2018-2022年江苏中考英语5年真题1年模拟汇编 专题01 短文首字母填空（学生卷+教师卷）

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专题01 短文首字母填空

（2022·江苏泰州·中考真题）根据短文内容及首字母提示，补全空格内单词，使短文完整、通顺（请在答题卡上写出完整单词）。

It was a beautiful fall day. I was out riding my bicycle. I guessed I rode over a hole in the road. All of a sudden, WHAM(砰)! I fell off my bicycle. My right side really h__1__!
My head hit the ground h__2__. I lay there for a few minutes. I tried to get up, b__3__ I failed! “There must be s__4__ wrong with me,” I thought. I felt so t__5__ that I had to still lie there. Then I saw b__6__ on my shoe. My hand and knee were bleeding.
As I lay there, I took off my helmet. There was a sharp rock sticking out of it. I looked at it in f__7__. Thank goodness I wore my helmet!
I shouted for help. At that time, a truck went by. The driver s__8__ his truck and came to help me. He put my bicycle in the back of his truck and drove me to the hospital.
When my mother got to the hospital, she gave me a big hug(拥抱). “I’m so glad you were wearing your helmet. The helmet saved your life,” she said. She knew I was c__9__ before and did not always wear my helmet. “Mum, it was not the helmet i__10__ that saved my life, but safety awareness did. I’ll ride my bicycle with great care later on!”
【答案】1．(h)urt 2．(h)eavily 3．(b)ut 4．(s)omething5．(t)errible
6．(b)lood7．(f)ear8．(s)topped9．(c)areless10．(i)tself
【解析】
本文讲述了作者在骑车时重重的摔倒，安全意识救了他的命的故事。
1．句意：我的右侧真的很痛！根据“I fell off my bicycle.”和首字母可知，此处是指受伤了。hurt“受伤”，动词；本文主体时态为一般过去时，hurt的过去式还是hurt。故填(h)urt。
2．句意：我的头重重地撞在地上。根据“I lay there for a few minutes.”和首字母可知，此处是指重重地摔在地下。heavily“重重地”，副词修饰动词。故填(h)eavily。
3．句意：我想站起来，但我失败了！根据“I failed!”可知，句子前后是转折关系，结合首字母可知是连词but“但是”。故填(b)ut。
4．句意：我一定有什么问题。根据“There must be...wrong with me,”可知，作者的脑袋重重地摔在地上且站不起来，结合首字母可知应是something“一些东西”。固定短语there is something wrong with sb.“某人出了……问题”。故填(s)omething。
5．句意：我感到非常糟糕，以至于不得不仍然躺在那里。根据“I had to still lie there.”和首字母可知，作者摔在地上且站不起来，这是很糟糕的。terrible“糟糕的”，形容词。故填(t)errible。
6．句意：然后我看到我的鞋上有血。根据“My hand and knee were bleeding.”可知，此处是看到鞋子上的血。应用名词形式blood“血”，作动词的宾语。故填(b)lood。
7．句意：我害怕地看着它。根据“There was a sharp rock sticking out of it.”和首字母可知，作者很害怕。固定短语in fear“害怕地，恐惧地”。故填(f)ear。
8．句意：司机停下他的卡车来帮助我。根据“came to help me.”和首字母可知，司机是停下了车。stop“停止”，动词；本文主体时态为一般过去时，stop的过去式为stopped。故填(s)topped。
9．句意：她知道我以前粗心，并不总是戴头盔。根据“did not always wear my helmet.”和首字母可知，作者不总戴口罩，应是粗心的。careless“粗心的”，形容词。故填(c)areless。
10．句意：妈妈，救我的不是头盔本身，而是安全意识。根据“safety awareness did.”和首字母可知，此处是指头盔本身。应用“the helmet”对应的反身代词itself“它自己”。故填(i)tself。
（2022·江苏扬州·中考真题）根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整，完整地写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。（每空一词）

The Grand Canal（大运河）is a man-made waterway that runs north and south in eastern China. Dating back 2,500 years and stretching 1,794 kilometers, it is among the world’s oldest and l___11___ canals. Yangzhou China Grand Canal Museum is located on the bank of the ancient Grand Canal in Yangzhou, one of the eight c___12___ in Jiangsu province sitting along the Grand Canal.
The museum o___13___ its doors to the public on June 16,2021. It covers an area of some 80,000 square meters. It has two structures: a four-story building in the s___14___ of a giant ship waiting to set sail, and a 100-meter-tall Tang-Dynasty-style tower.
The museum has 11 themed exhibitions（展览）. They are telling the h___15___ of the Sui-Tang Grand Canal built during the Sui and Tang Dynasties（581-907）, the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and the East Zhejiang Canal. These canals offer a wealth of historic and cultural attractions w___16___ they continue to be used for transport, irrigation（灌溉）and flood control. The 25.7-meter-long, 8-meter-high ancient Bian River section is c___17___ by many as the “treasure of the museum”.
So far, the museum has over 10,000 exhibits（展品）, including 20 groups of large ones, making it the best collection to show the grandness of the canal and h___18___ people changed nature.
Passing t___19___ the exhibition hall and into the antiquated（老式的）streets, visitors can see restaurants and shops along the street, as if walking in the water village on the canal during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Yangzhou China Grand Canal Museum is different from all the other m____20____ which are themed on the Grand Canal in China. Why not come and visit it yourself?
【答案】11．(l)ongest12．(c)ities13．(o)pened14．(s)hape15．(h)istory
16．(w)hile17．(c)onsidered18．(h)ow19．(t)hrough20．(m)useums
【解析】
本文讲述扬州中国运河博物馆的修建，结构和它的独特之处。
11．句意：2500年之前建造，延伸1794千米的大运河跻身世界最古老和最长的运河。根据“oldest and”可知，用形容词最高级形成并列。根据首字母提示，可知表达最长的，用最高级“longest”。故填(l)ongest。
12．句意：扬州中国运河博物馆位于扬州古代大运河的岸边，扬州是江苏省沿着大运河的八大城市之一。句子用“one of 复数名词”的结构，表达“最……之一”。根据“Yangzhou”，“in Jiangsu province”及首字母提示，可知表达城市，用复数名词“cities”。故填(c)ities。
13．句意：博物馆在2021年6月16日向大众开放。句子缺谓语动词，根据“June 16,2021”可知是一般过去时，动词用过去式。根据“its doors to the public”及首字母提示，可知，句子表达打开大门，用过去式“opened”。故填(o)pened。
14．句意：它有两部分结构，像一艘等着航行的大船的四层的建筑，和一座100米高的唐代的塔。根据“of a giant ship waiting to set sail”及首字母提示，可知，句子表达建筑的形状，用“in the shape of”。故填(s)hape。
15．句意：它们讲述了隋朝和唐朝建造的隋唐大运河，北京到杭州的大运河和东部浙江运河的历史。定冠词“the”后用名词。根据“These canals offer a wealth of historic and cultural attractions”可知，句子表达讲述了运河的历史北京，根据首字母提示可知用名词“history”。故填(h)istory。
16．句意：这些运河提供了丰富的历史和文化景点，同时它们继续被用于运输、灌溉和防洪。根据“These canals offer a wealth of historic and cultural attractions...they continue to be used for transport, irrigation and flood control.”可知，前后句的动作是同时发生的，运河提供了丰富的历史和文化景点的同时，运河也被用于运输、灌溉和防洪。用连词while表示“与……同时”。故填(w)hile。
17．句意：长25.7米，高8米的古汴河段被许多人认为是“博物馆的瑰宝”。句子缺谓语动词，根据“by”可知是被动结构，根据首字母提示可知句子用“be considered as”表达“被看作是……”。故填(c)onsidered。
18．句意：到目前为止，博物馆包含了一万种展品，包括二十组大型的展品，使得它成为最好的收藏品，展示了大运河的宏大和人们怎样改变大自然。根据“people changed nature”可知后面是宾语从句，根据首字母提示，可知句子表达“怎样人们改变大自然”，用疑问词“how”引导从句。故填(h)ow。
19．句意：穿过展览馆，进入老式的街道，游客可以看到街道两边的餐馆和商店，好像走在明清时期运河上的水村里。根据“Passing”及“the exhibition hall”可知，句子表达从展览馆内部穿过，用短语“pass through”。故填(t)hrough。
20．句意：扬州大运河博物馆以中国的大运河为主题，和所有其他的博物馆是不同的。根据“Yangzhou China Grand Canal Museum”及“which are themed on the Grand Canal”可知，此处是指其它博物馆，且需用复数形式“museums”。故填(m)useums。
（2021·江苏镇江·中考真题）根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空一词。
One of the founders of the Communist Party of China once wrote about youth. The youth like the early spring, like the morning sun, like the budding flowers, like the sharp blade fresh off the grinding stone. Youth is the most v____21____ time of life.
Youth is a relatively (相对地) short p____22____ in one’s life. During this time, habits and interests are formed for the r____23____ of your life. So it’s important to have a good start.
