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(新高考)高考英语二轮复习专练20 说明文体类七选五(2份打包，解析版+原卷版)
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【命题意图】 阅读理解七选五要求从短文后的七个选项中（均为完整的句子）选出五个能填入文章空处的最佳选项，主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。其命题形式深受英语四六级和考研阅读多项选择题的影响，体现了《新课标》＂用英语获取、处理和运用信息的能力；逐步获取用英语思维的能力。＂的阅读学习和教学理念。该题型命题形式仍然具有客观题的特点，又与完形填空具有异曲同工之妙，只是选项少，以句子形式出现，考查目的和侧重点不完全相同而已。
从《考试说明》对该题型命题目的的表述＂主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。＂可以得出以下判断：该题备选项可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类。其多余的两个干扰项也往往从这三方面进行设置，例如主旨概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。
文章体裁以说明文为主，语篇模式较为固定：提出问题——提供解决方案。文章题材较为固定：与学生的日常生活学习紧密相关。
【考试方向】
分析篇章结构，把握全篇文脉是阅读填空题解题的关键，英语的语篇（discurse）通常是由句子和语段（sentence grup）构成的，语段是句子和语篇之间的中间层次，句子虽然能够单独地表达相对完整的思想，但是它不能表达多方面的、比较复杂的思想，只有把几个句子结合为较大的言语片段，才能表达一个相对独立的层意，所谓的＂积句而成章，积章而成篇。＂就是这个道理。
分析文章的层次包含两种形式：一种是分析整篇文章的层次，也就是段落，另一种是分析每一个段落内部的层次，也就是语篇层次。
语篇与段落是有区别的，语段是篇章结构的中间层次，是由句子到篇的一种过渡形式，段落（paragraph）是在某些语体（如记叙文、议论文）中比语段更大的意义单位，较小的段落可以只包括一个语段或一个句子，一般来说，一个段落通常由几个语段构成。构成语段的方式有两种，一是靠句际间意义的结合，二是靠句际间的关联词，逻辑性插入语来连接，在分析语段层次时，可以借助句际间的连接词语作出判断，但最主要的还是要真正体会句际间的意义关系，把握作者的思路，从语序上去发现断续点，理清层次，好文章的层次非常清晰，只有层层入手，才能真正理解文章。
【得分要点】
（1）在阅读过程中，重要要关注文章的首段与末段。尤其是文章的这两段的末尾句，因为＂开门见山＂与＂末尾点题＂的写作方式是最为常见的，首段的末句一般是全文的主题所在，说明本文将探讨哪些内容，并简要指出文章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形式进行呈现。首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义，如果它是文章的主题句，就可以使读者迅速明确文章情节将如何展开，并对文章的写作主题有了整体的了解。如果末句不是主题句，则需要继续寻找。这时，可以考虑文章的写作方式是否为＂结尾总结＂式，如两者均可排除，则需在文章中其他段落寻找主题句，但要注意首段与末段的提示作用。
（2）做题的时候边读边做。各个问题附近的句子都需要重点阅读，圈画一些线索粗，再从选项中寻找相关的特征词用来判断正确答案。带入排除法也是一种很好的方法。另外，如果发现有一题拿不准的，先跳过，先做容易的能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。至此，文章的要点和主旨、各个段落之间的逻辑关系应该基本就能清楚了。然后再回过去做之前不确定的题目。
（3）做完后，通读全文。将所选项放入空白处，通读一遍，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。若代入选项后，发现文章写作线索中断或是前后矛盾，应更换其它选项。同时，我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分析，仔细甄别，排除干扰，从而得出正确选项。
（4）切勿随意改答案。要特别注意的是，不要仓促的改自己的之前选定的答案。做这类的题目时，第一印象的可信度还是很高的，除非你已经常有充分的理由否定向前的选择。
【真题再现】【2020·新高考全国卷I（山东）】
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Sme individuals are brn with a gift fr public speaking. 16 D yu want t be a gd public speaker? Here are sme principles yu must master.
Peple want t listen t smene wh is interesting, relaxed and cmfrtable. T ften when yu stand up t give a speech, yu fcus n the “public”at the expense f the”speaking. “ 17 Fcus n the speaking. Talk directly t yur audience, be yurself and make a cnnectin.
Even the mst successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the nly ne wh cares abut any mistake is the ne wh is speaking. Peple’s attentin wanders cnstantly. In fact,mst peple nly absrb abut 20 percent f a speaker’s message. S, dn’t stp speaking when yu make a mistake unless it’s a truly serius ne. 18
Yur gal is nt t be a perfect public speaker. 19 And like everything else in life, that takes practice. Remember, even wrld champin athletes practice their skills n a cnsistent basis.
