(新高考)高考英语一轮复习小题多维练05《情态动词与语气的用法》(解析版)

这是一份(新高考)高考英语一轮复习小题多维练05《情态动词与语气的用法》(解析版)
高考英语一轮复习小题多维练(新高考专用版)
05 情态动词与语气的用法专练
【练基础】
1. Only a few journalists ________ the story, which was about the president.
A. dared covered B. dare covered
C. dare to cover D. dared to cover
2. Everyone________ fasten their seat belt when sitting in the back of the car.
A. may B. can C. might D. must
3. If fish are jumping higher than usual or frogs are croaking more loudly, it________ rain.
A. must B. may C. shall D. need
4. —Look, the boy is crying sadly.
—Yes. From my point of view, his mother ________ not have punished him so severely.
A. can B. must C. should D. may
5. The designer has tried every possible way to make the robot light, so you_______worry about its weight.
A. must B. may C. can't D. needn't
6. Could I use your computer for a while?
—Of course! You ________.
A. might B. can C. could D. will
7. Since the road is wet this morning, it________ last night.
A. must rain B. must be raining
C. must have rained D. must have been rained
8. “How dare you ________ that to me?” the man said angrily ________ to the boy.
A. to say; pointed B. say; to point C. say; pointing D. to say; to point
9. The city at one time________ prosperous, for it enjoyed a high level of civilization.
A. may be B. may have been C. must be D. must have been
10. The lady over there ________ be our boss. I just saw her in the office.
A. mustn’t B. may not C. can’t D. needn’t
11. I’m not feeling well in the stomach. I________ so much fried chicken just now.
A. couldn’t have eaten B. mustn’t have eaten
C. wouldn’t have eaten D. shouldn’t have eaten
12. —Shall I tell Jimmy the fact that he didn’t pass the math exam?
—No, you ________. I have told him already.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. shouldn’t D. wouldn’t
13. -- Is Lucy knocking at the door?
-- No. It ______ be Lucy. She is in France now.
A. needn't B. can't C. mustn't D. daren't
14. It ________be the headmaster. He has gone to America.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. may not D. wouldn’t
15. —Hello, John. How are you feeling now? I hear you've been ill.
—They ________ me with my twin brother Rod. He's been sick all week, but I've never felt better in my life.
A. must confuse B. may can
C. could have confused D. must have confused
16. I tried to explain the matter to my friend, but he appeared so upset that he ________ listen.
A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t C. shouldn’t D. might not
17. I appreciate your kindness very much, but you________ have bought such an expensive present.
A. needn't B. mustn't C. wouldn't D. couldn't
18. —Mum, may I go to the concert with Tom tonight?
—No, you ________. Because it will be rainy.
A. needn’t B. don’t have to C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
19. If you don 't have a guide,you________ lose your way.
A. must B. dare C. should D. could
20. Mike ________ come to see me this afternoon. I don’t want to go window shopping with you in case he comes.
A. can B. must C. may D. will
21. If I were given another chance, I ________ much better than I did last night.
A. will perform B. performed C. was performed D. would perform
22. Sue likes going to the shops and always spends money ______ there was no tomorrow.
A. even if B. as if C. as long as D. as soon as
23. Her pale face suggested that she ________ seriously ill. To our surprise, she still suggested that she___ to Beijing on business.
A. be；went B. was；would go C. was；could go D. was；go
24. When the earthquake happened, it seemed ________the world were coming to an end.
A. that B. as
C. if D. as if
25. To reduce food waste, some restaurants in Beijing insist their customers ________the leftover food after their meals.
A. to take B. taking C. take D. took
26. The teacher requests he ________in homework every morning.
A. hand B. to hand C. hands D. handed
27. Ten days are devoted to this training program and ________ it be unsuccessful, it could be repeated later.
A. should B. could C. might D. would
28. I wish I ________ football game on TV last night, but I went to a friend's birthday party.
A. watched B. had watched C. would watch D. were watching
29. He is always seeking excuses for the debt, but I'd rather he __________ it off as early as possible.
A. would pay B. would have paid C. had paid D. paid
30. If I ________ time,I would go to the park with my classmates.
A. have B. will have C. had D. have had
31. If there were not so many new words, the text ________ much easier.
A. will be B. would have been C. could have been D. would be
32. Ms. Lin suggested that he ________the reading competition.
A. took part in B. is taking part in C. takes part in D. take part in
33. —Would you mind being charged for WeChat, Mary?
—Certainly. I ________WeChat if I had to pay now.
A. would drop B. will drop C. will have dropped D. would have dropped
34. It is required that every student________ a foreign language before going abroad.
A. must learn B. learn C. learns D. will learn
35. The soldier remembers everything exactly as if it_______ yesterday.
A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened
36. Without gravity（重力), we ________ walk on the ground as freely as we do now.
A. couldn't B. mustn't C. shan't D. needn't
37. It is everybody’s desire that every effort _______ to reduce the pollution in our city.
A. was made B. be made C. will be made D. would be made
38. ________ these spelling mistakes, I would have got a full mark in my English examination.
A. Because of B. But for C. In case of D. In spite of
39. If the contest ________ tomorrow, I would probably go to see it.
A. is to take place B. were to take place
C. was taken place D. would take place
40. She required at the meeting that measures ________ to protect the environment which we rely on to live.
A. should take B. must take C. could be taken D. be taken
41. —Did you enjoy your trip?
—Yes. If we hadn’t taken your advice, we ________ our stay in London so much.
A. wouldn’t have enjoyed B. hadn’t enjoyed
C. wouldn’t enjoy D. didn’t enjoy
42. If it ________ for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.
A. had not been B. should not be
C. were not D. should not have been
43. What an accident! If you ________ my advice, things would not be as they are now.
A. have taken B. had taken C. was taking D. took
44. --- Do you feel like ________ out?
--- No. I’d rather we ________ the metro train.
A. to drive; take B. to drive; took C. driving; take D. driving; took
45. It’s most urgent that the all the shops in the U.S _____ because of the increasingly confirmed Covid-19 cases.
A. are closed B. should close C. be closed D. have been closed
46. Had we made a better preparation for this exam, we ______ not come across so many difficulties now.
A. can B. would C. will D. may
47. If he _____quietly as the doctor instructed, he wouldn’t suffer so much now.
A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie
48. ________ he seen you yesterday, he _____________ your book.
