(新高考)高考英语二轮复习课时精炼考向60 语法填空之解答名词、数词、形容词和副词类填空的3策略(2份打包，解析版+原卷版)

这是一份(新高考)高考英语二轮复习课时精炼考向60 语法填空之解答名词、数词、形容词和副词类填空的3策略(2份打包，解析版+原卷版)，文件包含新高考高考英语二轮复习课时精炼考向60语法填空之解答名词数词形容词和副词类填空的3策略解析版doc、新高考高考英语二轮复习课时精炼考向60语法填空之解答名词数词形容词和副词类填空的3策略原卷版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共32页， 欢迎下载使用。
考向60 语法填空解答名词/数词/形容词和副词类填空的3策略宏观分析1. 根据句子结构和设空所作成分，确定所填词①名词(短语)和代词在句中常作主语、宾语，也作表语(如第2句中的a must)、定语。②空前有形容词、冠词、形容词性物主代词或介词时，空处考虑填名词。③注意一些介词加名词组成的短语，根据句意和搭配填名词。如： by accident (偶然), with patience (耐心地)等。④设空依然填名词，根据修饰词和谓语的数，结合名词的数的规则，确定填复数形式。2.形容词与副词的确定 ①形容词与副词的修饰对象不同，形容词修饰名词或代词；副词修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语或者整个句子。根据修饰对象的不同来确定所用的词性。②形容词常和系动词构成系表结构。③选用形容词还是副词由修饰关系决定，与位置的远近无关。策略一　词形转换---句法功能法与位置判断法【考情再现】1. (2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e. g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries, ________ (wealth)  travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art.答案与解析　wealthy　设空在句中作定语，修饰名词people，应用形容词，故填wealthy。2. (2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and office. ________ (certain) ， this plant is a must.答案与解析　Certainly　分析句子结构可知，设空在句中作状语修饰全句，应用副词，故填Certainly。3. (2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Chinese New Year is  ________ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.答案与解析　celebration　设空处所填词在句中作表语，且设空前是不定冠词a，应填名词。故填celebration。4. (2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花):  ________ (beauty) long  covered with pink­colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. 答案与解析　beautiful　设空在句中修饰名词branches，应用形容词作定语。故填beautiful。5. (2020·全国卷Ⅲ)As the small boat  ________ (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.答案与解析　gently　设空处在句中修饰动词moved，应用副词gently作状语，表“缓缓地”。故填gently。6. (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to  ________ (believe) that populations are increasing.答案与解析　belief　此处为动词短语lead to的宾语，且前面有a修饰，故要用名词单数形式。7. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Her years of hard work have ________ (final)  after a customer nominated (提名) her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.答案与解析　finally　设空处修饰谓语have been acknowledged，应用副词，故填finally。8. (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of  ________ (compete) to watch, together with the story behind it.答案与解析　competition　设空处在句中作know of的宾语，且设空所填词由空格前的不定冠词an和形容词interesting修饰，由此可知该空应填单数名词。故填competition。9. (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)They also shared with us many ________ (tradition)  about Hawaii that were ________ (huge)  with tourists.答案与解析　traditional; hugely　第一空在句中修饰名词stories作定语，应用形容词，tradition的形容词为traditional，故填traditional。第二空在句中作状语修饰形容词popular，应用副词，huge的副词为hugely，故填hugely。10. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises  ________ (strength)  (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.答案与解析　strengthen　句意：为了避免膝盖疼痛，你可以在柔软的地面上跑步、锻炼以增强腿部肌肉，避免山路并穿上优质的跑步鞋。设空前是不定式符号to，设空后是名词短语，故该空应填strength的动词形式strengthen，意为“加强”。11. (2020·天津高考7月卷)According to Professor Johnson, we don't have to read the book if we don't want to, as it  ________ (option). 答案与解析　optional　句意：根据约翰逊教授的说法，如果我们不想读这本书，就不必读，因为它是可选择的。空处在句中作表语，应用形容词，表“可选择的”，故填optional。12. (2020·浙江高考1月卷)This is ________ (particular)  in the US. The second reason is that people are living longer.答案与解析　particularly　设空在句中作状语，修饰形容词true，表“尤其地；特别地”，应用副词，故填particularly。【技巧微点】1. 句法功能法——分析句子成分，确定所填词在句中所作成分填形容词·作定语，修饰名词或复合不定代词。·作表语，表主语的性质或状态。·作主语补足语，补充说明主语或作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语。·作状语，说明主语的状态或心理感受。填副词·作状语，修饰动词(短语)、介词(短语)、形容词、副词或整个句子。填名词·作表语，表明主语是“什么”， 说明主语的身份、特征。·作主语、同位语或及物动词(短语)或介词(短语)的宾语。·作定语说明被修饰词的材料、功能、时间、地点、内容、类别时，如adult education。填谓语/非谓语·提示词是形容词或名词，设空作谓语或非谓语，添加后缀(­ize/­ise/­fy/­ify/­en) 或前缀(en­)变为提示词的动词形式。填提示词的反义词·根据句意和逻辑关系，确定提示词词性不变，确定句意表否定，添加否定前缀(如un­， il­， ab­， ir­， in­， dis­， mis­， non­)或否定后缀(­less)变为其反义词。2. 设空位置判断法——确定填名词或形容词·在“冠词＋形容词 ＋________”或“冠词＋________ of” 结构中，填名词。·在形容词性物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格、数词、形容词后，填名词。·在“冠词＋________＋名词”或“one of the ________ ＋名词” 结构中，填形容词。