20 It’s rare t hear smene say, “I wish that speaker had spken lnger. “On the ther hand, yu prbably can’t cunt the times that yu’ve thught, “I’m glad that talk is ver. It seemed t g n frever! “S surprise yur audience. Always make yur presentatin just a bit shrter than anticipated. It’s better t leave yur listeners wishing fr mre than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting fr yur speech finally t end.
A. D the ppsite.
B. Yu want t be an effective public speaker.
C. Yu dn’ t need t aplgize fr a minr slip.
D. When it cmes t public speaking, less is usually mre.
E. The bjective f mst speeches is t benefit the audience
F. Take the fear ut f public speaking by fcusing n yur listeners
G. Hwever, the majrity f peple are effective speakers because they train t be.
【答案】16. G 17. A 18. C 19. B 20. D
【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了成为好的演讲者需要掌握的一些原则。
16.本文主题是介绍成为好的演讲者要掌握的一些原则。上句提到有些人生来就有演讲的天赋。G项:然而，大多数人之所以能成为有影响的演讲者，是因为他们受过训练。与上句转折，引出本文主题--演讲者要训练。故选G。
17.下句Fcus n the speaking.是本段主题，建议演讲者把注意力集中在演讲上。上句提到一种常见现象，当站起来发表演讲时，演讲者往往会把注意力放在”公众”上，而不是”演讲”上。这是错误的做法，A项D the ppsite.承上启下，说明了上句做法的错误，引出了下句正确的做法。故选A。
18.本段提到即使成功的演讲者也会犯错误，观众不会太在意你的错误。上句建议当出错时不要停止演讲，除非是非常严重的错误。C项:你不需要为一个小失误道歉。与上句承接，是对待演讲出错的方法。故选C。
19.本段是说明练习的重要性。上句提到你的目标不是成为一个完美的演说家，下句应该说明目标是什么。B. Yu want t be an effective public speaker.与上句衔接，是我们演讲的真正目的。故选B。
20.下文提到观众并不是认为演讲越长越好，根据 Always make yur presentatin just a bit shrter than anticipated.可知，作者建议让演讲比预期的短一点，给观众更多的期待胜过让他们坐立不安地等待演讲结束。D项:公开演讲时，通常少就是多。说明了演讲时，多和少的辩证关系。故选D。
【题型演练】
1
Why d peple take “selfies(自拍)”
Researchers at Syracuse University in New Yrk tried t answer that questin. 1. Peple wh pst selfies and use editing sftware t make themselves lk better shw behavir cnnected t admiring themselves t much, the Syracuse researchers said. 2. As scial media can be shallw, it is a gd place fr peple t “wrk twards satisfying their wn vermuch pride.”
3. Peple wh pst grup selfies shw a need fr ppularity and a need t belng t a grup, the Syracuse University research fund.
Other findings frm the study include: There are n majr differences n hw ften men and wmen pst selfies and hw ften they use editing sftware. 4.
The Newhuse Schl’s Assciate Prfessr Makana Chck wrked n the study. She said, psting selfies n scial media is nt all that different frm what peple have dne fr many years. On trips, ur parents and grandparents used cameras t take phts. Befre scial media, peple wuld bring back phts t shw friends and family. Yu had n chice but t lk at them. If yu are a nice persn, yu cmmented abut hw nice everyne in the phts lked, especially children and the persn shwing the phts. 5.
On scial media, it is a different experience. Peple can decide nt t lk at phts f their friends and family even if they click “like” r even “lve” under the Facebk selfie.
A. That was the ld way f “clicking” like.
B. They came up with sme surprising answers.
C. Different peple have different pinins abut it.
D. Such peple think very highly f themselves, especially hw they lk.
E.Bth cameras and phnes are useful tls t recrd peple’s experiences.
F.There are ther reasns, besides admiring themselves, why peple pst selfies.
G.But men desire t be seen as ppular mre than wmen when psting selfies.
2
A “gap year” is a perid f time when a student takes a break befre ging t university, r befre a pstgraduate curse. 6. That helps yung peple with useful learning experiences, new skills and makes them mre independent. Emplyers and universities want t see evidence f enterprise, maturity and cmmitment.
Many chse t d vluntary wrk. This culd include teaching in the muntains in Nepal, a cnservatin prject in Madagascar. 7. The tp five travel destinatins were Tibet, Indnesia, Taiwan, Eastern Eurpe and Canada.
