上海市控江中学2021-2022学年高二上学期期中考试英语试卷（含答案）

2021-2022学年上海市控江中学高二上学期期中考试英语试卷

I. Listening Comprehension

略

II. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section A

Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.

21. You are going to marry John? You _________ be serious! You just told me how annoying he was.

A. shouldn't            B. mustn't            C. won't            D. can't

22. Whatever Brad said _________ have made her angry because she totally lost her temper.

A. might           B. must              C. would            D. should

23. Walking alone in the deserted town, John felt his blood running cold. He thought he _________ Tom to go with him.

A. might ask   B. should ask     C. should have asked      D. might have asked

24. A police spokesman said if the man had gone much further in opening the letter, he _________ killed.

A. may be        B. could have been         C. would be         D. should have been

25. _________ his last album was, there are as yet no plans for any follow-ups.

A. Successful as    B. Although successful   

C. Despite success    D. Regardless of success

26. We were sitting in the car outside the house when up the road _________ a tall man.

A. came          B. comes         C. has come            D. did come

27. _________ my keys in my bag than they slipped out of my hand and fell to the ground.

A. I had scarcely found          B. No sooner had I found

C. Hardly had I found           D. In no time had I found

28. -- I've heard from your teacher that your brother has improved his Maths a lot.

  -- _________. Mr Scott says that I can now write a decent solution.

A. So did I        B. So have I       C. So he has          D. So has he

29. The number of prisoners serving life sentences _________ in the region over the last decade.

A. are falling     B. have fallen       C. has fallen         D. is falling

30. Either you or the headteacher _________ the award to the gifted students at the ceremony

A. is presenting    B. are to present     C. are presenting    D. is to present

Section B

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Are Summering and Medaling Annoying?

While many of us in the northern hemisphere may have been away somewhere nice recently, not many of us would say that we've 'summered'. "Summer" is clearly a noun, or (31) _________ (precisely), a "verbified" noun.

Way back in our childhood, we all learned the differences between a noun (person, place or thing) and a verb (action word). (32) _________ such a tidy definition, it was easy to spot the difference. Not so in adulthood, where we are expected to "foot" bills, "chair" committees, and "dialogue" with political opponents. Chances are you don't feel uncomfortable at the sight of those (33) _________ (verb) nouns.

"The verbing of nouns is as old the English language", says Patricia O' Conner, a former editor at the The New York Times Book Review. Experts estimate that 20 percent of all English verbs were originally nouns. And the phenomenon seems (34) _________ (snowball). Since 1900, about 40 percent of all new verbs have come from nouns.

(35) _________ _________ conversion（转化）is quite universal, plenty of grammarians object to the practice, William Strunk Jr. and E. B. White, in The Elements of Style -- the Bible for the use of American English -- have this to say: "Many nouns lately (36) _________ (press) into service as verbs. Not all are bad, but all are suspect." The Chicago Manual of Style takes a similar standpoint, (37) _________ (advise) writers to use verbs in this way cautiously, if at all."

So are there any rules fro verbing? Benjamin Dreyer, copy chief at Random House, doesn't offer a rule, but suggests that people thin twice about "verbifying" a noun if it's easily replaceable by (38) _________ already existing popular verb. Make sure it is descriptive but not silly sounding, he says.

In the end, however, style is subjective. If I invite you to "Facebook" me, you'll know exactly (39) _________ I mean. I suppose I could ask you to contact me on Facebook or to connect with me on Facebook, but why bother? "Facebook me" is easy to say. Easy conversion of nouns to verbs has been part of English grammar for centuries; it is one of the processes (40) _________ make English "English". Not every coinage passes into general use, but as for trying to end verbing together, forget it.

III. Vocabulary

Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

(A)

A successful translator must have an excellent, up-to-date knowledge of his source language, full facility in the handling of his __41__ language, which will be his mother tongue or language of habitual use, and a knowledge of the latest subject-matter in his fields of specialization. This is his professional __42__. In addition to this, it is desirable that he should have a(n) __43__ mind, wide interests, a good memory and the ability to grasp quickly the basic principles of new developments. He should be willing to work on his own, often at high speeds, but should be __44__ enough to consult others should his own knowledge not always prove adequate to the task in hand. He should be able to type fairly quickly and __45__ and, if he is working basically as an information translator, let us say, for an industrial firm, he should have the flexibility of mind to enable him to switch __46__ from one source language to another, as well as from one-subject-matter to another, since this ability is frequently required of him in such work. Bear in mind the nature of the translator's work, i. e. the __47__ of the written word; it is, strictly speaking, unnecessary that he should speak the language he is dealing with. If he does speak them, it is a(n) __48__ rather than a drawback, but this skill is in many ways a luxury that makes no much difference to him. It is, however, __49__ that he should have a rough idea about the pronunciation of his source languages, even if this is restricted to __50__ how proper names and place names are pronounced.

