(新高考)高考英语二轮复习课时精炼考向15 特殊句式(2份打包，解析版+原卷版)

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考向15 特殊句式
考向一 强调句
强调句知识结构：
强调句型
注意点
例 句
It is (was) +
被强调部分+that(who)…
为了强调句子的某一成分（通常是主语、宾语或状语），常用强调结构：It is(was) +被强调部分+that(who)…；
表示强调的it在这种结构的句子中作主句的主语，it本身没有词义。
一般讲，原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来各种时态，用It is…that (who)…；如果原句谓语动词是过去各种时态，则用It was… that(who)…。
原句：Last night I saw a film in the Youth Palace.
强调主语：It was I that (or: who) saw a film in the Youth Palace last night.
强调宾语：It was a film that I saw in the Youth Palace last night.
强调地点状语：It was in the Youth Palace that I saw a film last night.
强调时间状语：It was last night that I saw a film in the Youth Palace.
谓语动词的强调
It is/ was … that …结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，要用助动词do/does或did。
注意：
①do用于对肯定的祈使句的强调以及对实义动词一般现在时肯定句（除主语是第三人称单数）的强调；
②does用于对实义动词一般现在时肯定句主语是第三人称单数的强调；
③did用于对实义动词一般过去时肯定句的强调。
①Do be careful when you cross the street.
过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！
They do work hard at maths.
他们对数学的学习确实很努力。
②He does send an email to me every day.
他确实每天都给我发电子邮件。
③He did do his homework yesterday.
昨天他确实做了家庭作业。
It is (was) +被强调部分+that(who)…句型的变式
It is (was) +
被强调部分+that(who)…
句式基本特征：
Is/ Was it +被强调部分+ that…；
或情态动词+ it + be + 被强调部分 + that…
①Was it in 1969 ________ the American astronauts succeeded _______ landing on the moon ?
A. when; on B. that; on C. when; in D. that; in
②Could it be in the restaurant in _______ you had dinner with me yesterday _______ you lost your handbag?
A. that; which B. which; that
C. where; that D. that; where
特殊疑问句形式
句式基本特征：特殊疑问词+is/was it that…？或特殊疑问词 + 情态动词 + it + be + 被强调部分 + that…
—_______ is it _______ has made Peter _______ he is today?
—Determination.
A. What; that; that B. That; that; what
C. What; what; that D. What; that; what
反意疑问句形式
句式基本特征：It is/was+被强调部分+that…，isn’t / wasn’t it？
It was Alice and her boyfriend who sent the old man to the hospital, _______?
A. do they B. didn’t they C. wasn’t it D. was it
强调句与其它句型的结合
与名词从句的结合句式特征为：整个强调句型用作名词性从句或者在强调句型中含有名词性从句。
①I’ve already forgotten _________ you put the dictionary.
A. that it was there B. where was it that [来源:学.科.网Z.X.X.K][来源:学&科&网]
C. that where it was D. where it was that
【解析】D。本题是经过变形的强调句型用作宾语从句的体现，为了更好地理解，我们分三步对其进行讨论。
第一步：复原→It was on the desk that I put the dictionary.
第二步：对划线部分提问→Where was it that you put the dictionary?
第三步：变为陈述语序，将其用作forgotten的宾语从句则变为：I’ve already forgotten where it was that you put the dictionary.
②It was at the very beginning _______ Mr. Fox made the decision _______ we should send more firefighters there.
A. when; which B. where; what [来源:Zxxk.Com][来源:Zxxk.Com]
C. then; so D. that; that
【解析】D。 第一个that为强调句型中的that；第二个that引导同位语从句，说明the decision的内容。
与定语从句的结合句式特征为：在强调句型的被强调部分或其他部分中找出一个先行词，附上修饰该部分的定语从句。
①It was in the small house _______ was built with stones by his father _______ he spent his childhood.
A. which; that B. that; where
C. which; which D. that; which
【解析】A。本题含义为＂是在这间小房子里他度过了童年＂，the small house作先行词，其后的定语从句缺做主语的关系代词；第二空所缺的应是强调句型中的结构词that，故答案选A。
②Is _______ three hours _______ the boy _______ family is poor to come to school on foot?
A. it; that; whose B. it; that it takes; whose
C. it for; that it takes; whose D. it; when; that;
【解析】B。本题结构复杂，是定语从句、强调句型的一般问句形式和句式It takes sb. some time to do sth.的糅合。我们也分几步来看这个句子：
第一步：基本句式It takes the boy three hours to come to school on foot.
第二步：以the boy为先行词，后面附上定语从句，则变为：
It takes the boy whose family is poor three hours to come to school on foot.
第三步：用强调句型对上句中的划线部分进行强调，则变为：It is three hours that it takes the boy whose family is poor to come to school on foot.