A. Has; will have returned B. Had; will have returned
C. Had; would have returned D. Has; will have returned
49. The terrible situation required that the manager ________ present.
A. be B. was C. would be D. shall be
50. He suggested to Jane that she _____ the problem another way, and her expression suggested that she _____.
A. solve; agreed B. solve; agree
C. solved; should agree D. solved; agreed
参考答案
1. D
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：只有几个记者敢报道这个关于总统的故事。表示“敢做某事”短语为dare to do sth.，如果dare 当做情态动词，后面用动词原形，可以排除A、B，结合后文which was about the president可知为一般过去时。故选D。
2. D
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：坐在汽车的后面，每个人都必须系好安全带。A. may可能，也许；B. can能；C.might可能，可以； D. must必须。根据常识和句意可知，坐车必须系完全带，所以用情态动词must(必须)。故选D。
3. B
【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：如果鱼跳得比平时高或者青蛙叫声比平时更响，那么就有可能要下雨了。A. must必须；B. may可能；C. shall应当；D. need需要。由语意可知，鱼跳得比平时高，或者青蛙叫声比平时更响，那么就有可能要下雨，这是自然现象中的一种可能性，表推测。故选B项。
4. C
【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：——看，这孩子哭得很伤心。——是的，在我看来，他妈妈不该这么严厉地惩罚他。本题考查“情态动词+ not have done”对过去发生事实的推断。A.can not have done本能做却没；B.must not have done一定没有做过；C.should not have done本不应该却；D.may not have done或许没有做过。结合句意可知，孩子哭得很伤心，所以母亲批评孩子很严厉。所以此处指母亲本不该那样严厉批评的。故选C。
5. D
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：设计者已经尝试了所有可能的方法使机器人轻，所以你不需要担心它的重量。A.must 必须；B.may 可能；C. can't 不能；D.needn't不需要。根据“tried every possible way to make the robot light ”得知，尝试所有方法让机器人轻，所以不需要担心重量。故选D。
6. B
【解析】考查情态动词用法。句意：——我能用一下你的电脑吗？——当然！你可以。A.might可以；B.can能够；C.could能够；D.will将要。用could提问请求表示委婉语气的时候回答用can。故选B。
7. C
【解析】考查情态动词+have done结构。句意：既然今天早上路是湿的，昨晚一定下雨了。根据上文“the road is wet this morning”可知表示对过去的肯定推测，应用must have done。故选C。
8. C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：“你怎么敢给我说那些？”这个人生气的指着那个男孩说。dare是情态动词，接动词原形作谓语，故排除A、D项；分析句子可知，said是谓语动词，故point用非谓语动词形式作伴随状语，用现在分词，故选C。
9. D
【解析】考查情态动词+have done结构。句意：这座古城肯定一度很繁荣，因为它曾享有高度的文明。根据后文“for it enjoyed a high level of civilization”可知表示对过去的肯定猜测，应用must have done。故选D。
10. C
【解析】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：那边的女士不可能是我们的老板。我刚在办公室看到她了。A.mustn’t 禁止；B.may not可能不会；C.can’t不可能；D.needn’t不需要，本不必。根据下文I just saw her in the office可知那边那个女士不可能是老板。故选C项。
11. D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我感觉胃里不舒服，我刚刚不应该吃那么多炸鸡的。A. couldn’t have eaten表示对过去事情的推测，表示“过去不可能做了某事”；B. mustn’t have eaten没有此结构；C. wouldn’t have eaten表示虚拟条件句中对过去情况的虚拟；D. shouldn’t have eaten表示“过去不应该做某事但是做了”。根据句意可知，句子表示虚拟语气，表示“过去不应该做某事但是做了”，用shouldn’t have done。故选D项。
12. B
【解析】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：——我应该告诉吉米他数学考试不及格这个事实吗？——不，你不必要。我已经告诉他了。A. mustn’t禁止，不准；B. needn’t不必要；C. shouldn’t不应该；D. wouldn’t不愿意。根据“I have told him already”可知，此处表示“不必要”。故选B。
13. B
【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：——露西在敲门吗? ——不，不可能是露西。她现在在法国那。A.needn't没必要； B.can't 不可能；C.mustn't 禁止；D.daren't不敢。根据后面的“She is in France now.”可推测出，不可能是露西敲门。故选B。
14. B
【解析】考查情态动词词义辨析和情态动词表推测用法。句意：不可能是校长。他去了美国。A. mustn’t禁止；不得；B. can’t 不能；不可能（表否定推测）；C. may not可能不（表把握不大的否定推测）； D. wouldn’t不会。根据后文“He has gone to America”可知，“他”去了美国（还没回来），因此“It ________be the headmaster.”应表述有把握的否定推测“不可能”。故选B项。
15. D
【解析】考查情态动词+have done用法。句意：——嘿，约翰。你现在感觉怎么样？我听说你病了。——他们一定是把我和我的孪生兄弟罗德搞混了。他病了一周了，但我这辈子从没感觉这么好过。A. must confuse必须混淆；B. may can可能可以；C. could have confused可能会混淆；D. must have confused一定是搞混了，对过去的肯定猜测。根据语境可知此处表示对过去的肯定猜测，应用must have done形式。故选D。
16. A
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：我试图向我的朋友解释这件事，但他看起来很沮丧，不愿意听。A. wouldn’t 不愿意；B. couldn’t不能；C. shouldn’t不应该；D. might not可能不。根据“he appeared so upset”可知，此处是指他不愿意听，would表示“意愿”。故选A。
17. A
【解析】考查情态动词+have done。句意：我非常感谢你的好意，但你不必买这么昂贵的礼物。A. needn't have done本不必做；B. mustn't have done肯定没做；C. wouldn't have done不会做；D. couldn't have done本来做不成的。根据前后文语境，表示“本不必买这么昂贵的礼物”应用needn't have done。故选A。
18. C
【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：——妈妈，我今晚可以和汤姆去听音乐会吗？——不，你不能。因为要下雨了。A. needn’t不必；B. don’t have to没有必要；C. mustn’t禁止，不得；D. shouldn’t不应该。根据后文的回答“Because it will be rainy.”可知妈妈禁止去听音乐会，因为要下雨了，mustn’t符合语境。故选C。
19. D
【解析】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：如果你没有向导，你会迷路的。A. nust必须；B. dare敢；C. should应该；D. could能，可以，可能。由语意可知，没有导游的话你就可能迷路，另一层含义就是也有可能不会迷路，因此要使用情态动词表推测的这一用法。故选D项。
20. C
【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：迈克下午可能来看我，我不想和你一起去购物以防他来。can表示推测，往往用于否定句或疑问句；must表示非常有把握的肯定性推测；may表示可能；will表示意愿。根据题意“ in case he comes”可知，以防他会来，是一种不确定的猜测，用may合适。故选C。
21. D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果再给我一次机会，我的表现会比昨晚好很多。分析可知，句子为if引导的虚拟条件句，是对现在情况的虚拟，条件句用一般过去时，主句谓语用“would/should/might/could+动词原形”，所以用would perform。故选D项。
22. B
【解析】考查连词辨析。句意：苏喜欢去商店买东西，总是像没有明天一样花钱。A.even if即使；B.as if好像；C.as long as只要；D.as soon as一......就......。从句使用的是虚拟语气，结合句意可知，此处用as if引导状语从句复合语境。故选B。
23. D
【解析】考查时态和虚拟语气。句意：她苍白的脸色表明她病得很严重。让我们吃惊的是，她仍然建议她去北京出差。第一句话中动词suggest，意为“表明”，所接宾语从句用陈述语气，结合主句谓语suggested以及句意，可知第一个空，也就是suggest宾语从句的谓语，应用一般过去式，结合主语，所以填was；第二句话中动词suggest，意为“建议”，所接宾语从句用虚拟语气，也就是从句谓语用should+动词原形，should可省略，所以第二个空用（should）go；故选D。
24. D
【解析】考查表语从句。句意：地震发生的时候，好像世界末日到了。A. that 连接词，无意义；B. as 正如，像……一样；C. if 是否；D. as if 似乎，好像。分析句子可知，此处引导一个表语从句，根据句意可知，从句使用虚拟语气，所以应用as if 引导该从句，故选D项。
25. C
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：为了减少食物浪费，北京的一些餐馆坚持要求顾客在用餐后应该把剩下的食物带走。分析句子可知，句中“insist”意为“坚持要求、坚决主张”，后接宾语从句，从句中的动作尚未发生，故从句应用虚拟语气，即“should+动词原形”， should可省略。故选C项。