(B)

Honey Bees Remember Happy and Sad Times

While the brains of honey bees are tiny, the insects are capable of some surprisingly advanced thinking. A study published in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society has now cast new __51__ on the insect's cognitive abilities.

A team of researchers from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign found that honey bees can remember positive and negative __52__ -- such as taking care of their young or fending off an enemy. These memories are stored in specific areas of their brains, according to how good or bad they are.

Scientists have long known that vertebrates -- animals with tail bones -- like ourselves are capable of sorting memories of pleasure and pain in __53__ brain areas such as this. However, this has never been documented before in the minds of bees.

"We found that bees __54__ different parts of their brain to processing social information that is either negative or positive," Gene Robinson, an author of the study, told Newsweek. "This discovery is __55__given how small their brains are; we did not expect such spatial separation of social information of different valence. Valence is a term used in psychology when discussing emotions to refer to the intrinsic（内在的）positivity or negativity of an event, object, or situation.

In the study, the researchers looked at regions of the honey bee brain that's __56__ in other invertebrates（非脊柱动物）, referred to as "mushroom bodies," which are associated with sensory processing, learning and memory. They __57__ the expressions of genes following aggressive or collaborative social interactions, demonstrating that different parts of the these mushroom bodies were specially activated depending on the valence of the interaction -- in other words, whether the interaction was harmful or __58__.

"These findings can help us better understand 'biological embedding（嵌入）,' or how social information 'gets under skin' to affect the behavior,' he said. "Biological embedding is an important issue in understanding health and __59__ in humans."

Furthermore, because the type of memory that the researchers documented is __60__ in the brains of vertebrates, the latest findings demonstrated a link between vertebrate and invertebrate cognition despite the two animal groups diverging（分岔）in evolutionary terms around 600 million years ago.

IV. Reading Comprehensions

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Biodiversity is a concept that's commonly referenced, yet regularly misunderstood. The complex (61) _________ not only refers to the unbelievable variety of life on Earth, but to how everything from genes to entire ecosystems interact to make the planet habitable. The bad news: science shows that biodiversity is (62) _________ worldwide at a faster rate than at any time in human history. That's obviously devastating for everything in nature -- including us.

"If biodiversity disappears, so do people." says Dr. Stephen Woodley, field ecologist and bio-diversity expert with the International Union for Conservation of Nature. "We are part of the (63) _________ and we do not exist without it."

Preventing such a catastrophe（灾难）, says Woodley, begins with understanding why biodiversity is declining and then taking action to (64) _________ course.

"The two greatest (65) _________ to biodiversity loss are habitat loss, primarily on land, and over-exploitation, primarily in the ocean." Woodley says. He explains that we can solve these problems by permanently (66) _________ more lands and oceans and managing them for their conservation values.

That's the mission of the global Campaign for Nature, a partnership of the Wyss Foundation and the National Geographic Society. Instead of simply protecting 30 percent of the Earth, the (67) _________ also encourage nations, in full partnership with local communities, to focus on the right 30 percent. Those areas, says Woodley, (68) _________ the most important biodiversity, such as endangered species and ecosystems and rare species and ecosystems.

The campaign also recognizes the importance of (69) _________ local rights. Local people manage or hold tenure（保有权）over lands that support about 80 percent of the world's biodiversity, making it (70) _________ for these communities to be full partners in developing and implementing strategies.

(71) _________, protecting the health of key biodiversity areas is vital for tackling climate change, says National Geographic Explorer-in-Residence Dr. Enric Sala. "Pairing the international Paris Agreement to combat climate change," Sala's paper asserts, "would (72) _________ catastrophic climate change, conserve species, and secure essential ecosystem services."

"Biodiversity is stability," says Sala. "Trees, wetlands, grasslands, peat bogs（泥炭沼泽）, salt marshes（盐浴）, healthy ocean ecosystems, mangroves（红树林）, and plants (73) _________ much of the carbon pollution humans put into the atmosphere. Yet, right now, less than half of the planet is in its natural state, which isn't enough." Bottom line: Nature needs us to act now. "Moving to Mars is not a(n) (74) _________," Sala adds. "The only conditions for our life and for the prosperity of human society are here on Earth ... we are (75) _________ protecting it".

