(新高考)高考英语二轮复习讲义 语法专项突破 专题4 第3讲　并列句和状语从句 (含答案)

第3讲　并列句和状语从句

考点一　并列句

Xiao Ming took his cellphone to school and① he played cellphone in class，so② his head teacher was very angry.He said to Xiao Ming，“Others are studying hard while③ you are playing hard.You either quit school or break the cellphone.④” Xiao Ming didn’t want to break his cellphone but⑤he couldn’t quit school.He thought to himself，“ Break it, or I will be dismissed.⑥”  If he was dismissed，not only would her mother cry but also his father would deliver him a spanking①.

上述所有连词在使用时，一定要注意连词所连接的成分都是同样的结构。如果连接单词则两边都是单词，如果连接句子则两边都是句子，如果连接短语则两边都是短语。不能出现一边是连接名词，另一边连接句子或动词短语等其他情况。如：

Not only can it help you improve your English，but also can help you find more friends.(×)

Not only can it help you improve your English，but also it can help you find more friends.(√)

1．not only...but also连接的两个并列分句，可使用部分倒装，但只倒装not only 引导的分句。

Not only does she treat us friendly but also she teaches in a humorous way.

她不但对我们很友好，而且还用很幽默的方式教学。

2．使用“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”结构时，一定要注意连词的使用，不能遗漏。

Walk straight down the road for about 300 meters，and you will see the hotel on the right.

沿着这条路直走大约三百米，你会发现这个旅馆就在你右手边。

注意：when可用作并列连词，相当于and at this/that time，意为“正在这/那时；突然”，常用于下列句式：sb.be about to do/going to do/on the point of doing sth.when...(某人正要做某事，突然……)；sb.be doing sth.when ...(某人正在做某事，突然……)；sb.had just done sth.when ...(某人刚做完某事，突然……)。

He was about to go out when the telephone rang.

他正要出去，电话铃突然响了。

He had just finished writing a report when the boss let him type a letter.

他刚写完一篇报告，老板就让他打印一封信件。

点对点练习

单句语法填空

1．At school，some students are active while some are shy，yet they can be good friends with one another.

2．The other day I was doing some grocery shopping when a man walked toward a group of us at the checkout stand.

3．Follow your doctor’s advice，or your cough will get worse.

4．John plays basketball well，but/yet  his favorite sport is badminton.

5．Henry is very smart，so many of his classmates like him.

考点二　时间状语从句

One Saturday morning，when I was listening to my favorite songs①，my mother asked me to do my homework first. However，as soon as she left②，I turned on my MP3 again.I didn’t start to do my homework until I heard somebody opening the door.③Hardly had I taken out my pen when my mother came back.④ My mum was very angry，“Every time I go out⑤， you will do other things instead of doing homework.It has been two hours since I left⑥.How much homework had you finished by the time I entered the room⑦？ You began to do other things the moment I stepped out of the room⑧，didn’t you？” It was half an hour before she stopped scolding me⑨.I hope I will get rid of the bad habits as time goes by⑩.I promise I will not do the same thing when she goes out next time①.

1．by＋过去的时间，主句用过去完成时；by＋现在的时间，主句用现在完成时；by＋将来的时间，主句用将来完成时。

I had remembered about 2,000 words by the time I graduated from junior high school.

到初中毕业为止，我已经记了大约两千个单词了。

By the time you come back，we will have finished the job.

到你回来的时候，我们将已经完成了这项工作。

2．before的特殊用法

(1)It will be＋时间段＋before从句(一般现在时)

It will be four hours before his flight arrives.

要过四个小时之后，他的航班才会到达。

(2)It＋was＋时间段＋before从句(一般过去时)

It was ten years before the couple met again.

十年之后，这对夫妇才再次相见。

点对点练习

单句语法填空

1．Not until we succeed in letting wildlife live in peace can we smile in relief.

2．Air pollution is getting more and more serious，so we must take action before it is too late.

3．He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.

4．While watching TV，children do not merely absorb words and images.

5．As he grew older，he became less active.

