(新高考)高考英语二轮复习讲义 语法专项突破 专题4 第2讲　名词性从句 (含答案)

第2讲　名词性从句

名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子，它的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中可作主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句等。

Many students don’t know what they should do①，but what Xiao Meng wants to do② is to earn money.The reason is that she wants to lessen her parents’ burden③.It is said that many small companies need graduates to do part-time jobs②.Xiao Meng has applied for two jobs but she is not sure about whether she will be employed①.She also wonders when she will be admitted to a college① and which city she will go①.She is anxious for the news that she is admitted to a good university④.

1．名词性从句的引导词如下表所示：

2.名词性从句的语序必须是陈述语序。

Do you know where will the party be held？(×)

Do you know where the party will be held？(√)

3．what & that

that是连词，在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，也没有任何意义。而what是连接代词，在名词性从句中充当成分，通常充当主语、宾语、表语。

I believe that I will succeed if I study hard.

我相信如果我努力学习我会成功的。

I believe what he said because he is an honest man.

我相信他说的话，因为他是个诚实的人。

4．whether & if

(1)主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中表示“是否”，必须用whether。只有在it作形式主语的主语从句中，可用if。

(2)宾语从句中一般情况下whether与if 可以通用，但在以下情况下不能用if ，只能用whether：a.介词后　b．其后跟不定式　c．其后紧跟or not　d．引导让步状语从句

结论：在学生的写作中，只要表是否，一律用whether。

5．who & whoever

名词性从句中的who翻译为“谁”，带有疑问意味。而whoever则翻译为“不论是谁”，没有疑问。

Do you know who broke the window?

你知道是谁打破了窗户吗？

Whoever broke it will be punished.

不论是谁打破了窗户都得挨罚。

6．that不可省略的情况

(1)that引导主语从句且从句置于句首时；that引导表语从句时；that引导同位语从句时；当it作形式宾语，that引导的从句作真正的宾语时。

(2)当主句谓语后接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，第一个that可省略，其他的that不可省；

结论：学生习作中，that一律不省略。

在同一个谓语动词之后有多个宾语从句并列时，注意句子的理解，要知道后面的that从何而来。如

She said (that) she had broken up with her boyfriend，that she was heartbroken，and that she would never fall in love again.

她说她和男朋友分手了，她很伤心，而且她不会再爱了。

7．同位语从句位于表示概念或思维的抽象名词之后，对该抽象名词起解释说明的作用。常见的抽象名词有news，idea，fact，promise，conclusion，theory，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，word(消息)，possibility，decision等。

At first many people were astonished at the conclusion that the earth is not the centre of universe.

起初很多人对地球不是宇宙中心这一结论感到惊讶。

点对点练习

单句语法填空

1．What she wants to know is when the party will be held.

2．That he will give up his job surprises all of us.

3．Whoever did it should be responsible for it.

4．Where/Whether the meeting will be held this afternoon is not known yet.

5．The reason why he was late was that he was caught in a traffic jam.

6．I doubt whether he has the ability to do it well.

7．After what seemed a long time，he came to himself.

8．He said he was wrong and that he wanted to make an apology to us.

9．He expressed his hope that he would visit China again.

单句语法填空

1．By boat is the only way to get here，which is          we arrived.(2018·江苏)

答案　how

解析　考查名词性从句。句意为：乘船是到达这里唯一的途径，这就是我们如何到达的。分析which引导的非限定性定语从句可知，后面为表语从句。分析句意可知，这里用连接副词how引导表语从句，充当方式状语，表示“如何”。

2．Every year，         makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.

(2017·北京)

答案　whoever

解析　考查名词性从句。句意为：每年风筝做的最漂亮的人将会获得一份奖品。空格所在的从句是名词性从句，缺主语指人，根据句意，此处应该是不论谁。故填whoever。

3．We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20，half of          it used to charge.(2017·江苏)

答案　what

解析　考查名词性从句。句意为：我们选择这家旅馆是因为它价格低至一夜20美元，是其过去要价的一半。空格所在的从句为of 的宾语从句，从句中缺charge的宾语。故填what。

4．She asked me          I had returned the books to the library，and I admitted that I hadn’t.

(2017·天津)

答案　whether/if

解析　考查名词性从句。句意为：他问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了，我承认，我还没有还。根据句意，应该填是否，且此处为宾语从句，故填whether/if。

5．You have to know          you’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.

