(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义 教材知识解读 必修第2册　Unit 4　History and Traditions (含答案)

这是一份(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义 教材知识解读 必修第2册　Unit 4　History and Traditions (含答案)，共14页。



教材词汇要记牢
Ⅰ.阅读单词——我会认
1．mansion n．公馆；宅第
2．cemetery n．墓地；公墓
3．philosophy n．哲学
4．descendant n．后裔；后代；子孙
5．heel n．足跟；(脚、袜子、鞋等的)后跟
6．currency n．通货；货币
7．military adj.军事的；军用的
8．conquer vt.占领；征服；控制
9．gallery n．(艺术作品的)展览馆；画廊
10．landscape n．(陆上，尤指乡村的)风景
11．butter n．黄油；奶油 vt.涂黄油于
12．honey n．蜂蜜
13．ancestor n．祖宗；祖先
14．courtyard n．庭院；院子
15．scent n．气味；气息
16．stew n．炖菜(有肉和蔬菜) vt.& vi.炖；煨
17．sensory adj.感觉的；感官的
18．transition n．过渡；转变；变迁
19．Wales威尔士(英国)
20．Scotland苏格兰(英国)
21．Northern北爱尔兰(英国)
22．Viking n．维京人；北欧海盗
23．Norman adj.诺曼式的；诺曼人的
24．Roman adj.古罗马的；罗马的 n．古罗马人；罗马市民
25．Irish adj.爱尔兰的；爱尔兰人(或语)的
Ⅱ.重点单词——我会写
1．Confucius n．孔子
2．individual adj.单独的；个别的n．个人
3．chief adj.最重要的；最高级别的n．(公司或机构的)首领；酋长
4．nearby adj.附近的；邻近的adv.在附近
5．legal adj.法律的；合法的
6．battle n．战役；搏斗vi.& vt.搏斗；奋斗
7．port n．港口(城市)
8．charge n．收费；指控；主管vt.收费；控告；充电
9．amount n．金额；数量
10．approach n．方法；途径；接近vt.接近；接洽；着手处理vi.靠近
11．ensure vt.保证；确保；担保
12．generous adj.慷慨的；大方的；丰富的
13．position n．位置；姿态；职位
14．snack n．点心；小吃
15．eager adj.热切的；渴望的
16．county n．(英国、爱尔兰的)郡；(美国的)县
17．feast n．盛宴；宴会；节日
18．roll vi.& vt.(使)翻滚；(使)滚动n．卷(轴)；翻滚
19．dot n．点；小(圆)点 vt.加点；遍布
20．cattle n．牛
21．roar vi.& n．吼叫；咆哮
22．ocean n．大海；海洋
23．greet vt.问候；迎接
24．pub n．酒吧；酒馆
25．wine n．葡萄酒；果酒
26．beer n．(一杯)啤酒
27．custom n．风俗；习俗；习惯
Ⅲ.拓展单词——我会变
1．puzzle n．谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑→puzzling adj.令人困惑的→puzzled adj.感到困惑的
2．defence n．防御；保卫→defend v．防御；保卫→defensive adj.防御的；保护的
3．legal adj.法律的；合法的→illegal adj.不合法的
4．surround vt.围绕；包围→surrounding adj.周围的→surroundings n．周围的环境
5．evidence n．证据；证明→evident adj.明显的
6．achievement n．成就；成绩；达到→achieve vt.达到；实现
7．location n．地方；地点；位置→locate vt.位于；找……的位置
8．fascinating adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的→fascinate v．使……入迷，迷住→fascinated adj.着迷的
9．announce vt.宣布；通知；声称→announcement n．宣布；通知→announcer n．广播员；解说员
10．poet n．诗人→poem n．诗歌→poetry n．诗歌(总称)
11．striking adj.引人注目的；显著的→strike vt.打击；攻击；打动 n．罢工
12．crowd n．人群；一群人；民众 vt.挤满；使……拥挤→crowded adj.拥挤的
Ⅳ.核心短语
1．join...to...把……和……连接或联结起来
2．break away (from sb./sth.) 脱离；背叛；逃脱
3．belong to属于
4．as well as同(一样也)；和；还
5．keep your eyes open (for)留心；留意
高频词汇来助力
1．carpenter n．木匠
2．casual adj.随意的；不定期的
3．cautious adj.谨慎的；小心的
4．ceremony n．仪式；典礼
5．certificate n．证明；证明书
6．challenging adj.具有挑战性的
7．changeable adj.易变的；变化无常的
8．characteristic adj.典型的；特有的 n．特征；特点
经典句式需悟通
1．They use the same flag，known as the Union Jack，as well as share the same currency and military defence.
像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面被称为联合杰克的国旗。
2．They had castles built all around England，and made changes to the legal system.
他们在英格兰四处修建城堡，并改革了法律制度。
3．Its beautiful countryside excites and inspires all，offering something for each of the senses.
它美丽的乡村给人以激情和灵感，满足各种感官享受。
4．The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes，with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.
“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。
5．With all this beauty，it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music，dancing，and dining.
乡村景色如此优美，在爱尔兰形成这些浓郁的包括音乐、舞蹈以及餐饮方面的传统就一点也不让人觉得奇怪了。


Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共10分)
1．mansion n．公馆；宅第
2．descendant n．后裔；后代；子孙
3．military adj.军事的；军用的
4．gallery n．(艺术作品的)展览馆；画廊
5．landscape n．(陆上，尤指乡村的)风景
6．butter n．黄油；奶油
7．ancestor n．祖宗；祖先
8．scent n．气味；气息
9．transition n．过渡；转变；变迁
10．Norman adj.诺曼式的；诺曼人的
Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1分，共14分)
11．individual adj.单独的；个别的 n．个人
12．chief adj.最重要的；最高级别的 n．(公司或机构的)首领；酋长
13．nearby adj.附近的；邻近的 adv.在附近
14．battle n．战役；搏斗 vi.& vt.搏斗；奋斗
15．charge n．收费；指控；主管 vt.收费；控告；充电
16．amount n．金额；数量
17．approach n．方法；途径；接近 vt.接近；接洽；着手处理 vi.靠近
18．ensure vt.保证；确保；担保
19．generous adj.慷慨的；大方的；丰富的
20．position n．位置；姿态；职位
21．snack n．点心；小吃
22．eager adj.热切的；渴望的
23．greet vt.问候；迎接
24．custom n．风俗；习俗；习惯
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共16分)
25．puzzle n．谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑→puzzling adj.令人困惑的→puzzled adj.感到困惑的
26．defence n．防御；保卫→defend v．防御；保卫→defensive adj.防御的；保护的
27．surround vt.围绕；包围→surrounding adj.周围的→surroundings n．周围的环境
28．evidence n．证据；证明→evident adj.明显的
29．achievement n．成就；成绩；达到→achieve vt.达到；实现
30．location n．地方；地点；位置→locate vt.位于；找……的位置
31．fascinating adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的→fascinate v．使……入迷；迷住→fascinated adj.着迷的
32．poet n．诗人→poem n．诗歌→poetry n．诗歌(总称)
Ⅳ.高频词汇(每小题1分，共5分)
33．casual adj.随意的；不定期的
34．ceremony n．仪式；典礼
35．certificate n．证明；证明书
36．changeable adj.易变的；变化无常的
37．characteristic n．特征；特点
Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共10分)
38．join...to...把……和……连接或联结起来
39．break away (from sb./sth.)脱离；背叛；逃脱
40．belong to属于
41．as well as同(一样也)；和；还
42．keep your eyes open (for)留心；留意

Ⅰ.单词拼写(根据汉语提示或首字母提示写单词)(每小题2分，共16分)
1．The power of the individual(个人) is limited while the power of the masses is limitless.
2．He then took the wallet to a nearby(附近的) police station after leaving a note behind to let the owner know it was safe.
3．The film festival should be a real feast(盛宴) for film fans.
4．He decided to quit the position after quarreling with the manager.
5．The man is battling(战斗) against the destruction of cultural relics.
6．She herself lived a simple or rather poor life，but she was so generous to the people in need of help.
7．Some of us were eager to take part in the class activities；others were nervous and anxious.
8．A waiter is greeting(迎接) the guests at the door of the pub.
Ⅱ.词形变化填空(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)(每小题2分，共14分)
9．Many people were puzzled at these puzzling puzzles.(puzzle)
10．We must take some defensive measures to defend our country against invasion.(defence)
11．Surrounded by trees and flowers，the surroundings of the cottage are quite beautiful.(surround)
12.The announcer announced the result softly，but the announcement made me shocked.(announce)
13．It was evident that the boy was fascinated by her fascinating voice.(fascinate)
14．I love poetry，especially the poems written by the most famous poet—Li Bai.(poet)
15．The meeting room is quite crowded with crowds crowding in it.(crowd)
Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题2分，共10分)
16．医生们尽最大努力救治那些在地震中受伤的人。
Doctors tried their best to save people injured in the earthquake.
17．当他到达停车场的时候，他发现他的车被偷了。
When he arrived at the parking lot，he found his car stolen.
18．看到如此可爱的狗被杀死，他的心都碎了。
Seeing so cute a dog killed，he was heartbroken.
19．所有的作业都做完了，他出去玩了。
With all his homework finished，he went out to play.
20．你昨天晚上睡得那么晚，今天发困不足为奇。
You stayed up so late last night；it is not surprising that you feel sleepy today.