考点三　其他状语从句

I failed to pass the exam yesterday because I was careless①.I was so sad that tears came out of my eyes.②My teacher noticed this and she called me to her office.“Though you’re clever③， you didn’t perform as well as your deskmate did this time④. Why? He will make a mark where he makes a mistake⑤ and figure it out in his notebook.If you correct your mistakes⑥ as he does⑦ after the exam，you will make great progress next time.” I must learn from my deskmate so that I can pass the exam next time.⑧

1．让步状语从句

(1)although引导让步状语从句时，只能用正常语序；though引导让步状语从句时，可用正常语序，也可用倒装语序；as引导让步状语从句时只能用倒装语序，即从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首，若表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词。

Although/Though he may be troubled，he always presents a calm smiling face.

尽管他可能会遇到麻烦，但他总是露出平静的笑脸。

Child as/though he was，he helped me a lot.

尽管他是个孩子，他却帮了我很大的忙。

(2)although与though都可以与yet，still，nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用。

Although/Though it was raining hard，yet they went on playing football.

虽然雨下得很大，但他们还是继续踢足球。

(3)while引导让步状语从句时，一般置于句首。

While I admit that there are problems，I don’t agree that they cannot be solved.

尽管我承认有问题存在，但我不同意这些问题不能解决。

2．目的状语从句

(1)in order that与so that引导的目的状语从句

in order that比so that正式，引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后；而so that引导的从句只能置于主句之后。

Speak louder so that/in order that the people in the hall can all hear you.

大点声讲，以便大厅里的人都能听见。

In order that we get there on time，we should set out early.

为了准时赶到那里，我们应该早点出发。

(2)for fear that与in case引导的目的状语从句

for fear that表示“唯恐；生怕”；in case表示“以免，以防”。

Leave your key with your neighbor in case you lock yourself out one day.

留一把钥匙给你的邻居，以防哪天你把自己锁在门外。

3．结果状语从句

在so...that...和such...that...结构中，当“so＋adj./adv.”或“such＋n.”置于句首时，主句要部分倒装。

So anxious am I that I can’t sleep until deep into the night.

我是如此的焦虑以至于我直到半夜我才能睡着。

So fast did he run that I couldn’t catch him.

他跑得那么快，我抓不住他。

4．条件状语从句

unless意义上等于if not，在应用时如果不把握可以用if not 替换一下，讲得通的话，才能使用unless。

You’ll fail the exam unless you study hard.

除非你努力学习，否则你会考试不及格。

点对点练习

单句语法填空

1．Well，I’m working on a huge assignment and if I don’t do well，it will ruin my reputation as an excellent accountant!

2．He will never make progress in math unless he really wants to learn it.

3．Wherever she goes，there are crowds of people waiting to see her.

4．Supposing/Suppose(suppose) that they refuse us，who else can we turn to for help?

5．They agreed to lend us the car on condition that we returned it before the weekend.

6．My parents don’t mind what job I do as long as I am happy.

7．If guests are seated at the table，hosts may serve the food，or it may be passed so that each person may help himself.

8．Enjoying a fresh morning is important because/as it can set the mood for the rest of the day.

9．He speaks so slowly and strangely that it takes patience to understand what he is saying.

10．They treat her as though/if she were their daughter.

单句语法填空

1．         the average age of the population increases，there are more and more old people to care for.(2016·天津)

答案　As

解析　考查状语从句。句意为：随着人口平均寿命的延长，越来越多的老人需要照顾。as在此处引导状语从句，表示“随着”。

2．         some people are motivated by a need for success，others are motivated by a fear of failure.(2016·江苏)

答案　While

解析　考查让步状语从句。句意为：尽管有些人受到成功需求的激励，而另外一些人却被失败的恐惧激发。根据句意可知，这两句话之间为转折对比关系，故填While。

3．I really enjoy listening to music          it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.(2016·北京)

答案　because

解析　考查状语从句。句意为：我真的很喜欢听音乐，因为它有助于我放松，让我忘记一天中的其他忧虑。根据句意可知，句子前后为因果关系，故填because。

4．He is a shy man，         he is not afraid of anything or anyone.(2015·北京)

答案　but

解析　考查连词。句意为：他是一个很害羞的人，但是他不害怕任何事和人。 由句意可知，前后两句之间为转折关系，故用but。

5．We need to get to the root of the problem          we can solve it.(2015·天津)

答案　before

解析　考查时间状语从句。句意为：我们在解决问题之前需要找到其根源。根据逻辑关系可知，“找到问题的根源”在“解决问题”之前发生。before在……之前，引导时间状语从句，符合题意。

1．分析单词、短语或句子的逻辑关系或句式结构。

(1)完整的句子中，如果两个单词或短语并列，要填并列连词；

(2)若两个句子(两个主谓结构)之间没有句号或分号，也没有连词，空格处必定填连词。

2．牢记连词词义并能熟练运用是解答题目的先决条件。

3．注意固定句式中的连词。

层级一　基础达标练

单句语法填空

1．The explosion rocked the lake with such a force          dead fish immediately began to surface.