(2015·湖南)

答案　where

解析　考查名词性从句。句意为：如果你要计划到达那里的最佳方案，你必须知道你将要去哪里。根据句意可知填where。

名词性从句解题三步走

第一步：根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或者根据句式结构判断是否是名词性从句。

第二步：一旦判断是名词性从句，就根据名词性从句中缺少什么句子成分来确定选用什么连接词。若从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语，用连接代词。指物用what，whatever；指人用who，whoever。

第三步：如果不缺少主语或宾语，要看从句是否有疑问。如果没有疑问用that，有疑问则根据句意使用when，where，why，how，whether等。

层级一　基础达标练

单句语法填空

1．He was not looking for others’ smiles，or worrying about          someone was watching or not.

答案　whether

解析　考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导宾语从句，结合后面的or not可判定答案为whether。

2．Helen McCarthy，an author and expert on Japanese Cartoons，explained          the character is so popular.“Because Hello Kitty is all about happiness，friendship and fun.”

答案　why

解析　考查名词性从句。此处引导宾语从句，根据后面的Because一词可判定答案为why。

3．My first task was to decide where to go and          to get there.

答案　how

解析　根据常识可知，设空处表示“如何”，故填how。

4．Students can choose          they want to do and register online.

答案　what/whatever

解析　“         they want to do”为宾语从句，该从句缺少宾语，故填what或whatever。

5．Mr White is opposed to repairing the old building，and that’s          I don’t agree.

答案　where

解析　设空处引导表语从句，从句中agree 是不及物动词，其后不能直接接名词作宾语。故填where在从句中作状语。

6．The problem is          one less hour of sleep is not equal to an extra hour of achievement.

答案　that

解析　分析句子结构可知，is后为表语从句，从句的结构和句意完整，故填that。

7．Twenty-five years later the traveler returned to the same place.         he saw amazed him.He could not believe his own eyes.

答案　What

解析　设空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作宾语，表示事物；位于句首，大写首字母，所以填What。

8．Therefore，it is advisable          you should value and treat them with care.

答案　that

解析　“         you should value and treat them with care”为主语从句，该从句不缺任何成分，故用that引导。

9．They would appreciate it，to be frank，         the goods could be delivered as soon as possible.

答案　if

解析　would appreciate it if...表示“如果……将不胜感激”，it作形式宾语，if引导的从句是真正的宾语。

10．I asked him          his father had done so that he became such a good person.

答案　what

解析　设空处引导宾语从句，作asked的宾语，从句中缺少had done的宾语，指“什么”，因此用what引导该从句。

层级二　高考真题练

单句语法填空

1．It is not a problem          we can win the battle；it’s just a matter of time.(2020·江苏)

答案　whether

解析　考查主语从句。句意为：我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题；这只是时间问题。it是形式主语，whether引导的从句是真正的主语。故填whether。

2．The student completed this experiment to make come true          Professor Joseph had said.

(2020·天津)

答案　what

解析　考查名词性从句。句意为：为了使约瑟夫教授所说的成为现实，这个学生完成了这个实验。         Professor Joseph had said作make的宾语从句，该从句中，空处在从句中作said的宾语，表示“……所说的话”，因此应用what引导该从句。

3．While they are rare north of 88°，there is evidence          they range all the way across the Arctic，and as far south as James Bay in Canada.(2019·全国Ⅰ)

答案　that

解析　考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明抽象名词evidence的内容，故填that。

4．I’m not sure          is more frightened，me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.(2018·全国Ⅲ)

答案　who/which

解析　考查宾语从句的引导词。句意为：我不确定谁(哪一个)更害怕，是我还是那只不知从哪里突然冒出来的雌猩猩。

5．Scientists have obtained more evidence         plastic is finding its way into the human body.

(2019·江苏)

答案　that

解析　考查同位语从句。从句不缺句子成分，且解释说明抽象名词evidence的内容，所以用that引导同位语从句。故填that。

6．This is          my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.

(2018·北京)

答案　what

解析　根据设空处前的is 可以判断，此处是一个表语从句。 从句中谓语动词用法为teach sb.sth.，缺少直接宾语。故填what。

7．The gold medal will be awarded to          wins the first place in the bicycle race.

(2018·天津)

答案　whoever

解析　介词to后是宾语从句，从句中动词wins前缺主语，而且金牌给的是“任何……的人”，故用whoever引导宾语从句。

8．It is possible          caffeine may cause birth defects(缺陷) in humans，too.