8. Sme yung peple lk fr wrk if they need t earn mney fr accmmdatin and fd. Ppular jbs include bar wrk, fruit picking and being a tur guide.
Julie Taylr graduated frm Hull University and nw wrks as a manager in an internatinal cmpany. She says: “During my gap year, I spent fur mnths in Kenya teaching English, art and physical educatin t children aged 8-18. 9. I am very happy that I didn’t head ff t university straight after schl because I learned a lt abut myself. I wrked befrehand t pay fr the trip, shwing I had gd self-mtivatin and rganizatinal skills, and I was able t get by n very little mney. Emplyers see that climbing t an altitude f 4,985m shws strength and determinatin. 10. ”
A. Hw d the students like it?
B. It is ften spent in traveling r wrking.
C. Nt everyne can put that n their resumes (简历)!
D. I am very prud that I wrked and travelled a lt there.
E.Lts f gap year students just want t see mre f the wrld.
F.Then I travelled the cuntry and even climbed Munt Kenya.
G.Mst students fr a gap year take n a part-time jb t save up fr the trip.
3
My dad passed away yesterday and I am prcessing everything. It's hard t try and find psitivity in my pain, but my Dad taught me s much when he was healthy, and when he wasn't, I wanted t share sme f the lessns.
Be n the phne less. This ne seems strange but in his final mments I was all in, n checking my phne because it really didn't matter.11. This was a mment I needed t remember and I wuld have regretted it if I was distracted in this part f his jurney.
12. Smetimes we need peple t lean n My mm and dad needed a lt f help. I needed a lt f help. We were surrunded by peple willing t help us and instead f shutting them ut like we've dne in the past, we let them in and it was exactly what we needed.
Nt everyne will understand yur experience.13. Just knwing peple are here fr us means a lt, but I als knw that n ne will fully understand my experience and that's kay as we are all different.
Family is nt necessarily the peple wh brught yu int this wrld. I am adpted and I knw we chse each ther.14. I als lved my father very much.
There's nthing mre imprtant than being with the nes yu lve. I was able t hld my Dad when he tk his last breath. My mm and I made sure that my dad knew he was lved thrugh this jurney.15. Everything else is secndary.
A. All that mattered was him.
B. Lve is what truly matters.
C. Surrund yurself with a supprt system.
D. And he lved me mre than anyne n this Earth.
E.It's kay nt t remember the reasn fr everything
F.Really, we can handle mre than we ever thught pssible.
G.This was a lng and hard jurney fr my mm and I and all f thse wh care abut us.
4
Develping Interpersnal Relatinships
One f the biggest keys t happiness is having strng interpersnal relatinships. I believe that relatinships are key t leading a fulfilling and cntented life. Like anything wrth having in life, they take sme wrk t develp and maintain.
In the spirit f clarity, it’s gd idea t take a quick lk at the definitin f interpersnal relatinships. 16. This can extend frm family t friends, t wrk assciates, t neighbrs, r clubs and n and n. It can be a relatinship in any cntext r situatin.
Fr instance, I’ve had strng shrt-lived relatinships with peple I’ve wrked with n a prject as well as ne fr 50 years with my brther. My tw best friends and I live in different cities but, we get tgether several times a year and have a great time. I have a mentr I wrked with ver a decade ag I still stay in tuch with because we get alng s well. 17.
We will briefly tuch n develping interpersnal relatinships. Best way t apprach it is t be a gd partner r friend as the situatin desires. 18. D yur part and help thers as needed. Be a cntributr wh is als willing t help ut when needed. As a friend, yu simply fllw the age-ld piece f advice “t have a friend, yu must first be a friend”.
19. That want-t-help attitude will put yu with like-minded individuals wh yu’ll prbably hit it ff with. The main thing t remember is great interpersnal relatinships can get frmed any lace r situatin where yu interact with ther peple. 20.
A. That’s hw interpersnal relatinship affects yu.
B. Interpersnal relatinships serve t ease peple’s anxiety.
C. Fr instance, ensure yu are a gd persn t wrk with.
D. All f these are examples f strng interpersnal relatinships.
E.Put sme effrt int it and yu’d be amazed at hw that pays ff
F.An interpersnal relatinship is a strng assciatin between peple.
G.If yu’re n a team, it shuld be smething yu’d like t help ut with.
5
As a senir year student, yu may have s many pressures cming frm s many directins that yu can’t figure ut what t d first.
21.
When yu have many things t d and a lt f demands n yur time, yu can lse sight f what’s imprtant. One f the best ways t see the big picture – what yu want ut f life – is t lay ut yur gals.
