(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义 教材知识解读 必修第3册　Unit 4　Space Exploration (含答案)

这是一份(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义 教材知识解读 必修第3册　Unit 4　Space Exploration (含答案)，共14页。



教材词汇要记牢
Ⅰ.阅读单词——我会认
1．procedure n．程序；步骤；手续
2．cm abbr.(centimetre or centimeter)厘米
3．rocket n．火箭；火箭弹
4．gravity n．重力；引力
5．frontier n．边境；国界；边远地区
6．vehicle n．交通工具；车辆
7．satellite n．人造卫星；卫星
8．orbit n．(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围 vt.& vi.沿轨道运行；环绕……运行
9．giant adj.巨大的；伟大的 n．巨人；巨兽；伟人
10．leap n．跳跃；剧增；剧变(leapt，leapt/lept/or leaped，leaped)vi.& vt.跳过；跃过
11．agency n．(政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处
12．transmit vt.& vi.传输；发送
13．data n．[pl.]资料；数据
14．ongoing adj.持续存在的；仍在进行的；不断发展的
15．spacecraft n．航天器；宇宙飞船
16．spacewalk n．太空行走；太空行走的时间
17．jade n．玉；翡翠；玉器
18．dock vi.& vt.(两架航天器)对接；(使)……进港 n．码头；船坞
19．sufficient adj.足够的；充足的
20．microwave n．(also microwave oven)微波炉
21．tissue n．纸巾；(人、动植物细胞的)组织
22．facility n．设施；设备
23．fatal adj.致命的；灾难性的
24．high-end adj.高端的
25．foam n．泡沫橡胶；泡沫
26．pillow n．枕头
27．mystery n．神秘事物；谜
28．oxygen n．氧；氧气
29．the USSR abbr.the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics苏联
30．NASA abbr.National Aeronautics and Space Administration(美国)国家航空与航天局
31．the International Space Station国际空间站
32．Mars n．火星
33．Jupiter n．木星
Ⅱ.重点单词——我会写
1．astronaut n．宇航员；太空人
2．mental adj.精神的；思想的
3．universe n．宇宙；天地万物
4．launch vt.& n．发射；发起；上市
5．mankind n．人类
6．signal vt.& vi.标志着；标明；发信号 n．信号；标志
7．recycle vt.回收利用；再利用
8．muscle n．肌肉；实力；影响力
9．float vi.浮动；漂流；漂浮 vt.使浮动；使漂流
10．otherwise adv.否则；要不然
11．beyond prep.在更远处；超出
12．soap n．肥皂
13．towel n．毛巾；抹布
14．keen adj.热衷的；渴望的
15．globe n．地球；世界；地球仪
16．shallow adj.肤浅的；浅的
17．pattern n．模式；图案；模范
18．monitor n．监视器；监测仪 vt.监视；监测；监控
19．smartphone n．智能手机
20．resource n．资源；财力；物力
21．attach vt.系；绑；贴
Ⅲ.拓展单词——我会变
1．intelligent adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→intelligence n．智慧
2．determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的→determine vt.查明；确定；决定→determination n．决心；果断
3．disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的→disappoint vt.使失望→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointment n．失望；沮丧
4．desire n．渴望；欲望 vt.渴望；期望→desired adj.渴望的，想要的
5．independent adj.独立的；自立的→independently adv.独立地；自立地→independence n．独立；自立→depend vi.依靠
6．lack vt.缺乏；没有 n．缺乏；短缺→lacking adj.缺乏的；不足的
7．argue vt.& vi.论证；争辩；争论→argument n．争论；争吵；论点
8．analysis n．(对事物的)分析；分析结果→analyz(s)e v．分析
9．regular adj.定期的；经常的；正常的→regularly adv.有规律地；经常；定期地
10．limited adj.有限的→limitless adj.无限的→limit vt.& n．限制
Ⅳ.核心短语
1．carry on继续做，坚持干
2．on board在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
3．in the hope of doing sth.抱着……的希望
4．so as to (do sth.)为了；以便
5．figure out弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
6．result in导致；造成
7．as a result所以；结果(是)
8．provide for sb.提供生活所需
9．in closing最后
10．run out用完；耗尽
高频词汇来助力
1．credit n．信用；赞扬；学分
2．criminal n．罪犯；犯人
3．currency n．货币；通货
4．customs n．海关；关税
5．database n．资料库，数据库
6．deadline n．最后期限，截止日期