(2018·11月浙江)

答案　that

解析　分析句子结构可知，该句是一个主从复合句，it作形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。

层级三　语篇提能练

语法填空

名词性从句篇

1．         worries my classmate Mary a lot these days is 2.         she puts on too much weight and she is frequently ill.She has some doubts 3.         she eats too much fast food high in fat or sugar.Also，with the college entrance examination approaching，she becomes more stressful and she can’t sleep well these days.Maybe this is 4.         she becomes fatter these days，she thinks.5.         she becomes slimmer and healthier has been her main task.So she wants to consult some experts and gain some instructions.But where she could get better suggestions and 6.         will give her better advice also puzzle her.It is her parents’ suggestion 7.         she should consult Professor Wang in Zhongshan Hospital.Professor Wang suggests 8.         she keep a balanced diet first.She should eat vegetables and fruit high in fiber，vitamin and protein.What’s more，if she wants to lose weight，she had better take regular exercise more than half an hour a day.Mary asked Professor Wang 9.         she should take exercise.Professor Wang advised her to take exercise at 5 o’clock in the afternoon.That is 10.   

she will have more time to do sports.It is with the help of Professor Wang that Mary has become much healthier now.

1．答案　What

解析　考查主语从句。分析句子可知，第一个空为主语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“什么，所……的”，故填what。

2．答案　that

解析　考查表语从句。分析句子可知，is后面为表语从句，从句成分完整，因此用that引导，that无实际意义，在句中不作任何成分。故填that。

3．答案　whether

解析　考查同位语从句。分析句子可知，doubt后接的是同位语从句，从句说的是doubt的内容，从句中不缺少成分，缺少“是否”的意思，故填whether。

4．答案　why

解析　考查表语从句。分析句子可知，is后接的是表语从句，从句中不缺少成分，表示“……的原因”，故填why。

5．答案　How

解析　考查主语从句。句意为：如何变得更苗条和更健康已经成为她的主要任务。分析句子可知，has been前为主语从句，从句中不缺少成分，表示“如何，怎样”，故填how。

6．答案　who

解析　考查主语从句。句意为：但是，在哪里她可以得到更好的建议，谁会给她更好的建议，这也让她感到困惑。分析句子可知，puzzle前为主语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“谁”，故填who。

7．答案　that

解析　考查主语从句。句意为：她父母建议她应该咨询中山医院的王教授。分析句子可知，it为形式主语，真正的主语为空后的从句，从句中不缺少成分，且意义完整，故填that。

8．答案　that

解析　考查宾语从句。分析句子可知，suggests后接的是宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分，且意义完整，故填that。

9．答案　when

解析　考查宾语从句。分析句子可知，ask接双宾语，空后为宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分，根据下文可知表示“什么时间”，故填when。

10．答案　because

解析　考查表语从句。分析句子可知，is后接的是表语从句，从句中不缺少成分，表示“原因”，故填because。

1．what引导的名词性从句最显眼

典例　(2019·6月浙江)我写信感谢你为我做的一切。

I’m writing to thank you for what you have done for me.

运用　(2019·6月浙江)让我印象最为深刻的是你领着我参观你们的城市，以便我尽快熟悉环境。

What impressed me most was that you showed me around your city so that I could be familiar with the environment.

2．同位语从句放在开头实力开篇

典例　(2020·7月浙江)听到你请病假回家的消息，我很难过。

I am sorry to hear the news that you have gone back home on sick leave.

运用　(2017·11月浙江)听说你今年寒假不回国，我想邀请你到我家来过春节。

Hearing the news that you’re not going back this winter holiday，I want to invite you to spend the Spring Festival with my family.

3．表语从句之前的连词要考虑周全

典例　(2016·全国Ⅲ)我很抱歉我不能和你一起按计划去书店了。原因是我那时有一个重要的会要参加。

 I’m sorry that I can’t go to the bookstore with you as planned.The reason is that I have an important meeting to attend then.

运用　(2018·北京)我建议你申请北京大学，原因是它的汉语言文学专业非常棒。

I suggest that you apply for Peking University.The reason is that its Chinese Literature major is perfect.

4．That’s because/why灵活简练

典例　(2018·全国Ⅰ)不要送钟、伞或者梨这样的礼物。这是因为它们代表不好的含义。

Don’t bring a clock，an umbrella or some pears as presents.That’s because they stand for bad luck.

运用　(2019·天津)我五岁时开始学画画，我非常喜爱绘画。这就是我想让你安排关于西方美术的讲座的原因。

I took up drawing at the age of five and I’m fond of painting.This is why I want you to arrange a lecture on western art.

5．注意名词性从句与虚拟语气的结合

典例　(2019·北京)我建议你从北京开始，我会带你游览这个城市。

I suggest that you begin from Beijing and I will show you around this city.

运用　(2018·全国Ⅰ)首先，建议你早到5－10分钟，这在中国的传统文化中是很常见的。

Firstly，it is recommended that you arrive 5 to 10 minutes earlier，which is common in traditional Chinese culture.