Pressure Pints and Hw t Deal With Them
Cnfused r verwhelmed -- 22. . Discuss yur cncerns with a friend, parent r teacher. They may help yu find slutins t yur prblems and wrries.
Being t hard n yurself – ease up, take a break and d smething yu enjy. Daydream, read a bk, g ut with friends – anything that helps yu relax.
Prblems, prblems, prblems – recgnize yur limits. It’s t stressful t try t deal with all yur prblems at nce. 23.
Gal-Setting Tips
It’s imprtant t remember that gals belng t yu – nt t yur parents, yur teachers, r yur friends. After yu’ve set yur gals, identify the skills yu have t achieve thse gals. 24. , d sme research. Try the library, yur guidance adviser and teachers, and ther peple wh culd help yu.
25. . If yur gal is smething yu n lnger want, change it. Identify the barriers t getting yur gals. Cnsider ways t vercme them. Dn’t get depressed by a big, lng-term gal – see what steps yu can take t achieve it and set thse steps dwn as shrt-term, “d-able” gals.
A. T much t d
B. If yu’re nt sure what skills yu’ll need
C. talk t smene yu trust
D. Gals exist t serve yu
E.Balancing gals in life
F.Chse what’s mst urgent and set aside the rest until later
G.As lng as yu knw what skill is imprtant and what isn’t
6
Therapeutic (治疗性的) writing invlves participating in writing activities t deal with emtinal issues. Peple wrk under the directin f a therapist (治疗学家) fr mst f the time. 26. In bth cases, participants adpt expressive writing t put dwn thughts, emtins, and ther experiences.
Therapeutic writing can be useful in cases where peple have difficulty cmmunicating by ther means. A client wh is having truble with a situatin, fr example, might write a letter t the peple invlved as part f therapy. 27. Besides, it wrks n hw t apprach the peple in real life t settle the issue.
Exercises in therapeutic writing typically encurage peple t write fr a blck f time, such as 15 minutes. They may be asked t write abut their days r issues cming up in their lives. In guided therapy, the therapist may review the writing and discuss it with the patient. 28.
Sme peple keep writing regular jurnals t share with their therapists and thers. 29. Therapists can als use electrnic jurnals t help patients between sessins, lking at what they’re writing abut and identifying specific issues t discuss in therapy.
30. Peple may keep persnal jurnals r diaries intended fr their private use, where they can describe events and explre emtins. Sme add a self-directed grup therapy aspect as well by sharing their writing with friends wh can prvide advice.
A. Sme f us think that writing is nly fr writers.
B. There are infrmal appraches t writing as therapy.
C. Participants can benefit frm therapeutic writing exercises.
D. Smetimes they can start a writing prgram independently.
E.Of curse, patients can talk abut the emtins that cme up while writing.
F.This writing can help him r her express gals and a desired result clearly.
G.Others may keep an nline writing jurnal and nly allw his r her therapist t read.
7
Lenard da Vinci and Nature
In the mdern wrld, art and science are tw very separate activities, but in Lenard’s time they were clsely cnnected. Science meant mathematics and medical studies.31. Mathematics included practical wrk like surveying land fr making maps as well as measuring the mvements f the stars in the sky. An artist might need t measure the different parts f the bdy. He culd als use mathematics t place things in relatinship t each ther in a drawing r painting s the scene lked crrect.32.
Mathematics was als cnnected t music because musical sunds have a fixed relatinship with each ther that can be described in numbers.33. Mre than this, thugh, Lenard believed that numbers were a part f all things in the wrld, including music, and he said that “withut them nthing can be dne.”
“Nature has kindly given us things everywhere t cpy,” wrte Lenard. In all his activities, Lenard was trying t discver the rules that cntrl nature. In his search fr thse rules, he lked very carefully at a lt f examples and details. Actual experience was mre imprtant t him than pinin, and he wrked frm facts t ideas.34. His purpse was t examine the wrld s he culd cpy it in beautiful paintings and sculptures. He als wanted t learn frm the clever slutins f nature.
35. His quick little sketches, ften dne while wandering utside, helped him t catch a mvement r a shape. Mre careful drawings wuld be dne at a desk with a pen and ruler. In July 2001, a small drawing by Lenard was sld fr $12 millin. It was the mst expensive drawing in the wrld.
A. Lenard was always drawing.
B. Hw culd these be cnnected with art?
C. Lenard was als an influential philspher.
D. Mathematicians and dctrs wrked t discver the unknwn.
E.Abve all, Lenard wanted t understand hw and why things wrked.
F.Lenard himself was a very gd musician and liked t play an instrument and sing.