答案　that

解析　考查连词。本句用了such...that...结构，意为“如此……以至于……”。

2．In addition，forests have been decreasing rapidly          too many trees have been cut down.

答案　because/as

解析　考查连词。根据上下文语境看，此空应该填表原因的连词because/as。

3．Most importantly，remember the following old rule：try to eat different foods，         not too much.

答案　but/yet

解析　考查连词。根据语境可知，尝试吃不同的食物，但是不要吃太多。根据句意可知，空处应用转折连词。

4．Never lose heart          you’ll make a quick advance in your project.

答案　and

解析　本题为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”结构，根据句意可知，前后两句为顺承关系，故填and。

5．I had hardly sat down on the train and opened a bar of chocolate          an old man with huge bags sat down across from me.

答案　when

解析　考查连词。hardly...when...意为“一……就……”，为固定用法，符合语境，故用连词when引导时间状语从句。

6．If you visit Nepal，you will find Nepalese often greet each other with the hands pressed together instead of shaking hands，         in North America and the U．K.，people greet one another by shaking hands.

答案　while

解析　考查连词。根据语境可知，此处表示尼泊尔人双手合十打招呼，而在北美和英国，人们通过握手打招呼。该空前后为转折关系，表对比，故用while。

7．In the state of Iowa，         you live more than a mile away from school you can get a school permit.

答案　if

解析　句意为：在艾奥瓦州，如果你住在离学校一英里以外的地方，你就可以拿到学校的许可证。故填if，引导条件状语从句。

8．Ten years later I still keep in touch with my classmates，         I’ve never met them after graduation.

答案　though/although

解析　根据主从句的逻辑关系可知，设空处引导让步状语从句，故填though或although。

9．But for now，they all have to postpone their plans          the winter storms pass.

答案　until/till

解析　句意为：但是现在他们都得把他们的计划推迟到冬季风暴结束时才能实施。根据句意可知，设空处填until或till。

10．Scientists say it may be five or six years          it is possible to test this medicine on patients.

答案　before

解析　句意为：科学家说或许要五六年的时间才有可能将这种药物用于病人进行验证。设空处表示“在……之前”，故填before。

层级二　高考真题练

单句语法填空

1．—Why do people like pop music? I hate it so much.

—Even          it is not your style，that doesn’t mean it is bad.(2020·天津)

答案　if/though

解析　考查状语从句。句意为：——为什么人们喜欢流行音乐？我很讨厌它。——虽然它不是你喜欢的风格，但这并不意味着这种音乐不好。故用even if/though引导让步状语从句。故填if/though。

2．They kept their collection at home until it got too big         until they died，and then it was given to a museum.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)

答案　or

解析　考查并列连词。句意为：他们把自己的藏品留在家里，直到收藏量变得太大或者自己去世，然后这些藏品被捐给一家博物馆。根据语境可知，前后陈述的是两个可能性，应使用连词or。故填or。

3．         he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的) artist，they smiled and pointed down the river.(2020·全国Ⅲ)

答案　When/As

解析　考查状语从句。句意为：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。本句为时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”，且从句中动词asked为短暂性动作动词，不能用while引导，故应用when或as引导。句首单词首字母要大写。故填When/As。

4．I work not because I have to，         because I want to.(2019·全国Ⅱ)

答案　but

解析　考查并列连词。句意为：我工作不是因为我不得不做，而是因为我想做。not...but...不是……而是……，故填but。

5．Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents’ opinion          he wants their support.

(2019·天津)

答案　unless

解析　考查状语从句。句意为：汤姆是如此独立，以至于他从来不征求父母的意见，除非他想得到他们的支持。根据句意可知填unless。

6．       we don’t stop climate change，many animals and plants in the world will be gone.

