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浙江省镇海中学2022-2023学年高三英语上学期模拟试题（Word版附解析）
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这是一份浙江省镇海中学2022-2023学年高三英语上学期模拟试题（Word版附解析），共28页。试卷主要包含了 B等内容，欢迎下载使用。
镇海中学2022学年第一学期英语模拟试题
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上;
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。
3. 回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效;
4. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：听力 (共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the man mean?
A. He is not interested in the city of Washington.
B. He prefers Los Angeles to Washington.
C. He used to hesitate where to go.
2. What is the man’s reaction to the news?
A. He is angry. B. He is surprised. C. He doesn’t care.
3. How might the woman feel?
A. Uneasy. B. Disappointed. C. Unconcerned.
4. What does the man think of the party?
A. He doesn’t like the part
B. He hates to prepare for the party.
C. It is worthwhile to prepare for the party.
5. What are the speakers mainly discussing?
A. How customers could be best served.
B. What kind of stores can offer lower prices.
C. Whether online stores will replace high-street stores.
第二节 (共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你都有时间回答有关小题，每小题5秒钟。听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答6-7题。
6. What time was the plane originally scheduled to leave?
A At 3:00. B. At 4:00. C. At 5:00.
7. Why is the woman worried?
A. The weather is bad. B. The report isn’t finished. C. An appointment will be postponed.
听下面一段较长对话，回答8-10题。
8. What are the speakers mainly discussing?
A. The man’s favorite food. B. Popular food in Belgium. C. Belgian eating habits.
9. How long did the man’s Christmas dinner take last year?
A. About 6 hours. B. About 5 hours. C. About 3 hours.
10. What may people there do after a big dinner?
A. They eat as much as usual.
B. They take exercise to keep fit.
C. They eat less in the following days.
听下面一段较长对话，回答11-13小题。
11. How does the woman feel about the result of the competition?
A. Excited. B. Delighted. C. Disappointed.
12. Who was the winner?
A. Amber. B. Mary. C. Linda.
13. What’s the man’s opinion about the judges?
A. They were not fair.
B. They made a hard decision.
C. They did not listen carefully.
听下面一段独白，回答14-17题。
14. What made the man decide to study medicine finally?
A His own experience. B. His teachers’ advice. C. His parents’ influence.
15. What did the man do when he saw a woman on the ground?
A. Took her to the hospital.
B. Walked back to his dormitory.
C. Gave her mouth-to-mouth breathing.
16. Where does the conversation most probably take place?
A. In a university. B. In a television studio. C. In an emergency room.
17. What is Dr. Joseph going to talk about?
A. First aid methods. B. Some happier moments. C. His work in the hospital.
听下面一段独白，回答18-20题。
18. What does ASO-S mainly do?
A. Do solar observation.
B. Make weather forecasting.
C. Study the Earth’s atmosphere.
19. How long will ASO-S stay in orbit at least?
A. Four years. B. Forty hours. C. Seventy years.
20. Why is ASO-S so meaningful?
A. It can block the sun’s radiation.
B. It may fill China’s gap in the field.
C. It is the first solar satellite globally.
第二部分：阅读 (共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
HANDSTITCHED WORLDS: THE CARTOGRAPHY OF QUILTS
Quilts (床罩) are a narrative art; with themes that are political, spiritual, communal, or commemorative, they are infused with history and memory, mapping out intimate stories and legacies through a handcrafted language of design. Handstitched Worlds: The Cartography of Quilts is an invitation to read quilts as maps, tracing the paths of individual histories that illuminate larger historic events and cultural trends.
Spanning the nineteenth to twenty-first centuries, this insightful and engaging exhibition brings together 18 quilts from the collection of the American Folk Art Museum, New York, representing a range of materials, motifs, and techniques from traditional early-American quilts to more contemporary sculptural assemblages. The quilts in Handstitched Worlds show us how this too-often overlooked medium balances creativity with tradition, individuality with collective zeitgeist. Like a road map, these unique works offer a path to a deeper understanding of the American cultural fabric.