经典句式需悟通
1．Afterwards，the USSR focused on sending people into space，and on 12 April 1961，Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.
后来，苏联集中力量把人送入太空，1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。
2．These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed，but the desire to explore the universe never died.
这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但是探索宇宙的欲望从未消失过。
3．Despite the difficulties，scientists hope future discoveries will not only enable us to understand how the universe began，but also help us survive well into the future.
尽管有许多困难，科学家们希望未来的发现不仅能让我们了解宇宙是如何开始的，而且还能帮助我们更好地生存到未来。
4．Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise.
宇航员在太空工作时必须用胶带把所有的东西粘在一起，否则所有的东西都会漂走。
5．Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal to achieve.
把人送到其他星球甚至太阳系以外不是一个容易达到的目标。


Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共13分)
1．procedure n．程序；步骤；手续
2．gravity n．重力；引力
3．vehicle n．交通工具；车辆
4．orbit n．(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围 vt.& vi.沿轨道运行；环绕……运行
5．giant adj.巨大的；伟大的 n．巨人；巨兽；伟人
6．leap n．跳跃；剧增；剧变 vi.&vt.跳过；跃过
7．agency n．(政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处
8．sufficient adj.足够的；充足的
9．tissue n．纸巾；(人、动植物细胞的)组织
10．facility n．设施；设备
11．fatal adj.致命的；灾难性的
12．mystery n．神秘事物；谜
13．oxygen n．氧；氧气
Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1分，共12分)
14．mental adj.精神的；思想的
15．launch vt.& n．发射；发起；上市
16．signal vt.& vi.标志着；标明；发信号n．信号；标志
17．recycle vt.回收利用；再利用
18．muscle n．肌肉；实力；影响力
19．float vi.浮动；漂流；漂浮 vt.使浮动；使漂流
20．otherwise adv.否则；要不然
21．beyond prep.在更远处；超出
22．keen adj.热衷的；渴望的
23．pattern n．模式；图案；模范
24．resource n．资源；财力；物力
25．attach vt.系；绑；贴
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共16分)
26．intelligent adj.有智慧的；聪明的→intelligence n．智慧
27．determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的→determine vt.查明；确定→determination n．决心；果断
28．disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的→disappoint vt.使失望→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointment n．失望；沮丧
29．desire n．渴望；欲望 vt.渴望；期望→desired adj.渴望的，想要的
30．independent adj.独立的；自立的→independently adv.独立地；自立地→independence n．独立；自立→depend vi.依靠
31．argue vt.& vi.论证；争论→argument n．争论；争吵
32．analysis n．(对事物的)分析；分析结果→analyz(s)e v．分析
33．limited adj.有限的→limitless adj.无限的→limit vt.& n．限制
Ⅳ.高频词汇(每小题1分，共5分)
34．credit n．信用；赞扬；学分
35．criminal n．罪犯；犯人
36．currency n．货币；通货
37．database n．资料库，数据库
38．deadline n．最后期限，截止日期
Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共14分)
39．carry on继续做，坚持干
40．on board在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
41．so as to (do sth.)为了；以便
42．result in导致；造成
43．provide for sb.提供生活所需
44．in closing最后
45．run out用完；耗尽

Ⅰ.单词拼写(根据汉语提示或首字母提示写单词)(每小题2分，共16分)
1．Could you tell me how and when the universe came into being?
2．The railway signal shows that the train will come，so you can’t pass now.
3．Thanks for your directions to the house；we wouldn’t have found it otherwise.
4．Many lifestyle patterns do such great harm to health that they actually speed up the weakening of the human body.
5．A dog’s eating habit requires regular(定期的) training before it is properly established.
(2019·天津)
6．The river is very shallow(浅的)，but you can’t swim in it because the water is polluted.
7．The shortage of water has become a global(全球的) problem that needs to be solved urgently.
8．Though lacking(缺乏) money，his family lived an enjoyable life.
Ⅱ.词形变化填空(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)(每小题2分，共14分)
9．Artificial intelligence has been used in phones，which makes them seem to be intelligent.(intelligent)
10．When asked whether he was determined to be an astronaut，the boy just looked at me with determination.(determine)
11．Though he was disappointed at the result of the examination，he tried to hide his disappointment in order not to discourage his son.(disappoint)
12．Since the country became independent in 1842，it has played an important role independently.Gone are the days when it depended on others for everything.(depend)
13．A person’s life is limited but knowledge is limitless.(limit)
14．An argument about whether people should carry on with space exploration took place at the conference and some people argued that we should stop wasting time and money on it.(argue)
15．Unsatisfied with the analysis，the researchers analyzed the data again.(analyze)
Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题2分，共10分)
16．每当数学老师提出问题，他总是第一个举手的人。
Every time the math teacher asks questions，he is always the first one to put up his hand.
17．他的迅速反应让老师很满意。
His quick response makes the teacher pleased.
18．他不但成绩好，而且经常帮助别人。
He not only studies well but also often helps others.
19．他有很多朋友，因为他容易相处。
He has many friends because he is easy to get along with.
20．工人们没有被组织好，否则他们会用一半的时间完成任务的。
The workers were not better organized，otherwise they would have accomplished the task in half the time.(2019·天津)