Ⅰ.课文语法填空——复习本单元Reading and Thinking部分
The UK，which is also referred 1.to as Britain or Great Britain，is a 2.fascinating(fascinate) country with a long history.It is made up of four countries—England，Scotland，Wales and Northern Ireland.The four countries work together in some areas,3.but they also have some 4.differences(different)，such as different legal systems and national days.The UK was once taken over by four groups of people，who had 5.a great influence on the culture of this country in many ways.For example，the Romans,6.who came in the first century，built many towns and roads all over the country.The Anglo-Saxons 7.introduced(introduce) the beginnings of the English language.The Vikings left behind the names of many locations and the Normans had castles 8.built(build) all around England.If you have known the history and geography of this country，you will not 9.be confused(confuse) by what these different names mean.Studying the history of the country will make your visit much 10.more enjoyable(enjoyable)．
Ⅱ.课文选词填空——复习本单元Reading for Writing部分

The peaceful 1.landscape of Ireland and its many green counties is a true 2.feast for the eyes，with its rolling green hills 3.dotted with sheep and cattle.Down by the sea，the 4.roar of the ocean waves and the cries of the seabirds make up the music of the coast.On a quiet morning in the mountains，you can feel the sun on your skin and breathe in the sweet 5.scent of fresh flowers while birds 6.greet the new day with their morning song.With all this beauty，it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music，dancing and dining.If you want to have a chance to experience it，stop by a village pub and relax with a glass of 7.wine or a local beer.

提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
surround vt.包围；围绕
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)This county is surrounded by/with rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.
(2)The surrounding(surround) villages have been included into the growing city.
(3)The buildings have been designed to blend in with their surroundings(surround)．
•surround...with...用……包围……
be surrounded by/with被……包围
•surrounding adj.周围的；附近的
•surroundings n．环境

再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵
(4)绿树掩映，这个农场坐落于我们学校附近的山脚下。一条小河曲曲折折穿行其中。
(2020·全国Ⅱ，书面表达)
Surrounded by green trees，the farm is located at the foot of the hill near our school.There is a small river flowing through the farm.
charge vt.& vi.收费；控诉；充电
n．费用；指控；主管
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)We have enough confidence to charge you with abuse of power.
(2)The generous owner of the pub charged us only a small amount of money for wine and beer.
(3)The person in charge of the gallery announced that any individual mustn’t take pictures.
•charge sb.with (doing) sth.＝accuse sb.of (doing) sth.指控某人犯……罪
charge sb.money for sth.因某事/物收某人钱
•free of charge＝for free免费
in charge of掌管(表状态)
in the charge of被……掌管；由……负责
take charge of掌管(表动作)

再提能力——完美写作·单句写作·背诵
(4)上周我们就市民们能否免费进入科技馆进行了激烈的辩论。(议论文)
Last week we had a heated debate about whether citizens can access the Science Museum free of charge.
amount n．数量
v．总计，共计；相当于，等于
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)Large amounts of honey and butter were(be) used to make this kind of snack.
(2)A large amount of money was(be) spent on the construction of the school last year.
(3)Even worse，the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.
(4)Consumers spending on sports-related products amounted to￡9.75 billion.
•the amount of...……的数量
a large/small amount of＋n.[U]＋v.(单数)
large/small amounts of＋n.[U]＋v.(复数)
•amount to共计，总计；等于，相当于

再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵
(5)为了保持健康，有规律地做适量的运动是必要的。(应用文之建议信)
In order to keep healthy，it is necessary to take a proper amount of exercise regularly.
approach v．接近，靠近；接洽；着手处理
n．接近；方法；途径