(2018·北京)

答案　If

解析　考查状语从句。句意为：如果我们不阻止气候变化，世界上的许多动植物将会消失。此处应该用if引导条件状语从句；句首单词，首字母大写，故填If。

7．Let’s not pick these peaches until this weekend          that they get sweet enough to be eaten.(2018·天津)

答案　so

解析　考查状语从句。so that意为“以便，为了”，引导目的状语从句，符合语境，故填so。

8．If you don’t understand something，you may research，study，and talk to other people    

you figure it out.(2017·北京)

答案　until/till

解析　考查状语从句。句意为：如果不了解某个事物，你可以研究、学习、与他人探讨，直到(until/till)弄清楚。until/till“直到……为止”，引导时间状语从句，符合语境。

层级三　语篇提能练

语法填空

连词篇

Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook.Making Chinese dishes is seen as especially troublesome.Many westerners 1.     come to China cook much less 2.          in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.I still remember 3.          

(visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I was shocked 4.          I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.

5．         regularly eating out seems to have become common for many young people in recent years，it’s not without a cost.The obvious one is money；eating out once or twice a week may be affordable 6.          doing this most days adds up.There could be an even 7.        

(high) cost on your health.Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in weight problems.

8．         you are not going to suffer this problem，then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home 9.         dinner，get a few cooking tips from her.Cooking food can be fun.You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health 10.          in your pocket.

1．答案　who/that

解析　考查定语从句的关系词。先行词是westerners(西方人)，用who或that引导限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语。

2．答案　than

解析　句意为：许多来中国的西方人一旦意识到在外面吃饭是多么便宜，他们做饭的次数就会比在自己国家少得多。根据句意可知，此处为比较级，故填than。

3．答案　visiting

解析　考查动名词作宾语。remember doing sth.记得做过某事。

4．答案　when

解析　考查连词。此处为时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”，故用when。

5．答案　While/Though/Although

解析　考查连词。句意为：近年来，尽管经常出去吃饭对很多年轻人来说似乎已经很普遍了，但这并不是没有代价的。此处引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然，尽管”；句首单词首字母大写，故填While/Though/Although。

6．答案　but

解析　句意为：最明显的问题是钱；每周出去吃一两次饭可能负担得起，但大多数时候都这样做负担会加重。前后语义为转折关系，故填but。

7．答案　higher

解析　考查形容词的比较级。“副词even＋比较级”表示“更……”，强调程度。

8．答案　If

解析　考查条件状语从句。句意为：如果你不打算遭受这个问题的困扰，那么我建议你下次去你妈妈家吃晚饭的时候，向她学习一些烹饪技巧。故填If。

9．答案　for

解析　考查介词。go to your mum’s home for dinner去你妈妈家吃饭。for表示目的，意为“为了要，为了得到”。

10．答案　but

解析　考查连词。not only...but also...不但……而且……，为固定搭配，also可省略。故填but。

1．not only...but also...

典例　(2019·浙江)你告诉我的关于你国家的情况不仅开阔了我的视野，而且也激发了我学习外国文化的兴趣。

Not only did what you told me about your country broaden my horizons，but also it aroused my interest in learning foreign culture.

运用　(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)这次赛跑不仅丰富了我们的课外活动，而且增强了我们的意志力。

Not only did the race enrich our extracurricular activities，but also it strengthened our willpower.

2．祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句

典例　(2019·北京)提前从网上预订票和房间，你会有更多的时间去观光。

Book tickets and rooms online in advance，and you will have more time to go sightseeing.

运用　(2017·北京)上网搜索相关信息，你可以让你的旅游更加愉悦。

Surf the Internet for relevant information，and you can make your trip more enjoyable.

3．so...that...结果状语从句

典例　(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)他们的爆米花是如此的美味以至于很快就卖光了。

Their popcorn was so delicious that it was sold out soon.

运用　(2018·6月浙江)我是如此的害怕以至于我在马背上大声地尖叫。

I was so frightened that I screamed at the top of my voice on the back of the horse.

4．be doing...when...

典例　(2017·6月浙江)马克正在想接下来该怎么办，正在那时，一只手把他拉进了车。

Mac was wondering what to do next when a hand pulled him into the car.

运用　(2017·11月浙江)我们正在找地方搭帐篷，这时妈妈告诉我们她忘了带帐篷。

We were looking for a place to put up the tent when mother told us that she had forgotten to take it.

5．not until...

典例　(2016·10月浙江)直到第二天上午救援队才找到了她。

Not until the next morning did the rescue team find her.

运用　(2020·7月浙江)直到似乎过了半个世纪之后，我们才听到了直升机的声音。

Not until after what seemed half a century did we hear the roar of the helicopter.