Ⅰ.课文语法填空——复习本单元Reading and Thinking部分
People have always wanted to explore space in the hope of finding out its secrets.After the mid-20th century，some scientists realised 1.people’s(people) dream of travelling into space with brave people 2.carried(carry) by spacecraft to learn more about the universe.Exploring space is not only 3.dangerous(danger) but also challenging.Accidents can still happen though scientists try to make sure nothing 4.goes(go) wrong.But the desire 5.to explore(explore) space never stops 6.because people believe they can overcome difficulties and be faced with those big 7.challenges(challenge)．China has made great progress in completing the manned orbit and spacewalk，studying the moon’s surface and 8.establishing(establish) a space station.9.To our joy，future discoveries will enable us to understand the universe 10.fully(full) step by step.
Ⅱ.课文选词填空——复习本单元Reading for Writing 部分

Countries around the 1.globe are spending lots of money and time on various space missions.Some people 2.argue that exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger by 3.analysing the data on land and weather 4.patterns recorded by satellites.High-end products created to initially meet the requirements for space exploration have been 5.regularly used in many industries.Besides,6.resources on our planet are 7.limited，and space exploration will help us to find an alternative home.

提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)People were disappointed at/by/with the news that the satellite had been launched unsuccessfully.
(2)One by one，the applicants left the interviewer’s office with disappointed(disappoint) looks on their faces.
(3)Much to my disappointment(disappoint)，I found he had told a lie to his mother.
•be disappointed at/with/by...对……失望
be disappointed to do sth.对做某事失望
be disappointed that...对……失望
•disappoint vt.使失望/沮丧
•disappointing adj.令人失望的
•disappointment n．失望，沮丧
to one’s disappointment令某人失望的是

再提能力——完美写作·单句写作·背诵
(4)对结果感到失望，他忍不住哭了起来。
Disappointed at the result，he couldn’t help crying.
desire n．渴望；欲望；愿望
vt.渴望；期望；想望
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)The boy has a strong desire for a smartphone with a large internal memory to play games.
(2)The teacher desired that all the exercises (should) be handed(hand) in before school was over.
(3)Since you have a strong desire to learn(learn) Chinese culture，I think Beijing Language and Culture University is an ideal place for you.(2019·北京)
•have a desire to do sth.渴望做某事
have a desire for sth.渴望得到某物
•desire to do sth.渴望做某事
desire sb.to do sth.渴望某人做某事
desire that...(should) do...渴望……

再提能力——完美写作·一句多译·背诵
(4)他母亲希望他长大后成为一名建筑师。
①His mother desired him to be/become an architect after he grew up.
②His mother desired that he (should) be/become an architect after he grew up.
signal v．标志着；标明；发信号
n．信号；标志；预示；信号灯

先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)We signalled(signal) to the driver in the hope of stopping him before he fell into the river.
(2)A man stood up and crossed his arms over his head，signalling(signal) that he was strongly opposed.
(3)Just like the traffic itself，the timing of the signals(signal) changes.
•signal (to) sb.to do sth.示意某人做某事
signal (sb.) that示意(某人)……
•traffic signals交通信号灯