26. A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：老师要求他每天早上上交家庭作业。requests后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用（should）+动词原形。故选A项。
27. A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我们用了10天的时间来完成这个训练计划，如果不成功，以后还可以重复。结合后文“ it could be repeated later.”可知，此处表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句，主句用would (should, could, might) +动词原形，从句动词用过去式（be 通常用were）或用 should+动词原形或 were to+动词原形；且而虚拟条件句中，如有were、should或had，可将if省略，将were、should或had提前至句首构成倒装。故选A。
28. B
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我希望我昨晚看了电视上的足球比赛，但是我去了一个朋友的生日聚会。分析可知，wish后的宾语从句，应用虚拟语气，由时间状语last night可知该句是对过去发生事情的虚拟，结构为：wish + 主语 + had + 过去分词。故选B项。
29. D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：他总是在为债务找借口，但我宁愿他尽早还清。would rather后接宾语从句，谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气，表示过去的愿望用过去完成时，表示现在或将来的愿望用一般过去时。本句表示对将来的愿望，故用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故选D项。
30. C
【解析】考查虚拟语气和时态。句意：如果我有时间，我会和我的同学去公园。分析句子，根据句意以及主句中would go可知，本句为虚拟语气，虚拟现在，主句用过去将来时，条件状语从句中用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式had。故选C。
31. D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果没有这么多新单词的话，这篇文章将会简单得多。分析可知，句子为虚拟条件句，表示对现在情况的虚拟，条件句用一般过去时，主句用would/should/could/might+动词原形，D选项符合题意。故选D项。
32. D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：林老师建议他参加阅读比赛。suggest表示“建议”，引导的 that 宾语从句中，要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为 should + 动词原形，其中 should 可以省略，主句中的时态不限，所以空处需用 (should) take part in，should可以省略。故选D。
33. A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：——玛丽，你介意微信收费吗？——当然介意。如果要我现在付钱的话，我会放弃微信。根据语境和后文now可知此处表示与现在事实相反：主句用would +动词原形，从句动词用过去式（be 通常用 were）。故选A。
34. B
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：每个学生出国前都必须学一门外语。句型It is required that...，该句型中that从句要用should + 动词原形的虚拟语气，should可以省略。结合选项，选项B符合题意，故选B。
35. D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：士兵完全记得一切，似乎它就发生在昨天。 as if意为“仿佛；好像”，其后的从句可出现虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，句中remembers为一般现在时，故as if从句中用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。故选D。
36. A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：没有重力，我们不可能像现在这样自由地在地上行走。A. couldn't不可能；B. mustn't禁止；C. shan't不应该；D. needn't 没必要。由语意可知，本句为与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，故句子谓语动词的否定式要用wouldn't / couldn't/ shouldn't/ mightn't+动词原形。故选A项。
37. B
【解析】考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意：尽一切努力减少我们城市的污染是每个人的愿望。A. was made 被做出（一般过去时被动语态）；B. be made 被做出（虚拟语气）；C. will be made将被做（一般将来时被动语态）； D. would be made将被作（过去将来时被动语态）。分析句子该空是desire的同位语从句的谓语动词，主语是effort，应使用被动语态；名词desire的同位语从句应使用虚拟语气，should 加动词原形，should可省略。故选B项。
38. B
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：要不是这些拼写错误，我就会在英语考试中得满分了。A. Because of 因为；B. But for 要不是；C. In case of 万一；D. In spite of 尽管。根据句意以及句子用到的虚拟语气，可知此处用but for表示与过去事实相反的假设，故选B。
39. B
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果竞赛明天举行，我可能去看。结合语境和下文的would go可知，此处为if引导的非真实条件句，与将来的事实相反用一般过去时，should+ 动词原形，或者were to+动词原形，take place无被动语态，综上。故选B。
40. D
【解析】考查虚拟。句意：她在会议上要求采取措施保护我们赖以生存的环境。根据句意可知，动词require“要求”，从句用虚拟即should+动词原形，should可以省略。又measures和动词take之间为被动关系，即should be taken，should可以省略，故选D项。
41. A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：——你旅行愉快吗？——是的。如果我们不听你的劝告，我们在伦敦的逗留不会这么愉快。此处表示对过去事实的虚拟，if引导的条件句使用过去完成时，主句使用would/could/might/should have done。故选A。
42. A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是那天他的邀请，我现在就不会在这里了。A. had not been（过去完成时） B. should not be（情态动词）C. were not（一般过去时态） D. should not have been（should not have done不应该做，但是做了）。主句“I should not be here now.”表达的是与现在事实相反的情况；而根据if从句中表示过去的时间状语 “the other day前些日子”可知，此处表达的应该是与过去事实相反的情况，所以要使用过去完成时。故选A项。
43. B
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真是个意外！如果你听了我的劝告，事情就不会像现在这样了。根据句意可知，这是一个与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句中谓语动词应该用 had done 结构had taken。故选B项。
44. D
【解析】考查短语和虚拟语气。句意：——你想开车出去吗?——没有。我宁愿我们坐地铁。feel like doing sth.想要做某事。would rather后的从句用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反，用一般过去时。故选D。
45. C
【解析】考查虚拟语气和语态。句意：最紧迫的是，由于新冠肺炎确诊病例越来越多，美国所有的商店都应该关闭。在固定句型it is urgent that sb./sth. (should) do sth.(做……是很紧迫的)中，that所引导的主语从句要用(should) do这一虚拟语气结构；主语all the shops和谓语colse之间是被动关系，所以此处为(should) be closed。故选C。
46. B
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们为这次考试做好更好的准备，我们现在就不会遇到这么多困难了。这是一个错综条件句的虚拟语气，主句表示和现在相反，主句谓语用would/ should / could/ might + 动词原形。故选B项。
47. C
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他按照医生的指示安静地躺着，他现在就不会那么痛苦了。根据句意，if引导的条件句，从句是对过去情况的一种假设，主句是对现在情况的虚拟，表明“他过去没有听医生的，导致现在很痛苦”。从句表达对过去情况假设时，谓语用过去完成时态。故选C。
48. C
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他昨天见到你，他会还你书的。根据句意可知，句子为与过去事实相反的假设，应用虚拟语气，主句应用“主语+should/would/could/might+have+过去分词”，故空格二应用“would have returned”；从句应用“If+主语+had+过去分词”，句中省略了If，这时要把had提到句首，变为倒装句式，故空格一应用“Had”，如不省略If，句子为“If he had seen you yesterday”。故选C项。
49. A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：这个糟糕的情况是要求经理在场。在表示建议、要求、命令类的词语后跟的名词性从句中，从句谓语动词要使用should+动词原形的结构，should可以省略。此处为动词required(要求)所带的宾语从句，在宾语从句中谓语动词要使用should be，将should省去之后，谓语动词为be。故选A。
50. A
【解析】考查虚拟语气/宾语从句/时态。句意：他建议Jane用另一种方式解决这个问题，她的表情表明她同意了。suggest意为“建议”时，其后that引导的宾语从句的谓语应用should+动词原形，should可以省略，所以排除C，D选项；suggest意为“表明”时，宾语从句用陈述语气，时态与主句一致，由主句谓语suggested可知，时态为一般过去时，故选A项。
【练能力】
1. — John graduated from college at a very young age.
