高中英语新高考语法二轮复习讲义（13）非谓语动词（不定式的特殊用法）知识点总结整理

高中英语新高考语法一轮复习讲义（13）非谓语动词（不定式的特殊用法）知识点总结整理前面我们学习了非谓语动词的种类及名词不定式、形容词不定式和副词不定式的用法。这一期我们接着讲的不定式的其他一些特殊用法。疑问词 + 不定式 = 名词短语名词短语=疑问词+不定式短语①疑问副词Where to liveWhether to try againWhen to talk to himHow to do it例1. Where to live is still unknown.例2. Whether to try again is still not decided②疑问代词What to doWhom to seeWhich to by例.which to by depends on how much money do you have.这里要注意，where、when和how为疑问副词，不能作其后不定式中原形动词或介词的宾语；而what、which和whom为疑问代词，一定要作其后不定式中原型动词或介词的宾语。how to do.(错），这个句子中do为及物动词，how是副词，故how不能做do的宾语。应改为：how to do it.那可能有同学会问，为什么where to live.这个句子正确呢？因为live为不及物动词。名词短语的功能名词短语等于名词，在句中可作主语、宾语和be动词后的表语。例：what to do was the question(作主语）He is learning how to do it(作宾语）The problem is where to start.(作表语）that从句可简化为不定式但凡句中主语为形式主语it，之后接单一的动词或者及物动词的被动语态，再接that引导的名词性从句时，可将that从句变成不定式。单一动词例:It seems/ appears that he works hard= He seems/appears to work hard他似乎很努力Be +过去分词例:It is said (据说) /It is reported (据报道)/It is known (据了解)that he is good= He is said/reported/ to be good据说/据报道/据了解他很好如何变化？① 时态相同时，to之后加原型动词例：It seems that he works hard.= He seems to work hard(他似乎很努力）② 时态不同时，to之后加“have + 过去分词”例：It is said that he was a thug in the past= He is said to have been a thug in the past.(据说他以前是个流氓）seem或appear之后若有to be ，to be 可以省略。例：He seems to be nice = He seems niceProve + to be 的用法prove可做及物动词，表“证明”，之后用名词或者名词性从句作宾语。但也可作不完全不及物动词，表“显示“、“竟然是“的意思，之后采用 to be + n./adj.结构。例1. The investigation proved his guilt.调查证明他有罪（prove作及物动词）例2. what he said proved to be true.他的话竟然是真的（prove作不完全不及物动词）不定式短语作宾语补语具有使役动词意味的不完全及物动词，加了宾语之后，要用不定式短语作宾语补语。此类词有：具有使役动词意味，加了宾语之后，要用不定式短语作宾语补语的不完及物动词Cause、get促使.....lead 引导......allow、permit.允许....advise劝告......persuade说服....enable使能够.....beg、ask请求.... order命令....want, wish, expect、 intend期望....例:He advised me not to smoke again.他建议我不要再吸烟I'll get someone to help you .我会叫人来帮助你注意：① wish与hope皆可以作完全及物动词，以不定式作宾语;也可以作不及物动词，之后接介词for例1. I wish/hope to do it 例2. all we can do now is wish(hope) for a miracle.我们现在能做的也只有期待奇迹了。② lead 加了宾语之后，可接to引导不定式短语，但此to也可视为介词，接名词或动名词作宾语例. His speech led me to understand the importance of learning English.= His speech led me to the understanding that it is important to learn English.他的演讲引导我了解了学英语的重要性。 ③ allow、permit可做完全及物动词，直接接动名词作宾语；也可做不完全及物动词，接了宾语之后再接不定式短语作补语。例1. They don't allow/permit smoking in the room.他们不允许在房间里吸烟例2. He don't allow/permit anyone to smoke in the room.他们不准任何人在房间里吸烟。意愿动词与虚拟语气的关系表意愿的动词expect、intend、wish和hope如果用一般现在时态，在接“to have + 过去分词“时，则等于would have + 过去分词，形成与表事实相反的虚拟语气。不过也可将这些表示意愿的动词改为过去完成时，再接to + 原型动词，也可形成与事实相反的虚拟语气。
例：I would have done it,but i was busy.= I expected to have done it, but i was busy.= I had expected to do it,but I was busy.我笨打算要作这件事，但当时我很忙。was/were to have + 过去分词 ，也可表与事实相反的虚拟语气。等于should have + 过去分词例：I was to have done it, but I didn't have time then= I should have done it,but I didn't have time then我笨应该把他做完的，但我没时间。 原型不定式原型不定式其实就是原型动词啦，通常出现在助动词can、could、might、should、will、may、must、ought to和shall之后。例: I can do it.① 感官动词与原型不定式的关系表看（see，watch，observe,look at）、听（hear，listen to）、feel的感官动词之后，可接原型动词作宾语补语例: I saw him enter the room② 使役动词与原型不定式的关系let（让）、make（叫）、bid（叫）和have（叫）等使役动词之后必须以原型不定式作宾语补语。例：Let me try  itI made him wash the car.(我叫他洗车）③ help（帮助）的用法，4种① help + 宾语 + （to） + 原形动词例：He helped me (to) do the work.他帮助我做这个工作② help + 宾语 + with + 名词例：He helped me with the work.他帮我做这个工作③ help +(to) + 原形动词例：He helped to do the work.他帮忙做这个工作④ help with + 名词例：He helped with the work.他帮忙做这个工作