(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义 教材知识解读 必修第1册　Unit 4　Natural Disasters (含答案)

这是一份(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义 教材知识解读 必修第1册　Unit 4　Natural Disasters (含答案)，共14页。



教材词汇要记牢
Ⅰ.阅读单词——我会认
1．tornado n．(pl.-oes or -os)龙卷风；旋风
2．drought n．旱灾；久旱
3．landslide n．(landfall)(山地或悬崖的)崩塌；滑坡
4．tsunami n．海啸
5．magnitude n．(地)震级；重大
6．evacuate vt.疏散；撤出 vi.撤离
7．helicopter n．直升机
8．crack n．裂纹；裂缝 vi.& vt.(使)破裂
9．brick n．砖；砖块
10．metal n．金属
11．revive vt.& vi.复活；(使)苏醒
12．revival n．振兴；复苏
13．unify vi.& vt.统一；(使)成一体
14．volcano n．(pl.-oes or -os)火山
15．typhoon n．台风
16．hurricane n．(尤指西大西洋的)飓风
17．whistle vi.吹口哨；发出笛声 vt.吹口哨 n．哨子(声)；呼啸声
18．summary n．总结；概括；概要
Ⅱ.重点单词——我会写
1．disaster n．灾难；灾害
2．slide vi.& vt.(使)滑行；滑动
3．flood n．洪水；大量 vi.淹没；大量涌入 vt.使灌满水；淹没
4．rescue n．& vt.营救；救援
5．damage vt.损害；破坏n．损坏；损失
6．destroy vt.摧毁；毁灭
7．shelter n．避难处；居所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽 vi.躲避(风雨或危险)
8．ruin n．& vt.破坏；毁坏
9．percent n．百分之…… adj.& adv.每一百中
10．trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n．险境；陷阱
11．bury vt.埋葬；安葬
12．effort n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
13．context n．上下文；语境；背景
14．supply n．供应(量)；补给；[pl.]补给品 vt.供应；供给
15．tap vi.& vt.轻叩；轻敲；轻拍 n．水龙头；轻叩；轻敲
16．pipe n．管子；管道
17．calm adj.镇静的；沉着的 vt.使平静；使镇静
18．aid n．援助；帮助；救援物资 vi.& vt.(formal)帮助；援助
19．crash vt.& vi.碰撞；撞击 n．撞车；碰撞
20．sweep vt.& vi.(swept，swept)打扫；清扫
21．wave n．海浪；波浪 vi.& vt.挥手；招手
22．strike vi.& vt.(struck，struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打 n．罢工；罢课；袭击
Ⅲ.拓展单词——我会变
1．death n．死；死亡→dead adj.死的→deadly adj.致命的→die v．死亡
2．affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动→effect n．效果；影响→effective adj.有效的→affection n．喜欢；喜爱；感情
3．shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使)震惊→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shocked adj.感到震惊的
4．electricity n．电；电能→electric adj.电的；用电的→electronic adj.电子的
5．breathe vi.& vt.呼吸→breath n．呼吸→breathless adj.气喘吁吁的
6．wisdom n．智慧；才智→wise adj.明智的→unwise adj.不明智的
7．suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→suffering n．受难；苦楚
8．erupt vi.& vt.(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出→eruption n．喷发
9．survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过→survival n．幸存；生还→survivor n．幸存者；生还者
10．emergency n．突发事件；紧急情况→emergent adj.紧急的→emerge vi.浮现；出现
11．deliver vt.& vi.递送；传达 vt.发表→delivery n．投递；送交
12．length n．长；长度→long adj.长的→lengthen v．(使)变长
Ⅳ.核心短语
1．volcanic eruption火山喷发
2．as if似乎；好像；仿佛
3．in ruins严重受损；破败不堪
4．in shock震惊；吃惊
5．in the open air露天；在户外
6．first aid kit急救箱
7．on hand现有(尤指帮助)
8．sweep away消灭；彻底消除
高频词汇来助力
1．ambulance n．救护车
2．ancient adj.古代的
3．anniversary n．周年纪念日
4．annual adj.每年的
5．antique n．古董，古玩
6．apartment n．公寓
7．apparent adj.表面上的；明显的
经典句式需悟通
1．Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings.
鸡甚至连猪都太紧张而不能吃东西，狗也不愿意进屋里去。
2．Soon after the quakes，the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
地震刚刚过去，部队派出了15万名战士奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。
3．The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday，killing more than 6,500 people in Indonesia，India，Thailand，Malaysia，and at least four other countries.
过去40年来最强的一次地震引起的海啸昨天登陆了亚洲海岸，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚以及其他至少四个国家的6,500多人死亡。
4．I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.
我正和我的三个孩子一起吃早饭，突然海水开始灌到我家。
5．However，dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.
然而，危险的状况以及受损的道路将会使得运送食物和物资变得困难。


Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共5分)
1．drought n．旱灾；久旱
2．evacuate vt.疏散；撤出 vi.撤离
3．revive vt.& vi.复活；(使)苏醒
4．whistle vi.吹口哨 n．哨子(声)
5．summary n．总结；概要
Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题2分，共20分)
6．disaster n．灾难；灾害
7．flood n．洪水；大量 vi.淹没；大量涌入 vt.使灌满水；淹没
8．rescue n．& vt.营救；救援
9．destroy vt.摧毁；毁灭
10．shelter n．避难处；居所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽 vi.躲避(风雨或危险)
11．effort n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
12．emergency n．突发事件；紧急情况
13．suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
14．supply n．供应(量)；补给；[pl.]补给品 vt.供应；供给
15．strike vi.& vt.(struck，struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打 n．罢工；罢课；袭击
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共14分)
16．death n．死；死亡→dead adj.死的→deadly adj.致命的→die vi.死亡
17．affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动→effect n．效果；影响→effective adj.有效的→affection n．喜欢；喜爱；感情
18．breathe vi.& vt.呼吸→breath n．呼吸→breathless adj.气喘吁吁的
19．erupt vi.& vt.(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出→eruption n．喷发
20．survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过→survival n．幸存；生还→survivor n．幸存者；生还者
21．deliver vt.& vi.递送；传达 vt.发表→delivery n．投递；送交
22．length n．长；长度→long adj.长的→lengthen v．(使)变长
Ⅳ.高频词汇(每小题1分，共5分)
23．antique n．古董，古玩
24．ambulance n．救护车
25．ancient adj.古代的
26．anniversary n．周年纪念日
27．apparent adj.表面上的；明显的
Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共16分)
28．volcanic eruption火山喷发
29．as if似乎；好像；仿佛
30．in ruins严重受损；破败不堪
31．in shock震惊；吃惊
32．in the open air露天；在户外
33．first aid kit急救箱
34．on hand现有(尤指帮助)
35．sweep away消灭；彻底消除

Ⅰ.单词拼写(根据汉语提示或首字母提示写单词)(每小题2分，共16分)
1．The brave firefighter rescued three children from the burning house yesterday.
2．The old farmer was very upset because the stones caused great damage to his wheat.
3．Some parents are just so protective that they want to shelter their kids from every kind of danger real or imagined.
4．She has been suffering from the loss of memory since she had that car accident.
5．His skill in dealing with emergency(突发事件) has earned him a reputation.
6．We should recognize our children’s efforts(努力) to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal.
7．The frequent natural disasters(灾难) have brought people in the area more than $4 million worth of damage.
8．The supplies(供应品) which are provided to the disaster area will be collected from around the country.
Ⅱ.词形变化填空(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)(每小题2分，共14分)
9．People were shocked to see that the little girl was often beaten by her stepmother.The shocking news shocked all the people around.(shock)
10．Buried(bury) in her graduation paper，Mary has no time to do a part-time job.
11．We measured the length of the living room and found it was 6.3 meters long.(long)
12．With the government’s aid，those affected(affect) by the earthquake have moved to new shelters.
13．Mastering some basic skills would greatly increase your chances of survival.Thanks to the swimming skills，he and his friend succeeded in surviving the terrible flood and they were the only two survivors.(survive)
14．Both of the ways are effective(effect) and which one to choose is really a matter of personal preference.
15．The deadly disease has affected many people and has caused at least 30 deaths up to now.(dead)
Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题2分，共10分)
16．我太焦虑，每天直到很晚才能睡着。
Every day I was too anxious to fall asleep until late into the night.
17．要求想参加此次采摘活动的人明天早晨7点到学校门口集合。
Those who want to participate in the picking activity are required to gather at the school gate at 7：00 am tomorrow.
18．大火持续了三天，给当地的居民造成了巨大的损失。
The fire lasted for 3 days，causing great damage to the locals.
19．他正在河边散步正在此时他听见了有人喊救命。
He was walking along the river when he heard someone crying for “Help！”．
20．但是天开始黑了，这使得我们更难找到回家的路。
However，it was getting dark，making it more difficult to find our way home.

