(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义 教材知识解读 必修第1册　Unit 5　Languages Around the World (含答案)

这是一份(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义 教材知识解读 必修第1册　Unit 5　Languages Around the World (含答案)，共13页。



教材词汇要记牢
Ⅰ.阅读单词——我会认
1．bone n．骨头；骨(质)
2．shell n．壳；壳状物
3．symbol n．符号；象征
4．carve vt.& vi.雕刻
5．dynasty n．王朝；朝代
6．dialect n．地方话；方言
7．specific adj.特定的；明确的；具体的
8．tongue n．舌头；语言
9．semester n．学期
10．pants n．[pl.](BrE)内裤；短裤；(especially NAmE)裤子
Ⅱ.重点单词——我会写
1．billion n．十亿
2．native adj.本地的 n．本地人
3．attitude n．态度；看法
4．system n．体系；制度；系统
5．despite prep.即使；尽管
6．factor n．因素；要素
7．means n．方式；方法；途径
8．classic adj.传统的；最优秀的；典型的 n．经典作品；名著
9．regard n．尊重；关注 vt.把……视为；看待
10．character n．文字；符号；角色；品质；特点
11．calligraphy n．书法；书法艺术
12．affair n．公共事务；事件；关系
13．struggle n．& vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗
14．gas n．汽油；气体；燃气
15．petrol n．(NAmE gas)汽油
16．subway n．(BrE underground)地铁
17．apartment n．(especially NAmE)公寓套房
18．gap n．间隔；开口；差距
19．vocabulary n．词汇
Ⅲ.拓展单词——我会变
1．reference n．指称关系；参考→refer vi.提到；参考；查阅 vt.查询；叫……求助于
2．based adj.以(某事)为基础的→base vt.以……为基础 n．底部；根据→basis n．基础→basic adj.基础的
3．variety n．异体；多样化→vary v．变化；不同→various adj.各种各样的
4．major adj.主要的 n．主修课程；主修学生 vi.主修→majority n．大多数
5．global adj.全球的；全世界的→globe n．地球；地球仪
6．appreciate vt.欣赏；感激；领会→appreciation n．感激；欣赏→appreciative adj.感激的
7．beg vt.恳求；祈求→beggar n．乞丐
8．equal n．同等的人；相等物 adj.相同的；同样的→equally adv.平等地→equality n．平等
9．demand n．要求；需求 vt.强烈要求；需要→demanding adj.要求高的
10．description n．描写(文字)；形容→describe vt.描述
11．relate vt.联系；讲述→related adj.相关的→relation n．关系→relationship n．关系
Ⅳ.核心短语
1．refer to指的是；描述；提到；查阅
2．ups and downs浮沉；兴衰；荣辱
3．date back (to...)追溯到
4．no matter where，who，what，etc.不论……；不管……
5．point of view观点；看法
6．relate to与……相关；涉及；谈到
高频词汇来助力
1．appeal v．对……有吸引力；将……上诉；呼吁
2．appetite n．食欲；嗜好
3．approach vt.& vi.接近；靠近 n．方法
4．appropriate adj.适当的；恰当的
5．approve vt.批准；通过 vi.赞成
6．approximately adv.大约
7．arbitrary adj.任意的；武断的
8．assess vt.评定；估价
Ⅵ.经典句式需悟通
1．There are many reasons why this has been possible，but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.
这之所以成为可能有很多原因，其中一个主要因素就是中国书法体系。
2．Over the years，the system developed into different forms，as it was a time when people were divided geographically，leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.
多年来，人们按地域划分，使得书法体系发展成了不同的形式，从而导致多种方言和汉字的形成。
3．Even today，no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak，they can all still communicate in writing.
即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。
4．I used to get high marks in English，but now I’m having a lot of trouble with my listening.
过去我英语成绩很好，但现在我在听力方面有很多困难。
5．I also repeat what I hear to help myself to experience the feeling of the language.
为了帮助自己体会语言的情感，我也重复自己听到的内容。


Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共5分)
1．symbol n．符号；象征
2．dialect n．地方话；方言
3．specific adj.特定的；明确的；具体的
4．tongue n．舌头；语言
5．semester n．学期
Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题2分，共20分)
6．native adj.本地的 n．本地人
7．attitude n．态度；看法
8．despite prep.即使；尽管
9．means n．方式；方法；途径
10．classic adj.传统的；典型的 n．经典作品；名著
11．regard n．尊重；关注 vt.把……视为；看待
12．calligraphy n．书法；书法艺术
13．struggle n．& vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗
14．vocabulary n．词汇
15．affair n．公共事务；事件；关系
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共20分)
16．reference n．指称关系；参考→refer vi.提到；参考；查阅 vt.查询；叫……求助于
17．based adj.以(某事)为基础的→base vt.以……为基础→basis n．基础→basic adj.基础的
18．variety n．异体；多样化→vary v．变化；不同→various adj.各种各样的
19．major adj.主要的 n．主修课程；主修学生 vi.主修→majority n．大多数
20．appreciate vt.欣赏；感激；领会→appreciation n．感激；欣赏→appreciative adj.感激的
21．beg vt.恳求；乞讨→beggar n．乞丐→begging n．乞讨
22．equal n．同等的人；相等物 adj.相同的；同样的→equally adv.平等地→equality n．平等
23．demand n．要求；需求 vt.强烈要求；需要→demanding adj.要求高的
24．description n．描写(文字)；形容→describe vt.描述
25．relate vt.联系；讲述→related adj.相关的→relation n．关系→relationship n．关系
Ⅳ.高频词汇(每小题1分，共5分)
26．appeal vi.对……有吸引力；将……上诉；呼吁
27．appetite n．食欲；嗜好
28．approach vt.& vi.接近；靠近 n．方法
29．appropriate adj.适当的；恰当的
30．approximately adv.大约
Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共10分)
31．refer to指的是；描述；提到；查阅
32．date back (to...)追溯到
33．no matter where，who，what，etc.不论……；不管……
34．point of view观点；看法
35．relate to与……相关；涉及；谈到

Ⅰ.单词拼写(根据汉语提示或首字母提示写单词)(每小题2分，共16分)
1．Over the next 40 years，the world will be adding some 3 billion people if there are no extreme disasters.
2．As for students like us，we should have a good attitude towards life even if the cruel reality ruins our dream.
3．They have some supporting systems(系统) of these all around the world from one base to another.
4．A code uses symbols(符号) to replace words，phrases，or sentences.
5．Williams was impressed with Benjamin and had two classic(经典的) books on painting delivered to him.
6．I hope all of us can struggle together and survive all the sufferings.
7．Global warming has become one of the most shocking problems in today’s society.
8．When I listen to native(本国的) English speakers talking in a video，I can catch only a few words.
Ⅱ.词形变化填空(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)(每小题2分，共14分)
9．The majority(major) of the students are interested in her class，which makes her happy.
10．I would like to express my appreciation(appreciate) to those who always give me timely help and encouragement when I’m trapped by the flood.
11．All men are born equal，so everyone hopes to be treated equally because equality is the essential demand.(equal)
12．It was a challenging and demanding(demand) job，but anyhow we managed to handle it with joint efforts.
13．Would you like to give a detailed description(describe) of the rescue in which you saved 4 dogs?
14．I was wandering in a subway station when I saw a beggar begging for food.(beg)
15．We based our theory on the basis of practice，considering some basic factors.(base)
Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题2分，共10分)
16．我将有一个重要的会议要参加，这就是我不能和你一起去书店的原因。
I will have an important meeting to attend，and this is why I can’t go to the bookstore with you.
17．那是一段女孩没有权利去上学的时期。
It was a time when girls had no right to go to school.
18．无论走到哪里，他总是带着手机。
Wherever/No matter where he went，he took his cellphone with him.
19．听说你在学习汉语方面有困难，我写信给你一些建议。
Hearing that you have trouble learning Chinese，I am writing to give you some advice.
20．当听课的时候，你应该写下老师所说的。
When having classes，you should write down what teachers say.

