所属成套资源:高中英语新高考语法二轮复习讲义 知识点总结整理
高中英语新高考语法二轮复习讲义(23)虚拟语气知识点总结整理
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这是一份高中英语新高考语法二轮复习讲义(23)虚拟语气知识点总结整理,共8页。
高中英语新高考语法一轮复习讲义(23)虚拟语气知识点总结整理英语中的语气分为陈述语气、疑问语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气四类。虚拟语是一种表示假设状态的句型,是一种特殊的动词形式;表示所说的话不是一个事实,而只是说话者的一种假设,主观愿望,建议,猜测或不大可能实现的空想。根据虚拟语气的特点我将其分成了四大块,请往下看。 虚拟语气用在条件状语从句中
根据时态的不同,主从句的谓语动词可分为以下3种情况1.与现在事实相反的虚拟语气——过去时与现在事实相反的虚拟语气句型:If+主语+动词的一-般过去时,主语+ should\would\could\ might\ought to+动词原形例: If he were here, I would beat him (如果他在这里,我会揍他)例:If he studied harder,he might pass the exam(如果他努力学习,他可能通过考试了)
使用要点:不论主语为第几人称,if从句中的be动词均用were;主句中的助动词一定为过去时,且后面接动词原形例1:If I were you ,I would beat him 例2:If he were here,I would beat him2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气——过去完成时与过去事实相反的虚拟语气句型:If+主语+had+P.P,主语+would\should\could\might \ought to+ have + P.P例: If he had got here earlier, he would have met her(如果他早到,他可能会见到她)使用此句型时从句中会出现had had 的情况,同学们要注意区分had与had had区别例1:If he had money,he would buy a car.(如果他有钱,他会买辆车)此句中had为一般过去时动词,翻译为“有”例2:If he had had money,he would have bought a car(如果他那时有钱,他就会买辆车)此句中第一个had为过去完成时助动词,第二个had为have(有)的过去分词。3. 与将来事实相反的虚拟语气——主句用过去时,与将来事实相反的虚拟语气句型:If+主语+should+原形动词,主语+ should\would\could\might\ought to+原形动词例:If it should rain,the game would be put off(如果下雨,比赛会推迟)使用要点:if从句一定要加助动词should,if……should翻译为“万一”;注意① 表示与真理相反的虚拟语气的结构从句:if + 主语 + were to do,主句:主语 + should/would/could/might/ought to例:真理:The sun dose't rise in the west假设:If the sun were to rise in the west,how surprised people would be(如果太阳从西边升起,人们会多么吃惊啊)② 在虚拟语气的if从句中,若有过去完成时助动词had,或表“万一”的should或是were出现时,可将这三个词提前,将if省略例:should it rain(if it should rain),the game would be put off.万一下雨,比赛就会推迟Had he done it(if he had done it),he would have felt sorry.如果他当时做了这件事,他会后悔的 使用虚拟语气的常见结构或从句:1.wish之后接宾语从句时一定要使用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反用一般过去时例:I wish he were here(我真希望他现在就在这里)例:I wish I knew everything in the world.(我希望了解世界的一切)与过去事实相反用过去完成时I wish (that) she had been here(我真希望她当时就在这里)I wish that I could have gone with you last night.(我真希望昨晚能和你一起去)注意:hope 之后也常接宾语从句,但hope一般表示可以实现的愿望,宾语从句用陈述语气,wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。2. if only用于与现在或过去相反的虚拟语气中if only(要是……就好了)与I wish一样,也用于表示与事实相反的愿望,其后所虚拟语气的时态与wish后所接时态的情况相同与现在事实相反:If only he were here(他现在要是在就好了)与过去事实相反:If only I had known it earlier(我要是早知道就好了) 3.I would rather后用与现在或过去相反的虚拟语气在would rather,would sooner后的that从句中,句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气,表示"宁愿做什么"一般过去时表现在或将来的愿望:I'd rather you came next Saturday(我希望你下周来)过去完成时表对过去的愿望:I would rather (that)I had studied harder when young(我真希望年轻的时候多努力学习)4.as if(though)从句有时用虚拟语气以as if(as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句,有时用虚拟语气。如果主句谓语动词为现在时,从句谓语多用过去时;如果主句谓语为过去时,从句谓语多用过去完成时。even if,even though 等所引导的让步状语从句用法一样。例:Mr. Wangle loves me as if I were his own child(王先生爱我就像我是他的孩子一样,与现在事实相反)例:The old worker works as though he were a young man.(这个老员工工作起来就像个年轻人)例:Even if he were here himself,he should not know what to do(即使他亲自来他也不知道做什么)5.常用的介词或介词短语表虚拟条件主要有without(没有),but for(要不是),in the absence of(如果没有)或were it not for(要是没有),but that(假设……不)等例1:But for his help,I couldn't have done it(要不是没有他的帮助,我无法办这事)例2:In the absence of gravity, there would be no air around the earth.(如果没有重力,地球上不会有空气)
从句中should+动词原形的虚拟结构(should可省略)1. 在lest,for fear that(以免),in case(以防)引导的目的状语从句中的虚拟语气lest引导状语从句,助动词一律用should但常省略,for fear that后跟助动词may/might例:I got up early lest I (should) miss the train.= I got up early for fear that I might miss the train(我早起以免错过班车) 2. 意志类动词后的宾语从句表建议、要求、命令、规定、主张等的意志类动词之后用that从句作宾语时that从句中要用shoud但should常省略例:They suggested that he (should ) come home on time(他们建议他准时回家)
例:The commander ordered that the soldier(should) fire at the enemy.(指挥官命令士兵攻击敌人) 3. order, suggestion, idea, plan, proposal, advice, demand等名词后的表语从句或同位语从句,也用虚拟语气表语从句:Our suggestion is that you(should)be the first to go.我们的建议是你应该第一个去。同位语从句:The professor gave order that the test (should)be finished before 7:30.教授说考试在7点30之前结束It is my suggestion that he (should) study abroad.(我建议他出国念书)什么?不知道什么是表语从句和同位语从句?去看第4期《名词性从句》
4. 表示“有必要的”形容词修饰that从句这类形容词常有necessary、important、essential、imperative、urgent、desirable、advisable及recommendable,例:It is necessary that he (should)work hard(他必须努力工作)I think it essential that he (should) finish it bofore leaving(我认为他离开之前必须做完这件事)It's time(high time ,about time) + that的一般过去时that从句谓语通常用过去式表示(早)该干某事了例:It is time that he went to bed(是时候他该睡觉了)例:It is high time that you left.(是时候你该走了)注:如果主语是单数第一,三人称,动词 be常用 was 。It is time that I was left(该是我离开的时间了)表祝福的话语也用虚拟语气例1:May you be happy all your life(愿你一生幸福)例2:l hope that you may have understood this essay(我希望你能理解这篇文章)例3:If only all of you knew what I said (要是你们都明白我说的就好了)
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