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高中英语新高考语法二轮复习讲义(25)倒装句的种类及用法知识点总结整理
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高中英语新高考语法一轮复习讲义(25)倒装句的种类及用法知识点总结整理英语最基本的语序是主语在前,谓语动词在后。但有时由于句子结构的需要或表示强调,就要采用倒装形式。倒装句分为完全倒装和部分倒装。将谓语动词完全移到主语之前称为完全倒装,只将助动词或情态动词移到主语之前称为部分倒装。完全倒装常见结构及用法全部倒装是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有:
1. 以地点副词(here,there)、时间副词(now,then)开头的句子,主语是普通名词,用全部倒装。例:There comes the bus!(公交车来了)Then came the chairman.(之后主席来了)注意:如果句子的主语是代词时,则不倒装。Here we are.(我们到了)Here you are (给你)2. 表方位的地点副词(介副词)如out、in、up、down、away、off等,为了使句子更生动,常将这些副词提前到句首,这时用全部倒装。例1:In walked a boy.(一个男孩走了进来)例2:Off dashed the car.(汽车飞驰而去)注意:句子的主语是代词时,则不倒装。 例:In he walked.(他走了进来) 3. 地点副词短语(如:in the room、at the station、by the window)等放在句首进行强调时,使用全部倒装。 例: From the window came the sound of music.(窗外传来悠扬的音乐)注:若主语为代词,不宜使用倒装He stood in the front of the house .(佳)In front of the house he stood(劣)他站在家门口4. 表语类。当句子主语部分较长为了保持句子平衡,或为了强调表语部分, 将作表语的形容词、分词、介词短语置于句首时,需完全倒装。句子的结构为“表语+系动词+主语”。例1: Gone are the days when we had nothing to eat.(没有东西吃的日子已经过去了)例2:Inside the parcel was a letter.(包裹里有一封信) 部分倒装的结构及用法 只将助动词或情态动词移到主语之前称为部分倒装。若没有助动词或情态动词,则需根据时态及人称在主语之前置助动词do、does或did,再将动词变为原型动词。适合部分倒装的结构:1. 以had/were/should 开头省略 if 的虚拟条件句,从句需用部分倒装。例:Were I you, I would go there. 2. 具有否定意义的副词、否定副词短语置于句首时,用部分倒装。否定副词或否定副词短语置于句首要部分倒装否定副词:never, hardly, scarcely, rarely, seldom, little否定副词短语:By no means, in no way, on no account, only +介词短语,only... then,not only... but also, only when, not until, nosooner... than等例1:Never is he happy(他从不快乐)例2:By no means is he the person we need(他绝对不是我们需要的人)例3:Not only does he do well in his lessons, but also he often helps others with their lessons. 3. “only+状语”位于句首时, 用部分倒装。例1:Only then did I know the importance of English.(那时我才知道英语的重要性)例2:Only by setting goals can you succeed.(只有制定目标你才能成功)4. so/such...that结构中,有时要强调so/such所修饰的形容词或副词,常将so 连同它所修饰的形容词或副词一起提前放在句首。例1:So bright was the moon that the flowers seem as bright as by day.例2:Such a wonderful job did he do that he won our respect.(他表现得如此棒,因而赢得我们的信任)5.neither/nor+ be 动词 /助动词 /情态动词 + 主语的结构中,译为“ ……也不这样”例: Mary isn't good at swimming. Neither/nor am I.(Mary不擅长游泳,我也是)6. so+be 动词 /助动词 /情态动词+主语”结构,意为“ …… 也是如此”She plays piano well,so do I.(她钢琴弹得很好,我也是) 特殊形式的倒装句1. as引导的让步状语从句要倒装,有如下几种形式:As引导让步状语从句的4种倒装结构:从句谓语为“不及物动词+副词”,副词提前例: Hard as you try, you will not succeed (尽管你很努力,你也不会成功)从句谓语为“情态动词+不及物动词”,不及物动词提前例: Wait as you may, he will not see you. (即使你等待,他也不会见你)从句谓语为“系动词+形容词” 形容词提前例: Proud as they are, they are afraid to see me (尽管他们很高傲,还是怕看到我)从句谓语为“系动词+单数名词”,名词提前例: Child as he is, he seems to know everything (尽管是个孩子,他似乎知道很多事情)2. whatever 或 however 引导的让步状语从句However busy you are, you should spend some time reading books weekly.(无论你多么忙,每周你都应该花点时间读书)3. the more...the more...句型The more English you practise, the better your English is. (你练得越多,你的英语就越好)