Number of Works:18 quilts
Organized by: American Folk Art Museum, New York
Approximate size:175-200 linear feet
Security: Moderate security
Participation Fee: Please inquire
Shipping: IA&A makes all arrangements; exhibitors pay outgoing shipping costs within the contiguous U.S.
Booking Period:12 weeks
Tour: June 2021—August2024
Contact: TravelingExhibitions@ArtsandArtists.org
Leigh Yawkey Woodson Art Museum, Wausau, WI
June 12, 2021—August 29, 2021
Washington State Historical Society, Tacoma, WA
September 17, 2021—January 23, 2022
Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT
February 19, 2022—May 14, 2022
Fort Wayne Muesum of Art, Fort Wayne, IN
June 18, 2022—September 11, 2022
AVAILABLE
October 2022—January 2023
Dane G. Hansen Memorial Museum, Logan, KS
February 17,2023—May 14, 2023
AVAILABLE
June 2023—December 2023
Lauren Rogers Museum of Art Laurel, MS
January 30, 2024—April 21, 2024
AVAILABLE
May 2024—August 2024
All tour dates can be customized to meet your scheduling needs. Please contact Traveling Exhibitions @ Artsand Artists.org for more information.
1. What is the purpose of the exhibition of Handstitched Worlds: The Cartography of Quilts?
A. To promote creativity and individuality thorough the engaging exhibition.
B. To provide an opportunity for visitors to learn to make quilts stitch by stitch.
C. To give visitors an insight into the history and culture of America in specific periods.
D. To enrich the understanding of the American culture by a tour visit to museums across America.
2. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the article?
A. The exhibition is free both for the exhibitors and for the visitors.
B. Exhibitors that are interested can choose whatever dates they want.
C. The artistic and historic value of handstitched quilts used to be neglected.
D. Exhibitors that are interested can book the exhibition 12 weeks in advance.
3. The article is written to _________.
A. exhibitors B. visitors C. artists D. historians
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇应用文，介绍了展览活动“手工缝制的世界: 被子的绘图”的参展相关信息。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Spanning the nineteenth to twenty-first centuries, this insightful and engaging exhibition brings together 18 quilts from the collection of the American Folk Art Museum, New York, representing a range of materials, motifs, and techniques from traditional early-American quilts to more contemporary sculptural assemblages.”（从19世纪到21世纪，这个深刻而迷人的展览汇集了来自纽约美国民间艺术博物馆的18款被子，代表了从传统的早期美国被子到更现代的雕塑组合的一系列材料、图案和技术。）及“Like a road map, these unique works offer a path to a deeper understanding of the American cultural fabric.”（这些独特的作品就像一张路线图，为深入了解美国文化结构提供了途径。）可知，“手工缝制的世界：拼布地图”展览的目的是为了让游客通过从19世纪到21世纪不同时期的被子，了解美国特定时期的历史和文化。故选C项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章关键信息“Booking Period:12 weeks”（预定时间周期：12周）可知，有兴趣的参展商可提前12周预订。故选D项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章关键句“Shipping: IA&A makes all arrangements; exhibitors pay outgoing shipping costs within the contiguous U.S.”（航运：IA&A做所有安排；参展商在美国本土支付运费）及“All tour dates can be customized to meet your scheduling needs.”（所有的巡展日期可以定制，以满足您的日程安排需要。）可推测，本文是写给参展商的。故选A项。
B
Some documents have been making the rounds lately — where people who work various positions in different industries share how much they’re paid.
Bravo! It’s about time we blew up that old belief that salaries have to stay secret. This is not just a matter of curiosity. Having information about salaries can help narrow the gender wage gap, which has barely changed for more than a decade. Recently released date from the US Census Bureau shows that, on average, women working full time still are paid only 82 cents for every dollar paid to a man. And the gap is even wider for many women of color: Black women make 62 cents, and Latinas just 54 cents. What’s more, the pay gap even extends into her retirement. Because she earned less and therefore paid less to the social security system, she receives less in social security benefits.
Having greater access to salary information is helping to speed things up. A new research report by the American Association of University Women shows that the wage gap tends to be smaller in job sectors where pay transparency (透明) is a must. For example, among federal government workers, there’s just a 13 percent pay difference between men and women, and in state government, the gap is about 17 percent. But in private, for-profit companies, where salaries are generally kept under wraps, the gender wage gap jumps to 29 percent.