But what is the s____24____ of youth? It’s a time to begin the process of self-reliance and self-motivation. Sure, you might have parents and friends help you now, but f____25____, you must depend on yourself. W____26____ needing help or advice, your character and confidence can be built by yourself. No one can f____27____ you to get good grades or get the perfect job — those responsibilities (责任) are yours. O____28____ you can be the master of your life.
When you are in trouble, continue trying. T____29____ yourself to be strong. Tell yourself that difficulties are not always problems. You can do the work that others can’t. Anything w____30____ doing isn’t easy — it’s best to learn that lesson early. Never complain and always work hard to achieve your dreams.
【答案】21．(v)aluable22．(p)eriod23．(r)est24．(s)pirit25．(f)inally
26．(W)ithout27．(f)orce28．(O)nly29．(T)rain30．(w)orth
【解析】
青年时期是人们最宝贵的一段时间，作者建议我们靠自己，不要依赖别人，只有自己能主宰自己的命运，也告诉我们永远不要抱怨，要永远努力实现自己的梦想。
21．句意：青春是生命中最宝贵的时光。根据“Youth is the most v…time of life.”可知，青春是宝贵的，用形容词valuable作定语修饰time，故填(v)aluable。
22．句意：青年时期是人一生中相对较短的一段时间。根据“Youth is a relatively short p…in one’s life.”可知，青年时期是一段时间，用period作表语，故填(p)eriod。
23．句意：在这段时间里，习惯和兴趣会在你以后的生活中形成。根据“During this time, habits and interests are formed for the r…of your life.”可知，此处指其余的生活，the rest of one’s life“余生”，故填(r)est。
24．句意：但是什么是青春的精神呢？根据“It’s a time to begin the process of self-reliance and self-motivation.”可知，这是开始自力更生和自我激励的时候，这是青春的精神，用spirit在句中作主语，故填(s)pirit。
25．句意：当然，你现在可能有父母和朋友帮助你，但最后，你必须依靠自己。根据“Sure, you might have parents and friends help you now”可知，现在可以依靠父母，但是最后只能靠自己，用finally作状语，故填(f)inally。
26．句意：不需要别人的帮助和建议，你的性格和自信是可以由你自己建立的。根据“you must depend on yourself”可知，必须靠自己，所以不需要别人的帮助和建议，用without放句首，故填(W)ithout。
27．句意：没有人能强迫你取得好成绩或得到一份完美的工作——这些责任都是你的。根据“No one can f…you to get good grades or get the perfect job — those responsibilities(责任) are yours.”可知，没人能强迫你做什么事，用动词force，在情态动词后，用动词原形，故填(f)orce。
28．句意：只有你才能主宰自己的人生。根据前文介绍可知，要靠自己，别人不能强迫你，所以只有自己才能主宰自己，句首需大写首字母，故填(O)nly。
29．句意：训练自己变得强壮。根据“When you are in trouble, continue trying.”可知，当你遇到麻烦时，继续尝试，所以训练使自己强壮，此处是祈使句，句首需大写首字母，故填(T)rain。
30．句意：任何值得做的事情都不容易——最好尽早吸取教训。根据“Anything w…doing isn’t easy — it’s best to learn that lesson early.”可知，任何值得做的事情都不容易，用形容词worth作anything的后置定语，故填(w)orth。
（2021·江苏南通·中考真题）请认真阅读下面短文，并根据各题所给首字母的提示，写出一个合适的英语单词完整的、正确的形式，使短文通顺。

The Chinese life is colorful with many interesting folk ways. The Lantern Festival is on the 15th day of the first lunar month, it has a Chinese name Yuanxiao Festival. Yuanxiao comes from the f___31___ that people call the first lunar month the Yuan Month and night Xiao. The night of the 15th day of the first lunar month m___32___ the beginning of the first full moon. On the Lantern Festival, the Chinese people have the custom of e___33___ lanterns and eating glutinous rice dumplings. There is a common saying that “Playing on the Lantern Festival.”
The custom started during the Han Dynasty, and has a h___34___ of more than 2000 years. On that night, every place is decorated with lanterns and streamers(饰带) and there is a bustling atmosphere. As night f___35___, people go in crowds to the sea of colorful lanterns: palace lanterns, wall lamps, figure lanterns, flower lanterns, revolving horse lanterns, animal lanterns, and toy lanterns, of all types and c____36____. Some lanterns have riddles(谜语) on them, which encourage people to try to be the f___37___ to find the answer.
It is a___38___ a traditional custom to eat glutinous rice dumplings at this time. As early as the Song Dynasty, there was such a kind of food, a round ball m___39___ of glutinous rice flour with a filling of sugar and kernels(果仁). Since it is eaten on the Lantern Festival, people call it yuanxiao. The Chinese people hope that e____40____ is satisfactory (yuanman in Chinese), and to eat glutinous rice dumplings on the first night with a full moon in a year is to wish that family members will remain united, harmonious, happy and satisfied.
【答案】31．(f)acts32．(m)arks33．(e)njoying34．(h)istory35．(f)alls
36．(c)olours##(c)olors37．(f)irst38．(a)lso39．(m)ade40．(e)verything
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国传统节日——元宵节。
31．句意：元宵来源于人们称农历正月为元月和夜晓的事实。根据下文“people call the first lunar month the Yuan Month and night Xiao”可知，这里是讲述事实，应用fact表示，结合后句and并列的两部分，应用复数形式，故填(f)acts。
32．句意：正月十五的晚上意味着第一个满月的开始。根据下文“the beginning of the first full moon”可知，标志着第一个满月的开始。根据首字母m提示，可得单词mark，主语The night of the 15th day of the first lunar month为第三人称单数，动词用三单形式，故填(m)arks。
33．句意：在元宵节这天，中国人有赏灯笼、吃汤圆的习俗。根据上文“On the Lantern Festival”及常识可知，在元宵节这天，中国人赏灯笼。根据首字母e提示，可得单词enjoy，且位于介词of之后，故enjoy应用ing形式，故填(e)njoying。
34．句意：这一习俗始于汉代，至今已有两千多年的历史。根据上文“The custom started during the Han Dynasty”可知，这一习俗至今已有两千多年的历史。根据首字母h提示，可得单词history，且位于a之后，故history应用单数形式。故填(h)istory。
35．句意：夜幕降临，人们成群结队地来到五彩缤纷的灯海中。根据下文“people go in crowds to the sea of colorful lanterns”可知，夜幕降临，才能看灯。根据首字母f提示，可得单词fall，根据语境可知，此处应用一般现在时陈述事实，主语为night，故动词fall应用第三人称单数形式。故填(f)alls。
36．句意：宫灯、壁灯、人像灯、花灯、转马灯、动物灯、玩具灯，种类繁多，颜色各异。根据上文“people go in crowds to the sea of colorful lanterns”可知，元宵灯种类繁多，颜色各异。根据首字母c提示，可得单词colour/color，空格前为all，应用复数形式。故填(c)olours/(c)olors。
37．句意：有些灯笼上有谜语，这鼓励人们努力成为第一个找到答案的人。根据上文“Some lanterns have riddles(谜语) on them”及常识可知，出谜语第一个猜出来的人会有奖励，所以是鼓励人们努力成为第一个找到答案的人。根据首字母f提示，可得单词first，意为“第一个的”，符合句意，故填(f)irst。
38．句意：吃糯米糍也是传统习俗。根据上文“The custom started during the Han Dynasty, and has a history of more than 2000 years”可知，这里说的是另一个习俗，所以空格处应填意为“也”的单词。根据首字母a提示，可得单词also，副词，意为“也”，符合句意，故填(a)lso。
39．句意：早在宋代，就有这样一种食物，一种用糯米粉做成的圆球，里面装满了糖和果仁。根据下文“glutinous rice flour with a filling of sugar and kernels”可知，此处指的是它的制作原料。根据首字母m提示，可得单词make，根据语境可知，此处应用被动语态，故make应用过去分词。故填(m)ade。
40．句意：中国人民希望万事如意。根据下文“yuanman in Chinese”可知，圆满的意思就是万事如意。根据首字母e提示，可得单词everything，意为“一切”，符合句意，故填(e)verything。
（2021·江苏泰州·中考真题）
Sometimes, children can’t keep a single bit of information in their mind while they are doing something else. If so, they may have problems with their working memory. It is an important s____41____for children. Here are some t____42____to help improve children’s working memory.
Read actively. They may form long-term (长时间的) memories more e____43____when children take part in active reading. Active reading i____44____not only asking notes, but also speaking aloud and asking questions about the material that they are reading.
Use visualization (形象化) skills. When reading something, ask children to imagine the scene of the story and d____45____it. For example, ask them to set a table for a few people and have a p____46____in their mind, and then have a description.
Ask them to teach others. Teaching a____47____person means being able to understand the information well before saying it aloud. When children are learning a new skill, ask them to show others h____48____to do it. They should be able to explain it to others.
Moreover, there are lots of matching games that can be p____49____to improve their working memory, or you can use something simple l____50____a magazine or a newspaper. Have them find a certain word as many times as they can in one minute.