先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)China’s approach to protecting(protect) its environment while feeding its citizens offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide.
(2)At the meeting，they discussed three different approaches(approach) to the study of maths.
•an approach to (doing) sth.(做某事的)方法/途径；接近，靠近
at the approach of在快到……的时候
•be approaching正在/将要接近
with...approaching在……快到的时候
•approach sth./sb.接近某物/某人

再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵
(3)随着高考的接近，很多学生变得越来越紧张。(用with复合结构)
With the college entrance examination approaching，many students are becoming increasingly nervous.
eager adj.渴望的；热切的
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)As soon as we came to the new city，we found ourselves eager to have(have) a taste of local snacks and beer.
(2)The young man was eager for a car after he graduated from college.
•be eager to do sth.渴望做某事
be eager for sth.渴望得到某物
•eagerly adv.热切地；急切地
•eagerness n．热切；渴望
with eagerness热切地；急切地
hide one’s eagerness掩饰某人的渴望

再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵
(3)当这个男孩被问及是否想要一个生日礼物的时候，他无法掩饰他的渴望，但他还是摇了摇头。(读后续写动作心理描写)
When asked whether he wanted a gift for his birthday，the boy couldn’t hide his eagerness.However，he shook his head.
break away (from sb./sth.) 突然离开；脱离；背叛；逃脱
break up打碎；分裂，解体；结束；(关系等)破裂
break down垮掉；出故障
break into破门而入
break in破门而入；打断；插话
break out (战争、洪水、火灾等)爆发

根据句意用break短语的正确形式填空
(1)The girl broke away from her mother and ran away.
(2)Fred has given me no good reason for wanting to break up our marriage.
(3)To my disappointment，the car broke down on the way to their wedding.
(4)When I got home，I found my house broken into and some money stolen.
(5)He was charging his mobile phone when the fire broke out.
belong to属于；是……的成员；是……的组成部分
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)Having sold most of his belongings(belong)，he almost had nothing left in the house.
(2)In my opinion，you’d better put the book where it belongs.
(3)The wooden house belonging(belong) to me is being decorated now.
•belong vi.应在(某处)；适应，合得来
•a sense of belonging归属感
•belongings n.所有物；财产
注意：belong to 没有被动语态和进行时态，用作非谓语要使用doing形式。

再提能力——完美写作·句型转换·背诵
(4)A tiger is a large fierce animal which/that belongs to the cat family.
→A tiger is a large fierce animal belonging to the cat family.
as well as 同(一样也)；和；还
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)Your wife as well as you is friendly to me，for which I am very grateful.
(2)As well as eating(eat) five-course meals，they drank seven bottles of wine.
•as well as常用来连接两个并列的成分，如名词、形容词、动词、介词，通常不位于句首。作“也，还”解，连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数与as well as前面的主语保持一致。
•用作介词时，as well as相当于besides，in addition to，意思为“除……之外”，后面通常接名词或动名词，尤其是位于句首时。

再提能力——完美写作·一句多译·背诵
(3)不但他的太太，而且连他的孩子们都被邀请去参加聚会。
①His children as well as his wife were invited to the party.(as well as)
②Not only his wife but also his children were invited to the party.(not only...but also...)
with复合结构
The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes，with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.
“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)With time going(go) by，I can distinguish between good and evil.
(2)With all the data analysed(analyse)，I can make scientific inferences easily now.
(3)With too much work to do(do)，I suffer from anxiety and can’t sleep well at night.
(4)With tears of joy in her eyes，she witnessed her daughter’s wedding.
with复合结构在句中作状语和定语，其结构为：
•with＋宾语＋to do(表示将来的动作)
•with＋宾语＋doing(表示主动或进行)
•with＋宾语＋done(表示被动或完成)
•with＋宾语＋介词短语/adj./adv.

