(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义 教材知识解读 选择性必修第4册　Unit 1　Science Fiction (含答案)

这是一份(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义 教材知识解读 选择性必修第4册　Unit 1　Science Fiction (含答案)，共12页。



教材词汇要记牢
Ⅰ.阅读单词——我会认
1．ridiculous adj.愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的
2．absurd adj.荒谬的；荒唐的
3．ladder n．梯子；阶梯
4．whereas conj.然而；但是；尽管
5．rumour n．谣言；传闻
6．presume vt.& vi.假定；假设
7．fare n．车费；船费；飞机票价
8．alien n．外星人(生物)；外国人 adj.陌生的；外星的；外国的
9．blurred adj.模糊不清的；难以区分的
10．inaction n．无行动；不采取措施
11．bonus n．意外收获；奖金；红利
12．nail n．指甲；趾甲；钉子vt.(用钉子)钉牢；固定
13．suspend vt.悬；挂；暂停；暂缓
14．gramme n．克(重量单位)
15．venue n．活动场地(如音乐厅、会场等)
16．panel n．控制板；仪表盘；专家咨询组
17．inch n．英寸(长度单位，等于2.54厘米)
18．handkerchief n．手帕；纸巾
19．lever n．操纵杆；杠杆
20．grip vt.& vi.紧握；抓紧
21．hazy adj.模糊的；朦胧的；困惑的
22．puff n．(烟、气等的)一缕；少量；喘息
23．jolt n．震动；摇晃；颠簸vt.& vi.(使)震动；摇晃
24．flip vt.& vi.(使)快速翻转；(用手指)轻抛
25．stun vt.使震惊，使昏迷
26．overstatement n．夸大；夸张
27．Isaac Asimov 艾萨克·阿西莫夫
28．Braille (also braille)布拉耶盲文(凸点符号)
29．The Three-Body Problem《三体》
30．Hugo Award 雨果奖
Ⅱ.重点单词——我会写
1．fiction n．小说；虚构的事
2．integrity n．诚实正直；完整；完好
3．dignity n．庄重；庄严；尊严
4．salary n．薪水；薪金
5．saleswoman n．女售货员；女推销员
6．dismiss vt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除
7．weekly adj.每周的n.周刊
8．chairwoman n．女主席；女董事长；女委员长
9．flour n．面粉；(谷物磨成的)粉
10．salesman n．售货员；推销员
11．superior adj.更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的
12．labour n．劳动(者)；体力劳动 vi.奋斗；努力工作
13．leather n．皮革；[pl.]皮衣；皮外套
14．backwards adv.向后；倒着；往回
15．niece n．侄女；外甥女
16．fetch vt.(去)拿来；(去)请来
17．lamp n．灯；台灯
18．pace n．速度；步伐；节奏vt.& vi.确定速度；调整节奏
19．random adj.随机的；不可思议的
20．maximum adj.最大极限的n.最大量；最大限度
Ⅲ.拓展单词——我会变
1．appointment n．预约；约会；委任→appoint vt.任命；委派；指定；约定
2．guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的→guilt n．内疚
3．declare vt.表明；宣称；公布→declaration n．宣称；声明
4．calculate vt.计算；核算；预测→calculator n．计算器→calculation n．计算
5．division n．分开；分隔；差异；除(法)→divide vt.分开；分散；分配；分享
6．urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐→urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的
7．explode vi.& vt.爆炸；爆破→explosion n．爆炸；(感情)爆发；激增
8．mud n．泥；泥浆→muddy adj.泥泞的
Ⅳ.核心短语
1．test out检验；测试
2．more like更像是；更接近
3．on a...basis根据；以……的方式(基准)
4．pros and cons事物的利与弊；支持与反对
5．superior to比……更好；更胜一筹
6．take over占上风；取而代之；接管；接手
7．conflict with与……冲突或抵触
8．turn out关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是
9．fall away(逐渐)减少；消失
10．have an urge to有强烈的欲望做某事
高频词汇来助力
1．mystery n．神秘；神秘的事物
2．nationwide adj.全国范围的；全国性的
3．negotiate vi.谈判；商议
4．neighbourhood(美neighborhood)n.四邻；邻近地区
5．normal n．& adj.正常的(状态)
6．nutrition n．营养；营养品
7．obtain vt.得到
8．occupation n．职业；占有
经典句式需悟通
1．As she turned around，there stood Gladys Claffern.
她一转身，就看到格拉迪丝·克拉芬站在那儿。
2．She heard him declare that he did not want to leave her the next day，and that he felt more than just the desire to please her.
她听到他说第二天不想离开她，他感觉他不仅仅只是想取悦她。
3．It was at ten o’clock today that the first of all Time Machines began its career.
今天十点钟，第一台时间机器开始投入使用。
4．Looking around，I saw my laboratory exactly as before.
环顾四周，我看到我的实验室和从前一模一样。
5．It felt like I was being driven fast on a winding road.
这感觉就像我在一条蜿蜒的路上疾驰。


Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共9分)
1．absurd adj.荒谬的；荒唐
2．whereas conj.然而；但是；尽管
3．rumour n．谣言；传闻
4．fare n．车费；船费；飞机票价
5．blurred adj.模糊不清的；难以区分的
6．grip vt.& vi.紧握；抓紧
7．hazy adj.模糊的；朦胧的；困惑的
8．stun vt.使震惊，使昏迷
9．overstatement n．夸大；夸张
Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题2分，共26分)
10．dignity n．庄重；庄严；尊严
11．salary n．薪水；薪金
12．dismiss vt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除
13．weekly adj.每周的n.周刊
14．flour n．面粉；(谷物磨成的)粉
15．superior adj.更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的
16．labour n．劳动(者)；体力劳动vi.奋斗；努力工作
17．leather n．皮革；[pl.]皮衣；皮外套
18．niece n．侄女；外甥女
19．fetch vt.(去)拿来；(去)请来
20．lamp n．灯；台灯
21．random adj.随机的；不可思议的
22．maximum adj.最大极限的n.最大量；最大限度
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共14分)
23．appointment n．预约；约会；委任→appoint vt.任命；委派；指定；约定
24．guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的→guilt n．内疚
25．declare vt.表明；宣称；公布→declaration n．宣称；声明
26．calculate vt.计算；核算；预测→calculator n．计算器→calculation n．计算
27．division n．分开；分隔；差异；除(法)→divide vt.分开；分散；分配；分享
28．urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐→urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的
29．explode vi.& vt.爆炸；爆破→explosion n．爆炸；(感情)爆发；激增
Ⅳ.高频词汇(每小题1分，共5分)
30．mystery n．神秘；神秘的事物
31．nationwide adj.全国范围的；全国性的
32．negotiate vi.谈判；商议
33．nutrition n．营养；营养品
34．occupation n．职业；占有
Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共14分)
35．test out检验；测试
36．on a...basis根据；以……的方式(基准)
37．superior to比……更好，更胜一筹
38．take over占上风；取而代之；接管；接手
39．conflict with与……冲突或抵触
40．turn out关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是
41．have an urge to有强烈的欲望做某事

Ⅰ.单词拼写(根据汉语提示或首字母提示写单词)(每小题1分，共8分)
1．The flour made in this factory is far superior to that in that factory in quality.
2．Word came that a bomb planted in a garbage can explode early today.
3．Unfortunately，he was dismissed from the job and led a miserable life.
4．May 1 is International Labour Day and most people will enjoy a relatively long holiday.
5．In the dry seasons，the villagers have to walk several miles to fetch(取) water for daily use.
6．The job will require you to take advantage of all your skills to the maximum(最大量)．
7．I prefer the relaxed pace(节奏) of life in the country.
8．It has been calculated(计算) that at least 47,000 employees were dismissed last year.
Ⅱ.词形变化填空(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)(每小题2分，共14分)
9．Li Hua has been appointed as chairman of the Students’ Association and I will write a letter to congratulate him on his appointment.(appointment)
10．I am guilty of the silly mistake I made yesterday and no words can express my guilt.(guilty)
11．He declared that he would put humans on Mars in less than a decade，but his declaration proved unrealistic.(declare)
12．Yesterday the employer urged his employees to deal with the urgent matters by Friday.(urge)
13．The explosion was caused by burst of a gas pipe，which made the boss explode with anger.(explode)
14．You can use a calculator to calculate the average mark of the class and then your calculation(s) can be accurate.(calculate)
15．As the work can be divided(division) among several people，it can be done effectively.
Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题2分，共10分)
16．这是我的关于如何增强你和其他人交流能力的建议。(全部倒装)
Here are my tips on how to strengthen your ability to communicate with others.
17．我非常高兴收到您的来信。
I am more than delighted to receive your letter.
18．不是你被给予了什么而是你如何利用它才决定着你是谁。(强调句)
It is not what you are given but how you make use of it that determines who you are.
19．秘书工作到深夜，为总统准备长篇演讲。
The secretary worked late into the night，preparing a long speech for the President.
20．我的叔叔在世时，他烟抽得很厉害。
My uncle smoked like a chimney when he was living.