61. A. argument   B. term             C. structure            D. problem

62. A. altering      B. developing        C. stabilizing           D. worsening

63. A. ecosystem    B. threat            C. cycle               D. procedure

64. A. affect        B. change           C. reverse             D. continue

65. A. aspects      B. contributors       C. consequences        D. occasions

66. A. acquiring    B. protecting         C. exploiting           D. possessing

67. A. management  B. announcement      C. campaign     D. competition

68. A. consume     B. destroy            C. lose               D. contain

69. A. denying     B. enjoying          C. ignoring            D. respecting

70. A. essential    B. simple             C. temporary          D. profitable

71. A. Besides   B. However          C. Thus              D. Otherwise

72. A. witness      B. detect            C. confirm            D. avoid

73. A. measure     B. absorb            C. survive            D. prevent

74. A. mission    B. decision           C. option            D. exploration

75. A. worried about   B. confident in        C. responsible for      D. good at

Section B

Directions: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

The traditional tent cities at festivals such as Glastonbury may never be the same again. In a victory of green business that is certain to appeal to environmentally-aware music-lovers, a design student is to receive financial support to produce eco-friendly tents made of cardboard that can be recycled after the bands and the crowds have gone home.

Major festivals such as Glastonbury throw away some 10,000 abandoned tents at the end of events each year. For his final year project at the University of the West of England, James Dun-lop came up with a material that can be recycled. And to cope with the British summer, the cardboard has been made waterproof.

Taking inspiration from a Japanese architect who has used cardboard to make big buildings, including churches, Mr. Dun-lop used cardboard material for his tents which he called Myhabs.

The design won an award at the annual New Designers Exhibition after Mr. Dun-lop graduated from his product design degree and he decided to try to turn it into a business.

To raise money for the idea, he toured the city's private companies which fund new business and found a supporter in the finance group Mint. He introduced his idea to four of Mint's directors and won their support. Mint has committed around £500,000 to Myhabs and taken a share of 30 percent in Mr. Dun-lop's business. The first Myhabs should be tested at festivals this summer before being marketed fully next year.

Mr. Dun-lop said that the design, which accommodates two people could have other uses such as for disaster relief and housing for the London Olympics.

For music events, the cardboard houses will be ordered online and put up at the sites by the Myhabs team before the festival-goers arrive and removed by the company afterwards. They can be personalized and the company will offer reductions on the expense if people agree to sell exterior（外部的）advertising space.

The biggest festivals attract tens of thousands of participants with Glastonbury having some 150,000 each year. Altogether there are around 100 annual music festivals where people camp in the UK. The events are becoming increasingly environmentally conscious.

76. The highlighted phrase "eco-friendly tents" in Paragraph 1 refer to tents _______.

A. economically desirable             B. favorable to the environment

C. for holding music performances      D. designed for disaster relief

77. Mr. Dun-lop established his business _________.

A. independently with an interest free loan from Mint

B. with the approval of the City's administration

C. with the help of a Japanese architect

D. in partnership with a finance group

78. It is implied in the passage that _________.

A. the weather in the UK is changeable in summer

B. most performances at British festivals are given in the open air

C. the cardboard tents produced by Mr. Dun-lop can be user-tailored

D. cardboard tents can be easily put up and removed by users

79. The tents _________ according to the passage.

A. have good commercial value           

B. can't resist water

C. are only for open air festivals           

D. are promoted strongly by the UK government.

(B)

Science fiction paints a future where robots play an important part in everyday life. A technology firm is trying to make that future a reality today with an affordable robot called Artibo. Artibo is small. Its brain, or AI block, is a cube（立方体）that fits in your hand. That block connects to a motor block and two silicon wheels. Assembled, it's about four inches tall.

Artibo is much more than just a robot that you program to move around. Artibo's designers want it to provide companionship and be a resource for learning coding. With its camera, microphone and connection to a cloud-based AI, it can respond to voice commands or function like a walkie-talkie（对讲机）. It talks like a chat-bot and can tall bedtime stories. It can even help you learn other languages!

Artibo isn't quite ready for stores yet, though. It's part of a crowdfunding project. Crowdfunding is a program where you put a request online to a crowd of people. Supporters can then pay large or small amounts to help you finish a project. Artibo will first be available to people who have paid to help bring it into production.

Using computer code to program your own toys is nothing new. LEGO first released a robot kit in 1998. Since then, programmable robots have become one of the best-selling units in the LEGO product line. Programming robots might sound comparable to rocket science, but anyone can program one using nothing more than a tablet or a smartphone and code blocks.

