(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义 教材知识解读 选择性必修第2册　Unit 1 Science and Scientists (含答案)

这是一份(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义 教材知识解读 选择性必修第2册　Unit 1 Science and Scientists (含答案)，共14页。



教材词汇要记牢
Ⅰ.阅读单词——我会认
1．frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的
2．germ n．微生物；细菌；病菌
3．pump n．泵；抽水机；打气筒
4．epidemiology n．流行病学
5．vaccine n．疫苗
6．aerospace n．航空航天工业
7．patriotic adj.爱国的
8．contradictory adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的
9．subscribe vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)
10．household n．一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人
11．intervention n．介入；出面；干涉
12．raw adj.未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的
13．pure adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的
14．statistic n．[pl.]统计数字；统计资料；统计学
15．microscope n．显微镜
16．protein n．蛋白质
17．cell n．细胞；小房间；单间牢房
18．virus n．病毒
19．framework n．框架；结构
20．cast vt.投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷
21．rainbow n．彩虹
22．concrete n．混凝土 adj.混凝土制的；确实的；具体的
23．mechanic n．机械师；机械修理工
24．astronomer n．天文学家
25．telescope n．望远镜
26．mechanical adj.机械的；发动机的；机器的
27．aviation n．航空制造业；航空；飞行
28．jet n．喷气式飞机
29．missile n．导弹
30．trace vt.追溯；追踪；查出 n．痕迹；遗迹；踪迹
31．steady adj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的
32．astronomy n．天文学
33．furthermore adv.此外；再者
Ⅱ.重点单词——我会写
1．severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的
2．multiple adj.数量多的；多种多样的
3．suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象
4．blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．责备；指责
5．handle n．把手；拉手；柄 vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)
6．link n．联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联
7．decrease n．减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低
8．transform vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变
9．thinking n．思想；思维；见解
10．finding n．发现；调查结果；(法律)判决
11．solid adj.可靠的；固体的；坚实的 n．固体
12．shadow n．阴影；影子；背光处
13．pour vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)
14．leadership n．领导；领导地位；领导才能
15．outstanding adj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的
16．abstract adj.抽象的；理性的 n．(文献等的)摘要
17．concept n．概念；观念
18．besides prep.除……之外(还) adv.而且；此外
19．brilliant adj.聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的
20．fault n．弱点；过错
21．shift n．改变；转换；轮班 vi.& vt.转移；挪动；转向
22．vivid adj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的
Ⅲ.拓展单词——我会变
1．infection n．感染；传染→infect vt.使感染；传染
2．proof n．证据；证明；检验→prove vt.证明 link v．证明是
3．substantial adj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的→substance n．物质；物品；事实根据
4．initial adj.最初的；开始的；第一的→initially adv.起初
5．defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解→defense/defence n．防御；保卫
6．assistant n．助理；助手→assist vt.帮助；协助→assistance n．帮助；协助；援助
7．gifted adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→gift n．礼物；天赋
Ⅳ.核心短语
1．once and for all最终地；彻底地
2．subscribe to同意；赞同
3．thanks to幸亏；由于
4．break out(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发
5．in charge of主管；掌管
6．come down患(病)；染上(小病)
7．above all最重要的是；尤其是
高频词汇来助力
1．idiom n．习语；成语
2．ignore vt.忽视
3．illegal adj.非法的；不合法的
4．immediately adv.立即
5．immigration n．移民
6．import vt.& n．进口；输入
7．impression n．印象；感觉
8．incorrect adj.不正确的；错误的
经典句式需悟通
1．Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world，until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome.
在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。
2．He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.
他发现尤其在两条街道上的霍乱爆发是如此严重以至于十天内死了500多人。
3．Accordingly，he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.
因此，他让人把水泵的把手去掉，这样水泵就用不成了。
4．Born in Hangzhou in 1911，Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering.
钱学森1911年出生于杭州，在北京上学，后来考入上海交通大学，学习铁道机械工程。
5．He was willing to say what others were afraid to say，and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about.
他愿意说出别人不敢说的话，做别人不敢做的梦。


Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共7分)
1．frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的
2．pump n．泵；抽水机；打气筒
3．vaccine n．疫苗
4．jet n．喷气式飞机
5．patriotic adj.爱国的
6．steady adj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的
7．furthermore adv.此外；再者
Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题2分，共32分)
8．severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的
9．multiple adj.数量多的；多种多样的
10．suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象
11．blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．责备；指责
12．handle n．把手；拉手；柄 vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)
13．link n．联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联
14．transform vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变
15．solid adj.可靠的；固体的；坚实的 n．固体
16．shadow n．阴影；影子；背光处
17．pour vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)
18．outstanding adj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的
19．concept n．概念；观念
20．besides prep.除……之外(还) adv.而且；此外
21．brilliant adj.聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的
22．shift n．改变；转换；轮班 vi.& vt.转移；挪动；转向
23．vivid adj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共12分)
24．infection n．感染；传染→infect vt.使感染；传染
25．proof n．证据；证明；检验→prove vt.证明 link v．证明是
26．initial adj.最初的；开始的；第一的→initially adv.起初
27．defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解→defense/defence n．防御；保卫
28．assistant n．助理；助手→assist vt.帮助；协助→assistance n．帮助；协助；援助
29．gifted adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→gift n．礼物；天赋
Ⅳ.高频词汇(每小题1分，共5分)
30．ignore vt.忽视
31．illegal adj.非法的；不合法的
32．immediately adv.立即
33．import vt.& n．进口；输入
34．impression n．印象；感觉
Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共12分)
35．once and for all最终地；彻底地
36．subscribe to同意；赞同
37．thanks to幸亏；由于
38．break out(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发
39．in charge of主管；掌管
40．above all最重要的是；尤其是

Ⅰ.单词拼写(根据汉语提示或首字母提示写单词)(每小题1分，共9分)
1．Judging from what he said，I suspected him to be the thief stealing my electric bike.
2．Blamed by his teacher，the boy was frustrated and couldn’t concentrate on his study.
3．I’m old enough to handle my own affairs without my parents’ intervention.
4．The number of new students in this school decreased from 2,100 to 1,600 this year.
5．Years of hard work transformed the young man into a poor weak old man.
6．He subscribes(同意) to the view that children can benefit from being independent.
7．As is known to us all，Lang Lang is a gifted(有天赋的) pianist and attracts lots of attention at home and abroad.
8．We thought it would make a difference in helping him step out of the shadow(阴影) of that accident.
9．What impressed me most was his vivid(生动的) description of what happened just now.
Ⅱ.词形变化填空(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)(每小题2分，共8分)
10．With solid proof，the lawyer can certainly prove that he is innocent.(prove)
11．Initially，I entirely knew about the initial steps they took to create a better campus.(initial)
12．The traveler may fire at a wild beast in defence/defense(defend) of himself in case he is attacked.
13．He，an assistant，came to my assistance；that is to say，he assisted me in finishing the impossible task on time.(assist)
Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题3分，共15分)
14．如果你遇到不懂的东西，可以搜索、研究以及和其他人交谈，直到你把它弄明白。(until引导的时间状语从句)
If you don’t understand something，you may research，study and talk to other people until you figure it out.
15．每天坚持写学习日记是如此重要，所以我想把这种学习方法介绍给你们。(so...that...)
Keeping a learning diary every day is so important that I would like to introduce it to you.
16．我需要一个新护照，因此我得照张照片。(have sth.done)
I need a new passport，so I will have to have my photograph taken.
17．由于专心绘画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。(过去分词短语作状语)
Absorbed in painting，John didn’t notice evening approaching.
18．我们老师总是告诉我们，如果我们想成功的话，就要相信我们所做的事情以及我们自己。(宾语从句)
Our teachers always tell us to believe what we do and who we are if we want to succeed.