Ⅰ.课文语法填空——复习本单元Reading and Thinking部分
Written Chinese has developed along 1.with China’s civilisation.2.It is difficult to say when exactly calligraphy 3.started(start)．Chinese writing was first done by 4.carving(carve) symbols onto bones and shells.Some of the ancient symbols can still 5.be seen(see) in today’s hanzi.These symbols had become 6.a well-developed writing system by the Shang Dynasty when Chinese people were divided 7.geographically(geography)，8.leading(lead) to many 9.varieties(variety) of dialects and characters.In the Qin Dynasty，the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction,10.which was important in uniting the Chinese people and culture.
Ⅱ.课文选词填空——复习本单元Reading for Writing部分

Three students 1.described their problems in English.Liu Wen used to get high marks in English，but he is having trouble with listening because he can’t get the main idea.Jia Xin improves her English by 2.means of listening to English programs and repeating what she hears.Her biggest 3.headache is how to be polite in English.Li Rui thinks if we are 4.equals，we only need a few words to bridge the 5.gap.But when we are talking to someone who isn’t very close to us，we must make it a question，not a 6.demand.For her,7.vocabulary is the biggest problem.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
refer vi.提到；参考；查阅
vt.查询；叫……求助于
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)He referred(refer) to the system that is related to the welfare of billions of people at the conference.
(2)The publishers reprinted and sold the book without reference/referring(refer) to the author.
(3)They always refer to me as a book worm because I am always addicted to reading.
•refer to指的是；描述；提到；查阅
refer...to...把……提交给……；让(人)参考……
refer to...as...把……称作……
•reference n．提及，涉及；参考；参考书目
in/with reference to sb./sth.关于
reference books/material参考书/参考资料

再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵
(4)如果你遇到了不认识的字，你可以查字典或者向他人求助。(应用文之建议信)
If you meet with the characters you don’t know，you can refer to a dictionary or turn to others for help.
base vt.以……为据点；以……为基础
n．底部；根据
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)Chinese characters are a writing system which is based on pictures.
(2)Based(base) on the earthquake that struck Tangshan in 1976，the movie After Shock is extremely striking.
(3)The allowance covers the basic(base) costs of maintaining a child.
(4)It is recommended that we should conduct physical examination on a regular basis(base)．
•base...on/upon...把……建立在……的基础上
be based on/upon...以……为基础
•basic adj.基本的；基础的
•basis n．基础
on a daily/regular basis 每天/定期

再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵
(5)队员们需要每天放学之后接受训练，并且定期被提供机会去观摩乒乓球赛。
(2017·全国Ⅲ，应用文之邀请信)
Team members need to receive training after school every day and are also offered opportunities to watch table tennis competitions on a regular basis.
major adj.主要的；重要的；大的
vi.主修，专门研究
n．主修课程；主修学生
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)Calligraphy is regarded as a major part of Chinese culture since the Han Dynasty.
(应用文之传统文化)
(2)However，the majority(major) of people are effective speakers because they train to be.
(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)


•major in主修……
•an English major英语专业的学生
•majority n．大部分；大多数
a/the majority of大多数
in a/the majority占大多数

再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵
(3)有些人中途放弃了，但是大部分参赛者都成功跑到了终点。(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，写作)
Some people gave up halfway，but the majority of the participants made it to the finishing line.
means n.方法；方式；途径
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)Ancient people recorded what had happened by means of carving varieties of symbols with specific meanings onto shells or bones.
(2)Watching films was regarded as a good means(mean) of entertainment when we were young.
a means of一种……的方法(means 单复数同形)
by all means可以；当然行；没问题
by means of借助……手段；依靠……方法
by no means绝不，无论如何也不，一点都不(置于句首时，句子要部分倒装)

