所属成套资源:高中英语新高考语法二轮复习讲义 知识点总结整理
高中英语新高考语法二轮复习讲义(01)名词性从句的功能细说知识点总结整理
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高中英语新高考语法一轮复习讲义(01)名词性从句的功能细说知识点总结整理语法总则:任何一个句子一定由主语(S)及动词(V)组成例1. John works hard.约翰工作很努力。John为主语(S),work为动词(V);(hard这里为副词,修饰work的状态)。例2. He plays the piano well.他钢琴弹得很好。He为主语(S),play为动词(V)做谓语;(the piano为宾语,well修饰play的状态)有时主语可以省略,从而形成祈使句。祈使句句首一定为原型动词,之前省略了You should.例1. Be quiet.= (You should) be quiet.例2. Work hard.=(you should ) work hard.有时主语和谓语可以省略,从而形成感叹句例:what a stupid boy ( he is )例2:what a silly thing ( you have done ) 名词性从句的功能细说 The most important thing in the world is not where we are, but in what direction we are going . 我们说过,根据在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句可以分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。根据名词性从句的构成可以分为:that从句,whether 从句和疑问词引导的从句。但我们要特别注意以下几点:that从句不可做介词的宾语,只能用whether 从句或疑问词引导的从句例1. I am worried about whether he can do it.那如果硬要用that从句怎么办呢?且请看① 在介词之后加the fact ,结构为:介词+ the fact+ that从句例:I am worried about the fact that he doesn’t study.② 不加 the fact ,对that从句进行如下变化:去掉that,之后的主语变成所有格,动词变成动名词。例:I am worried about the fact that he playsaround all day → I am worried about his playing around all day.注意:A. 若that从句有助动词do、does、did、will和would时,直接去掉例. I am worried about the fact that he doesn’t study. → I am worried about his not studying.B. 若有may 和can助动词时。May变成be likely to;can变为 be able to。例. I am happy about the fact that he may come
I am happy about his being likely to come ③ 直接去掉介词。形成 be + adj.+ that从句. 例. I am worried that he plays around allday.三个大招,大家都理解了吗?特例:In that =because 因为例. He is talented in that he can speak five different languages.Exceptthat 只可惜,除了例. He is nice except that sometimes helies.同位语从句和定语从句要分清楚前面我们提到了,名词性从句包括同位语从句,定义:在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。但是很多同学却容易把同位语从句和定语从句搞混了,我查阅了很多区分的方法,总结了一下,发现下面两种最适用。请看下面例子:大家能区分这两个句子哪个是同位语吗?1.The news that he will come back is true.
2.The news that he told me is true. 区分方法一:同位语从句中从句是对被修饰词进行补充说明,是被修饰词的具体内容。定语从句中从句是起限定作用,不是被修饰词的具体内容。
两句中的被修饰的词都是news,但是第一句中的从句that he will come back是news的具体内容(补充说明:消息是他将会回来);而第二句that he told me就不是news的具体内容了,而是限定他告诉我的消息。另外,可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words(消息),possibility等抽象名词。具体区别如下:
区分方法二如果上面通过上面还区分不出来,把被修饰的词和从句用be动词连成一句话,句子成立的就是同位语从句,不完整的是定语从句.这个方法大部分句子都适用。比如,第一句就是 the news is that he will come back(消息是他将会回来)句子完整.第二句是 the news is that he told me(消息是他告诉我,告诉什么却没有说)句子不完整.所以第一句是同位语从句,第二句是定语从句了。 总结:到这可做名词的词类就讲完了,总共有7类,分别是:名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式、名词性从句、名词短语以及表距离的地点副词短语都可以做主语。大家都记住理解了吗?