第四步：将上句变为一般疑问句可知答案。
强调句型的省略形式
句式特征为：在一定的上下文中，强调句型的that(who)及其后面的部分可以省略。作题时要特别注意将其复原并加以比较。
①—Who is making so much noise in the garden?
—________ the children.
A. It is B. They are C. That is D. There are
【解析】答案为A。强调句型在具体的语境中的省略，其完整形式应是：It is the children who are making so much noise in the garden.。
②—He was nearly drowned once.
—When was that?
—_______ was in 1998 he was in middle school.
A. That; that B. it; when C. This; that D. It; that
【解析】B。强调句的一种省略，完整形式是：It was in 1998 when he was in middle school that he was nearly drowned.
强调句型的构成是：It is (was) + 被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子的其他成分。被强调的部分放在 It is (was) 之后，其它部分置于that之后。被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语。强调的主语如果是人，可以由who代替that。
1. 被强调的成分举例：
　　原句：Tom found my pen in the classroom yesterday.
　　强调主语：It was Tom who / that found my pen in the classroom yesterday.
　　强调宾语：It was my pen that Tom found in the classroom yesterday.
　　强调地点状语：It was in the classroom that Tom found my pen yesterday.
　　强调时间状语：It was yesterday that Tom found my pen in the classroom.
2. 强调句型的一般疑问式：
　　直接把is或was提到it之前即可。如：
　　Was it Tom that found your pen in the classroom yesterday?
3. 强调句型的特殊疑问式：
　　特殊疑问词+ is (was) it + that +句子的其他成分。特殊疑问词即是被强调的成分。如：
　　Who was it that found your pen in the classroom yesterday?
4. that (who) 有时可以省略：
　　这种强调句型中的that或who有时可以省略。如：
　　It was my brother (that / whom) you saw the other day.
5. 强调原因状语从句要注意：
　　若从句由as或since引导，强调时则改为because，这是因为，because引导的原因从句表示的意义非常强烈，符合强调句的目的。例如：
　　As she got up late, she missed the first bus. 变为：
　　It was because she got up late that she missed the bus.
　　6. 强调句的否定转移：
　　有些否定句在变成强调句时，要把否定转移到被强调的词语之前。尤其是not... until...；句式的强调要特别注意。例如：
　　He didn’t realize his mistake until the teacher had told him. 变为：
　　It wasn’t until the teacher had told him that he realized his mistake.
　　【注意】 在强调句式中，虽然not被提前，但not... until...句型不要倒装。
高考中强调句型考查热点：
强调句型的基本结构
　　强调句型It is / was + 被强调的成份 + that + 其他成份；用来强调主语、宾语和状语等成份。that只起连接作用，不作成分，但不能省略。有时强调的部分比较特殊，如主语从句、状语从句、名词、不定式短语、V-ing的复合结构等。如：
It was in the library that I saw her yesterday. 我昨天正是在图书馆见到她的。
【典例分析】
1.（2018·天津卷·单项填空）It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ___________we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
A. which B. that
C. when D. where
【答案】B
【解析】考查强调句。句意：只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来我们才看到在乘客位置的莉莉。这里考查强调句，强调句型结构为：It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。本题强调时间状语only when the car pulled up in front of our house。故选B。
2.（2016·天津卷·单项填空）You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel __________ the coach picks up tourists.
A. who B. which C. where D. that
【答案】D
【解析】句意：你在一个错误的地方等待。大客车是在旅店接送游客的。本题考查强调句，强调句型结构是：It is/was+强调部分+that+其余部分，如果强调部分是人，也可以用who，这句话强调的是地点状语at the hotel。故选D。
3. It was the culture, rather than the language, _________made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad
A. where B. why C. that D. what
【答案】C
【解析】这个句子中含有it was，首先要考虑所给题目是不是一个强调句。把It was和横线去掉，发现句意仍然完整清楚，所以说这里就是一个强调句。强调句的基本结构是it is / was + 被强调部分 + that + 句子的其他成分，所以用that，所以选C。句意：是文化，而不是语言，使得他很难适应国外的新的环境。
特殊句式中的强调句型
1. 如果强调的是特殊疑问句中的疑问词，表示到底、究竟等语气时，就用如下结构：
　　特殊疑问词 + is / was + it + that + 该句的其余部分。如：
　　How is it that you usually go to work? 你通常是怎样去上班的?
2. 在强调not... until结构中由until所引导的短语(或从句)作时间状语时，要用固定的强调句型：It + is / was + not until... + that + 该句的其余部分，that所引导的从句中的谓语动词用肯定式。如：
His father didn’t come back from work until 12o’clock. = It was not until 12 o’clock that his father came home from work.
直到12点他的爸爸才下班回家。
【典例分析】
1. Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century ____________ his musical gift was fully recognized.