Fortunately, salary information is increasingly available on some websites. Certain companies and many human resources departments are pushing ahead with this practice. Of course, it’s going to take more than salary transparency to equalize earnings between women and men. But sharing salaries can and must be part of the solution. The more information women have about how jobs are valued — and what different people earn — the better they will understand their value in the labor market and be able to push for the pay they deserve.
4. Why are the figures mentioned in paragraph 2?
A. To reveal the severity of gender wage gap.
B. To confirm the previous belief about salaries.
C. To satisfy readers’ curiosity about others’ salaries.
D. To appeal to readers to share their salary information.
5. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
A. The inequality between men and women.
B. The need to keep salary information a secret.
C. The advantage of working for the government.
D. The benefit of making salary information public.
6. What is the author’s attitude towards sharing salary information?
A. Critical. B. Favourable.
C. Unclean D. Negative.
7. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. Why It Pays to Share How Much You Make
B. Where Salary Information Difference Lies
C. What It Takes to Realize Gender Equality
D. How Woman’s Value Improves at Work.
【答案】4. A 5. D 6. B 7. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，性别和种族会影响男女个人收入，而将收入信息公开有助于缩小性别工资差距，实现男女收入平等，帮助女性争取应得的薪酬。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。由第二段中的“Having information about salaries can help narrow the gender wage gap, which has barely changed for more than a decade. Recently released date from the US Census Bureau shows that, on average, women working full time still are paid only 82 cents for every dollar paid to a man. And the gap is even wider for many women of color: Black women make 62 cents, and Latinas just 54 cents. What’s more, the pay gap even extends into her retirement. (了解薪资信息有助于缩小性别工资差距，这一差距十多年来几乎没有变化。美国人口普查局最近公布的数据显示，平均而言，全职工作的女性比男性在被付报酬一美元时，仍然只能得到82美分的报酬。对于许多有色人种女性来说，差距甚至更大：黑人女性挣62美分，拉丁裔女性只挣54美分。更重要的是，工资差距甚至延伸到她的退休)”可知，性别工资差距十多年来几乎没有变化，这种性别工资差距会延伸到女性的退休，通过提到这些数字能揭示性别工资差距的严重性。故选A项。
【5题详解】
主旨大意题。由第三段“Having greater access to salary information is helping to speed things up. A new research report by the American Association of University Women shows that the wage gap tends to be smaller in job sectors where pay transparency (透明) is a must. For example, among federal government workers, there’s just a 13 percent pay difference between men and women, and in state government, the gap is about 17 percent. But in private, for-profit companies, where salaries are generally kept under wraps, the gender wage gap jumps to 29 percent. (更方便地获取薪资信息有助于加快缩小性别工资差距速度。美国大学女性协会的一份最新研究报告显示，在薪酬必须透明的就业领域，工资差距往往较小。例如，在联邦政府工作人员中，男女之间的工资差距只有13%，而在州政府中，这一差距约为17%。但在私人盈利性公司，工资通常是保密的，性别工资差距跃升至29%)”可知，薪资信息公开有助于加快缩小性别工资差距速度，薪资信息透明的就业领域，工资差距往往较小，薪资信息保密的就业领域，工资差距往往较大，第三段主要讲公开薪资信息的好处。故选D项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。由第二段中的“Bravo! It’s about time we blew up that old belief that salaries have to stay secret. This is not just a matter of curiosity. Having information about salaries can help narrow the gender wage gap (好极了！是时候打破工资必须保密的旧观念了。这不仅仅是好奇的问题。了解薪资信息有助于缩小性别工资差距)”和最后一段中的“Fortunately, salary information is increasingly available on some websites. (幸运的是，一些网站上的薪资信息越来越多)”可知，作者认为打破工资必须保密的旧观念太好了，这有助于缩小性别工资差距，还认为一些网站上的薪资信息公开是一件幸运的事，可得出作者对分享薪资信息持支持（Favourable）态度。故选B项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。由第二段中的“Having information about salaries can help narrow the gender wage gap (了解薪资信息有助于缩小性别工资差距)”，第三段中的“Having greater access to salary information is helping to speed things up. (更方便地获取薪资信息有助于加快缩小性别工资差距速度)”和最后一段中的“Of course, it’s going to take more than salary transparency to equalize earnings between women and men. (当然，要实现男女收入平等，需要的不仅仅是工资透明度)” 及“The more information women have about how jobs are valued—and what different people earn—the better they will understand their value in the labor market and be able to push for the pay they deserve. (女性掌握的关于工作价值和不同人群收入的信息越多，她们就越能理解自己在劳动力市场中的价值，并能够争取应得的薪酬)”可知，男女存在性别工资差距，而薪资信息公开有助于缩小性别工资差距，实现男女收入平等，帮助女性争取应得的薪酬，因此薪资信息公开很重要、很有用，A项“为什么分享你的收入是值得的”符合文意。故选A项。
C
Monopoly (大富翁) is a very popular board game around the world today, but little is known about its American inventor, Elizabeth Magie, and the philosophy behind her invention.