策略二　考查比较等级——利用标志词确定比较级【考情再现】13. (2020·全国卷Ⅲ)One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present  ________ (fine) work, so that he could choose the best.答案与解析　finest　句意：一天，皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像，于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来，展示他们最好的作品，以便他挑选最好的。结合句意，皇帝想要画家最好的作品，表示“最好的”此处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。14. (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are ________ (high)  they actually are.答案与解析　higher　根据设空后的比较级提示词than可知，设空处应填形容词的比较级，故填higher。15. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years ________ (long)  non­runners.答案与解析　longer　句意：根据一份医学杂志中的证据报告，跑步者比非跑步者的寿命长三年。设空后是比较级提示词than，故该空应填比较级longer。 16. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ)He screams  ________ (loud) . The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.答案与解析　loudest　根据语境“他尖叫的声音最大”，结合设空前的定冠词the和设空后的表示范围的介词短语of all可知，该空应用最高级，故填loudest。17. (2020·浙江高考1月卷)The first is declining birth rates, which means old generations are large compared to younger generations, and so, on average, the population becomes ________ (old) than before.答案与解析　older　句意：第一个是出生率下降，这意味着老年人口比年轻人人口多，因此，平均而言，人口比以前老龄化。根据句中比较级提示词than，可知此处用比较级，故填older。18. (2018·浙江高考)There could be an  ________  (high) cost on your health.答案与解析　higher　设空修饰名词cost，应用形容词，设空前的even表示程度，修饰比较级，故填higher。【技巧微点】　提示词是形容词或副词，根据语境和句意，该词词性不变，意思不变，则可能填该词的原级、比较级或最高级。1. 标志词确定等级法①设空后含有than ...结构时，用比较级；含有as时可能用形容词/副词原级。②设空前有用来修饰比较级的词语much, far, even, rather, any (否定或疑问句中), a little, a bit, a great deal及倍数(twice, three times)等用形容词/副词比较级。③设空后有表示范围的标志词in, of, among等，用形容词/副词最高级。④设空前有 one of the, the＋序数词， by far the等修饰词，用形容词/副词最高级。2. 利用固定句型①“the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...”表“越……，(就)越……”。②比较级＋and＋比较级，表“越来越……”。③“否定词＋比较级”结构，表最高级含义。④倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as。3. 利用隐含信息判断句中虽没有than等标志词，但暗含比较级，也用比较级。策略三　考查名词的单复数——利用标志词确定名词的单复数【考情再现】19. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)A mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from  ________ (cause). 答案与解析　causes　cause作“原因”讲时，是可数名词，根据设空前的all可知，设空处应用复数名词，故填causes。 20. (2017·全国卷Ⅱ)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to  ________ (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.答案与解析　crowds　设空前有形容词terrible，故该空不能填动名词。crowd作“人群”讲时，为可数名词，常用复数形式。the crowd“人群”；a crowd of “一群/一堆……”，crowds of “成群”；be crowded with “挤满……”。21. (2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She has turned down  ________ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.答案与解析　invitations　句意：为了专心学习，她已经拒绝了几场走秀。根据设空前的several可知，设空所填名词应用复数形式。句中应记牢的短语turn_down_“拒绝”；concentrate_on_“专心于”。22. (2020·浙江高考7月卷)Later, they learned to work with  ________ (season), planting at the right time and, in dry areas, making use of annual floods to irrigate (灌溉) their fields.答案与解析　seasons　句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。结合常识可知此处指一年四季，故season应用复数形式。故填seasons。23. (2020·浙江高考1月卷)For Japan,  ________ (number)  more striking—22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050.答案与解析　numbers　句意：对日本来说，这个数字更惊人——1950年是22，现在是46, 2050年是53。设空在句中作主语，根据谓语动词are可知，主语应用复数，故填numbers。24. (2019·北京高考)No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in  ________ (activity) on Earth Day.答案与解析　activities　设空在句中作in的宾语，且设空前是形容词various, 故填复数形式activities。25. (2018·浙江高考11月卷改编)One study showed that ________ (woman) who drank a lot of coffee, like eight or more cups per day, while  were pregnant were more likely to have ________ (child) with birth defects.答案与解析　women; children　根据该句中的代词they和第一空前无表示“一”的限定词可知，第一空后应用复数形式，故填women; 第二空在句中作宾语，且与句中已有的主语they一致，应用复数形式，故填children。 【技巧微点】提示词是名词，分析句子成分后发现词性不需改变，则考虑用所给名词的复数形式，同时注意不规则变化的情况。1. 利用名词前的修饰语，确定名词的单复数形式①不定冠词a, an后用单数名词。②名词前有one of the, among时用复数名词。③名词前有these, those, many, several, few, a few, a number of, hundreds of, a couple of, a dozen of, all, both, other等词时，填复数名词。④名词前有≥2的基数词，如two, three等时，填复数名词。⑤名词前有形容词different, various等时，填复数名词。2. 利用谓语的数确定名词的数①所填名词作主语，且谓语动词是复数形式are, were, have等，填复数名词。