再提能力——完美写作·句式升级·背诵
(5)(普通表达)Tom threw himself into his mother’s arms and tears of shame and embarrassment welled up in his eyes.(读后续写之羞愧心理描写)
①(高级表达)Tom threw himself into his mother’s arms，with tears of shame and embarrassment welling up in his eyes.(用with复合结构改写)
②(高级表达)Tom threw himself into his mother’s arms，tears of shame and embarrassment welling up in his eyes.(用独立主格结构改写)

提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练——清除阅读障碍
charge

1．The young man was charged with abusing drugs. B
2．My father took charge of the company 5 years ago. A
3．Have you got your phone charged? It was power off just now. D
4．Luckily，the wolf didn’t charge again after I used wolf spray. E
5．The old man charged me 10 dollars for a bottle of honey. C
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．A province attempted to break away from the country，which accounted for why the president was upset.
2．The identity card doesn’t belong to me，though the picture looks particularly similar to me.
3．As well as telling(tell) interesting stories，the author gave some tips to protect our privacy.
4．Surrounded(surround) by people making fun of him，he felt nothing can be more embarrassing.
5. Keep it in mind to charge(charge) the battery before the machine stops functioning.
6．The only approach to solving(solve) the problem is discussing it at the conference.
7．I am eager to keep(keep) myself updated with the latest news by surfing the Internet.
8．The supermarket was crowded with people who wanted to buy goods at a discount.
9．It is announced(announce) that the blog posted by the troll contains much false information.
10．Seeing the familiar poet made the girl excited(excite)．She still remembered the guidelines given(give) by him.
Ⅲ.写作增分练——提升语用能力
(参考词汇：新冠COVID-19；感染affect；传染的infectious；抗击battle against)
1．在2020年初，武汉的医生们发现很多人感染了一种传染性疾病。(过去分词短语作宾补)
At the beginning of 2020，doctors in Wuhan found many people affected with an infectious disease.
2．当得知武汉需要援助时，许多医护人员冒着生命危险志愿前往。(状语从句的省略)
When knowing Wuhan was in need of help，many medical workers volunteered to go there at the risk of their lives.
3．他们夜以继日地工作，竭尽全力救助感染了新冠的病人。(现在分词短语作状语)
They worked day and night，making all efforts to save the patients infected with COVID-19.
4．由于采取了有效措施，武汉重新开始了呼吸。(with＋宾语＋宾补)
With effective measures taken，Wuhan began to breathe again.
5．每个人都尽自己的最大努力抗击疫情，所以中国恢复如此之快也就不足为奇了。(it is not surprising that...)
Everyone tried his best to battle against the epidemic，so it was not surprising that China recovered so soon.


请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。(文中加波浪线的句子为本单元的语法项目：过去分词作定语和宾补)

When studying in the UK，I was no longer puzzled about when England got Wales，Scotland and Ireland 1.joined to it or when the southern part of Ireland broke away.The four countries 2.belonging to the UK use the same currency and military defence，but they have different legal systems.I saw much 3.evidence that showed the Great Britain was invaded by the Romans，the Vikings as well as the Normans，who left their so-called achievements and influenced the names of locations and vocabulary.There were many 4.fascinating places，so I had to keep my eyes open.Later I traveled to Ireland where I found myself fascinated by the landscape.It was a feast for my eyes as if I were approaching a gallery in which I was 5.surrounded with beautiful pictures.Every day I was 6.greeted with the rolling mountains dotted with sheep and cattle，the roar of the ocean and the scents of flowers.I often had a sip of wine or beer in small pubs which 7.charged a small amount of money for their service.Once I talked about their customs with a crowd of Irish people who were interested in our Confucius philosophy，and they were 8.generous and shared with me a snack cooked with butter and honey.The journey was so striking that I’m 9.eager to go there again.

练基础——单句语法填空
1．A study of travelers conducted(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top destinations in the world.
2．The adobe dwellings(土坯房) built(build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired.
3．This is the first time that I have heard the poem spoken(speak) in English.
4．I was wondering why they kept the door locked(lock) for such a long time.
技巧一点通
•动词的过去分词作定语，被修饰词与之构成被动关系，且有已完成的含义。
①单个的过去分词用作定语，常置于其所修饰的名词之前。
②过去分词短语用作定语时，常置于其所修饰的名词之后，其意义相当于一个定语从句，但较从句简洁。
•过去分词作宾补，所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。过去分词作宾补的动词有两类：
①感官动词。如：see，watch，observe，look at，hear，listen to，feel，notice等。
②使役动词。如：have，make，get，keep，leave等。
提能力——微写作
根据汉语提示并运用以上语法用英语写一段话
《金刚川》(The Sacrifice)是一部由张译和吴京主演的电影。我已经看过好几次了。每次到影院去，我都会发现许多人感动到流泪。我希望看到更多基于历史的电影。
The Sacrifice is a film starred by Zhang Yi and Wu Jing.I have seen it several times.Every time I go to the cinema，I find many people moved to tears.I hope to see more movies based on history.