Born in 1866, Magie was a rebel against the norms and politics of her times. Inspired by Henry George who believed that all men should have an equal right to use the land as they have to breathe air, she challenged the capitalist system of property ownership —in the form of a board game. In 1904, she patented her Landlord’s Game, which consisted of a circuit of streets and landmarks for sale.
Magie’s game contained two sets of rules: The Prosperity rules and the Monopolist rules. The Prosperity rules stated that every player should gain each time someone acquired a new property. The game was won (by all!) when the player starting with the least money doubled his or her fortune. Under Monopolist rules, on the other hand, each player advanced by acquiring properties and collecting rent from all who landed there later. Whoever managed to bankrupt the other players won the game. The purpose of the dual sets of rules, said Magie, was for players to understand how these different approaches to property can lead to different social outcomes: “all win” or “win all.”
The game soon became a hit on college campuses and among Quaker communities, and some people modified the game board. An unemployed player named Charles Darrow sold this modified version to the manufacturer Parker Brothers as his own. However, when the game’s true origin came to light, Parker Brothers bought the patent from Magie for only $500. They then re-launched the game as Monopoly, including only the rules leading to the triumph of one over all. Darrow was publicized as the inventor who had become a millionaire from selling the game. Thus a rags-to-riches myth was created, ironically exemplifying Monopoly’s implicit (含蓄的) values: Chase wealth and crush your opponents if you want to come out on top.
