(新高考)高考英语一轮复习小题多维练01《名词（短语）常考点》(解析版)

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高考英语一轮复习小题多维练(新高考专用版)
01 名词（短语）常考点专练
【练基础】
一、根据首字母填写单词
1. Reading in the sun for a long time does h________ to our eyes.
2. After reading Li Lan's travel j________ we got to know more about San Francisco
3. Many moms face the d___________ about whether they should go back to work or not.
4. Barbara, aged 4, goes to k___________ every day.
5. Lucy bought some flowers to express her sincere g___________ to her mother on Mother's Day. (
6. C___________! We are happy to inform you that you have won the speaking competition.
7. Students in this senior high school will have the o________ of studying abroad in their second year.
8. Smiling and laughing has actually been shown to relieve t________ and stress.
9. Shall I pay in c________ or by credit card?
10. The blanket will provide additional warmth and c________ in bed.
11. Toni ran to the shop to get some salt for his mother. When he reached there, he was quite out of b________.
12. We are playing a t________ on a man who kept bothering me.
13. Nobody can enter the room without special p________.
14. Most i________, like butterflies and beetles, have wings.
15. The young singer has a g________for music.
16. He could not stand the p________ and the workload, so he chose to leave the company. (the speed at which something happens)
17. Do you like the t________ song of this film?
18. When he visited her at home again, she started to question his m________. (the reason for doing something, esp. when this reason is kept hidden)
19. The room has seating c________ for about 80. Let’s hold the reception here. (the amount of space a container, room etc. has to hold things or people)
20. Stylishly dressed, the firm’s newest employee had a pleasant telephone voice and a natural charm that put customers at e________.
21. Usually, s ________ are not shot in order when the directors and actors are making a movie.
22. The success of the TV a________ has brought her greater popularity and more confidence in writing.
23. It takes p________ and time to rebuild trust and progress often comes through small steps.
24. He placed great e________ on the importance of family life and ties.
二、根据汉语意思填写单词
25. I hope we shall come to a __________(妥协).
26. Flying across the Atlantic for the first time is a great ________ (成就).
27. It was her kindness and ________ (考虑；体谅) to all the patients that made her succeed.
28. With the __________(目标) of providing teenage girls with education, she tried every possible means.
29. Parents should make sure their children grow up in an __________(氛围) of love and care.
30. A wide range of wonderful __________(表演) will be given by students from different clubs in the musical festival.
31. Teaching children with special needs requires ________ (耐心) and understanding.
32. Apart from being the kingdom of flowers, it is home to many ethnic ________ (少数) groups.
33. It’s an ancient ________ (港口) city that has a history dating back to Roman times.
34. With a lot of dispute to settle, the ___________ (紧张关系) between the two countries is likely to remain.
35. To make our country more prosperous, we should firmly stick to the ___________ (原则) of scientific development.
36. For nearly four ___________ (十年), the village remained undisturbed.
37. The hard-working boy was awarded a ___________ (奖学金), which enabled him to go to college.
38. These questions asked in the meeting may at first seem of little ___________ (重要意义) but might become influential ones in the public.
39. I went to the shopping mall and bought some ___________ (装饰) to beautify our room.
40. Thanks to the director’s ________ (推荐), the actor finally got the role he wanted for many years.
41. This design aims for harmony of form and ________(功能).
42. He regularly gives ________(讲座)on how to learn Chinese.
43. I’ve agreed to help with ________ (筹备) for the party.
44. John is trying to build up his ________(体力).
45. Learning to speak another language takes ________ (努力).
46. He is respected by the students for his ________ (献身) to the cause of education.
47. "Thunderstorm ________（焦虑）" is common among dogs, and some dogs tremble with fear under the owner's beds during thunderstorms.
48. The forest's dense ________ (生长) provides nesting places for a wide variety of birds.
49. All his cares and ________(焦虑)make him look quite old.
50. He could not account for his ________ (缺席) from school, which made his parents furious.
51. Anyways, I wanted you guys all to know that I’ve been taking a really hard look at things and come to the ________ (结论).
52. Next week, Mr Li, a ________ (教授) in Peking University, will come and give us a lecture on painting.
53. Do you think money is the ________ (基础) of a happy life?
54. I hold the firm ________ (信念) that with our joint efforts, nothing can prevent us from achieving the goal.
55. Imagine having the ________ (机会) to sing together with hundreds of other people while you are at home alone.
56. The talks between the two countries had an ________ (影响) on the future of their relationship.
57. There’s a growing ________ (信念) that parents should let children make their own mistakes.
58. I think life itself is a learning ________ (过程）.
59. Apart from the beautiful scenery of Sichuan Province, the dishes there are also an ________（吸引）to tourists.
60. His kind ________ (行为) was praised by many people.
61. Though you have a ________ (偏爱) for science, you should not give up history.
62. We should treat others with kindness, ________ (慷慨)and love. (
63. I am in ________ of (拥有) some information that I think will interest you.
64. At noon, the farmers sit and have a rest in the________ (阴凉处) of the trees in summer.
65. The ________ (幸存者) in the earthquake were taken good care of by our government. (
66. Just as the professor often says, the ________ (区别) between art and science are easy to find.
67. It could threaten the peace and ________ (稳定) of the region.
68. At that moment, they felt the earth shaking beneath their feet; beyond in the distance, they heard the ______ of falling roofs.