Code blocks allow you to program simple or complex commands by assembling visual blocks of code on the canvas（画布）of a computer screen. Just drag and drop a variety of code blocks from a programming menu, link them together, and watch how you robot responds. In Artibo's case coding doesn't stop there. Unlike other similar programmable toys, Artibo will also allow you to write your own code. So as your familiarity with coding increases, you won't lose interest in Artibo.

80. According to the passage, the purpose of developing Artibo is _________.

A. helping people learn anything they want and providing companionship

B. providing a robot that can move, accompany and help people learn coding

C. chatting with people, telling bedtime stories and supplying languages.

D. helping people raise money on line and creating programmable robots

81. What can be concluded from the passage?

A. Programming robots is not really complicated.

B. Programming robots is advanced like a rocket.

C. Programming robots can be used in smartphones.

D. Programming robots used to toys is not new at all.

82. The passage implies that _________.

A. people can programme various orders even without code blocks

B. anyone can control Artibo freely unlike other programming toys

C. the more familiar you're with coding, the more you'll like Artibo

D. Artibo is popular in the world especially among young people

(C)

Animal-rights activists often complain that cute beasts get more sympathy than equally deserving ugly ones. If so, one would think a lovely creature like the mink（貂）would be easy to protect. Yet in the Netherlands, mink is the only animal that can still legally be farmed for their fur. That is about to change. On August 28th the government brought forward to March a ban on mink-farming that had been scheduled to take effect in 2024. The timetable was sped up not because mink had become more adorable, but because they can contract COVID-19 and spread it to humans.

Dutch farmers normally raised about 2.5 million minks a year, making the Netherlands the world's fourth-largest producer after Denmark, China and Poland. In April, a couple of minks and the all hands who tended them were diagnosed with COVID-19. Genetic tracing showed that at least two workers had probably been infected by mink, rather than the other way around. The affected animals were destroyed and stricter hygiene rules imposed, but by summer the virus had spread to third of the country's farms. In June, parliament voted to shut down the industry as soon as possible, and the cabinet agreed.

That was a win for the Netherland's Party for the Animals, which has four seats in the 150-member parliament. In 2013, it helped pass the law that gave mink farmers until 2024 to get out of the business. Now the party and its supporters object to the generous compensation（补偿）the government has offered for bringing forward the deadline: $150 million, or $1 million per farmer. Some members of parliament claim that the compensation paid for destroying the infected minks was higher than the market price for their fur.

Fur farmers say modern standards allow minks to be raised humanely, and that they are not a big reason for the spread of the virus. But minks tend to live by themselves instead of living in groups: animals-rights advocates say they cannot be raised humanely in small cages. As for COVID-19, the worry is that mink could serve as a medium for it to attack human immunization（免疫）programs. The industry's value is modest (framers put it at $150 million-$200 million, activists at under $100 million), and polls show the public overwhelmingly opposes it "In a democratic country, that widespread belief has to translate into a political decision to ban fur farming," says Esther Ouwehand, leader of the Party for the Animals. The framers accept they are shutting down. The remaining argument is over money.

83. According to the passage, why did animal-activists have an unexpected win for protecting minks?

A. Because mink's cute appearance won people's heart.

B. Because the farmers stopped raising minks, considering the great reward.

C. Because the government carried out an act earlier than planned.

D. Because the minks could act as a host for an infectious disease.

84. What does the writer mean by saying "the other way around" in paragraph 2?

A. The farm-raised minks were born with the virus.

B. The minks contracted covid-19 from their caregiver.

C. The farmers were infected with covid-19 by minks.

D. The affected minks had contact with the virus in nature.

85. Esther Ouwehand and his party members supported the following statements EXCEPT _________.

A. Minks can be easily bred by humans without bringing any harm to them.

B. The amount of money to make up for the loss of the mink farmers was too high.

C. People's objection to fur industry is a min reason behind this governmental decision.

D. It is acceptable to shut down mink fur industry because it doesn't make much money.

86. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?

A. Cuteness wins .         B. Winter for minks.

C. An Unexpected Win.     D. Farmers vs. Activists.

Section C

Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

How good are you at saying "no"? For many, it's surprisingly difficult. ______87______ Consider these scenes:

It's late in the day. That front-page package you've been working on is nearly complete: one last edit and it's finished. Then enters the executive editor, who makes a suggestion requiring a more-than-modest rearrangement of the design and the addition of an information box. You want to scream: "No! It's done!" What do you do?