8. What is this passage mainly about?
A. The creation and modification of a board game.
B. A fight between patent owners of a popular game.
C. A socio-economic victory behind a landlord game.
D. The person who became a millionaire from a fun game.
9. What was the main purpose of Magie’s Prosperity rules?
A. To emphasize the value of the capitalist system.
B. To introduce different approaches to obtaining new land.
C. To advocate that all should be rewarded when one acquires wealth.
D. To challenge George’s idea that men should have an equal right to the land.
10. What does “a rags-to-riches myth” refer to in the last paragraph?
A. A modified version of Monopoly.
B. Darrow’s success after selling the game.
C. Parker Brothers’ purchase of Magie’s patent.
D. The popularity of the game on college campuses.
11. Which of the following would best describe Magie’s feelings toward today’s version of her game?
A. Excited. B. Relieved. C. Doubtful. D. Displeased.
【答案】8. A 9. C 10. B 11. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了著名桌游大富翁的由来以及演变。
【8题详解】
文章大意题。根据第一段“Monopoly(大富翁) is a very popular board game around the world today, but little is known about its American inventor, Elizabeth Magie, and the philosophy behind her invention.(《大富翁》是当今世界上一款非常流行的棋类游戏，但人们对其美国发明家伊丽莎白·马奇及其发明背后的哲学知之甚少)”以及全文可知，本篇文章主要介绍了著名桌游大富翁的由来以及演变。故选A。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第二句话“The Prosperity rules stated that every player should gain each time someone acquired a new property. (繁荣规则规定，每次有人获得新财产时，每个玩家都应该获得)”可知，繁荣规则提倡当一个人获得财富时，所有人都应该得到奖励。故选C。
【10题详解】
指代猜测题。根据第四段第二句话“An unemployed player named Charles Darrow sold this modified version to the manufacturer Parker Brothers as his own. (一位名叫查尔斯·达罗的失业球员将这一修改版本作为自己的产品出售给制造商帕克兄弟)”以及倒数第二句话“They then re-launched the game as Monopoly, including only the rules leading to the triumph of one over all. Darrow was publicized as the inventor who had become a millionaire from selling the game.(然后，他们以垄断的形式重新推出了游戏，只包括导致“一胜一负”的规则。达罗被宣传为发明者，他因出售这款游戏而成为百万富翁)”可知，达罗从手无分文的失业球员因出售这款游戏而成为百万富翁。由此可知，换线的单词指“达罗在出售游戏后的成功”。故选B。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段第二句话“ Inspired by Henry George who believed that all men should have an equal right to use the land as they have to breathe air, she challenged the capitalist system of property ownership —in the form of a board game. (受亨利·乔治的启发，她认为所有人都应该享有平等的土地使用权，就像呼吸空气一样。她以棋盘游戏的形式挑战了资本主义的财产所有权制度)”以及第四段最后一句话“Thus a rags-to-riches myth was created, ironically exemplifying Monopoly’s implicit(含蓄的) values: Chase wealth and crush your opponents if you want to come out on top.(于是，一个白手起家的神话诞生了，讽刺的是，它体现了垄断的隐性价值观：追逐财富，如果你想在竞争中脱颖而出，就击败对手)”可知，现在游戏的版本体现了垄断的隐性价值观，和Magie最初的理念是想违背的。由此可推知，她对现在游戏的版本应该是感到不高兴的。故选D。
D
On a dark night, 11-year-old Joe was playing hide-and-seek with his friends in the backyard when he thought he saw Magellan—a huge housecat. However, when the cat suddenly jumped on his head, Joe found it turned out a young cougar. He backed away from the animal, then turned and ran inside the house.
Cougar encounters like this one are becoming increasingly common in the U.S. Most people assume that’s because cougar populations are growing, or because the big cats are coming into closer contact with the expanding web of human suburbs. But Professor Robert Wielgus at Washington State University argues that poorly designed hunting policies might be causing an increase in cougar-human conflicts.
Wielgus’s research teams have been fitting the big cats with radio collars and monitoring their movements. They find that the cougar population is actually declining rapidly and almost no male cougars are over four years of age. And a study shows that the heavily hunted area has five times as many cougar complaints as the lightly hunted area—even though the density of cougars is about the same in both areas.
Wielgus suspects that hunting policies, which allow older males to be killed to keep cougar populations in check, were the culprit and teenage cougars in the heavily hunted area may be responsible for most of the trouble. To test his theory, he adds two more groups of cougars to the tracking program—one in a heavily hunted area and another in a comparable but lightly hunted area. He concludes that heavy hunting indeed almost wipes out older males and the population structure in the heavily hunted area shifts toward younger animals.
With these findings Wielgus believes without adults to keep them under control, the disorderly teens are more likely to come into conflict with humans, farm animals and pets.
Wielgus’s ideas don’t sit well with everyone. “Hunting definitely does cause lots of teenage males to flow in, but I don’t yet see solid proof that they are more likely to cause trouble than older cats,” says the University of Montana’s Robinson. “In many cases, the new arrivals have been squeezed out of remote wilderness habitat and forced into areas where they are more likely to encounter humans. I think humans are primarily responsible for all the interaction you see. We’re moving into these areas where cougars and deer are,” according to Alldredge, a researcher at the Colorado Division of Wildlife.
We may not understand what makes 18-year-old males more likely than 48-year-old men to do dangerous things, Wielgus says, but we know that the world would be a different place, if teenagers were in charge.