69. Miller’s f________ with medieval art dates from her childhood. (the state of being very interested in something)
70. White bread is really just a________ (变体) of French bread.
参考答案
一、
1. harm
【解析】考查名词。句意：长时间在阳光下看书对我们的眼睛有害。根据单词首字母以及句意“有害”，可知应填名词harm，短语do harm to“对……有害”。故填harm。
2. journal/ournal
【解析】考查名词。句意：看了李兰的旅行日记，我们对旧金山有了更多的了解。根据句意、首字母提示可知，此处要用名词“日志，日记”。journal“日记，日志”为可数名词，结合本句中we got to know more about San Francisco，此处指关于旧金山的日志，所以用单数名词。故填journal。
3. dilemma
【解析】考查名词。句意：很多妈妈面临着一个困境：是否重返工作岗位。根据单词首字母及句意“是否重返工作岗位”是一个困境，选择填写可数名词“dilemma”在句中作“face”“面临”的宾语。此处表示单数概念，故填dilemma。
4. kindergarten
【解析】考查名词。句意：4岁的芭芭拉每天去幼儿园。根据单词首字母以及句意“幼儿园”，可知应填名词kindergarten，作宾语，固定短语go to kindergarten，上幼儿园。故填kindergarten。
5. gratitude/ratitude
【解析】考查名词。句意：露西在母亲节买了一些花来表达她对母亲真诚的感谢。根据句意“感谢”和首字母提示以及空前的“express her sincere”可知，应填名词gratitude作宾语，此处表抽象概念，不可数。故填gratitude。
6. Congratulations
【解析】考查名词。句意：热烈祝贺！我们高兴地通知你：你赢得了演讲比赛。根据单词首字母以及句意“祝贺”可知是名词congratulation，常用复数形式，故填Congratulations。
7. opportunity/pportunity
【解析】考查名词。句意：这所高中的学生在第二年将有机会出国学习。分析句子成分可知，“the o ________ of studying abroad in their second year”作宾语，根据其前的定冠词和其后的定语“of studying abroad in their second year”可知，此处应用名词，根据所给首字母，结合句意，“opportunity(机会)”符合语境，故填opportunity。
8. tension/ension
【解析】考查名词。句意：微笑和大笑确实可以缓解紧张和压力。根据句意可知，所设空处与其后的“stress(压力)”并列，所以应用名词，根据所给首字母，结合句意，“tension(紧张)”符合语境，故填tension。
9. cash/ash
【解析】考查名词。句意：我是付现金还是用信用卡？根据单词首字母以及句意“现金”，可知应填名词cash，作宾语，短语in cash“用现金”。故填cash。
10. comfort/omfort
【解析】考查名词。句意：床上的毯子将提供额外的温暖和舒适。 根据句意和首字母提示，应填名词comfort“舒适”与warmth作并列宾语，且根据句意，comfort用作是不可数名词，故填comfort。
11. breath
【解析】考察名词。句意：Tori跑去商店给他妈妈买盐。当他到那里时，已经上气不接下气了。根据单词首字母以及句意，以及上文介词out of，可知此处应填名词。out of breath为固定搭配，意为“上气不接下气”。故填breath。
12. trick
【解析】考查名词。句意：我们在捉弄一个老是打扰我的人。根据单词首字母以及句意“捉弄”可知应填名词trick，作宾语，上文a提示应填单数名词。play a trick on sb.“捉弄某人”。故填trick。
13. permission
【解析】考查名词。句意：未经特别许可，任何人不得进入这个房间。根据单词首字母以及句意“许可”，可知应填名词permission，作宾语，表抽象概念，不可数。故填permission。
14. insects
【解析】考查名词。句意：大多数昆虫，如蝴蝶和甲虫，都有翅膀。根据后面的butterflies and beetles可知设空处应为昆虫，可数名词，主谓保持一致，应用复数形式，故填insects。
15. gift
【解析】考查名词。句意：这个年轻歌手有音乐天赋。根据单词首字母以及句意“天赋”，可知应填名词gift，作宾语，冠词a提示用单数。故填gift。
16. pace
【解析】考查名词。句意：他无法忍受工作的速度和工作量，所以他选择离开公司。根据句意、首字母提示及括号内解释，可知空白处填名词“速度”，pace“速度”为名词，故填pace。
17. theme
【解析】考查名词。句意：你喜欢这不电影的主题曲吗？根据句意和首字母提示，应填theme“主题”，名词作定语，修饰song，作定语用单数形式。故填theme。
18. motive(s)
【解析】考查名词。句意：当他再次到她家拜访时，她开始质疑他的动机。根据首字母提示以及上文形容词性代词his可知此处应用名词，motive“动机”符合语境，可数名词，结合语境此处用该词的单复数均可。故填motive(s)。
19. capacity
【解析】考查名词。句意：这个房间可容纳约80人。 让我们在这里举行招待会吧。根据单词首字母以及英文提示“容量，容积”，可知应填名词capacity，作宾语，表抽象概念，不可数。故填capacity。
20. ease
【解析】考查名词。句意：这家公司的新员工穿着时髦，电话里的声音悦耳，还有一种让顾客放松的自然魅力。根据单词首字母以及句意“放松”，可知应填名词ease，短语at ease“放松”。故填ease。
21. scenes
【解析】考查名词。句意：通常，导演和演员拍电影时，场景不是按顺序拍摄的。根据单词首字母以及句子意思的需要，应填名词scene（场景），由空格后的are可知，它在句中为可数名词作主语，需要变复数。故填scenes。
22. adaptation
【解析】考查名词。句意：电视剧改编的成功让她更受欢迎，也让她在写作上更有信心。根据句意、首字母提示以及空前的TV可知，这里应用名词adaptation，表示“改编”，再结合空后的has可知，这里的名词应用单数。故填adaptation。
23. patience
【解析】考查名词。句意：重建信任需要耐心和时间，而且进步通常是一步步来实现的。分析句子成分可知，空格处应填名词作宾语，再结合所给首字母以及句意可知，空格处应填patience。故填patience。
24. emphasis
【解析】考查名词。句意：他很看重家庭生活和关系的重要性。分析句子成分可知，空格处应填名词形式，place great emphasis on...表示“非常重视……”,结合所给首字母及句意可知，空格处应填emphasis。故填emphasis。
二、
25. compromise
【解析】考查名词。句意：我希望我们能达成妥协。come to a compromise达成妥协。根据汉语提示及句意，故填compromise。
26. achievement
【解析】考查名词。句意：第一次飞越大西洋是一个巨大的成就。分析句子结构可知，空格处作表语，再根据a great 可知，用名词单数。故填achievement。
27. consideration
【解析】考查名词的数。句意：是她对所有病人的仁慈和体贴使她成功了。本句是“It is/was +被强调部分+ that +其它”强调句型结构，被强调部分her kindness and 　　　　　　　　 to all the patients是句子主语，结合and前面用名词kindness，又根据汉语提示“考虑；体谅”，可知应填名词consideration，作主语，表抽象概念，不可数。故填consideration。
28. objective/aim/goal
【解析】考查名词。句意：为了给少女提供教育，她尝试了各种可能的方法。根据汉语提示“目标”以及上文定冠词the可知此处要用名词。故填objective/aim/goal。
29. atmosphere
【解析】考查名词。句意：父母应该确保他们的孩子在爱和关心的氛围中成长。根据汉语提示“氛围”以及上文不定冠词an可知此处要用名词。故填atmosphere。
30. performances/shows
【解析】考查名词。句意：来自不同俱乐部的学生将在音乐节上表演各种各样的精彩节目。根据汉语提示“表演”以及上文形容词wonderful可知此处要用名词，由A wide range of 可知要用名词的复数。故填performances/shows。
31. patience
【解析】考查名词。句意：教育有特殊需要的孩子需要耐心和理解。表示“耐心”应用名词patience作宾语，表抽象概念，不可数。故填patience。
32. minority
【解析】考查名词。句意：除了是花卉王国，它还是许多少数民族的家园。根据词义“少数”可知，应填名词minority，它修饰group作定语，构成ethnic minority groups（少数民族群体）。故填minority。
33. port
【解析】考查名词。句意：这是一座古老的港口城市，其历史可以追溯到罗马时代。根据词义“港口”可知，应填名词port作定语修饰city。故填port。
34. tension
【解析】考查名词。句意：由于有许多争端要解决，两国之间的紧张关系可能会持续下去。分析句子并结合空格前定冠词the可知，应填入名词作句子主语，再根据汉语提示可知，应使用名词tension，表示“紧张关系”，不可数。故填tension。
35. principle
【解析】考查名词。句意：为了使我们的国家更加繁荣昌盛，我们应坚决坚持科学发展的原则。根据汉语提示“原则”，以及上文stick to the 可知，此处应填名词principle作宾语。由后文of scientific development可知，此处指明了一个原则，应用名词单数形式。故填principle。