【答案】41．(s)kill42．(t)ips43．(e)asily44．(i)ncludes45．(d)escribe46．(p)icture
47．(a)nother48．(h)ow49．(p)layed50．(l)ike
【解析】
本文主要介绍了一些提高孩子们工作记忆的建议。
41．句意：这是一项对儿童来说很重要的技能。根据“Sometimes, children can’t keep a single bit of information in their mind while they are doing something else. If so, they may have problems with their working memory.”和首字母提示可知，空格处表达重要的“技巧”，skill技巧，“an”后接可数名词单数。故填(s)kill。
42．句意：以下是一些有助于提高儿童工作记忆的建议。根据下文“Read actively…Use visualization skills…”和首字母提示可知，空格处表达“建议”，tip建议，“some”后接可数名词复数。故填(t)ips。
43．句意：当孩子们参加主动阅读时，他们更容易形成长期记忆。根据“Read actively”和首字母提示可知，空格处表达“容易地”，修饰动词“form”，用副词，easily容易地。故填(e)asily。
44．句意：主动阅读不仅包括做笔记，还包括大声说出来，并就他们正在阅读的材料提出问题。根据“not only asking notes, but also speaking aloud and asking questions about the material that they are reading.”和首字母提示可知，空格处表达“包括”，include包括，主语“Active reading”是动名词，谓语用动词的三单形式，“include”的三单是“includes”。故填(i)ncludes。
45．句意：在阅读的时候，让孩子们想象故事的场景并加以描述。根据“Use visualization skills.”和首字母提示可知，空格处表达“描述”，describe描述，“imagine”是动词原形，所以空格处也用动词原形。故填(d)escribe。
46．句意：例如，让他们为几个人摆一张桌子，在他们的脑海中有一个画面，然后有一个描述。根据“and then have a description.”和首字母提示可知，空格处表达“画面”，用名词，picture画面，“a”后接可数名词单数。故填(p)icture。
47．句意：教别人意味着在大声说出之前能够很好地理解信息。根据“Ask them to teach others.”和首字母提示可知，空格处表达“另一个”，用“another”。故填(a)nother。
48．句意：当孩子们在学习一项新技能时，让他们示范给别人看。根据“They should be able to explain it to others.”和首字母提示可知，空格处表达“如何”做，用“how”。故填(h)ow。
49．句意：此外，有很多匹配的游戏可以玩，以提高他们的工作记忆……。根据“there are lots of matching games”和首字母提示可知，空格处表达“玩”游戏，play玩，根据“can be”可知，该句为被动语态，故填“play”的过去分词“played”。故填(p)layed。
50．句意：此外，有很多匹配的游戏可以玩，以提高他们的工作记忆，或者你可以用一些简单的东西，比如杂志或报纸。根据“something simple … a magazine or a newspaper.”和首字母提示可知，空格后是举例“something simple”，用“like”。故填(l)ike。
（2021·江苏南京·中考真题）

The problem some people have with homework is not that they find it too hard, or that it takes too long, but that they f_____51_____ what they have to do and for when. This may be because they don’t write down exactly what n_____52_____ to be done, or don’t make a note of when it has to be handed in.
If you have a planner for school, make good u_____53_____ of it to record what you need to do. If not, use a diary or notebook to make notes of what has to be handed in and w_____54_____.
You could set up an “ in-tray”   system, so you can see what is w_____55_____ to be done. This is a tray or shallow box where you put your homework each night until you are r_____56_____ to do it.
Although no one exactly looks forward to doing homework, you will get it done more efficiently(高效地)if you are well o_____57_____ and have time and space to concentrate(专注)on it.
For example, if your homework involves(需要)going online and you don’t have your o_____58_____computer, make sure you ‘book’ some time on the family computer, or can use one in your school library.
If you have space, set up a homework ‘office’ a_____59_____ at home with a table or desk and a comfortable chair. It should have good light, a place for your books, and your homework ‘tool kit’.
It helps to get into a habit of doing homework early in the evening, and not l______60______ it until the last minute at weekends. After you’ve done it, reward yourself with some fun, ‘down-time’ activities, such as some television or social networking time.
【答案】51．(f)orget52．(n)eeds53．(u)se54．(w)hen55．(w)aiting
56．(r)eady57．(o)rganized58．(o)wn59．(a)nywhere60．(l)eaving
【解析】
本文给我们讲述了如何才能不会忘记做作业，并且能按时完成它。
51．句意：有些人在做作业时遇到的问题不是他们觉得太难，或者作业时间太长，而是他们忘记了必须做什么以及什么时候做。根据转折连词but及“what they have to do and for when”及首字母提示可知，这里指忘记做什么，“忘记”为forget，是动词；该句是一般现在时，主语为第三人称复数，谓语动词用原形，故填(f)orget。
52．句意：这可能是因为他们没有写下具体需要做的事情，或者没有记下何时必须交。结合句意及首字母提示可知，这里指写下需要做的事情，sth. need to be done意为“某事需要被做”，该句是一般现在时，主语为疑问词what，谓语动词用单三形式needs，故填(n)eeds。
53．句意：如果你有一个学校记事簿，要充分利用它来记录你需要做什么。根据“ to record what you need to do”可知，要充分利用记事簿记录你要做的事情，make good use of意为“充分利用”，结合句意，故填(u)se。
54．句意：如果没有，用日记或笔记本记下必须交什么和什么时候交。根据上文“what they have to do and for when”以及首字母提示可知，这里指什么时候，when意为“何时”，故填(w)hen。
55．句意：你可以设置一个“收件箱”系统，这样你就可以看到什么是等待做的。wait to do意为“等待做某事”，空格前面有系动词is，用现在进行时，故填(w)aiting。
56．句意：每晚你把家庭作业放进这个托盘或浅盒，准备好要做作业的时候再拿出来。结合句意和首字母提示可知，这里指准备好要做作业，be ready to do sth.意为“准备做某事”，故填(r)eady。
57．句意：虽然没有人真正期待做作业，但如果你组织得好，有时间和空间集中精力做作业，你会做得更有效率。根据“have time and space to concentrate on it”及首字母提示可知，这里指你组织得好，are是be动词，此处使用形容词organized，意为“有组织的，条理的”。故填(o)rganized。
58．句意：例如，如果你的家庭作业涉及到上网，而你没有自己的电脑，那么一定要在家庭电脑上“预定”一些时间，或者可以在学校图书馆使用一台。根据“ make sure you ‘book’ some time on the family computer, or can use one in your school library”及首字母提示可知，这里指自己的电脑，own意为“自己的”，故填(o)wn。
59．句意：如果你有空间，就在家里任何地方设立一个家庭作业办公室，里面有桌子或书桌，还有一把舒适的椅子。根据“If you have space”及首字母提示可知，这里指可以在任何地方设立一个办公室，anywhere意为“任何地方”，是副词，在句中修饰动词，故填(a)nywhere。
60．句意：这有助于养成晚上早点做作业的习惯，而不是留到周末的最后一分钟才做。根据“until the last minute at weekends”及首字母提示可知，这里指留到周末的最后一分钟，leave意为“留下”，此处作“get into a habit of”的并列宾语，故填(l)eaving。
（2021·江苏盐城·中考真题）Ways to reduce food waste
Food waste is a big problem around the world. While some people t___61___ away unwanted food, lots of people in other parts of the world face food shortages.
In order to reduce food waste, many c___62___ in the world like German and France have food banks. People and grocery stores can give extra food to them and they can give the food to t___63___ in need. Shanghai Oasis opened China’s first food bank in 2015. In five years, it saved seven million tons of food and h___64___ 760,000 people.
Many fruits and v___65___ go to waste because they look ugly. For example, about 25 to 30 percent of carrots don't make it to the store because of their l___66___. So try to buy ugly food next time, since it is j___67___ as good as “normal” food.
Many Chinese restaurants are telling people to o___68___ dishes by using the “N-1”formula. “N” s___69___ for the number of people in your group. So if you’re in a group of s___70___ people, you should order five dishes.
To reduce food waste is a big task, and it needs time. Everyone can do something to make a difference.