再提能力——完美写作·单句写作·背诵
(4)司机匆忙把伤者送到了医院，忽视了一路上的交通信号。(读后续写动作描写)
The driver rushed the injured to the hospital immediately，ignoring the traffic signals all the way.
on board在船(车、飞机等)上；在宇宙飞船上
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)The passengers on board are disappointed at the current accommodation on the ship.
(2)Six months ago Xie Lei said goodbye to her family and friends in China and boarded(board) a plane for London.
(3)The hurricane was so strong that all the passengers aboard(board) the ship fell into the river.
•board n．板；木板；委员会；董事会；伙食；膳食
•board v．登上(船、车、飞机等)；寄宿
board a ship/plane/train登上船/飞机/火车
board in a foreign family寄宿在一个外国家庭
a boarding school寄宿制学校
•aboard adv.& prep.在船(飞机、火车等)上；上船(飞机、火车等)
go aboard上船(飞机、火车等)
•abroad adv.在国外；到国外
go abroad出国

再提能力——完美写作·单句写作·背诵
(4)通过寄宿在一个外国家庭里，你可以更好地了解这个国家的文化习俗。(应用文之建议信)
By boarding in a foreign family，you can have a better understanding of this country’s culture and customs.
lack vt.缺乏；缺少；没有
n．缺乏；短缺

先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)Lacking(lack) sufficient oxygen，the astronaut could not carry on with his mission.
(2)Later，he worked in Africa，where many people suffered from blindness for lack of proper treatment.(2020·江苏)
(3)It is obvious that the young girl is lacking(lack) in useful skills.
•(a) lack of缺少……
for/through lack of因缺少……
•lacking adj.不足的；缺乏的
be lacking in在……方面缺乏

再提能力——完美写作·句式升级·背诵
(4)Though Jack lacked experience，he made up for it in enthusiasm.
Though lacking experience，Jack made up for it in enthusiasm.(用省略句改写)
argue vt.& vi.争论；争辩；论证
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)He often argues with his son about/over recycling water so as to cut down the water bill.
(2)Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space.
(3)Most of the members argued for his plan，which made him satisfied.
(4)Why did he have an argument(argue) with his wife yesterday?
(5)They argued him into withdrawing his complaint.
•argue with sb.about/over sth.因某事与某人争吵/争论
argue for/against (doing) sth.据理赞成/反对(做)某事
argue that...主张……，认为……
argue sb. into/out of doing sth.说服某人做/不做某事
•argument n．争论；争辩；争吵；论点

再提能力——完美写作·单句写作·背诵
(6)60%的受采访者支持垃圾分类并且声称他们也会在日常生活中这么做。(议论文)
60% of the interviewees argue for rubbish classification and claim that they will do this in their daily life.
attach v.系；绑；贴；把……固定；重视
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)The professor attaches great importance to the analysis of the data.
(2)Please attach your photograph to this application form.
(3)With time going by，Claire seemed to be more attached(attach) to Tony，the robot.
•attach...to...把……附在……上
attach importance/significance/value/weight/...to...
认为……有重要性/意义/价值/分量等
•attached adj.附加的；依恋的，爱慕的
be attached to喜欢，依恋；附属于

再提能力——完美写作·单句写作·背诵
(4)在学习语言的过程中，你再怎么强调阅读的重要性也不为过。(应用文之建议信)
You can never attach too much importance to reading during the course of learning language.
run out用完；耗尽(物作主语，无被动语态)
先练基础——根据句意用run短语的正确形式填空
(1)I was reading in a bookstore when I ran across an old friend there yesterday.
(2)I nearly ran into a bus when it stopped suddenly in front of me.
run out of用光，用完(人作主语，有被动语态)
run across偶然遇到
run after追逐；追求
run into撞上；遇上，偶然遇到；碰上(困境、麻烦等)

再提能力——完美写作·一句多译·背诵
(3)我们的钱快花完了。我们该怎么办？
① Our money is running out.What should we do?
② We are running out of our money.What should we do?
otherwise的用法
Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise.
宇航员在太空工作时必须用胶带把所有的东西粘在一起，否则所有的东西都会漂走。
先练基础——一词多义
写出下列句子中otherwise的词性和汉语意思
(1)My parents lent me the money.Otherwise，I couldn’t have afforded the trip.adv.否则；不然
(2)There was some music playing upstairs.Otherwise the house was silent.adv.除此以外
(3)It is not permitted to sell or otherwise distribute copies of past examination papers.adv.以其他方式
•otherwise用作连词时，有时表示一种含蓄的虚拟条件，此时其后的句子用虚拟语气。
表示对过去的虚拟，其后句子的谓语动词用would/could have done，表示对现在的虚拟，其后句子的谓语动词用would/could do。
•otherwise还常用于句型“祈使句＋otherwise＋陈述句”。

再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵
(4)我们当时不知道你遇到了困难，要不然我们会帮助你的。
We didn’t know you were in trouble at that time，otherwise we would have given you a hand.
(5)我现在没带钱。否则我就借给你一些了。
I have no money on me now.Otherwise，I would lend some to you.