36. decades
【解析】考查名词。句意：在将近四十年的时间里，这个村庄一直没有受到打扰。根据句意，并结合空格前数词four和汉语提示可知，应填入可数名词decade(十年)的复数形式decades，作介词for的宾语。故填decades。
37. scholarship
【解析】考查名词。句意：这个勤奋的男孩获得了奖学金，这使他能上大学。 根据汉语提示“奖学金”，可知应填名词scholarship，作宾语，冠词a提示用单数。故填scholarship。
38. significance
【解析】考查名词。句意：在会上被问的问题起初看起来不重要，但可能会对公众产生重大影响。分析句子可知，of little后缺少名词，作of 的宾语，结合汉语提示，是不可数名词significance，故填significance。
39. decorations
【解析】考查名词。句意：我去了购物中心，买了些装饰品来装饰我们的房间。根据汉语提示及设空前some可知，此处要用名词复数。decoration“装饰物”为可数名词，故填decorations。
40. recommendation
【解析】考查名词。句意：多亏了导演的推荐，这位演员终于得到了他想了多年的角色。分析句子成分可知，“the director’s ________ (推荐)”作介词“thanks to(由于，幸亏)”宾语，所以应用名词，根据所给汉语提示，结合句意，“recommendation(推荐)”符合语境，故填recommendation。
41. function
【解析】考查名词。句意：这个设计的目标是形式和功能的和谐。根据汉语提示“功能”，以及上文of form and可知此处也要用名词的单数形式，作定语。故填function。
42. lectures
【解析】考查名词。句意：他定期做关于如何学习中文的讲座。根据汉语提示“讲座”，可知应填名词lecture，作宾语，前文没有冠词，表示数量大于一应用复数形式。故填lectures。
43. arrangements/preparations
【解析】考查名词。句意：我同意帮忙筹备聚会。根据汉语提示“筹备”及空格前介词with可知，此处可用可数名词arrangement，常用复数，或可数名词preparation，常用复数，作介词宾语。故填arrangements/preparations。
44. strength
【解析】考查名词。句意：约翰正试图增强自己的体力。根据汉语提示“体力”，可知应填名词strength，作宾语，表抽象概念，不可数。故填strength。
45. effort/efforts
【解析】考查名词。句意：学习说另一种语言需要努力。根据句子结构和汉语提示可知，此处应用名词effort作宾语，take effort/efforts为固定搭配，意为“努力”。故填effort/efforts。
46. devotion
【解析】考查名词。句意：他因对教育事业的献身精神而受到学生们的尊敬。根据汉语提示“献身”，可知应填名词devotion，作宾语，表抽象概念，不可数。故填devotion。
47. anxiety
【解析】考查名词。句意：“雷雨焦虑症”在狗中很常见，有些狗在雷雨天在主人的床下因害怕而颤抖。根据汉语提示及空后的is可知，空处应使用名词anxiety，作句子主语。故填anxiety。
48. growth
【解析】考查名词。句意：森林茂密的生长为各种各样的鸟类提供了筑巢的地方。根据汉语提示及设空前dense可知，此处要用名词。growth“生长”为不可数名词，故填growth。
49. anxieties
【解析】考查名词。句意：他所有的关心和焦虑让他看起来很老。根据句意和汉语提示，应填名词“anxiety”作主语，根据句意，此处用作复数，故填anxieties。
50. absence
【解析】考查名词。句意：他说不出旷课的原因，这使他的父母很生气。根据汉语提示“缺席”，以及上文形容词性代词his可知，此处要用名词，且absence是不可数名词。故填absence。
51. conclusion
【解析】考查名词。句意：不管怎样，我想让你们都知道，我一直在认真研究并得出结论。根据汉语提示“结论”以及前文定冠词the可知，此处应用名词conclusion作介词to的宾语，根据句意，此处conclusion用单数。故填conclusion。
52. professor
【解析】考查名词。句意：下周，北京大学的李教授将来给我们做一个关于绘画的讲座。空处解释Mr Li的身份，根据汉语提示可知是名词professor，空前的不定冠词a表明用可数名词单数，故填professor。
53. basis
【解析】考查名词。句意：你认为金钱是幸福生活的基础吗？根据汉语提示“基础”，以及空格前的定冠词可知，该处填写名词，作表语。又由后面作定语的介宾短语of a happy life可知，应填写名词的单数形式。故填basis。
54. belief
【解析】考查名词。句意：我坚定地认为，通过我们共同的努力，没有什么能阻挡我们实现目标的脚步。根据汉语提示“信念”可知，此处使用名词belief，由后面同位语从句的从句句意可知，此处特指“一个信念”，应用名词单数形式。故填belief。
55. opportunity
【解析】考查名词。句意：想象一下，当你独自在家的时候，有机会和成百上千的人一起唱歌。根据汉语提示及空前的the可知，空处应使用名词opportunity，作having的宾语。故填opportunity。
56. impact
【解析】考查名词。句意：两国之间的会谈对他们未来的关系产生了影响。根据汉语提示“影响”可知，应填名词impact，作宾语，短语have an impact on“对……产生影响”。故填impact。
57. belief
【解析】考查名词。句意：越来越多的人认为父母应该让孩子犯自己的错误。根据句意和汉语提示以及空格前的不定冠词a可知，此处应填名词belief“信念”，不可数名词（可用单数），在有形容词修饰时可用不定冠词，此处用作句子真正的主语。故填belief。
58. process
【解析】考查名词。句意：我认为生活本身是一个学习的过程。此处缺少名词作宾语，根据汉语提示可知是process，空前的a表明用可数名词单数，故填process。
59. attraction
【解析】考查名词。句意：除了四川美丽的风景外，那里的菜肴也吸引了游客。分析句子可知，设空处在there be句型中作主语，根据汉语提示可知是attraction，空前的an表明用可数名词单数，故填attraction。
60. behavior
【解析】考查名词。句意：他的善举得到很多人的赞誉。根据汉语提示“行为”，以及空格前的形容词kind可知，该处应填写名词。又由谓语动词的was praised可知，该处的主语应填写单数形式。故填behavior。
61. preference
【解析】考查名词。句意：虽然你偏爱科学，但你也不应该放弃历史。根据汉语提示“偏爱”可知，应填名词preference，作宾语，冠词a提示应用单数。故填preference。
62. generosity
【解析】考查名词。句意：我们应该用善良、慷慨和爱来对待他人。介词with后需接名词作宾语，根据汉语提示可知，generosity慷慨，不可数名词，符合题意。故填generosity。
63. possession
【解析】考查名词。句意：我有一些你会感兴趣的信息。根据汉语提示“拥有”，可知应填名词possession，作宾语，短语in possession of“拥有”。故填possession。
64. shade
【解析】考查名词。句意：夏天的中午时分，农民们坐在树荫下休息。根据词义“阴凉处”可知应填名词shade作介词in的宾语，作阴凉处为不可数名词。故填shade。
65. survivors
【解析】考查名词。句意：地震中的幸存者受到我国政府的精心照顾。根据汉语提示可知，survivor幸存者，名词作主语，符合题意，由空后were可知，空处名词需用复数。故填survivors。
66. distinctions/ differences
【解析】考查名词。句意：正如教授常说的那样，很容易找到艺术与科学之间的区别。根据汉意“区别”可知，应填名词distinction或difference作主语，由are可知，此处表示复数意义。故填distinctions/ differences。
67. stability
【解析】考查名词。句意：它可能威胁到该地区的和平与稳定。根据汉语提示“稳定”可知应填名词stability，作宾语，表抽象概念，不可数。故填stability。
68. crash
【解析】考查名词。句意：在那一刻，他们感到脚下的大地在震动，远处，他们听到屋顶坠落的碰撞声。根据句意及设空前the可知，此处要用名词“碰撞声”，crash意为“（东西倒下、打破等时发出的）碰撞声”，为不可数名词，故填crash。
69. fascination
【解析】考查名词。句意：米勒对中世纪艺术的迷恋可以追溯到她的童年时代。根据单词首字母以及英文提示“对某事非常感兴趣的状态”，可知应填名词fascination，作主语，表抽象概念，不可数。故填fascination。
70. variation
【解析】考查名词。句意：白面包其实只是法国面包的变体。根据单词首字母以及汉语提示“变体”，可知应填名词variation，作表语，表抽象概念，不可数名词。故填variation。
【练能力】
1
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Which is the most significant classical Chinese painting? According to Paul Denlinger, who 1. ( come) to China many times when young, it should be Qingming Shanghe Tu or Along the River During the Qingming Festival. This2. ( create) dates back to the Northern Song dynasty.
