州市2020-2021学年高一上学期期末英语试题
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A young Tibetan herdsman, 56 name transliterates as Dingzhen in Mandarin, has become a national heartthrob in China after millions of netizens became 57 (fan) of his “clean eyes and pure smile”.
About two weeks ago, a photographer went to Li tang 58 (take) some pictures, and he accidentally shot a video of Dingzhen. In the video, Dingzhen was captured walking in front of his home and 59 (smile) shyly towards the camera. The photographer posted the video on Douyin, and it soon gained two million likes and more than 100,000 comments. Some netizens commented that “the young man’s eyes are full 60 stars and are as pure 61 the blue sky behind him”.
Dingzhen’s sudden popularity made him get 62 large number of fans on China’s social media platforms. When Dingzhen registered a new account on Douyin on November 19, he gained nearly 2 million followers overnight, and his first video 63 (view) about 14 million times in a day.
However, some net users worried that his sudden hit would make his life disturbed, as many netizens have 64 (eager) dug up all the details they can find about the young man. Some entertainment companies intend to employ him. However, Dingzhen refuses and determines to make a living on 65 (he) own.
第二节 语法填空（每题1.5分，与答案不符但符合文意及答题要求且语法无错误的可酌情得分）
56. whose 57. fans 58. to take 59. smiling 60. of
61. as 62. a 63. was viewed 64. eagerly 65. his
练习二
山东省烟台市2020-2021学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Mid-Autumn Festival or the Moon Festival, the second most important festival in China after the Spring Festival, traditionally ___36___ (fall) on the 15th day of the eighth month in the Chinese lunar calendar.
In the past, the Moon Festival ___37___ (observe) at harvest time. Ancient Chinese emperors worshiped (敬奉) the moon in autumn to give thanks ___38___ the harvest. The ordinary people took the Mid-Autumn Festival to be a ___39___ (celebrate) of their hard work and harvest. Nowadays, people mainly celebrate the Moon Festival as a time for family reunions. They have long believed that worshiping the moon and eating together around ___40___ round table will bring them good luck and happiness.
The common customs of the Mid-Autumn Festival include family members eating dinner together, ___41___ (share) mooncakes, worshiping the moon with gifts and displaying lanterns.
Mooncakes are the must-eat Mid-Autumn food in China. Chinese people see the roundness of mooncakes as a symbol of reunion and happiness. Other foods ___42___ (eat) during the festival are harvest foods, such as crabs, pumpkins and grapes. People enjoy them when they are in the ___43___ (fresh) and most nutritious (有营养的) state, and nice meanings are particularly connected with round foods.
Festival food traditions are changing. The younger generation have their own choices about ___44___ they eat. Many of them don’t like mooncakes very much and choose ____45____(enjoy) their favorite foods.
【答案解析】36. falls 37. was observed 38. for 39. celebration 40. a 41. sharing 42. eaten
43. freshest 44. what 45. to enjoy
这是一篇说明文。中秋节，是中国仅次于春节的第二个最重要的节日，传统上是在中国农历8月15日。文章介绍了中秋节的一些习俗和饮食习惯。
【36题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：中秋节，是中国仅次于春节的第二个最重要的节日，传统上是在中国农历8月15日。根据后文“on the 15th day of the eighth month in the Chinese lunar calendar”可知陈述客观事实用一般现在时，且or连接的并列成分作主语时，其谓语通常要与靠近的主语保持一致，即与the Moon Festival保持一致，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填falls。
【37题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：在过去，中秋节是在收获季节庆祝的。根据上文“In the past”可知用一般过去时，主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，故应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为the Moon Festival，谓语动词用单数。故填was observed。
【38题详解】
考查介词。句意：中国古代皇帝在秋天敬奉月亮，以感谢丰收。结合句意表示“感谢……”可知短语为give thanks for。故填for。
【39题详解】
考查名词。句意：普通老百姓把中秋节当作庆祝他们辛勤劳动和丰收的节日。根据上文不定冠词a，可知应填单数名词celebration，作表语。故填celebration。
【40题详解】
考查冠词。句意：他们一直相信敬奉月亮、围坐在圆桌旁吃饭会给他们带来好运和幸福。table为可数名词，此处表泛指应用不定冠词，且round是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，应用a。故填a。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：中秋节的常见习俗包括家庭成员一起吃晚餐，分享月饼，拜月与礼物和展示灯笼。结合句意表示“包括做某事”短语为include doing sth.，与上下文的eating和worshiping 一致，后跟动名词作宾语。故填sharing。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：节日期间吃的其他食物是正值丰收的食物，如螃蟹，南瓜和葡萄。分析句子结构可知eat在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语foods构成被动关系，故应用过去分词作定语。故填eaten。
【43题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：人们喜欢在食物最新鲜、最有营养的状态下吃他们，尤其圆的食物有着好的寓意。根据上文定冠词以及后文“and most nutritious”可知应填形容词最高级freshest，表示“最新鲜的”。故填freshest。
【44题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：年轻一代对于吃什么有他们自己的选择。此处为宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指事物，应用what。故填what。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他们中许多人不太喜欢月饼，选择吃他们最喜欢的食物。结合句意表示“选择做某事”可知短语为choose to do sth.。故填to enjoy。
练习三
2020全国高考卷I
China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 61． (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon’s far side is 62． (extreme) challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 63． it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular 64． (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)， more so 65． the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 66． (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. ＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it 67． (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68． (construct)＂ Data about the moon’s composition, such as how 69． ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 70． (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
【答案解析】61．touched62．extremely63．where64．interest65．than66．to find67．means68．is constructed69．much70．its
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。中国成为第一个将航天器降落在月球背面的国家，文章主要介绍了中国无人月球探测器嫦娥四号发射的意义。
61．考查时态。句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时，故填touched。
62．考查副词。句意：登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging，应使用extreme的副词形式，故填extremely。
63．考查定语从句。句意：中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a spot，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。
64．考查名词。句意：月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular可知，空处应填名词，interest是不可数名词，be of interest to sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。
65．考查介词。句意：因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级more so可知，此处填介词than，表示“比……更”。故填than。
66．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。
67．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“这真的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说：“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知，此处也使用一般现在时，主语是it，所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means，故填means。
68．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句谓语动词，谓语construct与主语the moon之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时，主语the moon是单数，故填is constructed。
69．考查形容词。句意：关于月亮构成的数据，比如它含有多少水和其他财富，可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。ice是不可数名词，应使用much修饰，故填much。
70．考查代词。句意同上。根据空后的名词plans可知，此处应使用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。
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