G.Yu will see a gd example f such psitining in the painting f The Last Supper.
【命题意图】 阅读理解七选五要求从短文后的七个选项中（均为完整的句子）选出五个能填入文章空处的最佳选项，主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。其命题形式深受英语四六级和考研阅读多项选择题的影响，体现了《新课标》＂用英语获取、处理和运用信息的能力；逐步获取用英语思维的能力。＂的阅读学习和教学理念。该题型命题形式仍然具有客观题的特点，又与完形填空具有异曲同工之妙，只是选项少，以句子形式出现，考查目的和侧重点不完全相同而已。
从《考试说明》对该题型命题目的的表述＂主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。＂可以得出以下判断：该题备选项可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类。其多余的两个干扰项也往往从这三方面进行设置，例如主旨概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。
文章体裁以说明文为主，语篇模式较为固定：提出问题——提供解决方案。文章题材较为固定：与学生的日常生活学习紧密相关。
【考试方向】
分析篇章结构，把握全篇文脉是阅读填空题解题的关键，英语的语篇（discurse）通常是由句子和语段（sentence grup）构成的，语段是句子和语篇之间的中间层次，句子虽然能够单独地表达相对完整的思想，但是它不能表达多方面的、比较复杂的思想，只有把几个句子结合为较大的言语片段，才能表达一个相对独立的层意，所谓的＂积句而成章，积章而成篇。＂就是这个道理。
分析文章的层次包含两种形式：一种是分析整篇文章的层次，也就是段落，另一种是分析每一个段落内部的层次，也就是语篇层次。
语篇与段落是有区别的，语段是篇章结构的中间层次，是由句子到篇的一种过渡形式，段落（paragraph）是在某些语体（如记叙文、议论文）中比语段更大的意义单位，较小的段落可以只包括一个语段或一个句子，一般来说，一个段落通常由几个语段构成。构成语段的方式有两种，一是靠句际间意义的结合，二是靠句际间的关联词，逻辑性插入语来连接，在分析语段层次时，可以借助句际间的连接词语作出判断，但最主要的还是要真正体会句际间的意义关系，把握作者的思路，从语序上去发现断续点，理清层次，好文章的层次非常清晰，只有层层入手，才能真正理解文章。
【得分要点】
（1）在阅读过程中，重要要关注文章的首段与末段。尤其是文章的这两段的末尾句，因为＂开门见山＂与＂末尾点题＂的写作方式是最为常见的，首段的末句一般是全文的主题所在，说明本文将探讨哪些内容，并简要指出文章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形式进行呈现。首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义，如果它是文章的主题句，就可以使读者迅速明确文章情节将如何展开，并对文章的写作主题有了整体的了解。如果末句不是主题句，则需要继续寻找。这时，可以考虑文章的写作方式是否为＂结尾总结＂式，如两者均可排除，则需在文章中其他段落寻找主题句，但要注意首段与末段的提示作用。
（2）做题的时候边读边做。各个问题附近的句子都需要重点阅读，圈画一些线索粗，再从选项中寻找相关的特征词用来判断正确答案。带入排除法也是一种很好的方法。另外，如果发现有一题拿不准的，先跳过，先做容易的能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。至此，文章的要点和主旨、各个段落之间的逻辑关系应该基本就能清楚了。然后再回过去做之前不确定的题目。
（3）做完后，通读全文。将所选项放入空白处，通读一遍，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。若代入选项后，发现文章写作线索中断或是前后矛盾，应更换其它选项。同时，我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分析，仔细甄别，排除干扰，从而得出正确选项。
（4）切勿随意改答案。要特别注意的是，不要仓促的改自己的之前选定的答案。做这类的题目时，第一印象的可信度还是很高的，除非你已经常有充分的理由否定向前的选择。
【真题再现】【2020·新高考全国卷I（山东）】
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Sme individuals are brn with a gift fr public speaking. 16 D yu want t be a gd public speaker? Here are sme principles yu must master.
Peple want t listen t smene wh is interesting, relaxed and cmfrtable. T ften when yu stand up t give a speech, yu fcus n the “public”at the expense f the”speaking. “ 17 Fcus n the speaking. Talk directly t yur audience, be yurself and make a cnnectin.
Even the mst successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the nly ne wh cares abut any mistake is the ne wh is speaking. Peple’s attentin wanders cnstantly. In fact,mst peple nly absrb abut 20 percent f a speaker’s message. S, dn’t stp speaking when yu make a mistake unless it’s a truly serius ne. 18
Yur gal is nt t be a perfect public speaker. 19 And like everything else in life, that takes practice. Remember, even wrld champin athletes practice their skills n a cnsistent basis.