— Oh, he _________a very smart boy then.
A. could have been B. must have been C. should be D. might be
2. —Why did Mary ignore me at the party last night?
—She _______ you. She wasn't wearing her glasses.
A. shouldn't have seen B. needn't have seen
C. won't have seen D. might haven't seen
3. My computer start this morning. There must have been something wrong with it.
A. shouldn't B. wouldn't C. needn't D. mustn't
4. He her daughter’s graduation, but he missed this important occasion.
A. should attend B. should have attended
C. would attend D. must have attended
5. While we ______ think we know what we want, we’re often wrong.
A. may B. will C. shall D. must
6. I find it astonishing that he ____be so rude to us. I_____ make a complaint to his company.
A. could; must B. should; shall C. shall; should D. dare; have to
7. There is no light in Smith’s room. Therefore, he ________ be at home.
A. wouldn’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. can’t
8. —Why do you care about him so much?
—You _______ him when he first came out — it was so sad.
A. would have seen B. should have seen C. might have seen D. could have seen
9. There are over 50,000 signs in modern Chinese but luckily, Chinese children ______ learn all of them for everyday purpose.
A. needn't B. mustn't C. can't D. won't
10. No one _______be more generous; he has a heart of gold.
A. need B. must C. dare D. could
11. —These apples look really tasty.
—They ______! See the price $5.99 a pound. Very expensive, aren't they!
A. should B. might C. could D. would
12. I ______ to visit him in the hospital, but I was fully occupied the whole of last week.
A. had gone B. might go C. must have gone D. would have gone
13. Interested in painting, he________ paint with pen and paper after work, gradually cultivating himself into a self-taught painter.
A. would B. must C. might D. should
14. New regulations make it clear that to use children's information, network operators ______ obtain the children's guardians' permission in a clear manner
A. may B. shall C. could D. might
15. Each new crew member _______ be provided with adequate health and safety protection, according to the Civil Aviation Regulations
A. may B. will C. shall D. can
16. 1 have one regret about the time I spent in high school: I _______ more advanced classes that are really helpful in college.
A. couldn't have taken B. should have taken
C. needn't have taken D. must have taken
17. During my first year abroad, I was so busy studying and meeting new people that I did not phone my parents as often as I ________.
A. should B. would C. should have D. would have
18. We’ll make the final decision on our scheme. ______ you change your mind, please inform us as soon as possible.
A. Should B. Were C. Would D. Had
19. According to a newly released regulation on online video services, no one _____ generate, release or spread fake news or information by using such technologies.
A. can B. shall C. will D. may
20. The Campbells _______ sometimes invite us over for the weekend when we lived in the same neighborhood.
A. should B. must C. might D. would
21. We the sunshine in Sanya now if it were not for the delay of our flight.
A. were enjoying B. would have enjoyed
C. would be enjoying D. will enjoy
22. I _________  to the party with you tomorrow if I didn’t have to attend the meeting.
A. went B. had gone C. would go D. would have gone
23. —It was the drug, not the disease, that killed the boy.
—He would be still alive today if he ___________it.
A. doesn't take B. shouldn't have taken
C. didn't take D. hadn't taken
24. Volunteering is pleasant and there is so much more I could do if I ________ the time.
A. had had B. had C. would have D. could have had
25. We often visit the nursing home and talk to the aged as if they ______ our own grandparents.
A. were B. are C. had been D. will be
26. —My boss is so mean.I should quit my job.
—I_______very seriously about that if I were you.After all it's not easy to get a job these days.
A. will think B. will have thought C. would think D. would have thought
27. The 1919 Addison Act was a revolution, which required that a survey of housing needs __________ by all local authorities.
A. would conduct B. conduct C. must be conducted D. be conducted
28. ____ then what I know now, I would have made different decisions.
A. Should I know B. I knew C. I did know D. Had I known
29. Without coconuts, most of the tropical islands in the South Pacific ________ uninhabitable for both animals and people.
A. must have remained B. may have remained
C. need have remained D. would have remained
30. But for his determination to stick it out, he ______ it as a top-ranked player in tennis.
A. shouldn't have made B. could make
C. wouldn't have made D. wouldn't make
31. Why didn't you tell me there was no meeting today? I all the way here through the heavy snow.
A. needn't have driven B. couldn't have driven
C. should have driven D. must have driven
32. — It was not the best time to go there.
— Yes. I your advice before I made my decision.
A. could accept B. should accept
C. ought to accept D. should have accepted
33. —Mum, may I play outside now?
— No, you ___________. You have to clean your room first.
A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. won’t
34. As the rule says, every student remain seated until their papers are collected.
A. can B. may
C. shall D. will
35. If you look the right way, you ___________see that the whole world is a garden.
A. can B. must C. dare D. should
36. —Continuous hot days are getting to be more than I can take.
—Hold on. According to the weather forecast people ______ have some relief by the weekend.
A. would B. should C. need D. must
37. —Did you paint your house yourself? It looks good.
—I_______have done all the painting. I asked my brother to help me.
A. couldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
38. You_______get a new bicycle as a reward for doing well in the following final exam.
A. must B. will C. shall D. should
39. —I’ve prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.
—Do you mean we______bring anything with us?
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. shan’t D. needn’t
40. —What does the notice over there read?
— “No media ______ cover the event without the permission of the organizing committee.”
A. will B. may C. shall D. must
41. It’s terrible. My car break down just as we were going on our holiday.
A. might B. would C. could D. must
42. You_______get a new bicycle as a reward for doing well in the following final exam.
A. must B. will C. shall D. should
43. —Was the United State of America founded on July 4th, 1776？
—You _________  be right but I need to check it in the history textbook anyway.
A. have to B. must C. may D. will
44. —A doctor sucked mouthfuls of urine （尿液） from a sick elderly passenger on a flight, which has aroused a controversy.
—What's wrong with our society? It's a shame that some netizens __________ be suspicious about his motive, pointing that he was just staging a moral show.