再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵
(3)无论情况多么糟糕，你绝不应放弃。(应用文之建议信)
No matter how terrible the situation is，by no means should you give up.
appreciate vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会
vi.增值
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)From my point of view，we should learn to appreciate(appreciate) life and hold a positive attitude despite the ups and downs.
(2)I really appreciate your calling(call) back at your earliest convenience.
(3)I would appreciate it if you could recommend us some novels which are appropriate for us.
(应用文之求助信)
•appreciate (one’s) doing sth.喜欢/感激(某人)做某事
I would appreciate it if...如果……我将不胜感激。
•appreciation n．欣赏；感激

再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵
(4)我写信来表达一下我对你的感激之情，感谢你在我的英国之行所做的一切。
(应用文之感谢信)
I’m writing to express my appreciation for what you did for me during my stay in London.
equal adj.相等的；平等的；相当的；能胜任的
n．同等的人；相等物
v．与……相等，等于；比得上
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)I’m not sure whether he is equal to the task，but I still choose to believe him.
(2)In my heart，Michael Jordan is without equal in playing basketball.
(3)Men and women must be treated equally(equal) in education and employment.
•be equal to sth./doing sth.等于/胜任(做)某事
•equal sb./sth.in (doing) sth.在(做)某事上比得过、敌得过某人/物
•be without equal＝have no equal无与伦比
•equality n．平等；相等
•equally adv.相等地；同等地；公平地；同样地

再提能力——完美写作·一句多译·背诵
(4)注意个人卫生同样重要。
①Equally important is that we should pay attention to personal hygiene.
②Paying attention to personal hygiene is of equal importance.
demand n．需求；要求
vt.强烈要求；需要
vi.查问
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)The teacher demanded that we (should) struggle(struggle) to achieve our goals.
(2)Science graduates are in greater demand than liberal arts ones in China.
(3)Those who had held mentally stimulating(刺激)，demanding(demand) jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests.(2020·浙江)
(4)To the father’s annoyance，he found it hard to meet his son’s demands(demand)．
•demand to do sth.要求做某事
demand that...要求……(从句中的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略)
•be in (great) demand(迫切)需求
meet/satisfy one’s demand(s)满足某人的需求
•demanding adj.要求高的

再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵
(5)因为这是一项要求比较高的任务，所以经理要求我们加班来满足顾客们的需求。
Because it was a demanding task，the manager demanded that we (should) work extra hours to meet customers’demands.
date back to(＝date from)始于……；追溯到……(后接时间点)
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)Calligraphy is an art form dating(date) back to the Han Dynasty.
(2)On top of the mountain stands an ancient temple which dates(date) back to the Tang Dynasty.
date back(＝go back)追溯；上溯(后接时间段)
注意：date back (to)一般只用现在时态，没有被动语态。

再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵
(3)我向你强烈推荐的旅游景点是始于公元前478年的孔庙。(应用文之推荐信)
①The tourist attraction I strongly recommend to you is Confucius Temple which dates back to 478 BC.(定语从句)
②The tourist attraction I strongly recommend to you is Confucius Temple dating back to 478 BC.(现在分词作定语)
be of＋抽象名词
That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.
这种书法体系在凝聚中华民族和中华文化方面具有重要意义。
“be of＋抽象名词”相当于“be＋形容词”，这一结构可以说明主语的性质。常见的抽象名词有importance，value，use，help，benefit，significance等，这些名词可用great，little，some，any，no，not，much等修饰，用以说明程度。

能力提升——完美写作·完成句子·背诵
(1)2015年屠呦呦获得的诺贝尔奖对中国的医学很重要。
The Nobel Prize that Tu Youyou got in 2015 is of great importance to Chinese medicine.
(2)你给我们的建议证明很有价值。没有它我们不可能实现我们的梦想。
The advice you gave us proved to be of great value，without which we couldn’t have achieved our dream.