A. while B. though C. that D. after
【答案】C
【解析】句意：马赫死于1750年，但直到19世纪他的音乐天赋才被承认。强调句与not until 连用。It be not until that … 故选C项。
2. Was it because Jack came late for school ____________ Mr. Smith got angry?
A. why                         B. who                  C. where               D. that
【答案】D
【解析】A为什么；B谁；C哪儿；D那个。通过翻译可知本句话意思完整，不缺少成分，由此判断该句是强调句型，被强调部分是because引导的状语从句，故答案选D。句意：是因为杰克上学迟到史密斯先生才生气的吗？
强调句型与时间状语从句、定语从句的判断
　　强调句型要注意和it代表时间、距离、温度、自然现象、具体事物或人物等时所构成的各种句型的区别。试比较：
　　It was on March 1 that I had my hair cut. (强调句)
　　It was March 1 when I had my hair cut. (后面是定语从句)
　　判断是否是强调句，可采用还原法。如果还原为一般句式后，句子各种成份完整，则是强调句。否则不是。如第一句可还原成：I had my hair cut on March 1.
考向二 倒装句
全部倒装
把谓语全部提到主语前面，叫全部倒装。主要有：
1.there be 句型：
可以用在这类句型中的动词除be外，还可用 live，happen，exist，remain，stand等等作这类句型的谓语。如：
There are many students in the classroom. 教室里有许多学生。
Long, long ago there lived a king who loved horses very much.
很久很久以前，有一位国王，他非常喜欢马。
There happened to be nobody in the bedroom when the fire broke out.
起火的时候，碰巧房间里面没有人。
【典例分析】
1. John opened the door. There _________ he had never seen before.
A. a girl did stand B. a girl stood
C. did a girl stand D. stood a girl
【答案】D
【解析】考查倒装。表示存在关系的句子，将表地点的副词或介词短语提至句首时，若主语为名词，应采用完全倒装语序。此题中将表地点的副词。there提到了句首，而且主语为名词a girl，所以要采用完全倒装语序，所以选D项。
2.Here/There/Now＋vi.（常为come, go）＋主语（必须是名词）
此句型中here/there用来唤起注意意思是＂喂，注意了＂。如：
Here comes Mary. → I can see Mary coming. 玛丽来了。
There goes the bell. 铃响了。→I can hear the bell ringing.
Here comes the bus. 汽车来了。
There he comes. 他来了。
这种句型不能用现在进行时。
here句中也可用系动词。如：
Here are some story books I want. →Here is what you asked for, or you are looking for. 这就是我要的故事书。（我找了好久）
Here we are. This is the station.咱们到了，这就是火车站。
＂Give me some paper.＂ ＂Here you are.＂＂给我点纸。＂ ＂给你。＂
3.then引起谓语为 come，follow的句子。如：
Then came a new difficulty. 然后产生了一个新的困难。
Then followed eight years of the Anti-Japanese War. 接着是八年抗战。
4.out，in，up, down，away之类的副词作状语放在句首，主语比较长，也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代词，谓语为不及物动词come， go，run，rush，etc。句式为：副词＋ vi.＋主语（必须是名词）。如：
Out rushed the tiger from among the bushes. 老虎从灌木丛里冲了出来。
In came the rose fragrance through the windows. 玫瑰花香透过窗户飘了进来。
5.介词短语作状语放在句首，谓语为不及物动词，主语比较长，也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代词。句式为：介词短语＋vi.＋主语（必须是名词）。如：
In the middle of our school stands a high building.在学校中央有一座高楼。
【典例分析】
At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River ________, one of the ten largest cities in China.
A. lies Chongqing B. Chongqing lies
C. does lie Chongqing D. does Chongqing lie
【答案】A
【解析】考查倒装。表示方位的地点状语提前，句子完全倒装，所以选A项。
6.表语放在句首，表语常为形容词、分词、副词、介词短语。要求主语比较长，也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代词。句式为：表语＋系动词＋主语（必须是名词）。
Gone are the days when the teachers were looked down upon.
老师地位低下的年代一去不复返了。
On the both sides of the street are beautiful flowers. 街道两旁有美丽的花。
South of city are two big lakes. 城市的两边有两个大湖。
7.直接引语中间或后面，表示某人说这意思的插入语（特别是谓语较短时）。
＂They must be in the fields now,＂ thought Xiao Lin.＂他们准是下地了。＂小林想道。
＂Help! Help!＂ cried the little girl.小姑娘叫道：＂救命！救命！＂
如果主语不比谓语长，或是它后面有宾语，主语就仍然多放在前面。
＂Take your seats，gentlemen,＂ Wilson shouted.威尔逊嚷道：＂先生们坐好。＂
部分倒装
只把助动词/系动词/情态动词提到主语前面，叫部分倒装。主要有：
1.＂only＋副词/ 介词短语/ 状语从句＂开头的句子。如：
Only then did I realize the importance of English.