Ⅰ.课文语法填空——复习本单元Reading and Thinking部分
A household robot named Tony was going to 1.be tested(test) out in a family by Claire.Claire didn’t like the idea at the beginning，but she agreed to it at last.At the first sight of Tony，Claire was 2.alarmed(alarm)，for the robot seemed more like a human 3.than a machine，handsome with smooth hair and a deep voice.When Tony offered to help her dress，Claire felt embarrassed.Claire complained that she wasn’t clever and Tony showed sympathy for her,4.which she thought was quite ridiculous.5.Gradually(gradual)，Tony began to win Claire’s trust.As a favor，Tony helped Claire make herself smarter and her home 6.more elegant(elegant)．In 7.an expensive clothes shop，when the saleswoman was rude to her，she rang Tony up for help.Tony made the woman change her impolite attitude and Claire was grateful to Tony,8.saying(say) that he was a “dear”．However，the scene was discovered by Gladys Claffern and thus Claire felt 9.guilty(guilt)．Claire wept sorrowfully after arriving home.To comfort her，Tony suggested that she 10.(should) invite(invite) Gladys and her friends to the house which would have been completely transformed by then.



Ⅱ.课文选词填空——复习本单元Using Language部分

The Time Machine
Today，at ten o’clock I gave the first Time Machine a last check and sat myself in the leather seat.I drew a breath，pushed the starting 1.lever on the main panel and gripped the lever.The laboratory went 2.hazy around me.It was hard to explain the strange and unpleasant feeling of time traveling.As my 3.pace grew faster，the walls of the laboratory fell away and I was left in the open air.I saw trees growing like 4.puffs of smoke.I suddenly had a strong 5.urge to look at the random things that were being flashed before my eyes.So long as I travelled at 6.maximum speed，it didn’t matter.But if I stopped and the same space was being occupied by something else，we would be forced together and 7.explode like a bomb.Then like an impatient fool，I pulled the lever backwards hard.With a sudden 8.jolt，the Time Machine was flipped on its side and I was thrown through the air.

提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)What greatly stunned me was that he was guilty of a crime and was put in prison.
(2)I felt guilty for/at/about my conflict with my dear friend and I must apologize to him.
•be guilty of犯有……罪
be/feel guilty for/at/about...对/为……感到内疚/有愧
•guilt n．内疚；悔恨；犯罪；罪行

再提能力——完美写作·一句多译·背诵
(3)她说：“可是我已经欺骗了我奶奶”，脸颊上流下了内疚的泪水。
①“But I have cheated my grandmother，” said she，and tears of guilt flowed down her cheeks.(并列句)
②“But I have cheated my grandmother，” said she，tears of guilt flowing down her cheeks.(独立主格结构)
urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动
vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)It is strongly urged that all the lamps (should) be turned(turn) out during the night.
(2)After I have received my bonus，I have a strong urge to buy(buy) many science fictions.
(3)My boss urged me to calculate(calculate) the salaries of all the salesmen and saleswomen.
＝My boss urged that I (should) calculate(calculate) the salaries of all the salesmen and saleswomen.
•have/feel an urge to do sth.有强烈的欲望做某事
•urge sb.to do sth.催促某人做某事
urge that...(should) do sth.极力主张/强调……做某事
It is urged that...(should) do sth.极力主张/强调……做某事
•urgent adj.紧急的；迫切的

