(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义 教材知识解读 选择性必修第3册　Unit 3　Environmental Protection (含答案)

这是一份(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义 教材知识解读 选择性必修第3册　Unit 3　Environmental Protection (含答案)，共12页。



教材词汇要记牢
Ⅰ.阅读单词——我会认
1．graph n．图；图表；曲线图
2．emission n．排放物；散发物；排放
3．seal n．海豹
4．methane n．甲烷；沼气
5．dioxide n．二氧化物
6．habitable adj.适合居住的
7．fossil n．化石
8．worldwide adv.遍及全球地adj.世界各地的；影响全世界的
9．footprint n．足迹；(某物所占的)空间量；面积
10．penguin n．企鹅
11．undergo vt.经历；经受(变化、不快等)
12．implement vt.使生效；贯彻；执行
13．moderate adj.适度的；中等的；温和的vi.& vt.缓和；使适中
14．tropical adj.热带的；来自热带的
15．originate vi.& vt.起源；发源；创立
16．regulation n．章程；规章制度
17．disposal n．去掉；清除；处理
18．waterway n．水道；航道
19．Norway 挪威(北欧国家)

Ⅱ.重点单词——我会写
1．ecology n．生态；生态学
2．melt vi.& vt.(使)融化；熔化；软化
3．release vt.& n．排放；释放；发布
4．carbon n．碳
5．fuel n．燃料；刺激性言行
6．comprehensive adj.全部的；所有的；详尽的
7．trend n．趋势；趋向；动向
8．broadcast vt.& vi.播送；广播；传播 n．广播节目；电视节目
9．policy n．政策；方针；原则
10．seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制
11．basin n．流域；盆地；盆
12．reform vt.& vi.改革；(使)改正；改造 n．改革；变革；改良
13．annual adj.每年的；一年的 n．年刊；年鉴
14．chaos n．混乱；杂乱；紊乱
15．nuclear adj.原子能的；核能的；原子核的
16．jungle n．(热带)从林；密林
17．smog n．烟雾(烟与雾混合的空气污染物)
18．volume n．量；体积；(成套书籍中的)一卷
19．garbage n．垃圾；废物
20．enterprise n．公司；企业；事业
21．restore vt.恢复；使复原；修复
22．dozen n．(一)打；十二个
23．fine vt.对……处以罚款
24．campaign n．运动；战役vi.& vt.参加运动；领导运动
25．agenda n．议程表；议事日程
Ⅲ.拓展单词——我会变
1．starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿；饿死→starvation n．饥饿；饿死
2．sustain vt.维持；遭受；承受住→sustainable adj.可持续的；合理利用的
3．frequently adv.频繁地；经常→frequent adj.频繁的→frequency n．频繁；发生率
4．restrict vt.限制；限定；束缚→restriction n．限制规定；限制法规；约束→restrictive adj.限制性的；约束性的
5．harmonious adj.和谐的→harmony n．和谐
6．submit vt.& vi.提交；呈递；屈服→submission n．提交(物)；呈递(书)；屈服
7．sensitive adj.敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的→sensible adj.明智的；合理的→sense n．意思；感官vt.感觉到；察觉到
8．conservation n．对(环境、文物等)保护；保持→conservative adj.保守的；守旧的→conserve v．保护；保存；节省；节约
9．inspection n．检查；查看；视察→inspect vt.检查；视察；检阅→inspector n．检察员；督察员
10．tolerate vt.忍受；包容；容许→tolerant adj.宽容的；容忍的→tolerance n．容忍
Ⅳ.核心短语
1．carbon dioxide 二氧化碳
2．fossil fuel 化石燃料(如煤或石油)
3．on behalf of 代表(代替)某人
4．dozens of 许多；很多
高频词汇来助力
1．maximum adj.& n．最大量(的)；最大限度(的)
2．meanwhile adv.同时，与此同时
3．media n．新闻媒介；新闻媒体
4．mental adj.精神的；智力的
mentally adv.精神上；智力上
5．mention n．提及 vt.提到；说起
6．merchant n．商人；生意人
7．merciful adj.仁慈的；宽大的
8．merely adv.仅仅；只不过
经典句式需悟通
1．There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer.
毫无疑问，地球正在不断变暖。
2．Without this process，Earth could not sustain life.
如果没有这个过程，地球就不能维持生命。
3．It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming，along with its causes and impacts，because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet.
抓住每个机会来教育大家关于全球变暖的知识以及它的原因和影响是我们的责任，因为这是影响地球上所有人的最严重的问题。
4．Previously，water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly from an increasing volume of tourists，many of whom frequently threw garbage into the river.
以往，漓江的水质因为游客量的增长遭到了严重破坏，许多游客频繁地将垃圾扔入水中。
5．With these measures，it is believed that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come.
有了这些措施，人们相信，漓江的美会被保留下来给后代。


Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共11分)
1．graph n．图；图表；曲线图
2．emission n．排放物；散发物；排放
3．habitable adj.适合居住的
4．worldwide adv.遍及全球地adj.世界各地的；影响全世界的
5．footprint n．足迹；(某物所占的)空间量；面积
6．undergo vt.经历；经受(变化、不快等)
7．implement vt.使生效；贯彻；执行
8．moderate adj.适度的；中等的；温和的 vi.& vt.缓和；使适中
9．originate vi.& vt.起源；发源；创立
10．regulation n．章程；规章制度
11．disposal n．去掉；清除；处理
Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题2分，共24分)
12．ecology n．生态；生态学
13．release vt.& n．排放；释放；发布
14．fuel n．燃料；刺激性言行
15．comprehensive adj.全部的；所有的；详尽的
16．trend n．趋势；趋向；动向
17．broadcast vt.& vi.播送；广播；传播 n．广播节目；电视节目
18．policy n．政策；方针；原则
19．seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制
20．reform vt.& vi.改革；(使)改正；改造n.改革；变革；改良
21．annual adj.每年的；一年的 n．年刊；年鉴
22．restore vt.恢复；使复原；修复
23．campaign n．运动；战役 vi.& vt.参加运动；领导运动
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共10分)
24．frequently adv.频繁地；经常→frequent adj.频繁的→frequency n．频繁；发生率
25．harmonious adj.和谐的→harmony n．和谐
26．sensitive adj.敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的→sensible adj.明智的；合理的→sense n．意思；感官vt.感觉到；察觉到
27．inspection n．检查；查看；视察→inspect vt.检查；视察；检阅→inspector n．检察员；督察员
28．tolerate vt.忍受；包容；容许→tolerant adj.宽容的；容忍的→tolerance n．容忍
Ⅳ.高频词汇(每小题1分，共7分)
29．maximum adj.& n．最大量(的)；最大限度(的)
30．meanwhile adv.同时，与此同时
31．media n．新闻媒介；新闻媒体
32．mention n．提及 vt.提到；说起
33．merchant n．商人；生意人
34．merciful adj.仁慈的；宽大的
35．merely adv.仅仅；只不过
Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共4分)
36．on behalf of代表(代替)某人
37．dozens of许多；很多

Ⅰ.单词拼写(根据汉语提示或首字母提示写单词)(每小题2分，共12分)
1．With the development of science and technology，there is a growing trend towards earlier retirement in that country.
2．As is expected，the boy will try his best to seize the golden chance to go abroad to broaden his horizons.
3．The appealing concert was broadcast live and attracted the largest audience in the history.
4．The government is launching an advertising campaign in order to tell people about the dangers of drugs.
5．It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects of life，from the local environment to the global ecology(生态)．
6．It’s high time that you submitted/should submit(提交) your application，otherwise you will be banned from participating in the activity.
Ⅱ.词形变化填空(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)(每小题2分，共12分)
7．As is known to us all，a harmonious society means that human beings can live in harmony with each other.(harmony)
8．I sensed that he was very sensitive to what others said and he couldn’t make sensible choices.(sense)
9．I couldn’t tolerate your behavior any longer.That is，I couldn’t be tolerant of how you behaved.(tolerate)
10．We should take an active part in sports and outdoor activities frequently(frequent)．
11．With time going by，more and more countries have realized that a sustainable(sustain) development is vital for human beings.
12．To our shock，many children in underdeveloped regions die of starvation(starve)．
Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题4分，共20分)
13．几乎没有疑问，你的热情和善良可以消除你和他人之间的分歧。
There is little doubt that your passion and kindness can bridge the gap between you and others.
14．没有强烈的团队精神，我们就不会高效地完成我们的任务。
Without a strong teamwork spirit，we wouldn’t complete our tasks very efficiently.
15．开始新学期总是令人兴奋的。这是一个再次见到你朋友的机会。
Starting a new school term is always exciting.It’s a chance to see your friends again.
16．我已经和我们学校里的交换生交了朋友，他们中的许多人经常和我坦诚地交谈。
I have made friends with the exchange students in our school，many of whom often have a heart-to-heart talk with me.
17．人们相信原谅是一种美德，可以让我们过上快乐的生活。
It is believed that to forgive is a virtue，which can make us live a happy life.