This painting is important3. several reasons. First, up until this time, almost all Chinese 4. ( painting) were landscapes, which did not feature people at all or had only a few people. 5. ( two) , this is the first scroll (卷轴)painting to describe both Chinese urban and suburban life during the period in the capital, Bianjing ( now Kaifeng, in Henan province). Third, the painting is highly detailed, 6. ( feature ) shops of all kinds and different economic activities in and out of the city. People are able to see the Chinese technologies of the time, which helps them 7. great deal in understanding 8. the Chinese lived.
The Beijing Palace Museum keeps the9. ( origin) Song painting and one of its famous copies—the Qing version 10. ( hold) in the M National Palace Museum” in Taipei.
【答案】
1. came
2. creation
3. for
4. paintings
5. Second
6. featuring
7. a
8. how
9. original
10. is held
【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了清明上河图为什么是最重要的中国古典绘画的原因。
1. 考查一般过去时。由“when young”可知，定语从句为一般过去时，所以谓语动词为came。故填came。
2. 考查名词。分析句子可知，本句的主语为This___2___( create)，所以this后接名词creation做句子的主语。故填creation。
3. 考查介词。for“因为”为介词符合句意，后接名词reasons作宾语。故填for。
4. 考查名词复数。painting为可数名词，且由all修饰，所以填名词复数paintings。故填paintings 。
5. 考查副词。分析句子可知，本句在说明清明上河图为什么重要的第二点原因，且由“First， Third”也可知，空处填Second。故填Second。
6. 考查现在分词。分析句子可知，主语the painting与feature在逻辑上是主动关系，所以用现在分词。故填featuring。
7. 考查固定短语。a great deal“许多，大量”为固定短语。当副词表程度 ，修饰形容词、副词或动词。故填a。
8. 考查连接副词。分析句子可知，understanding后接宾语从句，宾语从句缺少表示方式的连接副词how。故填 how。
9. 考查形容词。original为形容词修饰名词Song painting。故填original。
10. 考查一般现在时的被动语态。分析句子可知，and并列连接两个句子，由“the Beijing Palace Museum keeps”可知，and之后的句子为一般现在时，主语 one of its famous copies—the Qing version与谓语hold为被动，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。故填 is held。
2
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last October I left the UK behind and joined Gillotts School on their rugby and hockey tour in sunny Italy. It was my first time away on a sports tour and I could not have enjoyed it 11. (much)! Five days of sports, between training and matches with Italian players, but also plenty 12. time for sightseeing and free moments to enjoy an ice cream in the sun.
13. our flight had landed in Milan, we got on our coach and drove for a couple of hours towards our home for the week, the Hotel San Zeno, a 14. (comfort), family-run accommodation, with a splendid view of Lake Garda. Starting the day with a self-led training, enjoying a boat tour on the lake, wandering along the streets of Sirmione for a few hours and heading off 15. (play) a sport — these are just a few 16. (example) of the kind of adventures you could be having!
The girls and boys on this tour seemed to enjoy17. (they) thoroughly, especially after winning ALL of their games! I found myself 18. (cheer) them on like a proud aunt and celebrating afterwards with food, drink and social time, hosted by rugby clubs after matches. On the last day we headed back to 19. airport, but not before stopping in Milan! We 20. (pay) a visit to the San Siro museum and enjoyed a stadium tour before moving on to Milan city centre for an afternoon of shopping.
【答案】
11. more
12. of
13. After
14. comfortable
15. to play
16. examples
17. themselves
18. cheering
19. the
20. paid
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙事了上周作者去意大利进行橄榄球和曲棍球巡回赛，并叙述了这段旅行期间所做，所看。
11. 考查副词比较级。否定词+比较级表达最高级，意思是“再......也不为过”。所以空处填much的比较级more。故填more。
12. 考查介词。plenty of“许多”为固定短语，即可以修饰可数名词复数，也可以修饰不可数名词。故填of。
13. 考查连词。分析句子可知，作者到了米兰之后，又上了一辆长途大巴车。所以本句为after引导的时间状语从句。故填After。
14. 考查形容词。comfortable为形容词修饰名词accommodation。故填 comfortable。
15. 考查动词不定式。分析句子可知，本句为动词不定式作目的状语。故填to play。
16. 考查名词复数。a few 修饰可数名词复数。故填examples。
17. 考查代词。 enjoy oneself“玩的很开心”为固定短语。故填themselves。
18. 考查现在分词。find sb doing sth“发现某人正在做某事”，其中现在分词作宾语补足语。本句中的myself 与cheer在逻辑上是主动关系，所以应用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填cheering。
19. 考查冠词。airport为可数名词，在本句中表示特指，所以用定冠词the来修饰。故填the。
20. 考查一般过去时。and并列连接谓语动词enjoyed和paid。故填paid。
3
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词或括号内单词的正确形式
We’ve all turned to sad music to make us feel 21. (good)at some point in our lives, but why does doubling down on the sadness help drag us out of the mire(泥沼 )？
A new study sheds light on what’s going on inside our brains 22. we match our music to our feelings. It looks like sad music can be enjoyable -rather than 23. (simple) depressing- because it triggers positive memories that can help to lift our mood. Psychologist Adrian North from Curtin University in Australia says there 24. (be)two groups of possible25. (explain)for why we enjoy listening to sad music like this: one from social psychology, and one from cognitive neuroscience(认知神经学).
In terms of social psychology, one way of 26. (think) about this is that we feel much better about 27. (we) if we focus on someone who’s doing even worse, a process known as downward social comparison. Everything’s going to be okay, because this person 28. (have) an even worse day than you are.
Another theory from social psychology is that people like to listen 29. music that mirrors the tone of their current life circumstances -the songs act as 30. sort of tuning fork(音叉) for our own situations and they resonate(共鸣) with us.
【答案】
21. better
22. when/as
23. simply
24. are
25. explanations
26. thinking
27. ourselves
28. is having/has
29. to
30. a
【解析】这是一篇说明文。我们都曾在生命中的某些时刻通过听悲伤的歌来让自己好受一些，但是为什么更多的悲伤反而会让我们走出低谷呢？社会心理学有的派别认为是通过下行社会比较让我们感觉好一些，有的派别认为是那些悲伤的音乐让我们产生心理共鸣，所以感觉会好一些。
21. 考查形容词比较级。句意：我们都曾在生命中的某些时刻通过听悲伤的歌来让自己好受一些。空格处单词位于系动词feel后，应用形容词形式。根据句意“让我们感受更好受一些”，应使用形容词比较级形式。且空格处单词与第三段中的“feel much better”呼应，故填better。
22. 考查时间状语从句中的连词。句意：一项新的研究阐明了当我们将所听的音乐与心中感受配对的时候我们大脑里到底发生了什么。根据句意，这是一个时间状语从句。由于空格后句子使用的是一般现在时，所以空格处连词可以填when/as。
23. 考查副词。句意：其结果显示：悲伤的音乐也能带来愉悦而不是简单地令人低落。空格处单词修饰形容词depressing，应用副词形式。故填simply。
24. 考查主谓一致。句意：关于我们为什么喜欢听悲伤的音乐有两派可能的解释。这里使用的是there be句型，be动词与其后主语保持一致。句中“two groups of”为复数意义，故be动词填are。
25. 考查名词的复数形式。句意同上。空格处单词位于形容词后介词前，应用名词形式。“explain（解释）”的名词形式为explanation，且为可数名词。这句话后列出了来自社会心理学与来自认知神经科学的两派解释，所以空格处名词用复数形式。故填explanations。
26. 考查动名词。句意：从社会心理学这一派来讲，有一种思路是：当我们把注意力集中在一个比我们过得还惨的人身上时，我们会觉得好受些。空格位于介词of后，且think about是动词词组，所以空格处填动名词形式。故填thinking。
27. 考查反身代词。句意同上。由于表语从句的从句部分主语we与about后的宾语指代的是同一类人，所以介词后宾语使用反身代词。we的反身代词为ourselves，故填ourselves。
28. 考查时态语态与主谓一致。句意：一切都会好起来的，因为这个人比你过得更惨。这是原因状语从句，前半句使用的是一般现在时，所以从句部分也使用一般时态。根据句意，从句部分使用一般现在时或现在进行时都可以，主语this person是第三人称单数，故填is having/has。
29. 考查介词。句意：另一个假说是人们喜欢听那些能反映自己现在生活境况基调的音乐，这些歌对于我们的境况来讲起到了类似音叉的作用，它们与我们产生了共鸣。“listen”是不及物动词，后边加名词时需要加介词to，故填to。
30. 考查冠词。句意同上。空格位于单数名词sort前，空格前为介词，所以空格处需要填冠词。“a sort of”意为“一种”，为固定搭配。故填a。
4
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
For the first time in 94 years, the Palace Museum has extended its opening hours, allowing the public to celebrate the Lantern Festival at night in the ancient palace.