A. would B. shall C. should D. could
45. As is often the case, she _____ listen to music after breakfast, alone in her room, for hours.
A. shall B. must C. will D. may

参考答案
1. B
【解析】考查情态动词+have done。句意：---约翰很年轻就从大学毕业了。---哦，那他一定是个很聪明的孩子。根据“ John graduated from college at a very young age.”可知，must have been表示对过去肯定的猜测，“过去一定做了某事”。故选B项。
2. D
【解析】考查情态动词+have done。句意：昨晚在聚会上，为什么玛丽不理我？她可能没看到你。她没戴眼镜。A. shouldn't have seen 本不该看而看了；B. needn't have seen虽然没必要，但已经看了；C. won't have seen不会看到；D. might haven't seen可能没看到。根据She wasn't wearing her glasses.可知，空白处表推测，意为“可能没看见”，故选D。
3. B
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：我的电脑今早怎么也启动不了了。一定是出了什么问题。A. shouldn’t不应该；B. wouldn’t不会；C. needn't不需要；D. mustn’t禁止，不允许。分析句子，后句提到“一定有什么东西坏了，所以电脑启动不了”。根据情态动词wouldn't表示过去的习惯或反复性的动作。故选B。
4. B
【解析】考查should have done的用法。句意：他本应当去参加女儿的毕业典礼的，但他错过了这一重要的机会。分析句意可知，此处属于对过去的虚拟，参加女儿的毕业典礼属于过去应做而未做的事情，应使用should have done结构，故选B。
5. A
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：虽然我们可能觉得自己知道想要什么，但事实上我们经常是错的。A. may可能；B. will将要；C. shall将要；D. must必须。根据句意分析，此处是对现状的可能推测，故选A。
6. B
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：我发现令人惊讶的是他竟然对我们如此粗鲁无礼。我要向他的公司投诉。第一空： should 可以表示说话人的惊讶或愤怒的心情，意思为“竟然”；第二空：shall表示决心、命令或指示，意思为“必须，一定，应该”。故选B项。
7. D
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：Smith的房间里没有灯光。因此，他不可能在家。A. wouldn’t不会；B. mustn’t 禁止；C. shouldn’t不应该；D. can’t不可能。根据上文There is no light in Smith’s room.可知此处表示否定的推测，即Smith“不可能”在家。故选D。
8. B
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——你为什么这么关心他？——你真应该看看他第一次出现时的样子，真是太伤感了。should have done（过去本应该做某事却未做），表达一种责备或内疚的语气；由语境可知，此处指说话的一方指责另一方，过去本应该做却未做的事，即“真应该看看他第一次出现时的样子”。故选B项。
9. A
【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：现代汉语中有超过5万种标志，但幸运的是，中国儿童不必学习所有这些标志用于日常目的。A. needn't不必；B. mustn't表示禁止； C. can't不可能；D. won't不愿意。根据but luckily可推断，不必学习如此多的东西，故选A。
10. D
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：没人比他更慷慨；他有一颗金子般的心。“No one could be more generous”是否定词和比较级连用，表达最高级含义，D项could可以在否定句中表示推测，为正确答案。B项表示肯定性推测，只用在肯定句中；dare和need不符合句意。故选D。
11. A
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：—这些苹果看起来很好吃。—它们应该!价格是每磅5.99美元。非常贵，不是吗? 根据后面的苹果价格贵可以推知，苹果好吃是“应该的”。故选A。
12. D
【解析】考查情态动词+have done的用法。句意：我本要去医院看望他，但我上一整周都很忙。A. had gone已经去了；B. might go可能会去；C. must have gone肯定去了；D. would have gone本要去（而未去）结合语境可知，此处考查虚拟语气，would have done“本要做某事（而未做）”，故选D项。
13. A
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：他对绘画很感兴趣，下班后会用笔和纸画画，逐渐把自己培养成一个自学成才的画家。根据gradually cultivating himself into a self-taught painter可知此处要用would，表示过去的习惯或者反复性的动作。故选A项。
14. B
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：新规明确规定，网络运营商使用儿童信息应明确获得儿童监护人的许可。情态动词shall用于陈述句的第二、三人称表示允许、威胁、恐吓、义务、命令等。故选B。
15. C
【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：根据民航条例，每个新船员都将被提供足够的安全和健康保护。A. may可能；B. will将要；C. shall将要；D. can能够，可以。此处考查shall的特殊用法，即shall用于二三人称表示，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁，故选C项。
16. B
【解析】考查情态动词+have done结构。句意：我对我的高中时光有一个遗憾：我本应该上一些在大学里很有用的高级课程。A. couldn't have done不可能做过；B. should have done本应该做而没有做；C. needn't have done本不必做却做了；D. must have done一定做过。根据“1 have one regret”可知此处表示“本应该做而没有做，所以才有遗憾”，故B项正确。
17. C
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：在国外的第一年里，我忙于学习和结识新朋友，以至于没有像我应该做的那样经常给父母打电话。should have done表示“过去本应该做某事却未做”，should have后面省略了phoned them，should have phoned them表示“我理应当打电话给他们，但是其实没有”，符合上下文语境及情感色彩。故选C项。
18. A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我们将对我们的计划做最后决定。如果你改变主意，请尽快通知我们。根据语境，此处用虚拟语气，表示与将来相反，从句用should+动词原形，省略if，should提前，陈述句是：If you should change your mind……。故选A。
19. B
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：根据最新发行的关于网络视频服务的规章，任何人都不可以使用此类技术生成、发行或者传播虚假消息。A. can 能够，有时会；B. shall 一三人称表示征求对方意见； 二三人称陈述句，表示允诺、威胁、恐吓或法律条文的规定。C. will 意愿；D. may 也许，可能。根据前面的regulation（规定）可知，本题选shall更加合理。故选B。
20. D
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：当我们住在同一个街区时，坎贝尔一家常常邀请我们去他们家过周末。A. should应该；B. must必须，一定；C. might可能；D. would会，过去常常。结合句意可知，坎贝尔一家邀请“我们”是过去发生的事情，故用would表“过去常常”，故选D项。
21. C
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是我们耽搁了航班我们现在就在三亚享受阳光了。根据后面if it were not for……可知此处是对现在状况的虚拟，根据now以及if的虚拟语气可知，故主句用would be doing 。选C。
22. C
【解析】本句考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我不必参加会议的话，我明天回和你去参加派对。根据句意可知与将来事实相反，从句用一般过去时，主句可用would do，所以C正确。
23. D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：——是毒品而不是疾病杀死了这男孩。——如果他不吸毒的话，他现在还活着。分析句子可知，此处考查虚拟语气，结合语境可知if引导的句子与过去事实相反，应用过去完成时had done，hadn't taken it“如果没有吸毒”故填D项。
24. B
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：做志愿者是很愉快的，如果我有时间，我能做得更多。根据there is so much more I could do可知本句是与现在事实相反的假设，从句应用“If+主语+动词的过去式（be动词用were）。故选B项。
25. A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我们经常去敬老院和老人交谈，就好像他们是我们自己的爷爷奶奶一样。as if引导方式状语，当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时，as if从句用虚拟语气。表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去式。表示与过去或与谈话时间为止发生的事实相反，谓语动词用“had +过去分词”。根据上文often可知是对现在的虚拟，从句中主语为they，故应用were。故选A。
26. C
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：——我的 老板很刻薄。我应该辞职不干了——如果我是你我会认真考虑一下。毕竟现在这个时候不好找工作”，根据if I were you提示，是对一般现在情况的虚拟，根据if条件句虚拟语气的使用规则，主句和现在情况相反，用would/should/could/might + do。故选C。
27. D
【解析】考查情态动词与虚拟语气。句意: The 1919 Addison Act 法案是一场革命，它要求所有的地方当局，对住房需求进行调查。分析句子可知, require引导宾语从句，谓语动词用(should )+v.,根据句意，本句谓语动词应为被动结构，故答案为D。
28. D