【答案】61．(t)hrow62．(c)ountries63．(t)hose64．(h)elped65．(v)egetables
66．(l)ooks67．(j)ust68．(o)rder69．(s)tands70．(s)ix
【解析】
本文主要介绍了为了减少食物浪费的方法：许多国家都用食物银行来储存多余的食物；建议购买外观不好看的蔬菜和水果；中国饭店采用“N-1”公式点餐。
61．句意：当一些人扔掉不想要的食物时，世界上其他地方的很多人面临食物短缺。根据“unwanted food, lots of people in other parts of the world face food shortages.”可知，此处指“扔掉”，用固定短语throw away表示，此处是陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为you，动词用原形。故填(t)hrow。
62．句意：为了减少食物浪费，世界上像德国和法国一样的许多国家都有食物银行。根据“like German and France ”及首字母可知，此处指“国家”，用country表示，可数名词，many后跟可数名词复数，故填(c)ountries。
63．句意：人们和杂货店可以给他们额外的食物，他们可以把食物给那些需要的人。根据“...in need”可知，此处指那些需要的人，结合首字母可知，用代词those指代。故填(t)hose。
64．句意：在五年内，它节省了700万吨粮食，帮助了76万人。根据“it saved seven million tons of food and ... 760,000 people.”结合短文和首字母可知，食物银行是为了帮助那些食物短缺的人，help符合语境。由saved可知，此处用动词的过去式。故填(h)elped。
65．句意：许多水果和蔬菜被浪费，因为它们看起来很丑。根据下文“25 to 30 percent of carrots”和首字母v可知，此处指“vegetable蔬菜”，根据many fruits可知，此处用复数表示种类。故填(v)egetables。
66．句意：例如，大约25%到30%的胡萝卜因为长得不好看而无法进入商店。根据“because they look ugly”可知，此处指“因为外形丑而无法进入商店”，look“外观”符合语境，由their可知，此处用复数。故填(l)ooks。
67．句意：所以下次尽量买难看的食物，因为它和“正常”食物一样好。根据语境和首字母提示可知，此处指和“正常”食物一样好，just as good as...表示“和……同样好”。故填(j)ust。
68．句意：许多中餐馆告诉人们用“N-1”公式点菜。根据“restaurants are telling people to...dishes ”可知，此处指点餐，order符合语境，不定式符号to后跟动词原形，故填(o)rder。
69．句意：“N”代表你们的人数。stand for“代表”符合语境，主语“N”表示第三人称单数，动词用三单形式。故填(s)tands。
70．句意：所以如果你们六个人，你应该点五道菜。根据“N-1”和“you should order five dishes”可知，此处指六个人，six“六”。故填(s)ix。
（2019·江苏镇江·中考真题）根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词, 使短文意思完整, 每空一词。
As I entered an international high school, all my friends felt surprised at my short hair. This is because, my old school thinks teenage y__71__ aren’t the time for looking pretty. Then I coloured my hair blue. For the first time, I felt free and beautiful. This international school s_72_ to meet my needs.
I had a t___73___ education background. I went to public schools, received normal (常规的) education and was required to follow r_74_ like every other student. Later, I began to wonder w_75_ this education was truly suitable for me.
However, in the new school my high hopes were not met. For a while, I found myself in a surprising situation as I faced before. It was s__76__ the biggest challenge I faced in my education-the freedom to try new things. In the old system, I was strongly advised a__77__ trying new things. But in my new school, it worked the opposite way-we had many chances to try new things. But if I f__78__, I must be responsible (负责任的) because I put myself in such risk. Finally, it led me to get into trouble again.
As time went by, I started to find my o__79__ balance. In fact, none of the education systems in the world are perfect. I am l_80_ enough to have a chance to bring great value from both systems together. As a result, I've built a system for myself.
【答案】71．youth72．seems73．terrible74．rules75．whether
76．surprising77．against78．fail79．own80．lucky
【解析】
这篇短文作者讲述了他经历的两种完全不同的教育体系，他原来的学校限制学生们的自由，要求学生们遵守很多的规则，反对学生们尝试新事物；而新学校正好相反。随着时间的推移，作者也意识到没有哪种教育体系是完美的，将不同体系的价值结合在一起，形成自己的体系，作者感到自己很幸运。
71．句意：这是因为我原来的学校认为青少年时期不是好看的时候。
根据句意aren't the time for looking pretty可知，这里应指的是“青少年时期”，单词的首字母是y，由此可猜到应填youth，意为“青年，青少年时期”。
72．句意：这个国际学校好像满足了我的需要。
根据句意和首字母可知，这里应填seem，意为“似乎，好像”，后面常跟动词不定式，seem to do sth.“好像做某事”。短文第一段使用的是一般现在时态，主语The international school是单数，故动词应变为三单形式，填seems。
73．句意：我的教育背景很糟糕。
根据下文I went to public schools, received normal (常规的) education and was required to follow r　　4　　 like every other student. Later, I began to wonder w　　5　　 this education was truly suitable for me.可知，作者对自己在从前的学校里接受的教育表示怀疑，不知道那种教育是不是适合“我”。结合首字母可知，这里应填terrible，“糟糕的”。
74．句意：我上公立学校，接受常规的教育，像每一个其他的学生一样被要求遵守规则。
根据句意follow….“遵守…”和首字母r可知，这里应表示“遵守规则”，应用名词rule，且学生们遵守的规则是有很多的，故应填复数形式rules。
75．句意：后来，我开始想知道这种教育是否真正适合我。
根据句意I began to wonder…和文意可知，作者不知道这种教育是不是适合他，故这里填whether，意为“是否”，引导宾语从句。
76．句意：真的很令人吃惊，我在教育中面临的最大挑战是尝试新事物的自由。
根据上句话For a while, I found myself in a surprising situation as I faced before.可知，这里作者说的是在新学校里让他吃惊的事，故应填surprising，形容词，“令人吃惊的”，在句中作表语。
77．句意：在旧的体系里，我被建议说反对尝试新事物。
根据文意可知，作者接受的新旧两个教育体系是不一样的，下句话But in my new school, it worked the opposite way-we had many chances to try new things.“新学校鼓励学生们尝试新事物”，因此原来的学校是反对的，故这里填against，“反对，违抗”。
78．句意：但是如果我失败了，我必须要负责任，因为我把自己置于这样的风险之中。
根据句意I must be responsible可知，这里表示“假如失败的话”，应用fail，是一个动词。这一段使用的是一般现在时，主语为I，故动词填原形。
79．句意：随着时间的推移，我开始找到了我自己的平衡。
根据文意和首字母可知，这里应填own，意为“某人自己的”，常和形容词性物主代词搭配使用。
80．句意：我很幸运有机会将两个体系的巨大价值结合在一起。
根据文意和句意to have a chance to bring great value from both systems together.可知，作者经历了两种教育体系，将他们的家长结合在一起，作者是非常幸运的。故这里应填lucky，是一个形容词，意为“幸运的”。
【点睛】
这篇短文作者通过对比他经历的两种完全相反的教育体系，告诉我们每一种教育体系都有它自己的优点和缺点，没有哪种是完美的。短文主题明确，结构清晰，文章中作者通过对比、举例的方式，使学生们更容易理解文章的内容。题型是短文填空，要求根据文意以及单词的首字母，填写适当的单词，并注意使用其正确的形式。做题时，应先通读短文，了解文章大意；然后根据首字母提示填写单词，再根据句中使用的句型、单词的作用等，变化其正确的形式。例如第4小题，根据句意follow….“遵守…”和首字母r可知，这里应表示“遵守规则”，应用名词rule，且学生们遵守的规则是有很多的，故应填复数形式rules。再如第7小题，根据文意可知，作者接受的新旧两个教育体系是不一样的，下句话But in my new school, it worked the opposite way-we had many chances to try new things.“新学校鼓励学生们尝试新事物”，因此原来的学校是反对的，故这里填against，“反对，违抗”。
（2019·江苏南通·中考真题）请认真阅读下面短文,并根据各题所给首字母的提示,写出一个合适的英语单词完整、正确的形式,使短文通顺。
Nothing is impossible to a willing heart. A short video about seven people wearing prosthetic devices(人造装置) who t__81__ on a desert race challenge has become popular.
The seven disabled people j__82__in the 108-kilometer desert race from May 11 to 14 in Dunhuang, Northwest China’s Gansu Province. Six of the seven had one leg amputated(截肢)，and o__83__had two legs amputated.
Cheng Baojun, a man from Luohe, Central China’s Henan Province, the double amputee, said he never i___84___ he could take part in the desert race. “It is great, I can do it, and you can also. ” “It is easy to say, but walking it is h__85__. ” Cheng said. On the first day, they finished a complete section of 27 kilometers of the race, and on the second day, they finished 20 kilometers.
“My legs were painful while I was walking. We also met with a very big sandstorm on the way. But s ____86____ it was a challenge, we could not give up. We all encouraged each other to continue. ” he said. After getting t___87___, they rested on the third day and walked on the fourth.
Lao Tongyi walked the longest of the group, a distance of more than 70 kilometers. Team   leader SunNaicheng said that they had to p__88__ through depulation (人烟稀少) areas of the Gobi Desert. He also added that team members challenged themselves and realized their d __89__.
They are good e __90__for everyone to learn from. It’s up to you how far you go. If you don’t try, you will never know.