About 3,000 lucky visitors received free tickets from the government, among 31. was Zhang Zhifu, a 77-year-old public security volunteer. It’s a mark of gratitude for her volunteer work. “It is 32. (true) an honor to be granted this special privilege,” Zhang said.
To guarantee the 33. (safe) of the palace, festival organizers 34. (plan) this year’s Lantern Festival event used LED lights rather than traditional paper lanterns and red candles. It’s a fascinating event for visitors to absorb 35. (they) in the festive atmosphere in the museum. Discussion of the Palace Museum’s new look lit up social media following Tuesday’s display.
Since he became director of the Palace Museum, Shan Jixiang 36. (bring) many changes to the world’s 37. (large) royal complex (建筑群). Once in a speech the 64-year-old director shared his idea about how to make traditional 38. (treasure) come alive again. “ 39. matters to a museum is not how many visitors they have, but how close they are 40. people’s daily lives,” he said.
【答案】
31. whom
32. truly
33. safety
34. planning
35. themselves
36. has brought
37. largest
38. treasures
39. What
40. to
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了故宫博物院94年来首次延长开放时间，允许公众在晚上在这座古老的宫殿里庆祝元宵节，并且吸引了很多游客。
31. 考查定语从句连接词。句意：大约3000名幸运的游客获得了政府的免费门票，其中包括77岁的公安志愿者张志福。whom引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词visitors，且在定语从句中作介词among的宾语，指人，故填whom。
32. 考查副词。句意：张说:“能被授予这样的特权真的是我的荣幸。”副词修饰整句话，故填truly。。
33. 考查名词。句意：为了保证故宫的安全，今年元宵节活动的组织者使用LED灯而不是传统的纸灯笼和红蜡烛。根据the可知填写名词，博物馆的安全，故填safety。
34. 考查非谓语动词。organizers与plan是主动关系，故填现在分词做后置定语，故填planning。
35. 考查反身代词。句意：这是一个吸引人的事件，让游客沉浸在博物馆的节日气氛中。短语absorb oneself in表示“集中注意力在……上”，指代visitors，故填themselves。
36. 考查动词时态。句意：自从成为故宫博物院院长以来，单霁翔给这个世界上最大的皇家建筑群带来了许多变化。根据since可知填写现在完成时，主语是单数名词，故填has brought。
37. 考查形容词最高级。句意：世界上最大的皇家建筑群。根据句意可知应填形容词最高级，故填largest。
38. 考查名词的数。句意：在一次演讲中，这位64岁的导演分享了他关于如何让传统宝藏重新焕发生机的想法。treasure为可数名词，此处表示数量不止一个，故填名词复数treasures。
39. 考查名词性从句连接词。句意：“对博物馆来说，重要的不是有多少游客，而是他们离人们的日常生活有多近，”他说。what引导主语从句，因为从句中缺少主语，故填What。
40. 考查介词。短语be close to表示“靠近，接近”，故填介词to。
5
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Luoyang is one of the cities in China 41. artistic, religious and scientific cultures all once developed like never before. Daoism began there and the first Buddhist temple 42. （build）in the city. This special spot is not only the hometown of China’s most famous 43. （invent）including papermaking, printing and the compass, but also home to the nation's most brilliant poets and painters.
Today, Luoyang still attracts many tourists every year. Located in the middle reaches（中游）of the Yellow River in Central China's Henan Province and 44. （surround）by mountains and plains, Luoyang occupies 45. important strategic（战略的）location.
As one of China's ancient capitals, Luoyang was a seat of power for 13 dynasties and is a city with a splendid historical and 46. （culture）background. Its long history endows（赋予）it with rich culture, which is 47. （easy）seen in grand palaces, temples and caves. The city is also well known 48. the“City of Peony”. In spring, many tourists travel to Luoyang 49. （appreciate） the beautiful peony. Luoyang is now an energetic and charming tourist place that 50. （welcome）guests from all over the world to explore its glorious past.
【答案】
41. where
42. was built
43. inventions
44. surrounded
45. an
46. cultural
47. easily
48. as
49. to appreciate
50. welcomes
【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了中国历史文化名城——洛阳。
41. 考查关系副词。Luoyang是先行词，在定语从句中充当地点状语成分，故填where。
42. 考查动词的时态和语态。the first Buddhist temple是主语，与谓语动词build是被动关系，began提示是过去时态，故填was built。
43. 考查名词。根据后面列举的发明判断是很多发明，用复数形式，故填inventions。
44. 考查非谓语动词。根据and判断此处与Located并列用非谓语动词，“包围”和“大山”是被动关系，用过去分词，故填surrounded。
45. 考查冠词。此处表示“洛阳占据一个重要的位置”，故填an。
46. 考查形容词。根据historical and判断要用形容词形式，形容词修饰名词，故填cultural。
47. 考查副词。副词修饰动词，故填easily。
48. 考查固定搭配。be known as“作为……而著名”，故填as。
49. 考查非谓语动词。表示目的，用动词不定式，故填to appreciate。
50. 考查主谓一致。that指代place作主语，谓语动词用单数，故填welcomes。
6
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Anvitha Vijay, who is only nine years old, has built two educational apps. One is Smartkins Animals, which helps many51. (child) identify more than 100 animals and 52. other Rainbow Colors, which teaches kids colors.
With the help of YouTube videos, the young girl from Melbourne, Australia, learned to code (编程)at age 7 all by53. (she). Soon, she was trying her hand at making apps. “When I first got my iPad, I 54. (attract)immediately by all the apps on it,” she told TFK. “It wasn’t long 55. I wanted to create my own.”
Anvitha’s skills won her scholarship to attend a big tech conference hosted by Apple in San Francisco, California. There, she got tips from the professionals and went to workshops 56. she learned about the latest software for app building. all that training led to an idea for a third app. This one,57. (call) GoalsHi, inspires kids to practice good habits.
Anvitha’s goal is to continue crating technology that helps kids learn while58. (have)fun. But what’s even more 59. (importance) to her is that the world sees the power of technology in kids’ hands. “The more training we get in tech at an early age,” she says, “the60. (good)chance we will have of becoming innovation champions who will one day change the world.”