【解析】考查If条件句中的虚拟语气和倒装。句意：如果我之前知道我现在知道的事情，我可能会做出不同的决定。分析句意可知，这是If引导的条件句，从句“____ then what I know now”表达的是“如果我之前知道我现在知道的事情”，这是对过去的一种假设，从句谓语动词需用过去完成时had known。分析句子可知，If在句中被省略，if引导的条件句中，如果if被省略，从句需进行部分倒装，将助动词had提前。故选D。
29. D
【解析】考查含蓄条件句。句意：如果没有椰子的话，大多数南太平洋的热带岛屿对于人和动物而言都将会不适宜居住。本处考查含蓄条件句，这里从句可以用另外一种形式If there were no coconuts, 表示与过去事实相反的假设，主句结构：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他。故选D。
30. C
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是他坚持到底的决心，他就不会成为一流的网球选手。but for表示“要不是、倘若没有”，需要用虚拟语气，属于隐含虚拟条件句，根据“his determination to stick it out”可知此处表示对过去情况的虚拟，主句谓语用would(not)+have done，故C项正确。
31. A
【解析】考查情态动词+have done。句意：你为什么不告诉我今天没有开会？我本不必在大雪中一路开车来这里。A. needn't have driven不必开车（已完成）；B. couldn't have driven不可能开车（已完成）；C. should have driven本该开车（却没有）；D. must have driven一定开车（已完成）。根据前文“Why didn't you tell me there was no meeting today?”句意可知，needn't符合句意。故选A项。
32. D
【解析】考查情态动词表推测。句意：——那不是去那里的最佳时机。——是的。我应该在做决定之前接受你的建议。根据句意可知，句子表示的是“本该在做决定之前接受你的建议，但实际没有”，应用“should have done”，意为“过去本该做某事，而实际上没做”，“could”意为“可以”，“should”意为“应该”，“ought to”意为“应该”，均不符合语境。故选D项。
33. C
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：—妈妈，我现在可以出去玩吗？—不，你不能，你必须先打扫你的房间。may或者can表示请求时，肯定回答用may或can，否定回答用can't或mustn't。故选C项。
34. C
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：正如规则所说，每个学生都必须坐着直到他们的试卷被收集起来。shall可用于第二/第三人称陈述句中,表示警告/许诺/命令/威胁/规定等语气。此处表示规定，故选C。
35. A
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：如果你看对了方向（用正确的眼光看世界），你会发现整个世界就是一个大花园。A. can能、会；B. must必须；C. dare敢；D. should应该。根据“If you look the right way”可知此处表示“能、会”，故A项正确。
36. B
【解析】考查情态动词用法。句意：——连续的炎热天气越来越让我受不了了。——等一下。根据天气预报，到周末人们应该会松一口气。A. would将会；B. should应该；C. need需要；D. must必须。根据时间状语by the weekend可以判断本句是对于将来的推测，而should表示的推测通常是基于一定的事实基础，然后进行推理的结果，will表示对将来推测几乎是信心满满，此处结合上文According to the weather forecast可知为基于一定事实的推测，应用should，故选B。
37. A
【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：——你自己油漆你的房子吗?看起来不错。——我不可能做完所有的油漆。我请我弟弟帮助了我。A .couldn’t不可能；B .mustn’t禁止；C.needn’t不需要；D. shouldn’t不应该。除了选项B以外，其它三个选项的情态动词都可以和完成时态搭配；couldn’t have done不可能做了某事；needn’t have done不需要做某事（已经做）；shouldn’t have done本不应该做（已做）。根据空后I asked my brother to help me.可知，空处需用couldn’t have done，表示我不可能做完所有的油漆。故选A。
38. C
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：如果你在下一次期末考试中表现出色，你将得到一辆新自行车作为奖励。shall用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁，由句意可知，“考得好，就有一辆新自行车作为奖励”是允诺，应用shall。故选C项。
39. D
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——我为野餐准备了各种各样的食物。——你的意思是我们不需要带任何东西吗？A. can't不可能；B. mustn't禁止；C. shan't不该、不可；D. needn't不必、没必要，结合上文“我为野餐准备了各种各样的食物”可知，我们没必要带任何东西”。D项符合语境，故选D项。
40. C
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——那边的布告上写的是什么?—— “未经组委会许可，任何媒体不得对赛事进行报道。” A. will将；B. may也许；C. shall将；D. must必须。shall用于第二、三称，表示警告、允诺、命令、规定等。根据句意，故选C。
41. D
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：太可怕了。车子偏要在我们打算去度假的时候坏了。情态动词must可表示生气和不满，意为“偏偏、非要”，表示与说话人主观意愿相反；根据句意，说话人想要度假，所以对车子此时坏了表示不满。故选D项。
42. C
【解析】考查情态动词的辨析。句意：在接下来的期末考试中考得好的话你会得到一辆新的自行车做为奖励。根据句意，可以得知是接下来……就会……的结构。根据情态动词的用法，这里使用shall表示许诺的意思。因此选C选项shall应该会。故选C。
43. C
【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：——美利坚合众国是1776年7月4日建立的吗？——你可能是对的，但我还是需要在历史教科书上查一下。A. have to不得不；B .must必须，一定；C .may也许；D .will将会。根据空后but I need to check it in the history textbook anyway.可知，因为要查阅下历史教科书，所以此处需用may表示不确定的推测。故选C。
【点睛】
先熟悉所给情态动词的词义，再结合题干和语境，选择适合题干要求的情态动词，本题需用情态动词may表示不确定的推测。
44. C
【解析】考查should的用法。句意：——在飞机上，一名医生为一名患病的老年乘客吸了满嘴的尿液，这引起了一番争议。——我们的社会怎么了？真遗憾，一些网友竟然怀疑他的动机，说他上演一场道德表演。根据“What's wrong with our society？”可知，本句是表示意外的情况，should作情态动词时，可以用来表示意外、惊喜或者在说话人看来是不可思议的情况，意为“竟然，居然”。故选C项。
45. C
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：情况常常如此，她习惯在早餐后独自在房间里听几小时音乐。A. shall将；B. must必须；C. will将，会；D. may可能。根据句意，尤其是As is often the case可知，此处考查will表示习惯性、倾向性的用法，意为“惯于做……”，故选C项。
【练真题】
1. （2021·天津卷）It used to be that you ___drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now there are houses and people everywhere.
A. need B. should C. could D. must
2. （2017·全国卷）Whale breathe through lungs just as we humans do，so they_______come up for air.
A. may B. can C. might D. must
3. （2012·江西卷）We have bought so much food now that Suzie won’t be with us for dinner.
A. may not B. needn’t C. can’t D. mustn’t
4. （2013·辽宁卷）Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He _______ too much at the party last night.
A. could drink B. should drink
C. would have drunk D. must have drunk
5. （2008·湖南卷）You don’t have to know the name of the author to find a book. You _____ find the book by the title.
A. must B. need C. can D. would
6. （2014·广西卷）Although you ______ find bargains in London, it’s not generally a cheap place to shop.
A. should B. need C. must D. can
7. （2011·江苏卷）——I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.
——How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone ______ it.
A. will have stolen B. might have stolen
C. should have stolen D. must have stolen
8. （2014·四川卷）I still remember my happy childhood when my mother ___________ take me to Disneyland at weekends.
A. might B. must
C. would D. should
9. （2020·江苏卷）If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I _____where I am.
A. won’t be B. wouldn’t have been C. wouldn’t be D. shouldn’t have been
10. （2020·天津卷）Jim says we ______ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy .
A. must B. can C. need D. should
11. （2020·天津卷）You ____________ have scolded him for his poor performance. After all, he had done his best.