Ⅰ.课文语法填空——复习本单元Reading and Thinking部分
On 28 July,1976，one million people ignored the strange things that had been happening in Tangshan and went to bed 1.as usual.At 3：42 am，a strong earthquake 2.which could be felt in Beijing shook Tangshan,3.causing(cause) great damage to the city.The whole city lay in ruins.Two thirds of the people who lived there were injured，and the number of people who were killed or 4.badly(bad) injured 5.was(be) more than 400,000.Not only factories and homes were destroyed，but also almost all hospitals where they could be treated 6.were gone(go)．People were shocked.7.To make(make) matters worse，another earthquake which was as 8.strong(strength) as the first one struck Tangshan again later that afternoon.It seemed as if the world were at 9.an end.150,000 soldiers came to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes 10.had been destroyed(destroy)．With joint efforts，the city began to breathe again.
Ⅱ.课文选词填空——复习本单元Reading for Writing部分

The tsunami which was caused by one of the most powerful earthquakes 1.crashed into coastlines across Asia on 27 December,2004,2.sweeping away people with huge waves and killing more than 6,500 people in some Asian countries.The quake which 3.struck around 7：00 am killed at least 1,870 people in Sumatra Island alone.In Sri Lanka，the number of people who died stood at 2,498 with 1 million more 4.affected.1,900 in India,254 in Thailand and 54 in three other countries were reported to have been killed.Many people were having breakfast when water 5.flooded in.Still thousands of people were missing and the number of 6.deaths was expected to grow.Foreign 7.aid was organised but the 8.delivery of supplies was difficult.

提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
affect v.影响；感动；(疾病)侵袭；使感染
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)The flood affected (affect) the area greatly，destroying houses and causing many deaths.
(2)Millions of people in the world have been affected with COVID-19.
(3)We were constantly affected by the stories of those who devoted their lives to fighting against COVID-19.
(4)More details about the murder have a bad effect(affect) on the whole society.
•be affected by受……的影响；被……感动
be affected with感染……疾病
•effect n．作用；影响
have an effect/influence on/upon对……产生影响
•affection n．喜爱

再提能力——完美写作·句式升级·背诵
(5)We were deeply affected by the film and couldn’t hold back tears.
Deeply affected by the film，we couldn’t hold back tears.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
shock vt.& vi.(使)震惊；震动
n．休克；打击；震惊
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)Looking at the house which lay in ruins in shock，he called 911 immediately to rescue the injured people who were trapped.
(2)All of us were shocked at the shocking news that many deaths had been caused by the mountain fire.(shock)
(3)I was shocked to hear(hear) the news that he had been fired by the company.
•be a shock to...对……而言是一件震惊的事
in shock吃惊地，震惊地
•shocked adj.感到震惊的
be shocked at sth./that...对……感到震惊
be shocked to do sth.因做某事而感到震惊
•shocking adj.令人震惊的

再提能力——完美写作·句式升级·背诵
(4)(普通表达)So many people were injured or died in the earthquake.All of us were shocked.
①(高级表达)What shocked all of us was that so many people were injured or died in the earthquake.(用what引导的主语从句改写)
②(高级表达)So many people were injured or died in the earthquake，which shocked all of us.(用which引导的非限制性定语从句改写)
bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)After the volcanic eruption，many houses were buried(bury) by ashes.
(2)The girl was sitting there，burying(bury) her face in her hands.
(3)Since his wife left，he has buried(bury) himself in his work in order to forget all things about her.
bury sth.in...把某物埋在……
bury oneself in＝be buried in埋头于，专心于

再提能力——完美写作·一句多译·背诵
(4)由于埋头于功课，他对外面的事情一无所知。
①Burying himself in his lessons，he knew nothing about the outside world.(现在分词短语作状语)
②Buried in his lessons，he knew nothing about the outside world.(过去分词短语作状语)
survive vi.& vt.幸免；幸存；活下来；生还；比……活得长
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)The local governments made great efforts to build shelters for people who survived(survive) the hurricane.
(2)Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe，surviving entirely on discarded(丢弃的) food.
(2019·浙江)
(3)As far as I know，the old lady survived her husband by 5 years.
(4)If he couldn’t find his way out of the forest，there would be little chance of survival(survive)．
(5)The plane crashed in an area of dense jungle.There were no survivors(survive)．
•survive sth.幸免于；从……中活过来
survive on靠……存活下来
A survive B (by＋时间) A比B活得长(……)
•survivor n．幸存者
•survival n．幸存；生还