提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上单元词汇
Ⅰ.熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．The rent is high，but otherwise the house is satisfactory.在其他方面
2．Hot and cold air currents power the weather systems on earth.(气)流
3．Officials had not been allowed to monitor the voting.监听，监视
4．The barman gave free drinks to the regulars at Christmas.老顾客们
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．Mr Smith is determined(determine) to seek his fortune in the downtown area.
2．The young man had a strong desire to earn (earn) a living by himself soon after he graduated.
3．He had to seek help from his colleagues for lack of experience.
4．Those who ignore the traffic signals(signal) can’t escape being punished.
5．It was wise of him to admit what he had done otherwise he would have got(get) into series of trouble.
6．The diversity between minorities often brings about arguments(argue)．
7.Apart from the mild climate，the ethnic music also results in the prosperous tourism.
8.Afterwards，he seemed to run out of fortune and finally he lost all his possessions.
9．The prince had his servant attach a jade accessory to his robe carefully.
10．Spanish people were the first immigrants to settle(settle) down in the district.
Ⅲ.写作增分练——提升语用能力
(人物介绍)
1．李子柒是一个网红，也是第一个海外粉丝突破千万的中国视频博主(vlogger)。(the first＋n.＋to do)
Li Ziqi is an online celebrity，who is also the first Chinese vlogger to have more than 10 million fans overseas.
2．她的视频总是让乡村生活像梦一样美好。(make＋sth./sb.＋adj.)
Her videos always make country life as beautiful as a dream.
3．就连她的农家小院(farmyard)也显得住起来非常温馨。(sth./sb.＋系动词＋adj.＋to do)
Even her farmyard seems warm and sweet to live in.
4．通过上传视频，她不但在全球收获了上亿粉丝，而且传播了中国文化。(not only...but also)
By uploading videos，she not only gains hundreds of millions of fans around the globe，but also spreads Chinese culture all over the world.
5．被她的视频所吸引，许多外国人对中国的文化和乡村生活痴迷。
Attracted by her videos，many foreigners get fascinated by Chinese culture and country life.


请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。(文中加波浪线的句子为本单元的语法项目：to do作定语和状语)

Mankind has managed to create vehicles to carry astronauts into space.They 1.launch rockets carrying satellites.Many intelligent people are 2.determined to devote themselves to space exploration，even though space disasters which killed astronauts on board make them 3.disappointed.Besides，when living in space，the astronauts have to recycle dirty water so as to use it later.For 4.lack of gravity，their muscles become weak.They have to tape everything up,5.otherwise they would float around.They also need to figure out a way to store 6.sufficient food or oxygen，but people’s desire to explore space never dies. China is the third country to send humans into space 7.independently.This signals a giant leap forward for China.Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money on space exploration，which is a shallow view.Our planet’s resources are limited, we should find a new home to provide for the ever increasing population.In closing，we should carry on with space exploration.

练基础——单句语法填空
1．He got to the station only to find(find) the train had left.
2．In his speech，he expressed his determination to achieve(achieve) his goals.
3．The speed is high enough for us to catch(catch) up with the first liner.
技巧一点通
•动词不定式作定语时，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。当中心词为序数词，最高级，the last，the only等或中心词被这类词修饰时，常用不定式作定语。被修饰词是way，chance，opportunity，plan，ability等时，也常常用to do作定语。
•作目的状语的不定式前，常加上in order或so as，但so as不能位于句首。to do作目的状语放在句首时往往用逗号与主句隔开，但放在句中时则不用逗号。

提能力——微写作
根据汉语提示并运用以上语法用英语写一段话
要学好汉语，你必须利用每一个机会说这门语言。每一次你有一个想法要表达时，你都应尝试用汉语说。要勇于做第一个犯错误的人。(应用文之语言学习)
To learn Chinese well，you must make use of every chance to speak the language.Every time you have an opinion to express，you should try to say it in Chinese.Just be brave to be the first to make mistakes.