②所填名词作主语，且谓语动词是单数，则填单数名词。3. 牢记习惯上用复数形式的名词或短语belongings/possessions “财物”； congratulations “祝贺”； surroundings “环境”； good manners “礼貌”； take turns “轮流”； take pains “努力”； in all directions “向四面八方”； in ruins “成为废墟”； in high spirits “兴致勃勃”； living conditions “生活条件”； make preparations for “为……做准备”等。【检测训练】1阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Yano Koji (矢野浩二), 1.  actor from Japan, is no stranger to Chinese people. The actor has appearance on many Chinese TV shows. This January, when he learned that the novel coronavirus (新型冠状病毒) 2. (hit) China hard, he decided to do something to help Chinese people. He was working in Japan then and he got 130,000 masks (口罩) with the help of his friends. Then he donated (捐赠) all these masks to Wuhan, the worst-hit city in China.Later, Yano got many thankful messages from Chinese people. “I just did 3. I should do. I began working in China in 2000. During those years I worked there, I got help and 4. (encourage) from many Chinese people. Because of them, I am where I am today. I’m 5. (thank) to China and the Chinese people,” he said. “I feel sad seeing China in such trouble. It makes me happy to do anything I can 6. (make) my Chinese friends happy.”Yano was also glad to see that many other Japanese people had touched the Chinese with their 7. (time) help and kind words. “We two countries are neighbors and should help each other. When we had difficulties, we got help from the Chinese as well,” he said.8. (talk) about Wuhan, Yano said, “I traveled there to work and stayed for about a week. I tried the food there 9.  was really delicious. When the bad times are over, I will 10. (certain) go there again.”2阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Geography is the study of the relationship between people and the land. Geographers compare and contrast 11.  (variety) places on the earth. But they also go beyond the individual places and consider the earth as a  whole. The word geography comes from two Greek words: ge，the Greek word for "earth" and graphein, 12.  means "to write". The English word geography means "to describe the earth". Some geography books focus on a small area like a town or city. 13.  deal with a state, a region, a nation, or 14.  entire continent. Many geography books deal with the whole earth. Another way 15.  (divide) the study of geography is to distinguish between physical geography and cultural geography. The former focuses on the natural world; the latter starts with human beings and studies how human beings and their environment act 16.  each other. But when geography is considered as a single subject, 17.  branch can neglect the other.A geographer might be described as one who observes, records, and explains the18.  (differ) between places. If all places look alike, there would be little need for geographers.We know, however,  19.  no two places are exactly the same. Geography,  then , is a point of view, a special way of 20.  (look) at places.3阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。A trial of an autonomous minibus 21.  (start) at Southeast University in Jiangsu Province recently. The trial began on Friday at the university’s campus in the Jiangbei New Area in Nanjing, 22.  (mark) the first time when an autonomous vehicle has been used at a Chinese university.The four- meter- long electric minibus has six seats and can carry up to 12 people. The system uses data from eight radars that 23.  (locate) around the vehicle to automatically avoid obstacles as it runs along a 4.5 kilometers route between research buildings, canteens 24.  the dormitories. The bus can travel for 14 hours on a full charge, at a top speed of 20 kilometers per hour. Staff are on duty to ensure the safe 25.  (operate) of the vehicle and to respond in case of an emergency.The project is part of China’s wider efforts 26.  (develop) environmentally-friendly transportation systems. A number of Chinese companies, Alibaba and Baidu 27.  (include), are working on the research and development of autonomous driving technology. And they must make adjustments for 28.  (extreme) bad weather and changes in road conditions. There is no doubt 29.  autonomous driving technology will make our life 30.  convenient than before.4阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。I’m writing to invite you to the community lecture 31.  (concern) garbage classification. Given that most neighbors fail to classify garbage properly 32.  they really try to, our community 33.  (organize) this lecture in an attempt to guide this deed. Garbage classification is 34.  great significance. First, not only can it cope with pollution issue 35.  (effective) but more space originally 36.  (occupy) by wasteland will be spared. Second, we can undeniably make 37.  difference by taking advantage of recyclable garbage. To fulfill your 38.  (responsible) to live an eco-life, come and join in the lecture that is expected 39.  (give) at 3 p.m. next Sunday on the playground. Only with combined efforts can we make 40.  (we) neighborhood better.5阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Chinese movie theaters are never running short on youth films. So Young, Fleet of Time and Yesterday Once More 41.  (be) just a few that have hit the big screen in recent years.Here comes another one — Youth (芳华) by director Feng Xiaogang, which 42.  (show) on Dec 15, 2017. But there is a big 43.  (different). It’s devotedd to the youth of our parents’ generation.Set in the 1970s, the story begins in a military arts troupe (部队文工团), in which the soldiers’ duties are 44.  (sing), dance and promote culture. He Xiaoping is a newcomer and a 45.  (talent) dancer. With a painful childhood, she wants to make a fresh start in the troupe, 46.  her family’s background makes her the laughing stock (笑柄) among the other girls. 47.  only person that’s nice to her is Liu Feng, a kind and 48.  (self) man.According to iFeng News, Youth is 49.  (actual) an old and personal work that Feng devotes to his own experiences of working in a troupe.“50.  I look back in time, everything else in my life seems to be black and white,” he said. “The days in the troupe are the only part of my memory that always remains colorful.”6阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Countries receiving Chinese vaccinesChina is providing vaccine aid to 53 developing countries 51. (include) Pakistan, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Wang Wenbin said Monday. China has exported or is in 52. process of exporting vaccines to 22 countries, the spokesperson told a routine press briefing. China has taken concrete steps 53. (honor)its pledge to make vaccines global public goods, once available, with greater affordability and 54.  (accessible) in developing countries, Wang said. China 55. (join) COVAX up to now and decided to offer 10 million vaccines to the56. (internation) sharing scheme, 57. (main) to help meet the needs of developing countries, he 58. (add). "China will continue its vaccine cooperation with relevant 59. (country), offer support within its capability and make concrete contributions to securing a victory60. the pandemic as soon as possible and to building a global community of health for all," Wang said.7阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。What springs to mind when you think of kung fu, also known as wushu? You may think of the image of Shaolin monks 61. (strike) fierce poses with a determined look in their eyes, or popular children’s movies like Kung Fu Panda. But do they really portray the meaning of kung fu?Recently, Laurence J. Brahm, a documentary filmmaker from the United States, explored this question in Searching for Kung Fu. In the movie, Brahm travelled to cities in China and the US in search of 62.  origin and value of kung fu.As a kung fu lover who 63.  (devote) to the practice for more than 40 years, pursuing this craft was more than a pastime for Brahm.Around a decade ago, because of his64.  (able) to use one of his legs for about two years, he began to practice martial arts, 65.  resulted in his gradual recovery. Now, kung fu has become a daily routine for him and also the way he 66.  (greet) the day.67. (doubt), Brahm can’t appreciate kung fu too much, seeing it as a mirror of Chinese culture.68.  the physical benefits kung fu brings to the body, some others find 69.  (add) meanings in the practice. They believe Chinese kung fu is full of Chinese philosophies and core values. Kung fu artists always salute with baoquan, which lets each person know that there are no70. (hide) weapons and shows trust.8阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Can knots(结)be a form of art? It is in China. They have a long history and a71. (culture) meaning even today.A Chinese knot is 72.  is woven (编)from a single length of rope to be a variety of shapes. Each shape has 73. (it) own meaning, and Chinese knots are usually woven in the red color, which indicates good fortune.Originally, people may have made them 74.  (record) information and convey messages before they started to write. It is known that they75.  (intend) for artistic decoration and to express thoughts and feelings in the Tang Dynasty. The Tang Empire was a large one that covered most of the 76. (region) of modem China, and succeeding generations carried on77.  traditional art form as part of their culture.Now, some people use knots when they dress 78.  traditional Chinese clothing. They are a means of 79.  (fasten) traditional clothes instead of buttons. And silk is most 80. (wide) used to make these clothing knots.9阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The trade routes are of great importance. In march, the Suez Canal, one of the world's most important sea trade routes, 81.  (block) by a ship, causing an epic maritime traffic jam of nearly 300 ships between Europe and Asia. Besides the Suez Canal, China's ancient Silk Road also played 82.  important role in trade and cultural exchanges between China and Europe.In early history, The Silk Road was the most important trade route, 83.  (mark) the beginning of globalization. As the first route 84.  introduced the Eastern world to the Western civilization, the Silk Road in China can date 85.  the Han dynasty in ancient China. In the following years in history, many great figures had made significant 86.  (contribute) to the development of the Silk Road.Though the Silk Road was mainly a trading route, it was 87.  (benefit) to each other in the first place. It 88.  (actual) made great attraction to the development of the civilization of the world, opening long-distance political and economic communication between Europe and Asia. The ancient Silk Road is more like a historical textbook, enabling people from different cultures and regions 89.  (comprehend) what happened during the ancient time. Up to now, the Silk Road in China 90.  (bring) great attraction to the tourism in China even in the world.10阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, 91.  （prove）irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. Beautifully restored（修复）to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln's home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it 92.  $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their 93.  （marry）ceremony in 1842. When the house was built, it was much 94.  （small）than it is today. Mary's niece wrote, "The little home 95.  （paint）white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of 96.  （she）, everything in good taste and in perfect order. Although Mary loved flowers, 97.  she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A long- time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over 98.  （plant）flowers in the front yard. 99．  Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. Three of the four Lincoln sons were born here. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and 100.  （sell）most of their furniture.