20 It’s rare t hear smene say, “I wish that speaker had spken lnger. “On the ther hand, yu prbably can’t cunt the times that yu’ve thught, “I’m glad that talk is ver. It seemed t g n frever! “S surprise yur audience. Always make yur presentatin just a bit shrter than anticipated. It’s better t leave yur listeners wishing fr mre than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting fr yur speech finally t end.
A. D the ppsite.
B. Yu want t be an effective public speaker.
C. Yu dn’ t need t aplgize fr a minr slip.
D. When it cmes t public speaking, less is usually mre.
E. The bjective f mst speeches is t benefit the audience
F. Take the fear ut f public speaking by fcusing n yur listeners
G. Hwever, the majrity f peple are effective speakers because they train t be.
【答案】16. G 17. A 18. C 19. B 20. D
【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了成为好的演讲者需要掌握的一些原则。
16.本文主题是介绍成为好的演讲者要掌握的一些原则。上句提到有些人生来就有演讲的天赋。G项:然而，大多数人之所以能成为有影响的演讲者，是因为他们受过训练。与上句转折，引出本文主题--演讲者要训练。故选G。
17.下句Fcus n the speaking.是本段主题，建议演讲者把注意力集中在演讲上。上句提到一种常见现象，当站起来发表演讲时，演讲者往往会把注意力放在”公众”上，而不是”演讲”上。这是错误的做法，A项D the ppsite.承上启下，说明了上句做法的错误，引出了下句正确的做法。故选A。
18.本段提到即使成功的演讲者也会犯错误，观众不会太在意你的错误。上句建议当出错时不要停止演讲，除非是非常严重的错误。C项:你不需要为一个小失误道歉。与上句承接，是对待演讲出错的方法。故选C。
19.本段是说明练习的重要性。上句提到你的目标不是成为一个完美的演说家，下句应该说明目标是什么。B. Yu want t be an effective public speaker.与上句衔接，是我们演讲的真正目的。故选B。
20.下文提到观众并不是认为演讲越长越好，根据 Always make yur presentatin just a bit shrter than anticipated.可知，作者建议让演讲比预期的短一点，给观众更多的期待胜过让他们坐立不安地等待演讲结束。D项:公开演讲时，通常少就是多。说明了演讲时，多和少的辩证关系。故选D。
【题型演练】
1
Why d peple take “selfies(自拍)”
Researchers at Syracuse University in New Yrk tried t answer that questin. 1. Peple wh pst selfies and use editing sftware t make themselves lk better shw behavir cnnected t admiring themselves t much, the Syracuse researchers said. 2. As scial media can be shallw, it is a gd place fr peple t “wrk twards satisfying their wn vermuch pride.”
3. Peple wh pst grup selfies shw a need fr ppularity and a need t belng t a grup, the Syracuse University research fund.
Other findings frm the study include: There are n majr differences n hw ften men and wmen pst selfies and hw ften they use editing sftware. 4.
The Newhuse Schl’s Assciate Prfessr Makana Chck wrked n the study. She said, psting selfies n scial media is nt all that different frm what peple have dne fr many years. On trips, ur parents and grandparents used cameras t take phts. Befre scial media, peple wuld bring back phts t shw friends and family. Yu had n chice but t lk at them. If yu are a nice persn, yu cmmented abut hw nice everyne in the phts lked, especially children and the persn shwing the phts. 5.
On scial media, it is a different experience. Peple can decide nt t lk at phts f their friends and family even if they click “like” r even “lve” under the Facebk selfie.
A. That was the ld way f “clicking” like.
B. They came up with sme surprising answers.
C. Different peple have different pinins abut it.
D. Such peple think very highly f themselves, especially hw they lk.
E.Bth cameras and phnes are useful tls t recrd peple’s experiences.
F.There are ther reasns, besides admiring themselves, why peple pst selfies.
G.But men desire t be seen as ppular mre than wmen when psting selfies.
2
A “gap year” is a perid f time when a student takes a break befre ging t university, r befre a pstgraduate curse. 6. That helps yung peple with useful learning experiences, new skills and makes them mre independent. Emplyers and universities want t see evidence f enterprise, maturity and cmmitment.
Many chse t d vluntary wrk. This culd include teaching in the muntains in Nepal, a cnservatin prject in Madagascar. 7. The tp five travel destinatins were Tibet, Indnesia, Taiwan, Eastern Eurpe and Canada.
8. Sme yung peple lk fr wrk if they need t earn mney fr accmmdatin and fd. Ppular jbs include bar wrk, fruit picking and being a tur guide.