再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵
(6)生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存，而在于学会在雨中翩翩起舞。(续写升华)
Life isn’t about how to survive the storm；it’s about learning to dance in the rain.
suffer vt.& vi.受苦；遭受；经历
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)People of the disaster area suffered a lot from the typhoon，and water supplies and electricity were hard to get.
(2)Drought continues to annoy many parts of China，with tens of thousands suffering(suffer) water shortages and millions of others affected.
•suffer from遭受……折磨；患……病
•suffering n.受苦，遭难；苦楚，苦难
•sufferer n.受害者；患者

再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵
(3)生活中总有一些起起伏伏，但是正是苦难让我们更加坚强。(强调句)(续写升华)
There are always some ups and downs in our life，but it is the sufferings that make us stronger.
strike vt.& vi.击打；罢工；(时钟等)敲响；擦(火柴)；撞击；侵袭；给(某人以……)印象；突然想起
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)The waves struck(strike)the beach constantly and swept away their footprints.
(2)Struck(strike) by the beauty of the West Lake，we stopped to admire it.
(3)The workers are coming out on strike for higher wages.
(4)It suddenly struck me that I would have an important meeting in Shanghai the next day.
•be struck with/by被……所袭击(感动)
It strikes sb.that...某人觉得……；某人突然想起……
sth.strike sb.(＝sb.strike on sth.)某人想到……
•be on strike在罢工
go on strike举行罢工
•表示“突然想到”的单词还有hit，occur。

再提能力——完美写作·一句多译·背诵
(5)John突然想起，他们可以帮助 Bernard为他的爆米花做广告。
(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)
①It struck John that they could help Bernard advertise his popcorn.(strike)
②It hit John that they could help Bernard advertise his popcorn.(hit)
③It occurred to John that they could help Bernard advertise his popcorn.(occur)
in ruins严重受损；破败不堪
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)90 percent of houses lay in ruins after the landslide and helicopters were used to evacuate people living there.
(2)We visited the ruins of the Summer Palace last winter.It was ruined by foreign invaders.(ruin)
ruin n.废墟；毁灭 vt.毁灭；使破产
be/lie in ruins成为废墟；毁灭
fall/come into ruin成为废墟；毁灭
ruin one’s hope/health毁掉某人的希望/健康

再提能力——完美写作·句式升级·背诵
(3)The heavy rain lasted two weeks，which completely ruined our holiday.
The heavy rain lasted two weeks，completely ruining our holiday.(用非谓语动词作状语改写)
as if/as though仿佛；好像
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)Listen，the whistle of an ambulance! It seems as if there is(be) an emergency.
(2)When a pencil is partly put into water，it looks as if it were(be) broken.
(3)The teacher just stared at me as if he had known(know) everything about the incident.
•as if相当于as though，意为“似乎，好像”，用在seem，look等系动词之后引导表语从句。
•as if/though还可引导方式状语从句。若as if从句描述非现实情况，则用虚拟语气。
①当从句表示与现在事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词一般用were)；
②当从句表示与过去事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用过去完成时(had＋过去分词)；
注意：若从句描述的情况发生的可能性很大，则不用虚拟语气。

再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵
(4)树林里很黑，似乎每一簇灌木丛后面都有一头凶猛的野兽。她越这样想就越害怕。
It was dark in the woods.It seemed as if there was a fierce beast behind every bush.The more she thought of this，the more frightened she was.

现在分词短语作结果状语
The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday，killing more than 6，500 people in Indonesia，India，Thailand，Malaysia，and at least four other countries.过去40年来最强的一次地震引起的海啸昨天登陆了亚洲海岸，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚以及其他至少四个国家的6，500多人死亡。
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)What has happened is hard to explain，leaving(leave) us puzzled.
(2)In severe cases，your body isn’t able to sweat，causing(cause) your body temperature to skyrocket.
(3)Some people try to knock me down—only to make(make) me more fierce，more protective and more determined to do better.
•本句中killing more than 6,500 people...为现在分词短语作结果状语。
•现在分词(短语)作结果状语常表示意料、情理之中的结果，而不定式(短语)作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果。
•结果状语表示的动作一定发生在谓语动词之后，所以一定不能使用having done，因为having done一定发生在谓语动词之前。

再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵
(4)我的英语非常流畅，这使得我和外国人自由地交谈。
I am fluent in English，making me communicate with foreigners freely.
(5)更糟糕的是，天开始黑了，让她不可能找到回去的路。
What’s worse，it was getting dark，making it impossible for her to find the way back.