【答案】
51. children
52. the
53. herself
54. was attracted
55. before
56. where
57. called
58. having
59. important
60. better
【解析】本文是记叙文。讲述了一个9岁的姑娘自己创造了两个教孩子们学习的app, 她参加比赛，并获得专家指导。由此引发思考：孩子应该更早的接受科技的教育，也许她就是一个能够改变世界的人。
51. 考查名词复数。children是child的复数形式，many为复数的标志。句意：软件帮助了许多孩子，故填children.
52. 考查代词。the other除已知事物外剩余的，两种事物中的另一个。本句在介绍两种app中的另一款，故填the.
53. 考查反身代词。by herself 通过她自己。句意：她完全通过自己学习编程。故填herself 。
54. 考查被动语态。句意：我立刻被那些app吸引了，be attracted被吸引。又因为是过去时，故填一般过去时的被动was attracted.
55. 考查固定搭配。long before很久，此处与否定词连用表示“不久”。句意：不久我将会创造属于我自己的。故填before.
56. 考查定语从句。句中包含定语从句，先行词是workshops ，在定语从句中作状语，引导词用关系副词。work shops为地点，故填where.
57. 考查被动语态。This one和动词call是被动关系，用过去分词作定语，called “被称作”。故填called。
58. 考查动词形式。while “当…的时候”，引导时间状语从句时，谓语动词用延续性动词或表状态的词，故填having.
59. 考查形容词。more后加形容词构成比较级，表示更…，句中more important 意为“更重要”。故填important .
60. 考查比较级。the+比较级，the +比较级表“越来越”，与上句The more training呼应。句意：我们在很小的时候接受的技术培训越多，那些有一天会改变世界的人就会有更好的机会去取得创新冠军。故填better。
7
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The giant panda 61. (love) by people throughout the world. Chinese scientists 62. (recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby. She was a very 63. (care) mother. For 25days, she never left her baby, not even to find something 64. (eat)! She would not let any other pandas come near. She licked the baby constantly to keep it clean. Any smell might attract natural 65. (enemy) that would try to eat the little comforting panda. The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does. 66. it cried, she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats. The mother continued to care for the young panda 67. more than two years. By that time, the panda no longer needed 68. (it) mother for food. However, it stayed with her and leaned about the ways of the forest. Then, after two and a half years, the mother 69. (drive) the young panda away. It was time for her to have a new baby, 70. it was also time for the young panda to be independent.
【答案】
61. is loved
62. recently
63. caring/careful
64. to eat
65. enemies
66. When/If
67. for
68. its
69. drove
70. and
【解析】文章是记叙文。主要讲述了中国科学家对大熊猫的观察和研究。
61. 考查被动语态。句意：大熊猫深受全世界人民的喜爱。panda与love之间处于被动关系。根据题意和介词by，故填is loved。
62. 考查副词。句意：中国科学家最近有机会研究一只野生雌性熊猫和一个刚出生的小熊猫。副词作状语。根据题意，故填recently。
63. 考查形容词。句意：她是个非常细心的母亲。修饰名词mother且由副词very修饰用形容词。根据题意，故填caring/careful。
64. 考查动词不定式。句意：25天来，她从未离开过她的孩子，甚至不去找吃的！动词不定式作定语修饰something。根据题意，故填to eat。
65. 考查名词复数。句意：任何气味都会吸引那些试图去抓小熊猫的天敌。天敌不止一个，故应使用名词复数。根据题意，故填enemies。
66. 考查状语从句。句意：当/如果小熊猫哭时，她来回摇晃着，轻轻拍小熊猫。when引导时间状语，或由if引导条件状语从句。根据题意，故填when/if。
67. 考查介词。句意：这位母亲继续照顾这只小熊猫两年多。for+时间段（表示一段时间）。根据题意，故填for。
68. 考查形容词性物主代词。句意：到那时，熊猫不再需要它的妈妈找来吃的。根据句意，修饰名词 mother用形容词性物主代词，故填its。
69. 考查动词时态。句意：两年半后，母亲会把小熊猫赶走。文章使用一般过去时描述事情，根据题意，故填drove。
70. 考查连词。句意：现在是她生孩子的时候了，也是小熊猫独立的时候了。前后为并列句，根据题意，故填and。
【练真题】
一、单项选择
1. （2017·天津卷）The newspaper gave an accurate ________ of what happened the night before last.
A. example B. display C. signal D. account
2. （2021·天津卷）Great improvements in public health have been brought about by ________ in medical science.
A. traditions B. advances C. pressures D. examples
3. （2012·江西卷）You’d better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future .
A. purpose B. reference C. progress D. memory
4. （2013·江苏卷）（2013·江苏）With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture can take a ________ for the better.
A. share B. chance
C. turn D. lead
5. （2012·浙江卷）Your_____ as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn.
A. operation B. growth C. performance D. character
6. （2013·湖北卷）Poetry written from the ______ of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging.
A. perspective B. priority C. participation D. privilege
7. （2013·天津卷）While she was in Paris, she developed a _____ for fine art.
A. way B. relation C. taste D. habit
8. （2020·江苏卷）The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable ______.
A. reservation B. transformation C. distinction D. submission
9. （2020·天津卷）His vivid descriptions of country life quickly became popular, which established his _____________as one of America's greatest writers.
A. trust B. contact C. reputation D. theory
10. （2018·天津卷）Can we stop the ______ of the world’s deserts and save the land that man depends so much on?
A. loss B. heat C. spread D. defence
11. （2019·江苏卷）Nowadays the ________ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.
A. priority B. potential C. proportion D. pension
12. （2019·天津卷）We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ________ on our lives in many ways.
A. statement B. impact
C. impression D. judgment
13. （2019·天津卷）People believe writing poems provides a through which they can express their feelings.
A. shelter B. source
C. channel D. background
14. （2015·江苏卷）—Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave.
—I’d like to, but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with my ______ .
A. requests B. excuses
C. apologies D. regrets
15. （2007·安徽卷）The practice of hanging clothes across the street is a common_____in many parts of the city.
A. look B. sign
C. sight D. appearance
16. （2018·江苏卷）Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the _______ you’ve made.
A. assignment B. association
C. acquisition D. assumption
17. （2018·天津卷）The__________ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.
A. advice B. order
C. possibility D. invitation
18. （2016·江苏卷）— Can you tell us your____for happiness and a long life?
— Living every day to the full, definitely.
A. recipe B. record
C. range D. receipt
19. （2011·福建卷）The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major _____________ of global climate change.
A. Result B. cause
C. warning D. reflection
20. （2014·天津卷）Wind is now the world’s fastest growing ________ of power.
A. source B. sense C. result D. root
21. （2014·湖北卷）When Richard said，“You are much more agreeable and prettier now，Joan’s face turned red at the unexpected_____.
A. command B. comparison C. compliment D. contribution
22. （2013·湖北卷）Carbon dioxide, which makes a ______ between us and the sun, prevents heat from getting out of the atmosphere easily, so the earth is becoming warmer.
A. difference B. comparison C. connection D. barrier
23. （2011·四川卷）Always remember to put such dangerous things as knives out of children’s
A. touch B. sight C. reach D. distance
24. （2011·浙江卷）Anyway,I can't cheat him－it's against all my________.
A. emotions B. principles C. regulations D. opinions
25. （2015·浙江卷）One of the most effective ways to reduce ________ is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.
A. production B. stress
C. energy D. power
26. （2011·江西卷）What’s the , in your opinion, of helping him if he doesn’t make an effort to help himself?
A. sympathy B. theme
C. object D. point
27. （2014·江苏卷）She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful in last year's election.