The first rule of saying no to the boss is "don't say no." ______88______ The second rule is "don't raise the risks by chanllenging his authority." That issue is already decided. The third rule is "to be ready to cite options and consequences." The boss's suggestions might be appropriate, but there are always consequences. He might not know about the pages backing up that attention, or about the designer who had to go home sick. Tell him he can have what he wants, but explain the consequences. Understand what he's trying to accomplish and propose a Plan B that will make it happen without destroying what you've done so far.

Here's another case. Your least-favorite reporter suggests a dumb story idea. ______89______ If you say no, even politely, you risk holding back further ideas, not just from that reporter, but from others who heard that you turned down the idea. This case is common in newsrooms that lack a systematic way to filter（过滤）story suggestions.

Two steps are necessary. First, you need a system for how stories are proposed and reviewed. Reporters can tolerate rejection of their ideas if they believe they were given a fair hearing. Your natural reaction and strong rejection, even of a worthless idea, might not qualify as systematic or fair.

Second, the people you work with need to negotiate a "What if ...?" agreement covering "What if my idea is turned down?" How are people expected to react? Is there an appeal process? Can they perfect the idea and resubmit it? ______90______

V. Summary Writing

Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Perhaps you've heard the old saying "curiosity killed the cat." It's a phrase that's often used to warn people -- especially children -- not to ask too many questions. Yet it's widely agreed that curiosity actually makes learning more effective. In fact, research has shown that curiosity is just as important as intelligence in determining how well students do in school.

Curiosity can also lead us to make unexpected discoveries, bring excitement into our lives, and open up new possibilities. In science, basic curiosity-driven research can have unexpected important benefits. For example, one day in 1831, Michael Faraday was playing around with a coil（线圈）and a magnet（磁铁）when he suddenly saw how he could produce an electrical current. The discovery changed the world.

However, curiosity is currently under the biggest threat, coming from technology. On one level, this is because technology has become so advanced that many of us are unable to think too deeply about how exactly things work anymore.

In addition to this, there's the fact that we all now connect so deeply with technology, particularly with our phones. The more we stare at our screens, the less we talk to other people directly. All too often we accept the images of people that social media provides us with. Then we feel we know enough about a person not to need to engage further with them.

The final -- and perhaps most worrying -- way in which technology stops us from asking more has to do with algorithms（算法）, the processes followed by computers. As we increasingly get our news via social media, algorithms find out what we like and push more of the same back to us. That means we end up inside our own little bubbles, no longer coming across new ideas. Perhaps the real key to developing curiosity in the 21 st century, then, is to rely less on the tech tools of our age.

VI. Translation

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

92. 我想知道，个人成功的关键因素是超群的智力还是不断的努力和坚定的信念。(wonder)

93. 这部以真实故事为基础的电影获得了大奖，故事中突如其来的森林大火严重威胁到当地居民的生命和财产安全。(where)

94. 直到20世纪60年代才出现确凿的科学依据，经常做一些慷慨的行为会对人们的情绪健康产生奇效。(It was ...)

95. 政府采取积极行动呼吁市民们回收和再利用材料是至关重要的，因为此举不仅保护了自然资源，而且有助于创造新的就业机会。(not only引导倒装句)

参考答案

语法选择

21-25DBCBA.    26-30ABBCD

语法填空

31. more precisely.   32. With.  33. verbed.  34. to be snowballing   35. Even if

36. have been pressed.  37. advising.  38. an    39. what.  40. that

选词填空

(A) 41. I.   42.K.  43. E.   44. D.   45. A    46. H.  47. G.  48. B.  49. C.  50.  F

(B) 51. D.  52. I.   53. F.  54. J.  55. K.   56. B  57. C    58. G   59. H.  60. A

完形填空

61-65BDACB.   66-70BCDDA.  71-75ADBCC

阅读理解

(A) 76. B.   77. D.   78. C    79. A

(B) 80. B.   81. D.  82. C

(C) 83. C.   84. B.  85. A.  86. B

六选四

87. D.  88. C.  89. A.  90. F

91.略

92. I wonder if the key to personal success is superior intelligence or constant effort and conviction.

93. The true-story-based film, where the sudden forest fires seriously threatened the lives and property of local residents, won a grand prize.

94. It was not until the 1960s that solid scientific evidence emerged, and often doing some generous behavior would work wonders for people's emotional well-being.

95. It is vital for the government to call on citizens to recycle and reuse materials, as not only does it protect natural resources, but also helps to create new jobs.