Ⅰ.课文语法填空——复习本单元Reading and Thinking部分
John Snow became 1.frustrated(frustrate) when a severe cholera hit Europe in the early 19th century.At that time no one knew 2.how to prevent or treat cholera.3.However，he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all.After much research，Snow subscribed to the theory that cholera 4.was caused(cause) by an 5.infection(infect) from germs in food or water.Snow began by 6.marking(mark) on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived.As 7.a result，John Snow was able to announce that the pump water 8.carried(carry) cholera germs.9.Accordingly (according)，he had the handle of the pump 10.removed(remove) so that it could not be used.Through this intervention，the disease was defeated.
Ⅱ.课文选词填空——复习本单元Using Language部分

The following are two great scientists.Qian Xuesen，a Chinese with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit”，was patriotic and served his homeland with effort，achievement and devotion.He realised that China urgently needed its own air force to 1.defend the country.So he returned to China in 1955 and was put 2.in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme.Under Qian’s 3.leadership，China achieved a lot in both aspects.What made Stephen Hawking from the USA distinguished was that he was the champion of the big bang theory，which holds that the universe began at a single point in time and space.Not only was he 4.brilliant but also he was brave to admit his 5.faults.Hence，there is no doubt that both Qian Xuesen and Stephen Hawking are outstanding scientists.

提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
subscribe vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)
先练基础——一词多义
写出下列句子中subscribe to的汉语意思
(1)He subscribes to the view that we can tackle the severe problem in this way once and for all.
赞成；同意
(2)This is the school your father subscribed to generously in the past.捐助
(3)Using the money I earned in the holiday，I have subscribed to several magazines recently.订阅
subscribe to同意；赞成；捐助；订阅(杂志或报纸)

再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵
(4)我们所有人都赞成这个观点，好的亲子关系是基于相互理解和尊重的。(应用文之人际关系)
All of us subscribe to the view that a good parent-children relationship is based on mutual understanding and respect.
blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责
n．指责；责备
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)He blamed his wife for the failure of their marriage.
(2)He blamed the failure of their marriage on his wife.
(3)In his view，his wife is to blame(blame) for the failure of their marriage.
be to blame (for sth.) (对某事)负有责任，应受责备
blame sb.for sth.因某事责备某人；把某事归咎于某人
blame sth.on sb./sth.把某事归咎于某人/某事

再提能力——完美写作·语段填空·背诵
(4)当和其他人相处时，我们不应该总是把错误归咎于其他人。毕竟，很多时候我们也负有责任。因此，我们应该多交流、换位思考，而不是指责其他人。(写作话题之人际交往)
When getting along with others，we shouldn’t always blame others for mistakes.After all，many times we are to blame.So instead of blaming others，we should communicate more and put ourselves in others’ place.
defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)The law allows people to defend themselves from/against a charge.
(2)She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands as if in defence.
•defend...against/from (doing...) 保护……免受……
defend oneself自卫；为自己辩护
•defence n．防御；保卫
in defence (of) 保护；为了保卫；(为……)辩护
in one’s defence为某人辩护

再提能力——完美写作·一句多译·背诵
(3)看到这条凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子。(读后续写之肢体动作描写)
①Seeing the fierce snake，he rushed to defend his son like an arrow.(defend)
②Seeing the fierce snake，he rushed in defence of his son like an arrow.(defence)
in charge of负责/掌管(表状态)
先练基础——一词多义
写出下列句子中charge的汉语意思
(1)The outstanding scientist is in charge of handling the matter.负责
(2)I will charge you one hundred yuan for repairing your cellphone.收费
(3)The police charged the thief with stealing raw materials in the company.控告
(4)The kind-hearted mechanic helped charge my phone.(给……)充电
•charge n．费用；主管；看管；责任 v．收费；控诉；要价；指控；充电
•in the charge of由……来负责；被……掌管
take charge of负责/看管(表动作)
free of charge免费
•charge (sb.) for sth.为……(向某人)收费/要价
charge sb.with (doing) sth.指控某人(做)某事

再提能力——完美写作·一句多译·背诵
(5)作为学生会主席，我被委派负责你在天津逗留期间的所有活动。(应用文之活动安排)
①As chairman of the Student Association，I was appointed to take charge of arranging all the activities during your stay in Tianjin.(take charge of)
②As chairman of the Student Association，I was appointed to be in charge of arranging all the activities during your stay in Tianjin.(in charge of)
come down (with...)染上；得了(……病)
come across(偶然)遇见；碰见；被理解
come about发生(无被动形式)
come on加油；到来；得了吧
come out出版；结果是；(花)开放
when it comes to...当谈及……
come up走近；上来；被提及
come up with提出；想出(主意、计划、回答等)