A. symbol B. portrait
C. identity D. statue
28. （2016·浙江卷）It is important to pay your electricity bill on time, as late payments may affect your ________.
A. condition B. income
C. credit D. status
29. （2015·安徽卷）There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some ______ and then let me know.
A. thought B. support
C. protection D. authority
30. （2015·福建卷）The failure was a big __________ to him, but he wasn’t discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.
A. blow B. issue
C. excuse D. factor
31. （2012·福建卷）—Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?
—Well, you know, English is my ________. So it is my best choice.
A. strength B. talent
C. ability D. skill
32. （2012·天津卷）You were working too hard. You’d better keep a ________between work and relaxation.
A. promise B. lead C. balance D. diary
33. （2012·山东卷）My first _______ of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.
A. expression B. attention C. satisfaction D. impression
34. （2011·湖北卷）“Tommy, run! Be quick! The house is on fire!” the mother shouted, with______ clearly in her voice.
A. anger B. rudeness
C. regret D. panic
35. （2011·湖北卷）Giviog up my job to go back to full time education was s a big________, but now I know was the best decision I ever made.
A. project B. commitment C. competition D. ambition
36. （2007·辽宁卷）Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a ________of exercise.
A. limit B. lack
C. need D. demand
37. （2016·天津卷）The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight _____ of rain later tonight.
A. effect B. sense
C. change D. chance
38. （2015·江苏卷）Some schools will have to make ______ in agreement with the national soccer reform.
A. judgments B. adjustments
C. comments D. achievements
39. （2015·湖北卷）When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his ___ and had a bad fall.
A. balance B. chance
C. memory D. place
40. （2015·湖北卷）He gave himself a new name to hide his ____ when he went to carry out the secret task.
A. emotion B. talent
C. identity D. treasure
二、语法填空（2017·浙江卷）
Easy Ways to Build Vocabulary
It's not all that hard to build an advanced and large vocabulary. Like many things in life, it's 41. ongoing process, and the best part of the process is that there's enough room for improvement, 42. means you'll just keep getting better and better. Of course you have to work at it. You wouldn't think that a few 43. (month) of exercise in your teens would be enough 44. the rest of your life, and that's also true for building your vocabulary--you have to keep at it daily, and pretty soon you will find that you have an excellent vocabulary.
One of the 45. (effect) ways to build vocabulary is to read good books. You need to 46. (real) read at least one good book a week, preferably a classic. This isn't as hard as it 47. (sound), and it is far better than any other method because you improve your vocabulary while 48. (read) an interesting piece of literature. Another nice thing is that you learn both new words and 49. (they) use unconsciously, meaning that you will tend to use the words 50. (learn) this way in conversations almost automatically.

参考答案
一、
1. D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：报纸对前天晚上发生的事作了准确的报道。A. example例子；B. display展示；C. signal信号；D. account账户，解释。根据后文“of what happened the night before last”可知指报纸对前天晚上发生的事做了准确的解释报道，应用account。故选D。
2. B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：医学的进步带来了公共健康的巨大改善。A. traditions传统；B. advances前进，进步；C. pressures压力；D. examples例子。根据上文“Great improvements in public health have been brought about”可知，公共健康的巨大改善是由医学的进步带来的，advances符合语境。故选B。
3. B
【解析】试题分析：考查名词辨析。句意：你最好把这个餐厅的电话号码记下来以备以后参考。A. purpose目的；B. reference参考；C. progress进步；D. memory记忆。for reference表示“以供参考”，故B正确。
4. C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：受到其它饮食文化的鼓舞，美国的饮食文化正在向更好的方向转变。A. share分享；B. chance 机会；C. turn轮流； D. lead领导。 “take a share” 分担；参加；(为…)出力；“take a chance” 冒险；“take a turn” 轮流 ；绕住转一圈变动 ；变动；“take a lead” 带头。根据“for the better.”可知，美国的饮食文化正在向更好的方向转变。故选C项。
5. C
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：作为一名学生，如果你养成课后复习的好习惯，那么你的表现就会很优异。A.操作 B.生长 C.表现 D.性格。学生如果有课后复习的好习惯，会表现优秀。故选C。
6. A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：从城市青年的角度写的诗歌，往往表现出他们对归属感缺失的焦虑。A. perspective观点，思维方式；B. priority优先，优先权；C. participation参加，参与；D. privilege特权，优惠。根据语境可知，此处指从城市青年的角度写的诗歌。故选A。
7. C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她在巴黎期间，培养了对艺术的鉴赏力。A.way方法，道路；B. relation关系；C. taste品尝，鉴赏力；D. habit习惯。develop a taste for“培养对……的鉴赏力”。故选C。
8. B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多国家的卫生安全系统正在经历重大变革。A. reservation预订；B. transformation改革，变革；C. distinction区别；D. submission提交。根据前文The health security systems可知，此处指“卫生安全系统的变革”。故选B。
9. C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他对乡村生活的生动描述迅速流行起来，这树立了他作为美国伟大作家之一的声誉。A. trust信任；B. contact联系；C. reputation声誉；D. theory理论。根据句意，尤其是greatest writers可知此处用reputation“声誉”符合语境，故选C项。
10. C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们能阻止世界上沙漠的蔓延，拯救人类如此依赖的土地吗?A. loss丢失；B. heat热量；C. spread蔓延；D. defence 防御。由“the world’s deserts and save the land”可知，spread“蔓延”符合句意。故选C项。
11. A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当今，旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。A. priority优先；优先权；B. potential潜在的，可能的；C. proportion比例，占比；D. pension退休金，抚恤金。故选A符合语境。
12. B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们可以观察到人工智能已经在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了影响。A. statement陈述说明；B. impact影响，效果；C. impression印象；D. judgment判断。故选B符合语境。
13. C
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：人们认为写诗是他们表达感情的一个渠道。A. shelter遮蔽物；B. source来源；C. channel通道；D. background背景。故C选项正确。
14. C
【解析】名词词义辨析。句意：——Dave，去跟你的妈妈道歉。——我想这样做，但是我担心她对我的道歉不满意。A项“请求”；B项“借口”；C项“道歉”；D项“遗憾，后悔”。这里指担心自己的道歉让妈妈不满意。故选C项。