【答案】81．took82．joined83．others84．imagined85．hard
86．since87．tired88．pass89．dream90．examples
【解析】
这篇短文主要讲述了一段关于七个人戴着假肢参加沙漠竞赛的视频已经很流行了。告诉我们有志者事竟成。
81．句意：一个关于七个人戴着假肢参加沙漠竞赛的短片已经很流行了。短语take on a desert race challenge参加挑战沙漠竞赛。这里是一般过去时态，take的过去式是took。根据句意，故填took。
82．句意：7名残疾人参加了5月11日至14日在敦煌举行的108公里沙漠竞赛。jion in…参加……。这里是一般过去时态，joined，根据题意，故填joined。
83．句意：七名患者中有六名一条腿被截肢，其他人则两条被截肢。Six of the seven had one leg amputated(截肢)可知下文是其他的。根据句意，故填others。
84．句意：来自中国中部河南省洛河市的双重截肢者程宝军（音）说，他从来没有想过自己能参加沙漠赛跑。这里是一般过去时态，imagine的意思是“想象”，imagine的过去式imagined。根据题意，故填imagined。
85．句意：程说：“说起来容易，走起来难。”根据上文It is easy to say hard可知下文是是难的。根据句意，故填hard。
86．句意：我们在途中还遇到了一场很大的沙尘暴。但由于这是一个挑战，我们不能放弃。根据下文it was a challenge, we could not give up可知这里是表示原因，用since。根据句意，
故填since。
87．句意：他们累了，第三天休息，第四天走。Tired的意思是“累人的”，根据句意，故填tired。
88．句意：组长孙乃成说，他们必须通过戈壁沙漠的人烟稀少的区域。根据下文through depulation (人烟稀少) areas of the Gobi Desert.可知这里是通过的意思。have to do sth.表示不得不做某事；pass意思是“通过”，根据句意，故填pass。
89．句意：他还补充说，团队成员挑战自己，实现了自己的梦想。这里是说实现梦想。短语realize one’s dream表示实现某人的梦想。根据句意，故填dream。
90．句意：他们是每个人学习的好榜样。主语是They，这里表语用复数，examples的意思是“榜样”，根据句意，故填examples。
（2019·江苏泰州·中考真题）短文填空 根据短文内容及首字母提示，补全空格内单词，使短文完整、通顺。

Everyone knows that second-hand smoke is as dangerous as first-hand smoke. But have you   h_____91_____ of "third-hand" smoke?
Third-hand smoke means the pollution left on the surfaces (表面) of things around, l______92______ furniture or clothes. When someone smokes in a room, poisonous particles(粒子) in tobacco (烟草) smoke land on the surfaces of the furniture or his clothes, even after the cigarette (香烟) has been put out. This can cause a great danger to your family, e_____93_____younger children.
Babies have only just learned to walk. They are more likely to be harmed by third-hand smoke. This is b_____94_____ they are often close to surfaces of things. such as floors, walls and furniture where tobacco particles remain. When they   t_____95_____ these surfaces, they get their hands polluted.
So, it is necessary and important to say   n_____96_____ to third-hand smoke. To achieve this, strict   r_____97_____ for forbidding (禁止) smoking inside homes should be carried out. If one of your family members smokes, please make sure he smokes   o____98____ the house. Get him a special jacket and hat, so once he   f_____99_____ smoking, he will take them off before getting inside the house. Moreover, make sure that a smoker washes his hands and face, and changes his clothes before picking up the baby.
Many times, you cannot see the smoke doing harm to your child, but it doesn't mean he or she is s_______100_______". Give up smoking, or if that is not possible, make sure that your loved ones, far away from third-hand smoke.
【答案】91．heard92．like93．especially94．because95．touch
96．no97．rules98．outside99．finishes100．safe
【解析】
本文介绍了“三手”烟的危害。“三手”烟是指：附着在家具或衣服等周围物体表面上的烟草颗粒。这会对家庭，尤其是年幼的孩子造成很大的危险。因为婴儿刚学会走路，当他们接触这些表面时，他们的手会受到污染。因此对第三手烟说“不”是必要和重要的。应该制定严格的规定禁止在家里吸烟。
91．句意：但是你听说过“三手”烟吗？由语境和首字母提示可知，填：hear；hear of：听说。分析句子But have you h_____1_____ of "third-hand" smoke?的结构可知，本题为现在完成时的一般疑问句，其结构是：助动词has/have+动词的过去分词。故答案为heard。
92．句意：第“三手”烟是指家具或衣服等周围物体表面上的污染物。由语境和首字母提示可知，填：like；like在这里用来表示举例，所以答案为：like。
93．句意：这会对你的家庭，尤其是年幼的孩子造成很大的危险。由语境和首字母提示可知，填：especially；especially是个副词，表示陈述某一事实之后，列举一个具有代表性的例子，作进一步强调，其后可接名词、介词短语、从句等。本题就是这种用法，用especially来列举一个具有代表性的例子（younger children），来进一步强调“三手”烟的危害。故答案为especially。
94．句意：这是因为它们经常接近如地板、墙壁和家具上残留着烟草颗粒的物体的表面。由语境和首字母提示可知，填：because；根据Babies have only just learned to walk. They are more likely to be harmed by third-hand smoke.   婴儿刚学会走路。他们更有可能受到第三手烟的伤害。可知，因为婴儿刚学会走路，所以他们会扶着这些物体，因此接触的机会就多，因此会受到危害。这里解释了婴儿受到危害的原因，故答案为because。
95．句意：当他们接触这些表面时，他们的手会受到污染。由语境和首字母提示可知，填：touch；主句they get their hands polluted. 他们的手会受到污染。可知，本题的时态为一般现在时，因此再由when引导的时间状语从句中也用一般现在时，主语they是复数，因此谓语用动词原形。故答案为touch。
96．句意：所以，对第三手烟说“不”是必要和重要的。由语境和首字母提示可知，填：no；say no to：对……说“不”；这里是指拒绝三手烟。故答案为no。
97．句意：为此，应制定严格的规定禁止在家里吸烟。由语境和首字母提示可知，填：rule；根据forbidding (禁止) smoking inside homes禁止在家里吸烟，中的homes是复数，因此前面的名词应该用复数形式。故答案为rules。
98．句意：如果你的一个家庭成员有吸烟的，请确保他在屋外吸烟。由语境和首字母提示可知，填：outside；根据To achieve this, strict   r_____7_____ for forbidding (禁止) smoking inside homes should be carved out. 应制定严格的规定禁止在家里吸烟。可知，如果你的一个家庭成员有吸烟的，应该是让他在屋外吸烟。故答案为outside。
99．句意：给他买一件特别的夹克和帽子，等他抽完烟，他就在进屋前把它们脱掉。由语境和首字母提示可知，填：finish；根据上下文为一般现在时，所以答案为：finishes。
100．句意：很多时候，你看不到烟对你的孩子有害，但这并不意味着他或她是安全的。由语境和首字母提示可知，填：safe；根据but表示转折，说明：尽管看不到烟对孩子的危害，但这并不意味着他或她是安全的。因此才有了下文的Give up smoking, or if that is not possible, make sure that your loved ones, far away from third-hand smoke. 戒烟，或者如果不可能的话，确保你所爱的人远离三手烟。所以答案为：safe。
【点睛】
英语首字母填空技巧
1. 通读短文知大意，看整体全面了解来源：
　　与阅读理解题和其它类型的完形填空一样，首先要通读短文，了解文章的大意。每篇短文段落之间必然承上启下、前呼后应。因此通读全文时要一气呵成，只要能了解短文的大意即可，细节不理解可以跳过。因此，在解题之前通读一遍短文，目的是对文章有个全面的了解，弄清其中心思想和大意。
2. 复读短文抓信息，前后照应巧猜词
　　在了解文章大意的前提之下再次通读短文，目的是对短文有更进一步的了解。在阅读时要特别注意一篇文章的开头（一般不设空）和结尾，它们能提供主要的信息，帮助了解全文所描述的事件或文章的中心思想。在阅读过程中，要注意上、下文的关系，这对于把握文章的整体意义大有用处。另外，要学会跳读，即对不理解的地方采用暂时回避的方式，待真正理解全文之后再找解决的方法。有些短文填空题，有时出现约 3%~5% 的生词是很正常的，这就要求学生根据构词知识或上、下文的意思加以猜测，来确定它的词义。
3. 反复推敲多分析，慎重答题讲合理
　　再次通读短文，对留空的句子进行全面的分析，看它在全文中所处的位置、作用和意义。这一遍阅读要求是精心阅读，要留心找出关键词、短语或句子，还要结合所给首字母的提示，进行填写，并注意单词的正确形式。例如：第3小题，句意：这会对你的家庭，尤其是年幼的孩子造成很大的危险。由语境和首字母提示可知，填：especially；especially是个副词，表示陈述某一事实之后，列举一个具有代表性的例子，作进一步强调，其后可接名词、介词短语、从句等。本题就是这种用法，用especially来列举一个具有代表性的例子（younger children），来进一步强调“三手”烟的危害。故答案为especially。
4. 认真复查全文，把握整体和词形来源：
做完以后，再认真读一遍，检查所填写的单词是否与文章要求相符，文章是否通顺，前后是否呼应，有无句型结构及语法错误。
（2018·江苏镇江·中考真题）根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空一词．
With the development of modern technology， digital devices（数码设备） have been seen everywhere． People often check what is h___101___ in the world on the Internet， keep in touch with friends through emails， or even start to read e﹣books． H__102__， many people still prefer paper books to e﹣books because they think that brains work b___103___ when reading paper books．
Now， some scientists have come up with some d__104__ ideas． They believe how brains work is not greatly affected by the way people read， but depends on the following factors（因素）． They i__105__ the type and content of reading materials， the p__106__ of reading． etc． When people read for   entertainment， like news about star families or f__107__ stories， reading paper books or e﹣books makes no difference． When people read to gain k__108__ about science， reading paper books is more helpful． Brains need longer to deal with harder problems． Usually， taking notes by h__109__ on paper books takes longer than typing（打字） notes out on digital devices． So it's e___110___for you to remember key points when you read paper books． Next time， when you read e﹣books about science， just remember to slow down and give your brain more time．