再提能力——完美写作·一句多译·背诵
(4)家长应该积极督促孩子利用这个机会参加户外活动。
①Parents should actively urge their children to take advantage of the opportunity to participate in outdoor activities.(urge sb.to do)
②Parents should actively urge that their children (should) take advantage of the opportunity to participate in outdoor activities.(urge that...)
on a...basis根据；以……的方式(基准)
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)They test out the machine on a regular basis in case there may be something wrong with it.
(2)On the basis of these facts，we can conclude that the ridiculous rumor was spread by my niece.
on a regular basis例行地；有规律地；定期地
on a daily/weekly basis每天/每周
on the basis of/that...以……为基础

再提能力——完美写作·词汇升级·背诵
(3)(简单表达)He has formed the habit of getting up early and exercising every day，which enables him to keep physically healthy.
(高级表达)He has formed the habit of getting up early and exercising on a daily basis，which enables him to keep physically healthy.
take over占上风；取而代之；接管；接手
take off起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；大获成功
take on呈现；雇用；承担
take in包括；吸收；理解；欺骗；收留
take up占去；占据；开始从事

根据句意用take短语的正确形式完成下面语段
After taking over the firm from his father，Tom took in some scientific ideas and took on some experienced and hard-working workers，which suggested that his firm would take off soon.Tom held the strong belief that his firm would take on a new look in the near future.
turn out关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是
先练基础——一词多义
写出下列句子中turn out的汉语意思
(1)He turned out to be guilty of his mean words and tears of regret blurred his eyes.结果是
(2)Keep in mind that you must turn out the lamp in your room when you leave.关掉；熄灭
(3)The boss declared that all the staff must turn out for the meeting.出席；在场
(4)The factory turned out twice as many TV sets this year as last year.生产；制造
turn down 拒绝；关小；调低
turn in 上交
turn over 翻身；移交；转变
turn to 求助于；转向
turn up 出现；调高

再提能力——完美写作·完成句子/单句写作·背诵
(5)所有的候选人必须在截止日期前交上申请表和相关材料。
All the candidates must turn in the application forms and relevant materials before the deadline.
(6)有如此多的数学难题要解决，我必须向我的老师求助。
With so many difficult math problems to handle，I must turn to my teacher for help.
(7)你最好按时出现，或者比约定的时间早几分钟。
You had better turn up punctually or a few minutes earlier than the appointed time.
more than多于，超过；不仅仅；非常
先练基础——一词多义
写出下列句子中more than的汉语意思
(1)She bought more than ten handkerchiefs and two pairs of leather shoes at a time，which made her mother explode with anger.多于；超过
(2)I am more than glad to help you analyze the pros and cons of the choice you have made.非常
(3)He is more than my teacher；he is also my friend.不仅仅
•more than＋数词，表示“超过；不止”，相当于over
more than＋名词，意为“不只是；不仅仅……”，相当于not only
more than＋形容词/副词，意为“非常，很”，相当于very
•more A than B　与其说B不如说A

再提能力——完美写作·语段填空·背诵
(4)I would be more than delighted(我会非常高兴) if you could come and join in my birthday party at 7 p．m.next Friday at my home.There will be more than ten friends(将会有十几个朋友)．The party is more than for fun(派对不仅仅是为了玩)；it is also for mutual communication.So please accept my sincere invitation.
修辞之明喻在读后续写中的运用
It felt like I was being driven fast on a winding road.这感觉就像我在一条蜿蜒的路上疾驰。
在读后续写中可以适当采用明喻这一修辞方法，增加故事情节的生动性。明喻主要采用like，as。

能力提升——完美写作·完成句子·背诵
(1)当他听我们谈论丰富多彩的生活时，他的笑容灿烂得如宝石一样闪闪发光。
When he heard us talking about the colorful life，the smile on his face shone like a diamond.
(2)它在温柔低语，就像一个小女孩对她的母亲私语一样。
It murmured in a soft voice like a little girl whispering to her mother.
(3)汤姆病得很厉害，不能去聚会。
Tom was as sick as a dog，and couldn’t go to the party.