A. must B. should C. mustn’t D. shouldn't
12. （2018·天津卷）—What’s wrong with the door?
—The key has got stuck in it and ______ come out.
A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. won’t
13. （2019·天津卷）The professor warned the students that on no account ________ use mobile phones in his class.
A. should they B. they should
C. dare they D. they dare
14. （2019·天津卷）Paul did a great job in the speech contest. He many times last week.
A. need have practised B. might practise
C. must have practised D. could practise
15. （2008·辽宁卷）Peter ______ be really difficult at times even though he’s a nice person in general.
A. shall B. should C. can D. must
16. （2011·福建卷）—Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?
—I am afraid you _______,in case he comes late for the meeting.
A. will B. must C. may D. can
17. （2017·天津卷）Someone ____the tap on, for the water was running over and flooding the bathroom.
A. could leave
B. must have left
C. might leave
D. should have left
18. （2018·北京卷）(2018·北京) In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company.
A. need B. should
C. can D. must
19. （2018·天津卷） I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.
A. should leave B. must have left
C. might leave D. could have left
20. （2016·浙江卷）George _________ too far. His coffee is still warm.
A. must have gone B. might have gone
C. can’t have gone D. needn’t have gone
21. （2011·辽宁卷）If you go, at least wait until the storm is over.
A. can B. may
C. must D. will
22. （2013·天津卷）No one________ be more generous；he has a heart of gold.
A. could B. must C. dare D. need
23. （2007·江西卷）—Where is my dictionary?I remember I put it here yesterday.
—You___it in the wrong place.
A. must put B. should have put
C. might put D. might have put
24. （2009·安徽卷）Some people who don’t like to talk much are not necessarily shy；they ______ just be quiet people.
A. must B. may C. should D. would
25. （2014·北京卷）___________ I have a word with you? It won’t take long.
A. Can B. Must
C. Shall D. Should
26. （2017·全国卷）My brother lent me the money,_______I couldn't have afforded the trip.
A. Furthermore B. Otherwise
C. Moreover D. Nevertheless
27. （2013·陕西卷）My mom suggests that we eat out for a change this weekend.
A. should B. might
C. could D. would
28. （2018·天津卷）Jane wishes that she ______ foreign trade instead of literature when she was in college.
A. studied B. had studied
C. would study D. might have studied
29. （2019·江苏卷）What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we ________ a good time together.
A. had B. will have C. would have had D. had had
30. （2019·天津卷）The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ________ the task in half the time.
A. accomplished B. had accomplished
C. would accomplish D. would have accomplished
31. （2019·天津卷）Mary’s description of the party was so vivid that I felt as if I there.
A. would be B. might have been
C. would have been D. had been
32. （2013·重庆卷）—It rained cats and dogs this morning. I’m glad we took an umbrella.
—Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we ________ .
A. didn’t B. hadn’t
C. haven’t D. don’t
33. （2018·江苏卷）There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______ a second chance to become more involved.
A. had B. will have
C. would have had D. have had
34. （2018·江苏卷）It’s strange that he _have taken the books without the owner’s permission.
A. would B. should
C. could D. might
35. （2018·北京卷）They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers.
A. drove B. would drive
C. were to drive D. had driven
36. （2018·天津卷）If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach
A. had caught B. caught
C. have caught D. would catch
37. （2017·天津卷）—Do you have Betty’s phone number?
—Yes. Otherwise, I ______able to reach her yesterday.
A. hadn’t been B. wouldn’t have been
C. weren’t D. wouldn’t be
38. （2017·江苏卷） _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
A. It were B. Were it
C. It was D. Was it
39. （2014·湖南卷）If Mr. Dewey­ _____ present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.
A. were B. had been C. should be D. was
40. （2016·天津卷）I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I_________.
A. were injured B. would be injured
C. had been injured D. would have been injured

参考答案
1. C
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：以前你可能在这里开了几英里，都没见过别人，但现在到处都是房子和人。A. need 需要；B. should 应该，理应如此； C. could 可能，表示对客观可能性的推测；D. must 一定，必须。根据前半句意思可知，表示的是对客观可能性的推测。故选C。
2. D
【解析】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：鲸通过肺呼吸，就跟我们人类一样，所以它们必须浮上水面呼吸空气。A. may可以，也许；B. can可以（有能力），可能；C. might也许，语气较弱；D. must必须，一定。根据语境，鲸由于用肺呼吸，它一定要浮出水面，没有其它可能，故选D。
3. B
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：既然Suzie不会与我们共进晚餐，那么我们没必要买下这么多的食物。 全句表达对过去没必要的事却做了的一种遗憾。may not have done 可能没做过……；needn’t have done (过去)本没必要做（却已经做了）； can’t have done 不可能已做过……；mustn’t have done错误表达。now that 既然 指明显的原因，因此推断此处表示“本没必要做某事而实际上做了”。故选B。
4. D
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：哈里感到很不舒服，他在昨晚的聚会上一定是喝得太多了。must have done用于肯定句，表示对过去情况的肯定猜测。可能性较大，一般有一定根据。A.could have done过去本能够做某事，而实际上未做；B.need have done过去本有必要做某事，而实际上未做；D.would have done过去本想要做某事，而实际上未做。根据 last night并结合语境可知，该句是对过去有把握的推测，而非与过去事实相反的假设或结果。故选C。
5. C
【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：你不需要知道作者的名字就能找到一本书。你可以按书名找到这本书。A. must一定，必须；B. need需要；C. can有机会，可能；D. would愿意。根据You don’t have to know the name of the author to find a book.可知，按书名你可以找到这本书，此处表示一种可能性，应使用情态动词can。故选C。
6. D
【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：尽管你能在伦敦找到便宜货，但是一般不是购物便宜的地方。A. should应该；B. need需要；C. must必须；D. can能。 can用在否定句和疑问句中可以表示具体的可能性，用在肯定句中表示理论上的可能性，本句中在伦敦可能能买到便宜货就是理论上的可能性，用can表示。故选D。
7. B
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——我把手提包落在火车上了，但是，幸运的是，有人把它送到了铁路办公室。——能重新找回真是难以置信！我是说，有人可能已经偷走了它。may/might have done可能已经做了某事；should have done本应该做某事（实际上未做）；must have done一定已经做了某事。根据情境可知，手提包没有被偷，这里只是一个不确定的推测。故B正确。
8. C