【答案】101．happening
102．However
103．better
104．different
105．include
106．purpose
107．funny
108．knowledge
109．hand
110．easy
【解析】
这是一篇科普说明文。文章主要是介绍了我们读电子书和故事书对大脑影响的异同。
101．考查现在分词。句意“人们经常在网上查看世界上_______的事情”。根据首字母提示，可知，应该是“发生”；表示现在正在进行的动作，用现在进行时态，结构是is/am/are+动词的现在分词。填happen的现在分词happening。
102．考查连词。句意“________，许多人仍然喜欢纸质书胜过电子书”。根据上一句People often check what is happening in the world on the Internet，keep in touch with friends through emails，or even start to read e﹣books人们经常在网上查阅世界上发生的事情，通过电子邮件与朋友保持联系，甚至开始阅读电子书。及首字母提示，可知，表示转折，用However然而。
103．考查比较级。做得________"。根据首字母提示，可知，应该是“更好”。两者比较，且修饰动词work工作；用副词well的比较级better。
104．考查形容词。句意“一些科学家提出了一些________想法”。根据下一句They believe how brains work is not greatly affected by the way people read， but depends on the following factors（因素）． 他们相信大脑如何工作并不受人们阅读方式的影响，而是取决于以下因素。及首字母提示，可知，应该是“不同的”。修饰名词ideas想法。用形容词different。
105．考查动词。句意“它们_______阅读材料的种类和内容”。根据上一句but depends on the following factors而是取决于以下因素。及首字母提示，可知，应该是“包括”。主语they它们。一般现在时态，谓语动词用原形include。
106．考查名词。句意“它们包括阅读材料的种类和内容，阅读的______”。根据首字母提示，可知，应该是“目的”。the purpose of…“…的目的”。填purpose。
107．考查形容词。句意“当人们阅读娱乐节目时，比如说关于明星家庭的新闻或______故事”。根据首字母提示，可知，应该是“有趣的”。修饰名词stories故事。用形容词funny。
108．考查名词。句意“当人们阅读去获得科学______时，阅读纸质书籍更有帮助”。根据首字母提示，可知，应该是"知识"。填不可数名词knowledge。
109．考查名词。句意“通常，在纸质书上用______写笔记要比在数字设备上输入笔记更费时”。根据首字母提示，可知，应该是“手”。一只手写字，用单数名词hand。
110．考查形容词。句意“所以当你读纸质书时，你很______记住要点”。根据上一句Usually， taking notes by hand on paper books takes longer than typing（打字）notes out on digital devices通常，在纸质书上用手写笔记要比在数字设备上输入笔记更费时。及首字母提示，可知，应该是“容易的”。It is+形容词+for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说，做某事是…，填形容词easy。
（2018·江苏南通·中考真题）请认真阅读下面短文，并根据各题所给首字母的提示，写出一个合适的英语单词完整、正确的形式，使短文通顺。
Part-time jobs are great for young people．They allow teenagers and young adults to gain a little jobe____111____ and make a bit of money too．Compared with other hobbies and activities，part-time jobs are healthier and better help teenagers p_____112_____ for adult life．Of course，for students，doing a part-time job should never be more important than s____113____ for good grades．
There are so many different part-time jobs for you to c____114____ from．A few of the most common ones are restaurant waiters，store salesmen and park workers．These are all jobs that only need you to work b____115____ ten and twenty hours per week．Besides，they don’t require much work experience．So you can learn how to do the job e____116____ while you are working．
You can learn great lessons from a part-time job．Some are about how to work with others，some are about how to be on time and o____117____ are about how to work hard．These are all necessary lessons you will use later in life．A survey shows that the young adults who do not have part-time jobs are l_____118_____ prepared for life than those who do．
It is great to earn money for the first time from a part-time job．Then how do you usually s_____119_____ the money from a part-time job？It can be used to save for college education or favorite things．Maybe you will find it's harder to use money you made than that your parents gave you！Yet it can right teach you the v_____120_____ of money．
【答案】111．experience
112．prepare
113．studying
114．choose
115．between
116．easily
117．others
118．less
119．save
120．value
【解析】
本文主要讲述了兼职工作对年轻人是有很多好处的，现在社会上能提供的兼职工作有很多，兼职工作不仅健康还能让年轻人学到很多东西，最终还能挣到钱．
111．句意"它们允许青少年和年轻人获得一点工作___，赚一点钱"．根据首字母提示，可知，应该是"经验"．填不可数名词experience。
112．句意"更好地帮助青少年为成人生活__"．根据首字母提示，可知，应该是prepare for为…做准备．help sb do sth帮助某人做某事．填动词原形prepare．
113．句意"对学生来说，做兼职不应该比__成绩好更重要"．根据首字母提示，可知，应该是"学习"．由doing动名词．可知，填study的动名词studying．
114．句意"有很多不同的兼职工作供你从它们之中__"．根据首字母提示，可知，应该是"选择"．不定式to后用动词原形choose．
115．句意"这些都是只需要你每周工作十到二十小时__的工作"．根据首字母提示， 可知，between…and…"在…和…之间"．填between．
116．句意"所以你可以在工作的时候学会如何__做这项工作"．根据上一句they don't require much work experience它们不需要太多的工作经验．及首字母提示，可知，应该是"轻松地"．修饰动词do．用副词easily．
117．句意"一些是关于如何准时的，___是关于如何努力工作的"．根据首字母提示，可知，应该是"其它的"．做主语．用代词others．
118．句意"没有兼职工作的年轻人比那些从事兼职工作的人生活是__准备的"．根据than比．及首字母提示，可知，两者比较，应该是"更少"准备的（准备不足）．这里是prepared的比较级less prepared．填less．
119．句意"那么，你通常如何从兼职工作中__钱呢？"．根据下一句It can be used to save for college education or favorite things这些钱可以被用于储蓄大学教育的费用或买喜爱的东西．及首字母提示，可知，应该是"储蓄"．特殊疑问句，谓语动词用原形save．
120．句意"但它能正确地告诉你金钱的__．"．根据上一句Maybe you will find it's harder to use money you made than that your parents gave you也许你会发现用你挣的钱比你父母给你的钱更难．及首字母提示，可知，应该是"价值"．这里填不可数名词value．
（2018·江苏扬州·中考真题）根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。在答题卡标有题号的横线上，完整地写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。(每空一词)
After crossing the river, Dorothy and her friends came to a poppy flower field, with many other colourful flowers next to it.
“How b____121____!” Dorothy said.
“When I have brains, I will probably like them better,” the Scarecrow said.
“If I had a heart, I would love them.” added the Tin Woodman.
“I always liked flowers.” the Lion said."But there are n____122____ in the forest so bright as these.”
Soon they found t____123____ in the middle of poppies. It is known that when there are many of these flowers together, their strong smell will make anyone breathing it fall asleep, even sleep forever. But Dorothy didn’t k_____124_____ this. Soon Dorothy's eyes grew so h___125___ that she felt she had to sleep. Dorothy fell among the poppies, fast asleep.
“The smell is k____126____ us all. If we leave her here, she will die,” said the Lion. “I can h ___127___ keep my eyes open, and the dog Toto is asleep already.”
“Run fast and get out of here,” said the Scarecrow to the Lion, "We can carry the little girl, but you are too heavy.
The Lion ran as fast as possible but he fell asleep b____128____he was out of the field. Luckily, the Scarecrow and the Tin Woodman were not troubled by the smell. They made a chair with their hands and carried Dorothy t____129____the flowers to the grass far enough from the poppy field. The Tin Woodman built a truck and pulled the Lion with the Scarecrow. The sweet fresh air w____130____ Dorothy, Toto and the Lion. Soon they continued their journey.