12. The passage begins with a story to ________.
A. lead into the topic B. describe an incident
C. show the author’s attitude D. warn of the dangers of cougars
13. The underline word “culprit” in Para. 4 is closest in meaning to ________.
A. effect B. evidence C. cause D. target
14. Which of the following is true?
A. Alldredge agrees hunting results in the arrival of lots of teens.
B. Robinson doubts whether age is a key factor in human-cougar conflicts.
C Alldredge believes killing older males may cause a bigger threat.
D. Robinson holds humans are to blame for the fall of older males.
15. What might Wielgus suggest to reduce cougar attacks?
A. Driving teenage cougars back into their natural habitat.
B. Getting people to move out of the areas where cougars are.
C. Forbidding children to play in the backyard by themselves.
D. Changing hunting policies to ensure a healthy cougar population.
【答案】12. A 13. C 14. B 15. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要是讲专家关于美洲狮管制的看法，说明了为什么会有美洲狮进入人类居住区，且表达了在此管制制度下美洲狮惹出的事端的看法。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。由第一段中的“However, when the cat suddenly jumped on his head, Joe found it turned out a young cougar. (然而，当猫突然跳到他的头上时，乔发现原来是一只年轻的美洲狮)”和第二段中的“Cougar encounters like this one are becoming increasingly common in the U.S. (在美国，这样的美洲狮遭遇正变得越来越普遍)”及下文可知，文章开始讲述了一个孩子被美洲狮袭击的故事，接下来引出专家对于为什么会有美洲狮进入人类居住区的说明，这也是本文的中心主题，因此推断，文章以故事开始是为了引出主题。故选A项。
【13题详解】
词句猜测题。由第三段中的“And a study shows that the heavily hunted area has five times as many cougar complaints as the lightly hunted area—even though the density of cougars is about the same in both areas (一项研究表明，尽管美洲狮在这两个地区的密度大致相同，但重度捕猎地区的美洲狮投诉数量是轻度捕猎地区的五倍)”和第四段中的“Wielgus suspects that hunting policies, which allow older males to be killed to keep cougar populations in check, were the culprit and teenage cougars in the heavily hunted area may be responsible for most of the trouble. (Wielgus怀疑，允许杀死年老雄性美洲狮以控制美洲狮的数量的捕猎政策是culprit，而在被大量捕杀的地区，年轻的美洲狮可能是造成大部分问题的原因)”可知，Wielgus研究发现在过度捕猎区有更多的美洲狮伤人事件发生，他猜测为了控制美洲狮数量，允许杀死年老美洲狮的狩猎制度是“原因（cause）”。故选C项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的““Hunting definitely does cause lots of teenage males to flow in, but I don’t yet see solid proof that they are more likely to cause trouble than older cats,” says the University of Montana’s Robinson. (“狩猎确实会导致很多年轻雄性美洲狮流入，但我还没有看到坚实的证据，表明年轻雄性美洲狮比年老雄性美洲狮更可能造成麻烦，”蒙大拿大学的Robinson说)”可知，Robinson还没有看到坚实的证据表明年轻雄性美洲狮比年老雄性美洲狮更可能造成麻烦（与人类的冲突），说明他怀疑年龄是否是人类与美洲狮冲突的关键因素。故选B项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。由第二段中的“But Professor Robert Wielgus at Washington State University argues that poorly designed hunting policies might be causing an increase in cougar-human conflicts. (但华盛顿州立大学的Robert Wielgus教授认为，设计不当的狩猎政策可能会导致美洲狮人类冲突的增加)”和第四段中的“Wielgus suspects that hunting policies, which allow older males to be killed to keep cougar populations in check, were the culprit and teenage cougars in the heavily hunted area may be responsible for most of the trouble. (Wielgus怀疑，允许杀死年老雄性美洲狮以控制美洲狮的数量的捕猎政策是原因，而在被大量捕杀的地区，年轻的美洲狮可能是造成大部分问题的原因)”可知，Wielgus认为现行的捕猎政策是造成人类与美洲狮冲突的关键因素，因此可得出Wielgus会提出改变狩猎政策，确保美洲狮种群健康。故选D项。
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Have you ever wondered how the trainers at Sea World get the 19,000-pound whale to jump 22 feet out of water and perform tricks? They get that whale to go over a rope farther out of the water than most of us can imagine. ___16___.