Ⅰ.课文语法填空——复习本单元Reading and Thinking部分
There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer.In 2013，many people 1.were shocked(shock) by a news photo of a dead polar bear which appeared to have starved to death.Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels 2.caused(cause) by climate change meant that the bear could not hunt seals as before，so it had to travel greater distances 3.to find(find) food.Then what is causing the increase in the global average surface temperature? Climate scientists often mention a key climate process called the “greenhouse effect”，4.which has two common meanings：the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man-made” greenhouse effect.The “man-made” greenhouse effect has now become 5.a big problem.There is strong and comprehensive evidence 6.that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide.Actually，news reports are 7.frequently(frequent) broadcast about extreme rainstorms and heatwaves 8.causing(cause) deaths and economic losses.Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result in further warming and long-lasting changes to the global climate.This requires the attention of people all over the world.We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by 9.restricting(restrict) the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce.It is our responsibility 10.to seize(seize) every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming.
Ⅱ.课文选词填空——复习本单元Using Language部分

The beautiful Li River as well as its amazing surrounding scenery is one of the most well-known tourist destinations in China’s Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.1.However，its reputation as a top destination has had negative effects on the river’s water quality.Previously，water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly from an increasing 2.volume of tourists，many of whom frequently threw 3.garbage into the river.In order to feed more people，more chemicals were used to increase crop production.These chemicals led to severe water quality issues，causing a decrease in the number of fish species.Local authorities took some measures to reduce pollution in the Li River.With these measures，it is believed that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come.In addition，the ambitious “Water Ten Plan” is also now tackling water pollution across the country.With such 4.campaigns in effect，China’s waterways are heading towards a clean and 5.sustainable future.

提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿；饿死
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)What shocked the scientists was that the seal starved(starve) to death because it couldn’t find enough food to eat.
(2)She is starving to lose(lose) weight so that she can wear the beautiful dresses that she is crazy about.
•starve to death饿死
be starving for sth./to do sth.渴望某事/做某事
•starvation n．饥饿；饿死

再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵
(3)我渴望学好英语，因为掌握英语意味着我们可以通过一个新窗口看世界。
(话题写作之语言学习)
I am starving to study English well，because mastering English means we can see the world through a new window.
seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)The traffic policeman seized(seize) the driver by the arm and intended to fine him.
(2)Seizing(seize) the precious chance enabled him to get promoted quite easily.
seize sb.by the arm抓住某人的胳膊
seize a chance/an opportunity抓住机会

再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵
(3)鉴于你口语不好，我强烈建议你抓住每个机会说英语。
Given that you don’t get along well with oral English，I strongly suggest that you (should) seize every chance to speak English.
(4)我一看到父亲阴云密布的脸，就感到恐惧。(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)
The moment I saw my father’s cloudy face, panic seized me.
submit vt.& vi.提交；呈递；屈服
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)Dozens of enterprises have submitted(submit) their plans to reduce their carbon footprint in the past ten days.
(2)In the past，I frequently submitted myself to difficulties but now I can spare no effort to handle them.
submit sth.to sb.将某物提交给某人
submit (oneself) to屈从于……

再提能力——完美写作·词汇升级/完成句子·背诵
(3)(普通表达)In spite of challenges and hardships in my daily life，I decline to give in to them.
(高级表达)In spite of challenges and hardships in my daily life，I decline to submit to them.
(4)对这次夏令营感兴趣的人必须在5月15日前提交申请书和相关资料。
Those who are interested in the summer camp must submit the applications and relevant materials by May 15.
tolerate vt.忍受；包容；容许
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)We can’t tolerate people throwing(throw) garbage here and there，so we will launch a campaign to appeal to people to protect the environment.
(2)My parents are tolerant(tolerate) of my choice of books on condition that I must make full use of time to study hard.
•tolerate (sb./sb.’s) doing sth.忍受(某人)做某事
•tolerance n．宽恕；忍耐
tolerant adj.忍耐的

再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵
(3)那些懂得容忍他人的人会过得幸福。
Those who know how to tolerate others can naturally lead a happy life.
on behalf of sb./on sb.’s behalf代表/代替某人
能力提升——完美写作·一句多译·背诵
我代表我们班，热情、真诚地欢迎你们来到中国。
(1)On behalf of our class，I welcome you to China warmly and sincerely.
(2)Representing our class，I welcome you to China warmly and sincerely.
含蓄虚拟语气
Without this process，Earth could not sustain life.
如果没有这个过程，地球就不能维持生命。
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)Without diverse creatures and plants，our globe would be(be) less interesting.
(2)Without your timely treatment，I wouldn’t have survived(survive)．
•本句中的without this process是介词短语，相当于条件状语从句，引起虚拟语气。
•without的这种用法既可表示与现在事实相反的假设(主句中用would/could/might/should do)；也可表示与过去事实相反的假设(主句中用would/could/might/should have done)。
•有类似用法的还有：with，otherwise/or(否则)，but for(要不是)，if only(要是……就好了)等。