【答案】121．beautiful
122．none
123．themselves
124．know
125．heavy
126．killing
127．hardly
128．before
129．through
130．woke
【解析】
短文大意：本文描述了多萝茜和她的朋友们在罂粟花田间的奇幻经历。
121．句意：“真漂亮！“多萝西说。how接形容词构成感叹句，根据句意语境和首字母提示，可知填beautiful。
122．句意：但是森林里没有比这更亮丽的了。but表转折，根据句意语境和首字母提示，可知本句是否定意义，故填none。
123．句意：很快，他们发现自己置身于罂粟花之中。根据句意语境和首字母提示，可知find（发现）的对象是“他们自己”，故填themselves。
124．句意：但多萝西不知道。根据下文Soon Dorothy's eyes grew so heavy that she felt she had to sleep.，可知她并不了解，结合首字母提示，故填know。
125．句意：很快，多萝西的眼睛变得如此沉重，她觉得她不得不睡觉。“so + 形容词/副词 + that”引导结果状语从句；grow扩大，表变化系动词需接形容词；根据句意语境和首字母提示，可知填heavy。
126．句意：这气味要把我们都给熏死了。本句用“is + doing”结构表将来的动作；根据下文If we leave her here, she will die和首字母提示，可知填killing。
127．句意：我几乎睁不开眼睛，而且小狗托托已经睡着了。can表能力，根据上文The smell is killing us all.，可知本句表否定，结合首字母提示，可知填hardly。
128．句意：狮子跑得尽可能快，但他在出田前睡着了。but表转折，根据句意语境和首字母提示，可知填before。
129．句意：他们用手做了一把椅子，把多萝西从花丛中抱到离罂粟园足够远的草地上。through透过，指空间穿透；根据句意语境和首字母提示，可知填through。
130．句意：甜美的新鲜空气唤醒了多萝西、托托和狮子。本句缺谓语动词，根据下文Soon they continued their journey.，可知他们苏醒了，结合短文时态和首字母提示，可知填woke。
【点睛】
根据首字母提示用单词的正确形式补全短文题，主要考查单词形式，包括名词的单复数和所有格、动词的三单形式、非谓语动词、基数词或序数词，主格代词/宾格代词和物主代词（形容词性物主代词/名词性物主代词）等。这类题目难度不大，重点是掌握句意，在理解的基础上把握句子时态，从而判断所给单词的正确形式。

（2022·江苏南京·二模）One cannot discuss Chinese music without mentioning the guqin, one of the four arts — along with go, calligraphy and painting. It first a____131____ over 3, 000 years ago and represents China’s solo musical instrument tradition.
       At first, the guqin had only five strings (弦), representing the five elements(元素) of metal, wood, water, f____132____ and earth. Later, in Zhou Dynasty, King Wen of Zhou added a sixth string for his son. King Wu of Zhou, added a seventh string to e____133____ his army to fight with the Shang.
        Ambience (环境氛围) was important in playing the guqin. Usually, it was practiced in a q____134____ place and never for public performance. Ancient artists e____135____ performing by a stream in the mountains. The sound of the guqin mixed with the echoes (回音) from the mountains, u____136____ the musician felt he was at one with nature. Playing it in the snow was also an enjoyable activity for ancient artists, who believed the instrument was the purest of its kind in the world. Also, a night with moonlight was c____137____ ideal for playing the guqin. Wang Wei (701-761), a highly talented man of the Tang Dynasty, liked playing it in a bamboo forest on nights w____138____ moonlight most.
        Guqin pieces are usually three to eight minutes long, with the longest being Guangling lerse, which is 22 minutes long. Other famous pieces i____139____ Plum Blossoms in Three Movements and Eighteen Songs of a Nomad Flute.
       Nowadays, there are f______140______ than one thousand well-trained guqin players and perhaps no more than fifty living masters. The original number of several thousand pieces has greatly reduced to only one hundred works by today.
【答案】131．(a)ppeared132．(f)ire133．(e)ncourage134．(q)uiet135．(e)njoyed
136．(u)ntil137．(c)onsidered138．(w)ith139．(i)nclude140．(f)ewer
【解析】
本文主要介绍了中国古琴的历史发展和文化。
131．句意：它首次出现在3000多年前， 代表了中国的独奏乐器传统。空格处作谓语，应用动词。结合句中“first首先”和首字母可知“appear出现，动词”符合语境， 结合时间状语“over 3, 000 years ago”可知此句时态为一般过去时， 故填(a)ppeared。
132．句意：起初， 古琴只有五根弦， 代表着金、木、水、火、土五行。结合“the five elements(元素) of metal, wood, water,...”和首字母提示可知“fire火”符合语境，故填(f)ire。
133句意：周武王增加了第七根弦， 以鼓励他的军队和商朝作战。根据“King Wu of Zhou, added a seventh string to …his army to fight with the Shang.”和首字母提示可知“encourage鼓励”符合语境，encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事，由空格前“to”可知填动词原形，此处是动词不定式表示目的。故填(e)ncourage。
134．句意：通常， 它是在一个僻静的地方练习的，从不用于公开表演。空格处修饰名词place用形容词。根据句中“never for public performance”和首字母提示可知quiet“安静的，僻静的，形容词”符合题意，僻静的地方。 故填(q)uiet。
135．句意：古代艺术家喜欢在山间小溪边表演。根据首字母提示和“Ancient artists…   performing by a stream in the mountains.”可知“enjoy喜欢”符合语境，enjoy doing喜欢做某事，此句陈述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时， 故填(e)njoyed。
136．句意：古琴声与山间的回声交织在一起，直到这位音乐家感到自己与大自然融为一体。根据首字母提示和“The sound of the guqin mixed with the echoes (回音) from the mountains, …the musician felt he was at one with nature可知until“直到”符合语境， 故填(u)ntil。
137．句意：此外， 有月光的夜晚被认为是演奏古琴的理想之地。根据首字母提示和“a night with moonlight was … ideal for playing the gugin.”可知consider“认为”符合语境， 此句是一般过去时的被动语态，consider的过去分词是considered，故填(c)onsidered。
138．句意：王维（701-761）， 唐代才华横溢的人， 最喜欢在有月光的夜晚在竹林里演奏。根据首字母提示和“nights…moonlight most. ”可知with“有”符合语境，有月光的夜晚， 故填(w)ith。
139．句意：其他著名作品包括《梅花三乐章》和《游牧长笛十八首歌》。根据首字母提示和“Other famous pieces…Plum Blossoms in Three Movements and Eighteen Songs of a Nomad Flute.”可知include“包含”符合语境， 由上文“Guqin pieces are usually…”是一般现在时，可知此句时态为一般现在时，主语pieces是复数，谓语动词用原形，故填(i)nclude。
140．句意：现今训练有素的古琴演奏家不到1000人，在世的琴师可能不超过50人。由than可知使用比较级，结合 “perhaps no more than fifty living masters”和首字母提示可知是fewer“更少的”符合语境，fewer than少于，意为“……古琴演奏家不到1000人”， 故填(f)ewer。
（2022·江苏·滨海县教师发展中心二模）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。
Poetry (诗歌) is probably the forgotten child of literature in the West. Few people read it for f____141____. In Western high schools, poetry is hardly taught because it is c____142____ to be out of date and have little to do with the life of today’s students.
In China, however, poetry is s____143____ an important part of the curriculum (课程). Recently, the Ministry of Education (教育部) has increased the n____144____ of ancient Chinese poems, from 14 to 72, for students to memorize. Here are some r____145____ to learn poems.
First of all, poetry is a necessary part of learning traditional Chinese c____146____. It is a path to understanding our history and society. It is also the key to understanding the t____147____ and feelings that common people have.
Poems can also express beauty. In a few short lines, even something common can become b____148____. Of course, to really enjoy poetry, it has to be read a____149____. After all, a poem is a song w____150____ music.
Chinese students are lucky to have poems to learn!
【答案】141．(f)un
142．(c)onsidered
143．(s)till
144．(n)umber
145．(r)easons
146．(c)ulture
147．(t)houghts
148．(b)eautiful
149．(a)loud
150．(w)ithout
【解析】
本文主要讲述了在西方，诗歌几乎不被重视，而在中国，诗歌却是课程的重要部分，并说明了学习诗歌的一些原因。
141．句意：几乎没有人读它为了消遣。根据前文“Poetry (诗歌) is probably the forgotten child of literature in the West. ”可知，很少有人为了消遣而读它，故空格处应用名词fun表达“消遣”。故填(f)un。
142．句意：在西方高校里，诗歌几乎不被教因为它被认为是过时了且和当今学生的生活没有多大关系。根据“be out of date and have little to do with the life of today’s students.”可知，此处表达“认为”，it代指诗歌，与“认为”是被动关系，此处应填过去分词，根据首字母可知，用consider表示“认为”。故填(c)onsidered。
143．句意：但是，在中国，诗歌仍然是课程的重要部分。根据后文“Recently, the Ministry of Education (教育部) has increased...from 14 to 72, for students to memorize.”以及首字母提示可知，此处既可以用still表达“仍然”。故填(s)till。
144．句意：最近，教育部增加了供学生记忆诗歌的古诗数量，从14首到72首。根据后文“from 14 to 72”及首字母提示，可知此处应用number表示“数量”。故填(n)umber。
145．句意：这有一些学习诗歌的原因。根据下文“First of all,poetry is a necessary part of learning traditional...”以及“Poems can also express beauty. ”可知此处表达“原因”，根据首字母可知，用reason表达“原因”，some后用名词复数形式。故填(r)easons。
146．句意：首先，诗歌是学习传统中国文化的必要部分。根据后文“ It is a path to understanding our history and society. ”及首字母提示可知，此处是指传统中国文化，用culture表示“文化”。故填(c)ulture。
147．句意：它也是了解普通人想法和感受的关键。根据“and feelings”及首字母提示可知，此处表达“想法”，用thought，且用复数与feelings并列。故填(t)houghts。
148．句意：短短几行，甚至平凡的事物能够变美。根据前文“Poems can also express beauty.”及首字母提示可知，此处表达“美丽的”，用形容词beautiful。故填(b)eautiful。
149．句意：当然，要真正的欣赏诗歌，就必须大声朗读。根据“it has to be read”可知，诗歌需要大声朗读出来，根据首字母提示，用副词aloud表示“大声地”。故填(a)loud。
150．句意：毕竟，一首诗是一首没有音乐的歌曲。根据“a poem is a song”可知，诗歌是没有音乐的歌曲，由首字母提示，用介词without表示“没有”。故填(w)ithout。
（2022·江苏·景山中学三模）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使其意思完整。
Xu Yuanchong is a famous Chinese modern translator. Born in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province in 1921, he s____151____ under Qian Zhongshu, Wu Mi and other Chinese masters at the National Southwest Associated University. He went to University of Paris for f____152____ study after graduation.