Julie Taylr graduated frm Hull University and nw wrks as a manager in an internatinal cmpany. She says: “During my gap year, I spent fur mnths in Kenya teaching English, art and physical educatin t children aged 8-18. 9. I am very happy that I didn’t head ff t university straight after schl because I learned a lt abut myself. I wrked befrehand t pay fr the trip, shwing I had gd self-mtivatin and rganizatinal skills, and I was able t get by n very little mney. Emplyers see that climbing t an altitude f 4,985m shws strength and determinatin. 10. ”
A. Hw d the students like it?
B. It is ften spent in traveling r wrking.
C. Nt everyne can put that n their resumes (简历)!
D. I am very prud that I wrked and travelled a lt there.
E.Lts f gap year students just want t see mre f the wrld.
F.Then I travelled the cuntry and even climbed Munt Kenya.
G.Mst students fr a gap year take n a part-time jb t save up fr the trip.
3
My dad passed away yesterday and I am prcessing everything. It's hard t try and find psitivity in my pain, but my Dad taught me s much when he was healthy, and when he wasn't, I wanted t share sme f the lessns.
Be n the phne less. This ne seems strange but in his final mments I was all in, n checking my phne because it really didn't matter.11. This was a mment I needed t remember and I wuld have regretted it if I was distracted in this part f his jurney.
12. Smetimes we need peple t lean n My mm and dad needed a lt f help. I needed a lt f help. We were surrunded by peple willing t help us and instead f shutting them ut like we've dne in the past, we let them in and it was exactly what we needed.
Nt everyne will understand yur experience.13. Just knwing peple are here fr us means a lt, but I als knw that n ne will fully understand my experience and that's kay as we are all different.
Family is nt necessarily the peple wh brught yu int this wrld. I am adpted and I knw we chse each ther.14. I als lved my father very much.
There's nthing mre imprtant than being with the nes yu lve. I was able t hld my Dad when he tk his last breath. My mm and I made sure that my dad knew he was lved thrugh this jurney.15. Everything else is secndary.
A. All that mattered was him.
B. Lve is what truly matters.
C. Surrund yurself with a supprt system.
D. And he lved me mre than anyne n this Earth.
E.It's kay nt t remember the reasn fr everything
F.Really, we can handle mre than we ever thught pssible.
G.This was a lng and hard jurney fr my mm and I and all f thse wh care abut us.
4
Develping Interpersnal Relatinships
One f the biggest keys t happiness is having strng interpersnal relatinships. I believe that relatinships are key t leading a fulfilling and cntented life. Like anything wrth having in life, they take sme wrk t develp and maintain.
In the spirit f clarity, it’s gd idea t take a quick lk at the definitin f interpersnal relatinships. 16. This can extend frm family t friends, t wrk assciates, t neighbrs, r clubs and n and n. It can be a relatinship in any cntext r situatin.
Fr instance, I’ve had strng shrt-lived relatinships with peple I’ve wrked with n a prject as well as ne fr 50 years with my brther. My tw best friends and I live in different cities but, we get tgether several times a year and have a great time. I have a mentr I wrked with ver a decade ag I still stay in tuch with because we get alng s well. 17.
We will briefly tuch n develping interpersnal relatinships. Best way t apprach it is t be a gd partner r friend as the situatin desires. 18. D yur part and help thers as needed. Be a cntributr wh is als willing t help ut when needed. As a friend, yu simply fllw the age-ld piece f advice “t have a friend, yu must first be a friend”.
19. That want-t-help attitude will put yu with like-minded individuals wh yu’ll prbably hit it ff with. The main thing t remember is great interpersnal relatinships can get frmed any lace r situatin where yu interact with ther peple. 20.
A. That’s hw interpersnal relatinship affects yu.
B. Interpersnal relatinships serve t ease peple’s anxiety.
C. Fr instance, ensure yu are a gd persn t wrk with.
D. All f these are examples f strng interpersnal relatinships.
E.Put sme effrt int it and yu’d be amazed at hw that pays ff
F.An interpersnal relatinship is a strng assciatin between peple.
G.If yu’re n a team, it shuld be smething yu’d like t help ut with.
5
As a senir year student, yu may have s many pressures cming frm s many directins that yu can’t figure ut what t d first.
21.
When yu have many things t d and a lt f demands n yur time, yu can lse sight f what’s imprtant. One f the best ways t see the big picture – what yu want ut f life – is t lay ut yur gals.