So how do the trainers at Sea World do it? The first thing they do is reinforce(强化) the behavior that they want repeated --- in this case, to get the whale to go over the rope.___17___, in a position where the whale can’t help but do what’s expected of it. Every time the whale goes over the rope, it’s given positive reinforcement and gets fed with fish. But what happened when the whale goes under the rope? Nothing — no criticism, no warning and no feedback. ___18___.
Positive reinforcement is the key of that simple principle that produces such splendid results. And as the whale begins to go over the rope more often than under, the trainers begin to raise the rope. It must be raised slowly enough so that the whale doesn’t starve.
___19___. Make a big deal out of the good and little stuff that we want consistently. Secondly, under-criticize. People know they need help when they mess up. ___20___, people will not forget the event and usually will not repeat it.
So we need to set up the circumstances so that people can’t fail. Over-celebrate, under-criticize…and know how far to raise the rope.
A. This is a great challenge
B. And the whale stays right where it is
C. If we figure out a way to motivate the whale
D. They start with the rope below the surface of the water
E. If we under-criticize, punish and discipline less than expected
F. Whales are taught that their negative behavior won’t be acknowledged
G. The simple lesson to be learned from the whale trainers is to over-celebrate
【答案】16. A 17. D 18. F 19. G 20. E
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，用训练员训练鲸鱼的例子告诉我们要营造一个好的环境，让人们可能少地面对失败，就如大加赞赏、不作批评。
【16题详解】
根据本空前的“Have you ever wondered how the trainers at Sea World get the 19,000-pound whale to jump 22 feet out of water and perform tricks?”可知，你想过海洋世界的训练员是如何让一头重达19,000磅的鲸鱼跳出水面22英尺和表演特技的么？此处承接上文，说的是这并不是简单的事情，故A项（这是一个巨大的挑战）符合语境。
【17题详解】
根据本空前的“The first thing they do is reinforce the behavior that they want repeated --- in this case, to get the whale to go over the rope.”可知，他们做的第一件事就是强化他们想要重复的行为——在这种情况下，让鲸鱼越过绳索，此处承接上文，讲的还是关于绳索的话题，故D项（他们从水面以下的绳索开始）符合语境。
【18题详解】
根据本空前的“But what happened when the whale goes under the rope? Nothing — no criticism, no warning and no feedback.”可知，鲸鱼钻到绳索下面会发生什么呢？没有批评，没有警告，也没有反馈，此处解释没有批评，没有警告，也没有反馈的原因，故F项（因为我们不可能教会鲸鱼承认它们的错误）符合语境。
【19题详解】
根据本空后的“Make a big deal out of the good and little stuff that we want consistently.”可知，让它们多点成功，偶尔有点小失败，故G项（从鲸鱼训练员那里学会的最简单的道理就是大加赞赏）符合语境。
【20题详解】
根据本空后的“people will not forget the event and usually will not repeat it”可知，人们通常不会忘记这件事，通常也不会再犯相同的错误，故E项（如果我们没有过多给予他们预期的批评、惩罚和职责时）符合语境。
【点睛】本篇七选五的难度在于语言不能按字面意思理解，本文以训练员训练鲸鱼为例告诉我们要营造一个好的环境——大加赞赏、不作批评，让人们可能少地面对失败。本篇第4题难度最大，关键在于对“Make a big deal out of the good and little stuff that we want consistently.”这句话的理解，这句话的字面意思是对我们希望不断出现的小事要打架吹捧，而在这里应该理解为让它们多点成功，偶尔有点小失败，强调赞赏的作用，所以此处是说从鲸鱼训练员那里学会的最简单的道理就是大加赞赏。
第二部分：语言运用 (共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Generous billionaires are not hard to come by, but it is definitely a challenge to find a billionaire who spends all his fortune on charity just to end up broke. This is ____21____ what happened to “former” American billionaire Charles Feeney.