Over the course of a translation career lasting more than seventy years, Xu has translated about 120 works, i____153____ The Book of Songs, The Songs of Chu and The Red and the Black, with a special focus on poetry. Xu is also the only person in China who has s____154____ translated poetry to and from Chinese, English and French, in a very precise（准确）and beautiful way.
His works are often c____155____ as textbooks for foreign language learners.
Xu pays m____156____ attention to the beauty of image, sound and form. He will leave something out and a____157____ something to make the translated works more beautiful. D____158____ his translation career, he has been at the center of many heated debates（讨论）with other translators. But Xu said, “I am not a____159____ of argument because the truth becomes clearer with each debate.”
To everyone, he sends a wish: “Good, better, best. Never let it rest until your good is better and your better is b_____160_____.”
【答案】151．(s)tudied
152．(f)urther
153．(i)ncluding
154．(s)uccessfully
155．(c)hosen
156．(m)ore
157．(a)dd
158．(D)uring
159．(a)fraid
160．(b)est
【解析】
本文主要介绍了著名翻译家许渊冲的个人信息以及经历等。
151．句意：1921年生于江西南昌，师从钱钟书、吴宓等国学大师。根据“under Qian Zhongshu, Wu Mi and other Chinese masters at the National Southwest Associated University”以及首字母可知是跟着这些大师学习，study“学习”，描述过去的事情，用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填(s)tudied。
152．句意：毕业后他赴巴黎大学深造。根据“He went to University of Paris for...study”以及首字母可知去大学是为了进一步学习，further study“深造”。故填(f)urther。
153．句意：许翻译了约120部作品，包括《诗经》、《楚辞》、《红与黑》，尤其是诗歌。根据“translated about 120 works...The Book of Songs”以及首字母可知，他翻译的作品包括《诗经》等，此处用介词including“包括”。故填(i)ncluding。
154．句意：许也是中国唯一一个成功地将诗歌翻译成中文、英文和法文的人，翻译得非常准确和优美。根据“ translated poetry to and from Chinese, English and French”以及首字母可知他成功地把诗歌翻译成了其他语言，修饰动词“translated”用副词successfully“成功地”。故填(s)uccessfully。
155．句意：他的作品经常被选为外语学习者的教材。根据“as textbooks for foreign language learners”以及首字母可知是被选作教材，choose“选择”，此处用过去分词和be动词构成被动语态。故填(c)hosen。
156．句意：许更注重形象、声音和形式的美。根据“attention to the beauty of image, sound and form”以及首字母可知与其他相比，他更注重形象、声音和形式美，故此处用比较级more“更多的”。故填(m)ore。
157．句意：他会删除一些东西，并添加一些东西，使翻译的作品更好。根据“He will leave something out and”以及首字母可知是删掉一些东西，添加一些东西，add“添加”，and连接“leave”和“add”，形式保持一致，此处用动词原形。故填(a)dd。
158．句意：在他的翻译生涯中，他一直处于与其他翻译人员激烈争论的中心。根据“his translation career, he has been at the center of many heated debates”以及首字母可知是在他的翻译生涯中，during“在……期间”。故填(D)uring。
159．句意：我不怕争论，因为每次争论真相都会变得更清楚。根据“of argument because the truth becomes clearer with each debate”以及首字母可知他不害怕争论，be afraid of“害怕”。故填(a)fraid。
160．句意：直到好变成更好，更好变成最好。根据“Good, better, best. Never let it rest until your good is better and your better is”以及首字母可知是让更好变成最好，用最高级best“最好”。故填(b)est。
（2022·江苏南京·二模）首字母填空。

Ishmael started her job as a Chinese teacher in 2022. Her students f____161____ excited and happy when they greeted her with the Chinese phrase “ni hao” which is translated into “hello” in English.
As a large number of students e____162____ an interest in learning Chinese, the school carried out Chinese as a full-time language study program in 2018. Some of the content are Chinese greetings, teaching kids how to count numbers, how to introduce t____163____, their family members, the weather and time. Kids also take part in competitions like the Primary School Chinese Bridge. The w____164____ is able to represent the school and travel to China.
Now Ishmael teaches 14 classes made up of 350 students, and she s____165____ a lot of time preparing for each lesson. “Teaching a language is really interesting. Kids are always interested in learning more about China, e____166____ about the Chinese culture and food. They even ask a lot of questions during my lessons like what their f____167____ thing is called in Chinese,” she said, adding that most of the students want to visit China now.
According to Ishmael, students can get a lot from learning Chinese. In China, almost e____168____ is convenient (便利的), like transportation and payment methods, so they can learn and see how they can improve services in their own country. She also encouraged students to c____169____ a career in the Chinese language. “It is not only for communication. It will open up another c____170____ to them. There are more types of jobs that one can do after learning Chinese.” she said.
【答案】161．(f)elt
162．(e)xpressed
163．(t)hemselves
164．(w)inner
165．(s)pends
166．(e)specially
167．(f)avourite##(f)avorite
168．(e)verything
169．(c)onsider
170．(c)hance
【解析】
本文主要介绍了一位给外国小孩教授汉语的外国人Ishmael，并详细介绍了她的学习经历和教学经历和感受，以及想法。
161．句意：她的学生感到非常激动和高兴，他们用中文说着“你好”，翻译成英语是“hello”。根据“Her students...excited and happy”和首字母提示可知，此处是指感到很激动和高兴。feel“感觉”，动词；从句是一般过去时，且主句和从句的动作依次发生，故主句也是一般过去时，动词需用过去式。故填(f)elt。
162．句意：因为有很多学生表示对学习汉语感兴趣，所以该校于2018年开设全日制中文课程。根据“As a large number of students...an interest in learning Chinese,”和首字母提示可知，此处是指表示对学汉语感兴趣。express“表示”，动词；且根据时间状语“in 2018.”可知，本句时态为一般过去时，动词需用过去式。故填(e)xpressed。
163．句意：其中一些内容是用中文打招呼，教给小孩子数数，怎样介绍自己、家人、天气和时间。根据“how to introduce...their family members, the weather and time.”和首字母提示可知，此处是指介绍(他们)自己。themselves“他们自己”。故填(t)hemselves。
164．句意：优胜者有机会代表学校（领奖），并到中国旅游。根据“Kids also take part in competitions like the Primary School Chinese Bridge”和首字母提示可知，此处是指获胜者，其英文表达为winner，名词；又因空后有be动词“is”，所以主语是名词单数。故填(w)inner。
165．句意：她花费很多时间准备每一节课。根据“she...a lot of time preparing for each lesson.”和首字母提示可知，此处spend“花费”符合语境，且符合spend time (in) doing sth.结构，意为“花费时间做某事”。再根据“Now Ishmael teaches...”可知，本句是一般现在时。故填(s)pends。
166．句意：孩子们一直对想学习关于中国的更多东西，特别是中国文化和饮食。根据“learning more about China,...about the Chinese culture and food”和首字母提示可知，此处是指尤其是中国文化和饮食。 especially“尤其是”，副词。故填(e)specially。
167．句意：在我的课上，他们甚至询问很多问题，比如他们最喜欢的东西用中文怎么说。根据“They even ask a lot of questions during my lessons like what their...thing is called in Chinese,”和首字母提示可知，此处favourite/favorite符合语境，意为“最喜欢的”，形容词作定语。故填(f)avourite/(f)avorite。
168．句意：在中国，像交通和支付方式等一切几乎都很方便。根据“In China, almost...is convenient”和首字母提示可知，此处是指所有事都很方便。everything“所有事”，不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。故填(e)verything。
169．句意：她还鼓励学生考虑（从事）中文职业。根据“She also encouraged students to...a career in the Chinese language.”和首字母提示可知，此处是指考虑中文方面的职业。consider“考虑”，动词；固定短语encourage sb. to do sth.“鼓励某人做某事”。故填(c)onsider。
170．句意：这将给他们提供另一个机会。根据“There are more types of jobs that one can do after learning Chinese”和首字母提示可知，他们学习中文后将能够做更多工作，也为他们提供了另外一个机会。chance“机会”，名词。故填(c)hance。