直到那时我才意识到英语的重要性。
Only in this way can you make progress in your English.
只有通过这种方式你学英语才会取得进步。
注意：
１）在only＋状语从句＋主句结构中，主句用倒装结构但从句用正常语序。
２）only修饰主语，不倒装。
【典例分析】
Only after talking to two students ________ that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.
A. I did discover B. did I discover C. I discovered D. discovered
【答案】B
【解析】此处Only作副词放句首修饰时间状语after talking to two students，主句要进行部分倒装。部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。句意：在和两个学生交谈之后我才意识到，拥有强烈的动机是达到目标的最大因素。故选B。
特别提示：
副词only置于句首， 强调方式状语、 条件状语、 地点状语、 时间状语等状语时， 主句要进行部分倒装。 但若位于句首的不是only+状语，而是only+宾语等，通常则无需倒装。
►Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.在被邀请了三次之后，他才出席会议。
►Only in this way can you master English.只有用这种方式你才能掌握英语。
►Only when he returned did we find out the truth.只有当他返回时，我们才能发现真相。
2. 否定词（短语）开头的句子要用部分倒装。
表示否定的副词never，nor，neither，表示半否定意义的副词hardly，few，seldom，little，含有no和not的词组by no means（决不），in no time（很快），at no time（在任何时候都不），（在任何情况下都不）not until，not only...but also，no sooner...than＝hardly...when/scarcely...
即＂否定词＋助动词/情态动词＋主语＋其他＂。如：
Never have I been in this city. 我从没到过这座城市。
Little/Seldom do I watch TV. 我很少看电视。
Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.
直到我参加了工作我才意识到我浪费了多少时间。
注意：
1)关联词的搭配。
2)前一分句倒装，后一分句不倒装。
【典例分析】
1. （2019 • 天津卷 • 单项填空）The professor warned tie students that on no account _____________ use mobile phones in his class.
A. should they B. they should
C. dare they D. they dare
【答案】A
【解析】考查部分倒装。句意：这位教授警告学生们，在他的课堂上，决不应该使用手机。on no account决不，否定词放在句首，句子使用部分倒装，应该做should do，敢于做dare do，根据句意表示＂应该＂，故选A。
2.（2016·江苏卷）Not until recently ________ the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.
A. they had encouraged B. had they encouraged
C. did they encourage D. they encouraged
【答案】C
【解析】考查部分倒装。当not until所引导的时间状语放在句首的时候，主句要使用部分倒装句。排除A、D项；上下文中并没有体现出过去的过去时间，B项为过去完成时，排除B项。句意：直到最近他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游业有关的活动。故选C。
3. I’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means _________ with my progress.
A. the teacher is not satisfied B. is the teacher not satisfied
C. the teacher is satisfied D. is the teacher satisfied
【答案】D
【解析】by no means意为 ＂绝不＂，放在句首时，句子要用部分倒装语序。因此D项正确。B项多了not一词。
3. 以so开头，用 ＂so＋助动词/情态动词/系动词＋主语＂表示前面叙述的情况也适合于另一个人或物，意为＂也，同样，也如此＂。表示前面叙述的否定情况也适合于另一个人或物，用＂neither/nor＋助动词/情态动词/系动词＋主语＂。
Society has changed and so have the people in it. 社会变了，人也变了。
注意：
1)当so表示对前句内容的肯定、符合，或进一步强调前面所说的情况，或者赞同前面的说法时，应用自然语序。意为 ＂的确，正是＂。
—Tom works hard. 汤姆工作很卖力。
—So he does and so do you. 的确如此，你也是。
2）倒装部分的助动词、情态动词、连系动词的时态和形式要与前句相一致。
If you don’t go, neither/nor shall I.（If you don’t go, I shall not go.）你不去，我也不去。
注意：表示前面的多种情况也适合于另一人或物，或者既有肯定又有否定情况或涉及到不同类型的动词时可用：It is the same with sth./sb.或 So it is with sth./sb.句型。
She does well in English, but is poor in maths. So it is with Lucy.
她英语学得好，但数学学得差，露茜也是如此。
【典例分析】
—Why, this is nothing but common vegetable soup!
—________, madam. It’s our soup of the day.
A. Let me see B. So it is
C. Don’t mention it D. Neither do I
【答案】B
【解析】答语意为：是这样的，女士。这就是我们今天的汤。根据答语可知，第二个人同意第一个人说的话，因此用＂So＋主语＋助动词/情态动词/系动词＂结构，意为＂的确如此＂。
4.由as引导让步状语从句要用部分倒装或前置。句式为：表语/状语/动词原形＋as＋主语＋其他。如：
Clever as he is，he doesn’t study well.
虽然他很聪明，但他学习不好。
Child as he is， he knows a lot.