提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练——清除阅读障碍
1．strike

(1)When I entered the room，the clock had just struck 10. F
(2)As an old saying goes，“Strike the iron while it’s hot.” You’d better go over what you have learned as soon as possible. A
(3)The girl struck a match and the warm light filled the room immediately. E
(4)They have been on strike for several days to get a higher pay. C
(5)A big earthquake struck the area last week，which then caused a terrible tsunami. D
(6)It strikes me that there is no one in the office. B
2．deliver

(1)The princess has been delivered of a healthy baby boy. B
(2)I’m having some flowers delivered for her birthday. A
(3)She is due to deliver a lecture on genetic engineering. C
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．He was trying to save the girl trapped(trap) in the burning house.
2.Working out regularly will affect(effect) your fitness positively.
3．The news that the athlete failed in the marathon due to a serious injury made us shocked(shock)．
4．Buried(bury) in reading the legend of a master in basketball，he didn’t make it to school on time.
5．How can you survive on such a poor diet？ Keeping slim doesn’t make sense if you’re not healthy.
6. Compared with those who are engaged in manual labor，teachers are suffering(suffer) greater mental stress nowadays.
7．It struck(strike) me that I would cheat cheat myself by pretending to understand what I didn’t.
8．The stadium and the gym lay in ruins after the big fire caused by careless smoking.
9．The schoolboys competed fiercely in the soccer match as if they were competing in a national championship.
10．To win an honour for his country，he didn’t give up even if he got injured in the race，setting (set) a good example for others.
Ⅲ.写作增分练——提升语用能力
(2016·10月浙江，读后续写)
1．在黑暗中，她太累太饿而睡不着觉。(too...to...)
In the dark，she was too tired and hungry to fall asleep.
2．她多么希望那些寻找她的人立刻出现啊！(who引导定语从句)
How she wished those who were looking for her showed up immediately!
3．起风了，把她冻得发抖。(现在分词短语作结果状语)
The wind was blowing，causing her to tremble with cold.
4．第二天早上，她正在找东西吃，此时她听见有人喊她的名字。(be doing...when...)
The next morning，she was looking for something to eat when she heard someone calling her by name.
5．极度的激动让她说不出话，她只是站在那里，喜悦的泪水顺着她的脸颊流下来。(it作形式宾语)
Extreme excitement made it hard for her to speak.She just stood there，tears of joy streaming down her cheeks.


请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。(文中加波浪线的句子为本单元的语法项目：定语从句)

Disasters such as tornadoes，floods，landslides，volcanic eruptions，typhoons，hurricanes and earthquakes have come one after another，causing great 1.damage to many countries.Among them the earthquake has the worst effects.The 1976 Tangshan earthquake caused more than 240,000 2.deaths.90 percent of homes lay in ruins and people 3.suffered a lot.Everywhere the 4.shocked survivors saw destroyed bricks and useless metals as if the world were at an end.Rescue teams dug out the trapped,5.buried the dead and built shelters.With unified efforts and wisdom of all people，the city revived itself and began to 6.breathe again.Earthquakes under the sea can also cause tsunamis.The tsunami that 7.struck Asia in 2004 crashed into coastlines and swept away many people.Foreign countries aided these areas by 8.delivering food and supplies by helicopter.(Tips for emergency：※Keep calm※Tap on a pipe or whistle for help※Stay away from power lines※Survive on what you have on hand.)

练基础——把下面句子合并成定语从句
1．Yesterday I bought a book.The book was written by Lu Yao.
Yesterday I bought a book that/which was written by Lu Yao.
2．The name of the book is World of Plainness.The book touched me greatly.
The book whose name is World of Plainness touched me greatly.
3．Sun Shaoping is the character I like most.He is a kind and hardworking young man.
Sun Shaoping，who is a kind and hardworking young man，is the character I like most.

技巧一点通
•定语从句是指一个句子作定语，修饰一个名词，该名词叫先行词。引导定语从句的that，which，who，when，where等叫关系词。其中that，which，who，whom常常在从句中作主语或者宾语。而whose常常在定语从句中作定语。
•在写作中，如果涉及两个简单句，而一个简单句的主语或者宾语恰好在另一个句子中出现过，就可以把两个句子合并成一个定语从句。

提能力——微写作
根据汉语提示并运用以上语法用英语写一段话
最近我一直在读一本吴承恩写的小说。这本名叫《西游记》(Journey to the West)的书非常有趣。别人都喜欢勇敢聪明的孙悟空，而我却喜欢懒惰可爱的猪八戒。
Recently I have been reading a novel that/which was written by Wu Cheng’en.The book whose name is Journey to the West is very interesting.Others like Sun Wukong，who is brave and clever.However，I like Zhu Bajie who is lazy but lovely.