Pressure Pints and Hw t Deal With Them
Cnfused r verwhelmed -- 22. . Discuss yur cncerns with a friend, parent r teacher. They may help yu find slutins t yur prblems and wrries.
Being t hard n yurself – ease up, take a break and d smething yu enjy. Daydream, read a bk, g ut with friends – anything that helps yu relax.
Prblems, prblems, prblems – recgnize yur limits. It’s t stressful t try t deal with all yur prblems at nce. 23.
Gal-Setting Tips
It’s imprtant t remember that gals belng t yu – nt t yur parents, yur teachers, r yur friends. After yu’ve set yur gals, identify the skills yu have t achieve thse gals. 24. , d sme research. Try the library, yur guidance adviser and teachers, and ther peple wh culd help yu.
25. . If yur gal is smething yu n lnger want, change it. Identify the barriers t getting yur gals. Cnsider ways t vercme them. Dn’t get depressed by a big, lng-term gal – see what steps yu can take t achieve it and set thse steps dwn as shrt-term, “d-able” gals.
A. T much t d
B. If yu’re nt sure what skills yu’ll need
C. talk t smene yu trust
D. Gals exist t serve yu
E.Balancing gals in life
F.Chse what’s mst urgent and set aside the rest until later
G.As lng as yu knw what skill is imprtant and what isn’t
6
Therapeutic (治疗性的) writing invlves participating in writing activities t deal with emtinal issues. Peple wrk under the directin f a therapist (治疗学家) fr mst f the time. 26. In bth cases, participants adpt expressive writing t put dwn thughts, emtins, and ther experiences.
Therapeutic writing can be useful in cases where peple have difficulty cmmunicating by ther means. A client wh is having truble with a situatin, fr example, might write a letter t the peple invlved as part f therapy. 27. Besides, it wrks n hw t apprach the peple in real life t settle the issue.
Exercises in therapeutic writing typically encurage peple t write fr a blck f time, such as 15 minutes. They may be asked t write abut their days r issues cming up in their lives. In guided therapy, the therapist may review the writing and discuss it with the patient. 28.
Sme peple keep writing regular jurnals t share with their therapists and thers. 29. Therapists can als use electrnic jurnals t help patients between sessins, lking at what they’re writing abut and identifying specific issues t discuss in therapy.
30. Peple may keep persnal jurnals r diaries intended fr their private use, where they can describe events and explre emtins. Sme add a self-directed grup therapy aspect as well by sharing their writing with friends wh can prvide advice.
A. Sme f us think that writing is nly fr writers.
B. There are infrmal appraches t writing as therapy.
C. Participants can benefit frm therapeutic writing exercises.
D. Smetimes they can start a writing prgram independently.
E.Of curse, patients can talk abut the emtins that cme up while writing.
F.This writing can help him r her express gals and a desired result clearly.
G.Others may keep an nline writing jurnal and nly allw his r her therapist t read.
7
Lenard da Vinci and Nature
In the mdern wrld, art and science are tw very separate activities, but in Lenard’s time they were clsely cnnected. Science meant mathematics and medical studies.31. Mathematics included practical wrk like surveying land fr making maps as well as measuring the mvements f the stars in the sky. An artist might need t measure the different parts f the bdy. He culd als use mathematics t place things in relatinship t each ther in a drawing r painting s the scene lked crrect.32.
Mathematics was als cnnected t music because musical sunds have a fixed relatinship with each ther that can be described in numbers.33. Mre than this, thugh, Lenard believed that numbers were a part f all things in the wrld, including music, and he said that “withut them nthing can be dne.”
“Nature has kindly given us things everywhere t cpy,” wrte Lenard. In all his activities, Lenard was trying t discver the rules that cntrl nature. In his search fr thse rules, he lked very carefully at a lt f examples and details. Actual experience was mre imprtant t him than pinin, and he wrked frm facts t ideas.34. His purpse was t examine the wrld s he culd cpy it in beautiful paintings and sculptures. He als wanted t learn frm the clever slutins f nature.
35. His quick little sketches, ften dne while wandering utside, helped him t catch a mvement r a shape. Mre careful drawings wuld be dne at a desk with a pen and ruler. In July 2001, a small drawing by Lenard was sld fr $12 millin. It was the mst expensive drawing in the wrld.
A. Lenard was always drawing.
B. Hw culd these be cnnected with art?
C. Lenard was als an influential philspher.
D. Mathematicians and dctrs wrked t discver the unknwn.
E.Abve all, Lenard wanted t understand hw and why things wrked.
F.Lenard himself was a very gd musician and liked t play an instrument and sing.
G.Yu will see a gd example f such psitining in the painting f The Last Supper.
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