虽然他是个孩子，但他懂得不少事情。
Much as I like it，I won’t buy it.
虽然我非常喜欢它，但我不买。
Try as she might， she failed.
虽然她试过了，但还是失败了。
注意：表语前的名词无形容词修饰时冠词要省略
【典例分析】
________, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.
A. Strange as might it sound B. As it might sound strange
C. As strange it might sound D. Strange as it might sound
【答案】D
【解析】as引导让步状语从句时，从句要用倒装语序, 其结构为：adj. /adv. /n.+ as + 主语 + 句子其他部分，因此D项正确。
5. 在so...that从句中，如果so＋adj./adv.放在句首，其主句要倒装。
So loudly did he speak that everyone could hear him.
他讲话声音足够大，以至于每个人都能听得见。
【典例分析】
________ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.
A. So curious the couple was B. So curious were the couple
C. How curious the couple were D. The couple was such curious
【答案】B
【解析】句意：这对夫妇对于野生植物是那样的好奇；以致于他们决定去马达加斯加进一步研究。主语是couple, 所以谓语用复数形式；该句子用部分倒装， so修饰的形容词或副词提到句首。
6. 如果虚拟条件句的谓语含有were，should ，were可以把if省略而将这三个词放于条件句主语前构成倒装。
If it hadn’t been for their help, we couldn’t have finished the work on time.
＝Hadn’t it been for their help, we couldn’t have finished the work on time.
要不是由于他们的帮助，我们不可能按时完成那项工作。
If there should be a flood, what would we do?
＝Should there be a flood, what would we do?
要是发了洪水，我们该怎么办呢？
【典例分析】
________ the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.
A. Did he catch B. should be catch
C. has he caught D. Had he caught
【答案】D
【解析】句意：如果他赶上了早班火车，开会就不会迟到了。主句的谓语动词是would not have been，说明此句表述的事情与过去事实相反，从句可以用if he had caught the morning train；当if从句中有were, had或者should 时，可以省略if，把were, had或者should放在句首构成倒装结构。本句中含有had，就变成了Had he caught the morning train。故选D。
7. 频度副词及短语often, always, now and then, many a time, every other day等放在句首时有时也倒装。
Many a time has he come to comfort me.他来安慰了我好多次。
Often did he warn them not to do so.他经常告诫他们不要那样去做。
8. 某些表示祝愿句子也用倒装语序。
May you succeed. 祝你成功！
Long live the Communist Party of China!中国共产党万岁！

方法技巧点拨
1. 考前应认真研读高考题目，了解命题人的意图，对高考方向有所把握。
2. 倒装句在句式上考生不是很习惯，故考生得从多方面入手，熟悉各种倒装句式，以不变应万变。
3. 要注意倒装句中的主谓一致、时态一致及人称一致等问题。
4. 加强理解分析能力，切忌机械记忆，注意知识间的交叉，分清句子成分。
5. 在平时的学习中尽最大努力运用所学知识，达到熟能生巧的目的。
考向三 祈使句
一、祈使句的句式特征
祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。因此，祈使句中一般没有主语，但根据其句意，实际上是省略了主语you。祈使句句末用感叹号或句号，朗读时，常用降调。在表达请求或劝告时，在祈使句前或句末可加上please，以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。祈使句一般没有时态的变化，也不能与情态动词连用。
Keep off the grass! 勿踩踏草地！
Put the boxes in the small room. 把那些盒子放到那个小房间里。
二、祈使句的肯定句式
祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型：
1. 行为动词原形+其他成分。
Make sentences after the model. 根据例句造句。
2. Be动词+其他成分（形容词、名词或介词短语等）。
Be careful when crossing the street. 过马路时要小心。
3. Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其他成分。
Let him go back now. 让他现在回去吧。
【典例分析】
1. （2018·北京卷·单项填空）In any unsafe situation, simply _________ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.
A. press B. to press C. pressing D. pressed
【答案】A
【解析】考查祈使句。句意：在任何不安全的情况下，仅仅摁一下这个按钮，一个训练有素的特工就会使你得到你需要的帮助。and是连词，连接并列结构，and后面是一个句子，那么，前面也应是句子，选项中只有动词原形可以构成祈使句，其余的都是非谓语动词，无法构成句子。故A选项正确。