15. C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这个城市的许多地方，在街对面挂衣服的做法是很常见的。look意为“样子，外表”。sign意为“记号，符号”。sight意为“视觉，风景”。appearance意为“出现，露面，出场，登台，外貌，外观”。根据“The practice of hanging clothes across the street”得知，街对面挂衣服是一个常见景象。故选C。
16. D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：试着去理解实际发生的事情，而不是按照你所做的假设行事。A. assignment分配；B. association协会，社团；C. acquisition获得物；D. assumption假设。故选D。
17. C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：宇宙中其它星球上存在生命这种可能性总是激励科学家们去探索外部空间。A. advice建议；B. order命令；C. possibility可能性；D. invitation邀请。故选C。
18. A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：——你能告诉我们你幸福长寿的秘诀吗?——当然是充实地过好每一天。recipe秘诀，食谱，药方；record记录；range范围；receipt收据，收条。这里指幸福长寿的秘诀。故选A。
19. B
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：人们缺乏对环境友好的习惯被认为是全球气候变化的一个主要原因。result意为“结果；后果”；cause意为“原因；起因”；warning意为“警告”；reflection意为“表现，反映”。题意为“……是全球气候变化的主要原因(起因)之一”，B项符合。故选B。
20. A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：风现在是世界上增长最快的电力资源。A. source 资源；B. sense感觉，意识；C. result结果；D. root根源。根据空后of power及语境可知，此处指电力资源。故选A。
21. C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当理查德说:“你现在更讨人喜欢了，也更漂亮了。”听到这意外的夸奖，琼的脸变红了。A. command命令，要求；B. comparison比较；C. compliment称赞；恭维；D. contribution贡献。说话的内容是“你更加和蔼可亲和漂亮了”，明显是夸赞之言，故选C。
22. D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：二氧化碳在我们和太阳之间形成了一道屏障，阻止热量轻易地从大气中散发出去，因此地球正变得越来越暖。A. difference差异； B. comparison比较；C. connection连接；D. barrier屏障。根据prevents heat from getting out of the atmosphere easily可知二氧化碳在我们和太阳之间形成了一道屏障。故选D。
23. C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：总是要记得将小刀这类危险的东西放到小孩拿不到的地方。out of one’s reach意为“够不着，拿不到”。out of touch意为“没联系”；out of sight意为“没看见”；out of distance意为“距离很远”。结合句意可知，要将危险的物品放到小孩子够不着的地方。故选C。
24. B
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意为：不管怎么说，我都不会欺骗你们－我不能违背我的原则。A. emotions 感情；B. principles原则； C. regulations规则； D. opinions观点。根据“I can't cheat him”可知，不管怎么说，我都不会欺骗你们－我不能违背我的原则。故选B项。
25. B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一种最有效的减压方法就是和你觉得信任的人谈谈你的想法。A. production产品；B. stress压力； C. energy能源； D. power力量。根据常识可以知道，和别人谈心应该来说是减压。故选B。
26. D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在你看来，如果他不努力帮助自己，帮助他又有什么意义呢？ A. sympathy同情；B. theme主题；C. object目标；D. point意图，目的，理由。根据“if he doesn’t make an effort to help himself”可知，如果他不努力帮助自己，帮助他是没有意义的。故选D。
27. A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：两年前她被软禁，但是在去年的大选中仍然是势力强大的代表人物。A. symbol象征，标志；B. portrait肖像；C. identity身份，特征；D. statue塑像，雕像。根据句意可知，但是在去年的大选中仍然是势力强大的代表人物。故A正确。
28. C
【解析】考查名词。句意：准时付电费很重要，因为付晚了会影响你的信用。condition条件；income收入；credit学分，信用（卡）；status地位。根据It is important to pay your electricity bill on time 可知，付晚了会影响你的信用。故选C。
29. A
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：现在没必要告诉我答案，你再思考一下，之后告诉我。A思考；B支持；C保护；D权威，当局。这里指让对方再好好想想，故选A。
30. A
【解析】考查名词辨析: 意思：这个失败对他来说是一个打击，但是他没有泄气，很快振作恢复了原来的热情。 A. blow打击; B. issue问题; C. excuse借口; D. factor要素。根据“but he wasn’t discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.”可知，blow“打击”符合句意。故选A
31. A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：——你为什么选择在国际旅行社工作？——你知道，英语是我的优势。所以这是我最好的选择。A. strength优势，优点；B. talent才能；C. ability能力；D. skill技能。由前文work in an international travel agency可知，英语是我的优势。故选A。
32. C
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：你工作太认真了，你最好在工作和放松之间保持平衡。A.promise诺言；B.lead领先；C.balance平衡；D.diary日记。keep a balance 保持平衡；结合句意可知C正确。
33. D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我对他的第一印象是他是个友善的考虑周到的年轻人。A. expression表达；B. attention注意；C. satisfaction 满意；D. impression印象。根据he was a kind and thoughtful young man可知，此处指“我对他的第一印象”。故选D。
34. D
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：句意：“Tommy，快点跑，房子着火了”妈妈叫喊着，声音里明显带着惊慌。A. anger愤怒；B. rudeness粗鲁；C. regret后悔；D. panic恐慌。D项符合语境。
35. B
【解析】考查名词。句意为：放弃工作去接受教育是一个很大的奉献，但是我知道这是我曾经做过的最好的决定。A.project项目；B.commitment承诺；投入；C.competition竞争；D.ambition志向，抱负。根据句意“为了全职教育而放弃工作”这应该是一中“投入”，故选B.
36. B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：健康问题和坏的饮食习惯以及缺乏锻炼息息相关。A.limit限制；B.lack缺少；C.need需要；D.demand 要求。a lack of “缺少”为固定短语。故选B。
37. D
【解析】试题分析：句意：天气预报说今天今天会是多云，后半夜可能有雨。A.影响；B.感觉；C.改变；D.机会，可能性。故选D。
38. B
【解析】名词词义辨析。句意：为了与国家的足球改革相适应，一些学校必须做出调整。A项“判断，决断”；B项“调整”；C项“评价，评论”；D项“成就”。根据“in agreement with the national soccer reform.”可知，学校做出调整是为了与国家的足球改革相适应。故选B项。
39. A
【解析】名词词义辨析。句意：男孩在追他哥哥时，失去了平衡，重重地摔了一跤。A项“平衡”；B项“机会”；C项“记忆”；D项“地方”。lose one’s balance“失去平衡”。故选A项。
本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。四个选项都可以跟前面的动词lose搭配。考生应抓住题干中关键信息“had a bad fall（重重地摔了一跤）”，不禁会产生疑问：怎么会摔了一跤呢？然后根据搭配lose one’s balance“失去平衡”锁定正确答案。
40. C
【解析】名词词义辨析。句意：他执行一项秘密任务时，给自己起了一个新的名字来掩盖身份。A项“情绪”；B项“才能”；C项“身份”；D项“财富”。故选C项。
二、
【答案】41. an
42. which
43. months
44. for
45. most effective
46. really
47. sounds
48. reading
49. their
50. learned
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。讲述了轻松积累词汇的几种方法。
41. 考查冠词。句意：和生活中许多事情一样，积累词汇也是一个不断发展的过程。由语境可知填“一个”，欧宁以元音音素开头， “一个”用不定冠词an表示泛指。故填an。
42. 考查定语从句关系词。句意：通过分析句子结构可知，_______means you'll just keep getting better and better.是定语从句，空白处所填的词指代逗号前的there’s enough room for improvement，which在句中为关系代词，引导非限定性定语从句，并在句中作主语。故填which。
43. 考查名词单复数。句意：你认为青少年时期几个月的记忆锻炼不够。month为可数名词，且由a few可知month应用复数形式。故填months。
44. 考查介词。句意：几个月的记忆锻炼对于余生是不够的。be enough for sth 对······已足够。故填介词for。
45. 考查形容词最高级。句意：读好书是扩大词汇量最有效的方法之一。此处要表达的是“最有效的方法之一”，因此填most effective。
46. 考查词性转换。句意：你需要一周至少真正读一本书。此处应用副词修饰动词 read，因此填really。
47. 考查谓语动词。句意：这件事并不像听起来那么难。描述的是一般事实，而且主语为it，因此用sound的一般现在时第三人称单数形式。故填sounds.
48. 考查非谓语动词。句意：你在阅读一篇有趣的文学故事时增长词汇量。逻辑主语you与动词read为主动关系，故用现在分词reading ... 作状语；也可视为状语从句while you are reading... 的省略形式。故填reading。
49. 考查代词。句意：另一个好处是你不知不觉中学习到了新词和它们的用法。use在此处是名词，故用形容词性物主代词their作定语。故填their。
50. 考查非谓语动词。句意：你自然会在对话中使用这些词汇。learned / learnt作后置定语修饰words，表示“已学过的词”， words与learn是被动的关系，因此用过去分词。故填learned/learnt。