提升能力——完美写作·单句写作·背诵
(3)没有英语老师的鼓励和帮助，我早就放弃学英语了。
Without my English teacher’s encouragement and assistance，I would have given up studying English.

提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练——清除阅读障碍
release

1．The new film will be released on July 16 in the downtown cinema. D
2．The kind girl decided to release the bird from the cage. C
3．The new software is planned for release in April. B
4．The factory keeps releasing smoke，making the air dirty. A
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．Whenever the consultant in psychology was worn out，he was starving for a cup of coffee to refresh himself.
2．So pessimistic was my classmate that he had no idea how to release(release) his tremendous pressure.
3．Finally，I made up my mind to seize(seize) the opportunity to enhance my overall competence.
4．Based on what he observed，the specialist decided on submitting(submit) his medical report to the president of the hospital.
5．On behalf of my school，I express my heartfelt gratitude and my best wishes to you.
6．Jane was sensitive to emotional problems and it was difficult for her to handle the problems properly.
7．The surgeon can’t tolerate being disturbed(disturb) by others when he was absorbed in reading.
8．My son never submits himself to hardships，so I reward him with dozens of adventure books.
9．Human life is regarded as part of nature，so the only way for us to survive is to live harmoniously
(harmonious) with nature.
10．Most of the citizens were interested in the news broadcast(broadcast) on TV yesterday.
Ⅲ.写作增分练——提升语用能力
(应用文之邀请信)
1．能有机会邀请你参加我们的音乐节，我非常荣幸。(不定式作定语)
I’m very honored to have the opportunity to invite you to take part in our music festival.
2．所有师生都将参加音乐节，他们中的许多人将表演才艺。(many of＋whom引导的定语从句)
All the teachers and students will attend the music festival，many of whom will show their talents.
3．建议所有参与者于下周六上午8点在操场就座。(It is suggested that...)
It is suggested that all the participants (should) be seated in the playground at 8 a．m.next Saturday.
4．毫无疑问，这次音乐节将激励我们得到全面发展。(There is no doubt that...)
There is no doubt that the music festival will motivate us to gain all-round development.
5．没有你的出席，我们将倍感失望。因此，请接受我们诚挚的邀请。(without引导的虚拟语气)
Without your presence，we would feel greatly disappointed，so please accept our sincere invitation.



请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。(文中加波浪线的句子为本单元的语法项目：直接引语和间接引语)

With moderate greenhouse gases，such as methane and carbon dioxide 1.released into the atmosphere，Earth can sustain life.But comprehensive evidence shows that more heat energy than necessary exists because of burning an increasing volume of fossil fuels.Hence，the warming trend has affected Earth’s ecology and harmonious development.News reports are frequently 2.broadcast about polar bears，seals and penguins that are 3.starved to death because of the melting ice.Tropical jungles are destroyed，making them less habitable for animals.What human beings can’t 4.tolerate is that garbage is thrown everywhere，such as waterways and basins.Faced with the severe situations，worldwide governments have reformed policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and restore the sensitive ecology.Dozens of enterprises have 5.submitted and implemented their conservation regulations，saying，“We will immediately carry out the disposal of the waste we produce.” Individuals can also seize every chance to reduce the carbon footprint by the amount of CO2 in the daily life.Although Earth has 6.undergone some ecological chaos，people from all over the world confidently say that those measures can create a sustainable world.

练基础——请把下面的句子改成间接引语
1．The expert said，“He can handle the difficulty.”
→The expert said that he could handle the difficulty.
2．He said to me，“Don’t be late tomorrow.”
→He told me not to be late the next day.
技巧一点通
英语中常用两种方式引用别人的话。一种是直接引述别人的原话，把它放在引号内，叫直接引语；另一种是用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。



提能力——微写作
根据汉语提示并运用以上语法用英语写一段话
当简看到丈夫时，她说她应受责备。同时，她眼含泪水地说：“我再也不会这样和你吵架了。”
When Jane saw her husband，she said that she was to blame.Meanwhile，she said with tears in her eyes，“I will never quarrel with you like this again！”