2. Always _________ in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.
A. to keep B. to have kept C. keep D. have kept
【参考答案】C 　
【答案解析】考查祈使句。这是一个完整的句子，而that引导的是宾语从句，因此只能是祈使句。故选C。句意：永远记住，你的主要任务就是让这个公司平稳运行。
【名师点睛】祈使句表请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等。祈使句分为第二人称祈使句及第—、三人称祈使句两大类。祈使句用于两个重要句型中：①＂祈使句+and+表结果的陈述句＂用来叙述肯定的条件；②＂祈使句+or(else)+表结果的陈述句＂用来叙述否定的条件，or(else)表示＂否则＂；句首以动词原形开头。从本题的成分来判断，可以看出是考查祈使句。
三、祈使句的否定句式
祈使句的否定句式，通常情况下在句首加上Don’t或Never，一般分为以下四种类型：
1. 在祈使句的肯定句式前加Don’t，构成＂Don’t+行为动词原形+其他成分＂。
Don’t say that again! 别再那样说了！
2. 在Be动词引起的肯定祈使句前加Don’t，构成＂Don’t be+其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)＂。
Don’t be careless. 不要粗心。
注意：在这种句型中be不能省略；否定副词not不可置于be之后。
3. Let引起的祈使句的否定形式有两种：(1)Let开头的祈使句，如果后面跟第一、第三人称名词或代词的宾格，可在Let前加Don’t，也可在Let后宾格的名词或代词后面加not。(2)如果以Let’s开头的祈使句，必须在Let’s后加not。
Don’t let me go with her tomorrow. =Let me not go with her tomorrow. 不要让我明天跟她一起去。
Let’s not tell her the truth whenever we meet her. 无论什么时候我们碰到她，都不要告诉她真相。
4. 在公共场合的提示语中，否定祈使句常用＂No+名词/V-ing形式＂结构，表示＂禁止做某事＂。
NO PHOTOS! 禁止拍照!
四、祈使句的反意问句
祈使句的反意疑问句须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其疑问部分。通常有以下三种形式：
1. 祈使句为肯定句式，其反意疑问句表示请求时，通常用will you；表示邀请、劝说时，用won’t you。
Be sure to write to us, will you? 你一定要给我们写信，好吗？
Come to have dinner with us this evening, won’t you? 今晚来和我们一起吃饭，好吗？
2. 祈使句为否定句式，其反意疑问句通常只用will you。
Don’t smoke in the meeting room, will you? 不要在会议室抽烟，好吗？
3. Let开头的祈使句构成反意疑问句时，除Let’s用shall we外，其他均用will you。
Let the boy go first, will you? 让个那男孩先走，好吗？
Let’s take a walk after supper, shall we? 晚饭后我们去散步，好吗？
【典例分析】
1. We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter, _________?
A.do you B. can we C. will you D. shall we
【参考答案】C
【答案解析】祈使句的反意疑问句通常用will you, 意思是＂好吗, 可以吗＂。
2. I’m sure you’d rather she went to school by bus, __________?
A. hadn’t you B. wouldn’t you C. aren’t I D. didn’t she
【参考答案】B
【答案解析】在反意疑问句中，如果主句的谓语动词是think, suppose, believe, imagine, be sure等，且主语为第一人称，简略问句仅有肯定或否定是与主句相对应，而主语和时态要与宾语从句一致。
五、祈使句的回答
祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用will或won’t。在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点：一是＂形式一致＂，即Yes与will保持一致；No与won’t保持一致。二是＂意思相反＂，即Yes是＂不＂的意思；No是＂是＂的意思。在回答时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。
—Don’t go out, please. It’s raining heavily outside. 请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。
—Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport. 不行，我得去机场接我弟弟。
六、祈使句与陈述句的并列使用
祈使句后接陈述句时，须用连接词连接。如果祈使句与陈述句表示的是一种顺承关系时，要用并列连词and来连接；如果祈使句与陈述句存在一种否定条件关系时，要用并列连词or来连接。
Leave it with me and I will see what I can do. 把它留给我吧，我想想有没有办法。
Hurry up, or we’ll be late. 快点，否则我们要迟到了。
七、祈使句与条件状语从句的连用
祈使句与条件状语从句连用时，条件状语从句可置于祈使句前或后。
Tell him to make a phone call to me if he comes here tomorrow. 如果他明天来这儿的话，叫他给我来个电话。
八、祈使句的强调形式
祈使句的强调形式通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助动词Do(Do在句中无意义)。
Do shut up! 快住口！
九、特殊形式的祈使句
在英语中，有些祈使句不是以动词原形来引起一个祈使句，而是以一个名词短语来充当，且后接一个带有并列连接词的分句。实际上，这个充当祈使句的名词短语相当于一个条件状语从句。
More water and the young trees couldn’t have died. =If you had given them more water, the young trees couldn’t have died. 如果你给那些小树多浇点水的话，它们就不会死了。
【典例分析】
__________ and I’ll get the work finished.
A. Have one more hour B. One more hour
C. Given one more hour D. If I have one more hour
【参考答案】B
【答案解析】本题考查＂祈使句+and+简单句＂的用法。其中祈使句可转换成名词短语，如One more word and I’ll beat you flat.因此B项正确。如果选C、D两项，要去掉and。
十、运用祈使句的误区
祈使句往往容易与不定式、分词或条件状语从句相混淆。在平时的练习或测试中，如果稍不留神，就会出错。因此，要认真审题，认真分析句子结构，并根据上下文语境，作出正确判断。