能力提升——根据句意用come短语的正确形式填空
(1)Please tell me how the accident came about.
(2)My assistant’s first novel came out，which made me proud of him.
(3)When it comes to English learning，I have the following practical suggestions to share.Firstly，when you come across unfamiliar words，don’t always refer to the dictionary.Furthermore，when teachers’ questions come up in class，you should try to come up with answers.Lastly，if you fail，you must say to yourself，“Come on！”(应用文之建议信)
above all最重要的是；首先
after all毕竟；终究
first of all首先；第一
all in all整体说来；总而言之
in all全部；合计
at all(否定句)一点也不；(疑问句)到底；究竟



能力提升——根据句意用all短语的正确形式填空
(1)The university I recommend to you is Beijing Language and Culture University.First of all/Above all，you’d better learn some basic Chinese before you come.After all，you will be under completely unfamiliar circumstances.All in all，studying for a degree in a different culture is not easy at all.(应用文之推荐信)
(2)Thanks to your timely help，I managed to handle four problems in all.
until引导的时间状语从句
Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world，until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome.在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。
•画线部分是由until引导的时间状语从句，若主句的谓语动词是延续性的，那么这个主句需用肯定形式；若主句的谓语动词是非延续性的，则主句常用否定式，构成not...until...结构。
•倒装结构：部分倒装“Not until＋谓语助动词＋主语＋谓语动词”。
•强调结构：It is/was not until＋时间从句或短语＋that＋主句部分。

能力提升——完美写作·单句写作/一句多译·背诵
(1)我将一直努力直到实现梦想。
I will keep trying until I realize my dream.
(2)直到我经历了这场事故，我才明白坏运气有可能是正在等待开启的门。(读后续写之升华句)
①I wasn’t aware that bad fortune might be the door waiting to be opened until I experienced the accident.
②Not until I experienced the accident was I aware that bad fortune might be the door waiting to be opened.(倒装句)
③It was not until I experienced the accident that I was aware that bad fortune might be the door waiting to be opened.(强调句)
so...that...
He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.他发现尤其在两条街道上的霍乱爆发是如此严重以至于十天内死了500多人。
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)This is so abstract a concept that we can’t understand it.
＝This is such an abstract concept that we can’t understand it.
(2)Mozart was so gifted in music that he composed many outstanding works.
(3)They are such little boys and eat so little food that we all love them very much.
so/such...that...引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”
•so...that...句型的常见形式：
so＋adj./adv.＋that...
so＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋that...
so＋many/much/few/little(少)＋n.＋that...
•such...that...句型的常见形式：
such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.＋that...
such＋adj.＋n.(复数或不可数)＋that...
•当so/such放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装语序。

再提能力——完美写作·一句多译·背诵
(4)他是如此紧张，以至于他感觉自己舌头打结，手心出汗。(读后续写之紧张心理描写)
①He was so nervous that he felt his tongue tied and palms sweating.
②So nervous was he that he felt his tongue tied and palms sweating.(用倒装句改写)
have sth.done
Accordingly，he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.因此，他让人把水泵的把手去掉，这样水泵就用不成了。
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)Our math teacher had us hand(hand) in our homework before 9 p．m every day.
(2)Don’t worry.I’ll have the article typed(type) and get someone to send it to you tomorrow.
(3)He could not have her getting(get) away with telling people lies.
have sth.done使某事被做；请人做某事；主语遭遇到某事
have sb.do sth.让某人做某事
have sb./sth.doing sth.让某人一直做某事或让某事处于某种状态
can’t have sb.doing sth.不能容忍某人做某事
have sth.to do有事要做

再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵
(4)我们开始帮忙摘桃子，然后让人把它们送到农民家里。(2020·全国Ⅱ，书面表达)
We began to help pick peaches and then had them delivered to the farmers’ houses.
(5)既然你已经意识到你的时间是有限的，你必须更加努力学习以实现自己的目标。
Now that you have realized that your time is limited，you must study harder to have your goal achieved.

