高中英语新高考语法二轮复习讲义（22）被动语态知识点总结整理

高中英语新高考语法一轮复习讲义（22）被动语态知识点总结整理英语语态只有两种，主动语态和被动语态，被动语态也是动词的一种形式，且形成被动语态的动词一定是及物动词。要想正确地使用被动语态，我们就得会区分哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的，特别是一词多义的动词，不知道怎么区分的可以看动词的分类.主动语态与被动语态的区别：主语是动作的发出者为主动语态例：He killed her（他杀了她）主语是动作的接受者为被动语态例：She was killed by him（她被他杀了） 被动语态的构成在16种时态中，有几种时态没有或无法形成被动语态，因此现代英语中常用的被动语态只有10种分别举例说明： 一般时一般现在时的被动语态：主语 + be/is/sre + p.p(动词的过去分词，下同）He is loved by everyone（他受到大家的爱戴）
 I am asked to study hard（我被要求努力学习）一般过去时的被动语态：主语 + was + P.PThe book was written by him（这本书是他写的）He was seen dancing yesterday（他昨天跳舞被看到了）
 一般将来时的被动语态：主语 + will  be +P.PThe naughty boy will be punished by his mother（这个顽皮的男孩会被他妈妈惩罚）He will be elected president next year（下一年他将会被选为主席）一般过去将来时的被动语态：主语 + would  be + P.PHe said he would be dispatched to Syria.（他说他会被派遣到叙利亚）  进行时 进行时只有两种时态能形成被动语态现在进行时的被动语态：主语 + be/is/are  being + P.PPrisoners are being judged（犯人正在被审判）My bike is being repaired （我的自行车正在修理当中）过去进行时的被动语态：主语 + was/were  being + P.PThe stadium was being built that time.（那时体育场正在建设当中） 完成时现在完成时的被动语态：主语 + have/has  been + P.PThis book has been translated into many languages.（这本书被翻译成很多语言）过去完成时的被动语态：主语 + had  been + P.PThe hostages had been released when police arrived（警察到时人质已经被释放了）将来完成时的被动语态：主语 + will + have  been + P.PHe will have been judged by the time you arrived到这里我们已经知道了9种时态的被动语态，还有一种不常用的过去将来完成时，大家了解即可过去将来完成时的被动语态：主语 + would have been + P.PI said that some delicious sandwiches would have been made by the time we got back.（我说了我们回来时美味的三明治已经做好了）注意：
 ① 带有助动词的句子转化为被动语态时，这些助动词或情态动词要根据新主语做相应的变化，例：主动：We shall not use the washing machine again.被动：The washing machine will not be used again.（洗衣机不能再用了）② 带有双宾语的授予动词，其被动语态有两种，当直接宾语作为主语时，间接宾语前面加上相应的介词(to/for/of/on)。例：I gave him a book （主动）He was given a book by me (被动）A book was given to him by me（被动）（我给了他一本书）③ 否定句主动语态变为被动语态，be动词之后加not主动语态：They do not love him被动语态：He is not loved by them（他们不爱他） 我们知道了被动语态的表达方式，那么什么情况下使用被动语态呢？使用被动语态的情况①当强调动作的承受者时例: This book was written by Lu Xun .这本书是鲁迅写的②没有必要说出动作的执行者或根本不知道动作的执行者是谁时例: The window was broken .窗子被打破了③当动作的执行者不是人而是无生命的事物时例: The window glass was broken by a stone .窗户玻璃是被石头打碎的。