【典例分析】
__________ your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided.
　A. Having checked B. Check C. If you check D. To check
【参考答案】C
【答案解析】如果空白处选填B项，则视为祈使句，但后一分句前没有并列连接词and连接；如选A或D项（分词或不定式），句中逻辑主语some spelling mistakes又不能执行这个动作，故均不符合句子结构。因此，只有C项（条件状语从句）符合句子结构及句意。
考向四 感叹句
感叹句表示说话时的惊讶、喜悦、赞赏和愤怒等情绪。大多数感叹句是由what和how引导，其句型结构为＂What(或How)+感叹部分+主语+谓语!＂。也有少量其他形式的感叹句，现一并归纳如下：
　　(1)What 引导的感叹句
　　What用作定语，修饰名词，其引导的感叹句句型结构为：
　　①What+a(an)+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!如：What an orphan he is!他是个多么可怜的孤儿啊!
　　②What+a (an)+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!如：What a beautiful voice she has!她的声音多美啊!
　　③What+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语!如：What kind doctors they are!他们是多好的医生啊!
　　④What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!如：What good news it is!
　　(2)How引起的感叹句
　　How用作状语，修饰形容词、副词和动词，其引导的感叹句句型结构为：
　　①How+形容词+主语+谓语! How clever you are!
　　②How+副词+主语+谓语! How well she dances!
　　③How +形容词+a(an)+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!如： How good a student he is!
　　④How+主语+谓语!如： How the teachers worked!教师们工作多么努力啊!
　　⑤How+many(few)+可数名词的复数+主语+谓语!如： How many books you have read!
　　⑥How much(little)+不可数名词+主语+谓语!如： How little money the coat cost!
　　(3)＂What+a(an)+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!＂句型可转换为＂How+形容词+a(an)+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!＂句型。如：What a clever boy he is! How clever a boy he is!
　　(4)感叹句常将主语和谓语动词省略，以＂What+名词!＂或＂How+形容词!＂的形式构成。如：
　　What a fine student! What mountains! How wonderful! How brave!
　　(5)其他形式的感叹句
　　有时候，可不用what和how来表示感叹，而用陈述句、疑问句、祈使句，甚至一个词或词组来表示感叹。如：She is such a nice girl!她是一个多好的姑娘啊!(陈述句) Who do you think you are!你算老几!(疑问句) ＂Stop the train! Stop the train!＂(祈使句) Wonderful!(一个词) Happy New Year!(词组)
【检测训练】
1. Was it in Tianjin ________ you spent your childhood?
A. when B. which C. that D. why
2. Hearing the cat coming, away ________.
A. ran all the mice B. running all the time
C. all the mice ran D. did all the mice run
3. — Were you worried about him last night?
— Yes. It was________.
A. until he returned that I went to bed
B. until he returned that I slept well
C. not until he returned that I went to bed
D. not until did he return that I went to sleep
4. I wonder why you won’t do it as ________ and it’s the third time you have done so.
A. told you B. be told C. told to D. you told
5. It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic ________Zheng sailed to East Africa
A. when B. that C. after D. since
6. Only when he reached the tea house ________ it was the same place he'd been in last year.
A. he realized B. realized he C. did he realize D. he did realize
7. It was with great joy________ he found his lost daughter.
A. which B. because C. that D. since
8. Have you ever dreamed of ________ such a good chance for further education abroad?
A. there is B. there to be C. there will be D. there being
9. It is the mass media and government white papers _______ play an important part in the spread of foreign words.
A. that B. which C. what D. who
10. When entering the office, ________.
A. Winifred was found sitting at a desk B. we found Winifred seated at a desk
C. Winifred was found sat at a desk D. it was we who found Winifred seat at a desk
11. ________ to the gift was a note on which he expressed his gratitude for our reception during his stay here.
A. To attach B. Attaching C. Attached D. Having attached
12. I am glad to find that on top of the mountain __________ from the time of the Roman Empire.
A. lies ancient ruins B. lie ancient ruins C. does ancient ruins lie D. do ancient ruins lie
13. Though ________ up in a big city, the boy preferred to live in the countryside.
A. was brought B. brought C. bringing D. having brought
14. Under no circumstances________ I met so many problems.
A. I would expect B. expected I
C. had I expected D. I had expected
15. It is the developed countries ________ use the most energy in the world.
A. which B. where C. when D. that
16. He said before the whole class that only if we put our heart into our lessons _________ great progress.
A. we had made B. we could make
C. could we make D. have we made
17. On the ocean floor________. However, to bring them to the surface requires expensive equipment and trained people.
A. do some sunken ship lie B. some sunken ships do lie
C. lie some sunken ships D. some sunken ships lie
18. There is no denying that it was drug use________ badly damaged Houston's voice and ruined her life.
A. which B. that C. what D. /
19. I firmly believe that the project, if________ according to the plan, will definitely work out well.
A. carrying out B. being carried out
C. carried out D. to be carried out
20. It’s not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do_______ makes life happy.
A. what B. how C. that D. it
21. The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor________ it a thought.
A. does he give B. will he give C. he gives D. he will give
22. Despite the widely shared desire to give more compliments to a friend who has handles a tense situation at work, when ________ with the decision to actually send the compliments, people still often hesitate to engage in this behavior.