提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上单元词汇
Ⅰ.熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．The research lacks solid proof，and therefore，its conclusions are doubtful.可靠的
2．It’s my turn to be on the night shift.轮班
Ⅱ.一词多义练——清除阅读障碍
handle

1．Don’t handle the vase as if it were made of steel. D
2．Driving a car is not just handling controls and judging speed and distance. B
3．Tea in China was traditionally drunk from cups without handles. C
4．We must learn to handle conflicts calmly and wisely. A
Ⅲ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．It is said that if you are infected by the virus，you can get treated free of charge.
2．I have to say in her defence that she shouldn’t be suspected of committing the mistake.
3．She listened，shifting(shift) nervously from one foot to another.(读后续写之紧张心理描写)
4．When she saw her efforts paid off，tears of happiness poured(pour) down Jane’s cheeks.
(读后续写之喜乐心理描写)
5．What made the assistant annoyed was that he was suspected(suspect) of stealing his money.
6．Life can be great when you are not busy finding fault with it.
7．Unfortunately，the outstanding astronomer came down with a severe illness.
8．Yellow is linked to/with confidence，self-respect and friendliness.
9.Initially，all of them subscribed(subscribe) to my plan，but later they changed their minds.
10．All of them blamed the mistake on me，which made me quite frustrated.
Ⅳ.写作增分练——提升语用能力
(应用文之道歉信)
1．我非常抱歉，在回家的路上弄丢了你的词典。(have sth.done)
I’m sorry to have your dictionary lost on my way home.
2．我是如此羞愧，以至于我晚上都睡不好。(so...that的倒装句)
So ashamed was I that I couldn’t sleep well at night.
3．直到我把词典找回来，我才会感觉舒服。(not...until的强调句型)
It was not until I got the dictionary back that I would feel comfortable.
4．但是，我没有找到词典，我既沮丧又失望。(过去分词短语作状语)
But I didn’t find the dictionary，frustrated and disappointed.
5．现在我必须做的是我给你买一本全新的词典以表达我的歉意。(what引导的主语从句；that引导的表语从句)
Now what I must do is that I will buy you a brand-new dictionary to express my apology.


请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。(文中加波浪线的句子为本单元的语法项目：表语从句)

Since the severe COVID-19 broke out，many people all over the world have been infected.Chinese outstanding，gifted and patriotic specialists in epidemiology and their assistants have been 1.in charge of tracing the source of the virus in order to defend more people from being killed.They desired to produce vaccine to 2.handle the deadly disease once and for all.Initially，with concrete proof collected，they suspected that wild bats were to 3.blame.But by observing the virus with microscopes，they gathered solid and multiple statistics and mastered the framework of the virus，which gradually transformed their initial thinking.All the findings made them subscribe to the idea that the virus was not directly 4.linked to the bats，which made the brilliant experts frustrated.This also cast a shadow on the experts，so they had to shift towards how to prevent the virus from spreading among people.Above all，the less we go out，the less likely we will 5.come down with the deadly disease.Furthermore，taking in less protein and eating more vegetables are good choices as well.Last but not least，what we should do is that we must wear masks outdoors.Thanks to these interventions，the threat of COVID-19 in China saw a substantial 6.decrease.What we have experienced has taught us to lead a healthy life such as drinking pure or boiled water and avoid raw foods.In conclusion，under our motherland’s leadership，we have achieved steady success.

练基础——单句语法填空
1．The question is whether he is to blame.
2．My advice is that you should handle the problem in a new way.
3．The fact was that he didn’t really try.
技巧一点通
在主从复合句中充当表语的从句叫表语从句。它常位于系动词be，seem，look，feel，remain等之后，用来说明主语是什么或怎么样。表语从句的引导词：从属连词that，whether，as if/though，because；连接代词what，which，who；连接副词when，where，why，how。

提能力——微写作
根据汉语提示并运用以上语法用英语写一段话
李华说一口流利的英语，好像他是美国本土人似的。这是因为他每天都和同学们练习说英语。这是他在介绍学习方法时所说的话。他的建议是我们应该抓住一切机会说英语。
Li Hua speaks fluent English as if he were a native American.This is because he practises speaking English every day with his classmates.This is what he said when introducing his learning methods.His suggestion is that we should grasp every opportunity to speak English.