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：我仍然记得我幸福的童年，那时妈妈会在周末的时候带我去迪士尼乐园。A.might可能；B.must必须；C.would将，会；D.should应该。would可以表示“过去常常”，强调过去经常发生的事情。根据语境判断此处指过去妈妈经常在周末带他去。故选C项。
9. C
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我没有面对那么多的障碍，我现在就不会在这里。分析句子成分可知，此处是错综时间虚拟语气，根据空后where I am可知，此处是与现在事实相反的假设，主句谓语动词应使用would/could/might/should+do。故选C。
10. B
【解析】考查情态动词。句意:吉姆说我们可以住在他的房子里，只要我们保持它干净整洁。A. must必须；B. can能，可以；C. need需要；D. should应该。根据后面的“as long as we leave it clean and tidy”可知，Jim许可我们待在他的房子里，即:我们”能，可以”待在他的房子里。故选B。
11. D
【解析】考查情态动词+ have done。句意：你本不应该因为他表现不好而责骂他。毕竟，他已经尽力了。根据前后句关系可知此处表示“本不该”是 shouldn't have done指做了本不该做的事，must have done表示对过去发生的事情的肯定性推测；should have done表示应当做某事而实际上未做；mustn’t不和have done连用。故选D。
12. D
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：---门怎么了?---钥匙卡在里面出不来了。A. shouldn’t不应该；B. mustn’t禁止；C. needn’t 不需要；D. won’t不会。won’t表示拒绝时，其主语有时可以是“物”。故选D项。
13. A
【解析】考查部分倒装和情态动词。句意：这位教授警告学生们，在他的课堂上，决不应该使用手机。on no account意为“决不”，否定词放在句首，句子使用部分倒装，排除B、D项；这里表示应该，故选A。
14. C
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：保罗在演讲比赛中表现得很好。他上星期一定练习了很多次。must have done是对过去发生的动作最有把握的猜测，意思是“一定”。故C选项正确。
15. C
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：Peter有时真的可能很难相处，尽管他总的来说是个好人。A. shall应；B. should应该；C. can能；D. must必须。根据中的at times可知，Peter有时真的很难相处。can表示推测，意为“可能会”。故选C项。
16. B
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——我应该立刻通知他时间有变化吗？——恐怕你必须这样做，以防他开会迟到。A. will将要；B. must必须；C. may可能；D. can能够，可以。根据下文的“in case he comes late for the meeting.”可知，此处是指必须通知“他”时间有变。故选B。
17. B
【解析】考查情态动词+完成式。句意：一定是有人没关水龙头，因为水溢出来淹了浴室。must have done表示对过去是清有把握的坑定推测，意思是“一定是做某事了”，故选B。
18. C
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：在今天的信息时代，数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况，即“客观可能性”，故该空应用情态动词can。C选项正确。其余情态动词均没有该用法。need需要；should应该，竟然；must必须，肯定。
19. D
【解析】考查情态动词表推测。句意：我不能找到我的钱包了，昨天我有可能把它落到超市了，但我不确定。根据句中时间状语yesterday可知，是对过去事情的推测，故用情态动词+ have done，再根据后句but I’m not sure.可知，此推测为不能肯定的推测，故用情态动词could，表示“可能”。故选D。
20. C
【解析】考查情态动词+have done。句意：乔治不可能走得太远。他的咖啡仍然是温的。can’t have done一定不可能做了某事；must have done过去一定做了某事；might have done过去可能做了某事；needn’t have done过去本不必做某事。故选C。
21. C
【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：如果你非得走，至少得等到暴风雨停了。A. can能；B. may也许；C. must必须，非得；D. will愿意。由空后at least wait until the storm is over可知，此处使用must表示“非得走”。故选C。
22. A
【解析】
选A　考查情态动词。句意：没有人比他更慷慨；他有一颗金子般的心。could“可能”，用在否定句中表示推测；must“必须”；dare“胆敢，敢于”；need“需要”。根据句意可知应选A。
23. D
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——我的词典在哪里？我记得昨天放在这里了。——你或许放错了地方。“might have +动词+ed形式”表示过去可能完成的动作。根据所提供的情景Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.可判断出把词典放在某个地方发生在过去，所以要用“might have +动词+ed形式”。“should have + 动词+ed形式”表示“(过去)本来应该做某事”。must意为“一定”，是肯定的推测，与所提供的情景的矛盾。might put表示现在发生的事。故选D。
24. B
【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意：有些不喜欢多说话的人不一定是害羞，他们可能只是安静的人。A. must一定；B. may也许；C. should应该；D. would将。前半句not necessarily未必，不一定，可知，这里表示可能性，所以用may。故选B。
25. A
【解析】本题考查情态动词。句意：我能和你谈话吗？不会很长时间的。根据上下文可知，说话人在请求听话人允许不长时间的一个交谈，所以选择表示“能不能或可以不可以”的can。故选A。
26. B
【解析】本题考查副词辨析。句意：我哥借钱给我了，否则我不可能有能力支付这旅行的费用。A.furthermore还有；B.otherwise否则；C.moreover还有；D.nevertheless然而。根据句意可知，这里含有对过去情况假设的虚拟语气，用otherwise相当于“if my brother hadn't lent me the money（要是我哥没有借钱给我）”。故选B。
27. A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我妈妈建议我们这周末出去吃饭换换口味。suggest作“建议”时，后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气（should）+动词原形，故选A。
28. B
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：Jane真希望她在大学时学的是外贸而不是文学。wish后接宾语从句，从句用虚拟语气，若表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或would / could+have +过去分词。由“when she was in college”可知，本句表与过去事实相反的假设，所以从句为过去完成时。故选B项。
29. C
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文可知，是对过去事情的虚拟，是与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选C。
30. D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句the workers were not better organized可知，这是对过去事情的虚拟。表示与过去事实相反的假设，其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选D。
31. D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：玛丽对这次聚会的描述是如此生动，以至于我觉得我好像去过那里一样。根据句意及句中felt可知，此处描述的是与过去事实相反的情况，应使用过去完成时。故D选项正确。
32. B
【解析】考查虚拟语气及省略。句意：—今天早晨雨下得很大。很高兴我们带了雨伞。—是的，如果我们没有带伞，全身都会湿透的。分析句子可知，表示对过去发生的事情的虚拟，if从句里要使用过去完成时“had done”，主句部分使用“情态动词+have done”，B项承前省略了taken an umbrella。故选B项。
33. A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：在这个村里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望我再有一次机会去更多的参与。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，所以从句用一般过去时。故选A。
34. B
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真奇怪，他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。在句型”It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that...”中，其中由that引导的主语从句通常用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，其中的should可以省略。故选B。
35. D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由“they might have found a better hotel”可知，该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if ____ a few more kilometers是条件句部分，表示对过去的虚拟，条件句部分要用过去完成时态，故D选项正确。
36. A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语yesterday可知，从句表示与过去事实相反，故用had + v-ed。故选A。
点睛：本题考查虚拟语气。虚拟语气重要做题原则：根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所考查的动词的虚拟时间，一般要保持一致，但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整。本题就是错综条件虚拟语气，从句与过去事实相反，故用had + v-ed，主句与现在事实相反。
37. B
【解析】
考查虚拟语气。句意：--你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？--有。否则我昨天就联系不到她了。根据标志词otherwise，相当于一个条件状语从句：If I hadn't have her phone number，即对过去的虚拟的条件状语从句，可以判断出主句用wouldn't have done表示对过去情况的虚拟，故选B。
38. B
【解析】考查虚拟语气的省略。句意：要不是老师们的支持，该生是无法克服她自己的困难的。根据句意可知，表示与过去相反的虚拟语气，虚拟语气中，be动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略，同时把were/should/had提前，即Were /Should/ Had +主语...，故选B。
39. B
【解析】考查虚拟语气用法。句意：如果Dewey先生在场的话，他会提供那里人们的任何可能的帮助。本题考查的是if条件从句与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故从句用had + v-ed，主句用would / could/ should / might + v-ed。故B正确。
40. D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我当时系着安全带。如果我没有系安全带，我就会受伤了。使用虚拟语气，根据if条件句用的had done可知，主句用would have done表示对过去情况的虚拟，而且I和injure是被动关系。故选D。