A. facing B. faced C. being faced D. having faced
23. Although ________ about fatness，she still has confidence in her performance of daily life.
A. teased B. teasing C. tease D. to tease
24. It was his laziness________led to his failure.
A. which B. that C. who D. whom
25. Though ________ natural resources, the area was well developed.
A. lacking for B. lacking C. lacked in D. lacked of
26. ________ the catastrophe happened that the local government realized the importance of substantial development.
A. It was until B. Not until
C. Until D. It was not until
27. It might have been John________ bought a present for Mary yesterday.
A. that B. when C. what D. which
28. It is not what we do once in a while ________ shapes our lives, ________ what we do consistently.
A. which; but B. that; but C. as; and D. that; that
29. ---I can’t stand people killing so many endangered animals for money.
---________ I think we should protect them instead.
A. So can I. B. Neither I can. C. So I can. D. Neither can I.
30. I have always been honest, and it doesn’t matter________ that I’m talking to.
A. who is it B. who it is C. it is who D. it is whom
31. Under no circumstances________ in such a meaningless discussion.
A. he participated B. he did participate
C. did he participate D. participated he
32. You’d netter wear a pair of sneakers while________.
A. you working out B. are working out C. being worked out D. working out
33. Though ________ experience, he managed to finish the project.
A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in
34. The organization broke no rules, but ________ had it acted responsibly.
A. neither B. so C. either D. both
35. — The boy said he could lift the heavy stone.
—________ is no doubt about that.
A. There B. It C. This D. What
36. It was announced that only when the fire was under control ________ permitted to return to their homes.
A. would villagers be B. villagers would be
C. should villagers be D. villagers should be
37. _________many times, he still repeated the same mistake when ________the experiment.
A. Having told; doing B. Telling; having done
C. Having been told; doing D. To tell; having been done
38. In some cases , it’s the off-set training and living conditions _____ are raising concerns，not on-set .
A. where B. which C. that D. what
39. Not only ________ his own work, but he helped others.
A. he finished B. he had finished C. had he finished D. did he finish
40. It is ______ his help that we could have finished the task.
A. except for B. instead of C. thanks to D. rather than
41. When _______ what is the most efficient way to protect oneself from COVID-19, the expert says no doubt it is wearing a mask.
A. asking B. asked C. to ask D. having asked
42. It is in this very town, ________ Mary was born 30 years ago, ________ she will build a new school, ________ excites everyone in the town.
A. that; that; which B. where; that; which
C. where; when; that D. that; where; that
43. He doesn’t have money now, _______, he would lend it to you.
A. if some B. if any C. if not D. if so
44. _________, she talked a lot about her favorite movie star to us.
A. Quiet a girl as she is B. A quiet as she is
C. A girl as she is quiet D. Quiet girl as she is
45. It was not until I got home _______ I found that I had left my keys in the office.
A. before B. when C. that D. then
46. If you go to Mount Tai, you will find it more magnificent than commonly _______.
A. supposing B. supposed C. to suppose D. suppose
47. The door opened and _______ an old lady _______ an expensive fur coat.
A. came in; in B. in came; in C. came in; on D. in came; on
48. Not until midnight when____________ all done____________ to bed exhausted.
A. was the work; did she go B. the work was; did she go
C. was the work; that she went D. the work was; that she went
49. It is not ____________ doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do _____ makes life worth it.
A. by; that B. only; which C. /; that D. until; which
50. —____________ that he didn’t dare to move an inch.
—So____________, and so ____________ you, were you in the dark.
A. So frightened was he; was he; would B. He was so frightened; he was; were
C. So frightened was he; he was; would D. So frightened he was; was he; were
51. It was from the few supplies ________ she had bought from in the village ________ the hostess cooked such a nice dinner.
A. that; where B. which; that C. that; that D. that; which
52. Though very tired, the manager kept on working in the office.
A. feeling B. feel C. have felt D. felt
53. Of all the traditional festivals, it is the harvest festival can be found in almost every culture.
A. that B. who C. which D. where
54. There ____neither gas nor electricity at home, we had to go to the nearest restaurant to have lunch.
A. had been B. was C. being D. has been