提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上单元词汇
Ⅰ.熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．Please give my regards to your parents.问候
2．Our cars are the equals of those produced anywhere in the world.相等物
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．The discovery of the new drug is of importance(important) to people who suffer from heart trouble.
2．Human life is regarded(regard) as part of nature and the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature.
3．The tsunami referred(refer) to in the report swept away about 2,000 people，shocking the rest of the country.
4．The novel was based on an earthquake which struck Wenchuan in 2008.
5．The tower dating(date) back to the Ming Dynasty was seriously destroyed in the flood.
6．Human beings have suffered a lot on account of varieties(variety) of disasters.
7．They survived in the fire by means of breathing through a wet towel.
8．Time is regarded as the most important factor in an emergency.
9．I would appreciate it if you could supply us with timely help.
10. Wisdom and efforts are equally(equal) important for success.
Ⅲ.写作增分练——提升语用能力
(应用文之回复求助信)
1．得知你数学不好，甚至想要放弃它，我对你很担心。(have trouble with sth.)
Knowing that you are having trouble with your maths and want to give it up，I’m concerned about you.
2．这就是我要给你写这封信的原因。(this is why...)
This is why I’m writing this letter to you.
3．实际上，几乎每个学生都会经历一段他厌倦某一科目的时期。(a time when...)
Actually，almost every student will experience a time when he is tired of some subject.
4．我建议你应该向你的老师寻求建议，老师将会尽他所能来帮助你的。(what引导的名词性从句)
I suggest that you should ask the teacher for advice and the teacher will do what he can to help you.
5．要牢记，不论你遇到什么困难，都要持积极态度。我相信你会度过这段艰难的时光的。(no matter what...)
Keep in mind that no matter what difficulties you meet，just take a positive attitude.I am sure you can survive the hard time.



请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。(文中加波浪线的句子为本单元的语法项目：定语从句)

When 1.referring to English，we know English is widely used in global affairs.No matter what kind of English people are speaking，native speakers have no trouble understanding the words like “gas”，“petrol”，“subway”，“apartment”，“pants” and other words 2.despite the small differences in vocabulary.But students whose mother tongue is not English are struggling with billions of words.On the other hand，from foreigners’ point of view，Chinese is regarded as a 3.demanding language.Firstly，the major language which is called Pu Tong Hua in China is hard enough to learn，let alone 4.varieties of dialects.Secondly，Chinese characters are abstract symbols for them.The writing system,5.dating back to the Shang Dynasty when people carved something with 6.specific meanings on bones or shells，is like strange pictures. However，based on the common 7.appreciation of these characters，some classic works are still read now.Besides，calligraphy is also an art form closely 8.related to Chinese culture.Both languages are of equal importance.We should learn them well to bridge the gap between cultures.

练基础——将下面句子合并成定语从句
1．This is the school.In the school he met his first love.
This is the school in which/where he met his first love.
2．He still remembers the day.On that day a girl wearing a white dress became his deskmate.
He still remembers the day on which/when a girl wearing a white dress became his deskmate.
3．He didn’t know the reason.For what reason did she choose him as her deskmate?
He didn’t know the reason for which/why she chose him as her deskmate.
技巧一点通
•关系副词主要有when，where和why。when引导的定语从句的先行词是表示时间的名词，where引导的定语从句的先行词是表示地点的名词，why引导的定语从句的先行词是reason。
•关系副词在定语从句中作状语。有时可以用“介词＋which”替代。

提能力——微写作
根据汉语提示并运用以上语法用英语写一段话
我仍然记得那个巷子，在那里我从自行车上摔下来腿受了伤。那是一大早，当时天还没亮。一个正在扫大街的老人送我去了最近的医院。我提出要还他钱，但是他拒绝了。我妈妈说他这么做的原因是他是我的天使。
I still remember the alley where I fell off my bike and hurt my leg.That was early in the morning when it was still dark.An old man who was sweeping the street sent me to the nearest hospital.I offered to pay him back but he refused.My mother said the reason why he did so was that he was my angel.