提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练——清除阅读障碍
dismiss

1．The class was dismissed early today. B
2．He was dismissed from his job for inaction and incompetence. C
3．I gently patted him on the shoulder to dismiss his fears from his mind. A
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．The editor has an appointment with the science fiction writer to meet at the café to offer his salary and bonus.
2．The saleswoman felt guilty(guilt) about not visiting her parents more often.
3．The chairwoman has declared that 100 workers will be dismissed(dismiss) next week.
4. Salesmen and saleswomen are advised to have a medical examination on a regular basis，which is helpful to their health.
5．It’s ridiculous that this country declared war on four countries at the same time.
6．He told me that a film was being shown(show) in the hall then.
7．Of the two handkerchiefs，I think this one is superior to the other one.
8．The boy often conflicts with other students，which makes his parents explode with anger.
9．I never felt an urge to learn(learn) any sign language before.
10．He picked up a handkerchief at random and handed it to his niece to wipe her nose.
Ⅲ.写作增分练——提升语用能力
(应用文之建议信)
1．得知你即将参加中国戏剧知识竞赛，我非常高兴。(more than)
I’m more than glad to know that you will take part in the Chinese drama knowledge competition.
2．这是我的关于如何为之准备的建议。(here引导的全部倒装)
Here are my tips on how to prepare for it.
3．首先，提前学一些中国现代戏剧的历史非常重要。(强调句型)
First of all，it is learning more about the history of Chinese modern drama in advance that is of great importance.
4．第二，经常和其他参与者交流意见，你可以变得更自信。(现在分词短语作状语)
Secondly，exchanging ideas with other participants regularly，you can become more confident.
5．最后，如果你感觉你是戏剧中的人物，你会发现记住戏剧知识很容易。(feel like)
Finally，if you feel like you are the characters in the drama，you will find it easy to memorize the drama knowledge.


请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。(文中加波浪线的句子为本单元的语法项目：被动语态)

My niece，Jane，laboured to the maximum for 10 years in a shopping mall and finally she took up an 1.appointment as the chairwoman.She was respected by all the salesmen and saleswomen because she was full of integrity and dignity.She exactly calculated the staff’s salaries and rewarded the best ones with a 2.bonus.Whereas，one salesman，Jack,3.declared that he could sell anything by absurd overstatements，such as science fictions，ladders，flour，leathers，levers of various panels，handkerchiefs，nails，lamps and even mud.In his view，he was superior to others，so he had an urge to take over the sales manager.It turned out that he often 4.conflicted with others.Then came a rumor that all the staff would resign if Jack wasn’t dismissed，which greatly stunned Jane and even made Jane explode with anger.Jane thought inaction was improper，so she urged Jack to weigh pros and cons.Otherwise，his job would be suspended.Jack felt so 5.guilty of his ridiculous behaviors that tears blurred his eyes.He promised to apologize to all the staff at a meeting on a weekly basis to remove the 6.division between him and his colleagues.He would share what he gripped from that day on.

练基础——请把下面的句子变成被动语态
1．Now we are using more and more English words in the Chinese language.
→Now more and more English words are being used in the Chinese language.
2．We will hold a Chinese Painting Exhibition in this local city next Saturday.
→A Chinese Painting Exhibition will be held in this local city next Saturday.
3．We hold various activities in our lecture hall on a weekly basis.
→Various activities are held in our lecture hall on a weekly basis.
4．He has finished much work within one hour.
→Much work has been finished within one hour.
技巧一点通
英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。各种时态的被动语态如下所示：
项目
一般时态
进行时态
完成时态
现在
am/is/are done
am/is/are being done
has/have been done
过去
was/were done
was/were being done
had been done
将来
shall/will be done
无
shall/will have been done


提能力——微写作
根据汉语提示并运用以上语法用英语写一段话
我们的城市昨晚遭遇了一场可怕的暴雨。在这次灾难中，有十所房子被摧毁。更糟糕的是，到目前为止已造成8人死亡。现在许多士兵正被派去帮忙。据说，直接经济损失已达到一千万元。我们相信在不久的将来，通过共同努力，我们的城市将会得到重建。
Our city was hit by a very terrible rainstorm last night.In this disaster，ten houses were destroyed.What’s worse，eight deaths have been caused so far.Now many soldiers are being sent to help.It is said that the direct economic losses add up to ten million yuan.We believe that our city will be rebuilt with joint efforts in the near future.