Feeney, who grew up in a poor neighborhood of New Jersey, is a ____22____ at finding business opportunities. Since childhood, he would take any job to make a few cents for his family — jobs like ____23____ umbrellas in summer and selling Christmas cards in winter. In his college years at Cornell University, he sold home-made sandwiches to other students and is still ____24____ there as the Sandwich Man. Then, in the 1960s, Feeney ____25____ airport retailer Duty Free Shoppers (DFS), which helped him reach his billionaire ____26____ by the 1980s. However, Feeney never felt ____27____ with the lifestyle of the wealthy. He lived modestly, and often thought of what to do with all the money he made.
Influenced by his own experience, Feeney decided to give away all his money to those in need in his lifetime. In 1984, the then 53-year-old Feeney ____28____ everything — his DFS shares and the various businesses and ____29____ he had acquired worldwide — to Atlantic Philanthropies, a charity ____30____ he established. In the following decades, Feeney donated through the organization more than $8 billion anonymously (匿名地), to charities, universities, human rights ____31____, and foundations worldwide. Such incredible secret generosity ____32____ him the title “James Bond of Philanthropy” from Forbes magazine.
____33____ the idea of “Giving while Living,” Feeney is a ____34____ model for many famous billionaires today, including Bill Gates and Warren Buffet. He encourages people to donate at least half their fortunes before death. In September 2020, Feeney’s go-for-broke mission was ____35____, and he now lives happily with his wife on a pension (养老金) in a modest apartment in San Francisco.
21. A. truly B. exactly C. genuinely D. absolutely
22. A. target B. genius C. crossing D. professor
23. A. producing B. presenting C. optimizing D. distributing
24. A. identified B. determined C. memorized D. remembered
25. A. built B. owned C. formed D. established
26. A. fame B. status C. honor D. career
27. A. at all B. at ease C. in satisfaction D. in comparison
28. A. put off B. paid off C. gave over D. signed over
29. A. strength B. abilities C. properties D. achievements
30. A. firm B. agency C. foundation D. manufacture
31. A. campaigns B. explorations C. declarations D. investigations
32. A. won B. owed C. praised D. managed
33. A. Proving B. Benefiting C. Pioneering D. Motivating
34. A. role B. hint C. icon D. base
35. A. stroke B. satisfied C. completed D. compromised
【答案】21. B 22. B 23. D 24. D 25. D 26. B 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. C 31. A 32. A 33. C 34. A 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了“前”美国亿万富翁查尔斯·菲尼的发家史以及他最终把所有财富都花在慈善事业上的事情。
【21题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：这正是发生在“前”美国亿万富翁查尔斯·菲尼身上的事情。A. truly真地；B. exactly恰好地；C. genuinely真诚地；D. absolutely绝对地。根据上文“Generous billionaires are not hard to come by, but it is definitely a challenge to find a billionaire who spends all his fortune on charity just to end up broke.(慷慨的亿万富翁并不难找，但要找到一个把所有财富都花在慈善事业上，最后却破产的亿万富翁，无疑是一项挑战)”可知，这里指上文提到的事情恰好发生在了“前”美国亿万富翁查尔斯·菲尼身上。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：菲尼在新泽西州的一个贫困社区长大，在寻找商业机会方面是个天才。A. target目标；B. genius天才；C. crossing交叉口；D. professor教授。根据后文“Since childhood, he would take any job to make a few cents for his family — jobs like umbrellas in summer and selling Christmas cards in winter.”可知菲尼在寻找商业机会方面是个天才。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：从孩提时代起，为了给家里挣点钱，他什么工作都愿意做——夏天分发雨伞，冬天卖圣诞卡。A. producing产生；B. presenting呈现；C. optimizing最佳化；D. distributing配送。根据后文“umbrellas in summer and selling Christmas cards in winter.”可知，此处指夏天配送雨伞，故选D。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在康奈尔大学读书期间，他向其他学生出售自制三明治，至今仍被称为“三明治人”。A. identified鉴定；B. determined决定；C. memorized记住；D. remembered记得。根据still和后文“there as the Sandwich Man”指菲尼在大学仍然被称为“三明治人”，被人铭记。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，在20世纪60年代，菲尼成立了机场零售商免税店，这帮助他在20世纪80年代成为亿万富翁。A. built建造；B. owned拥有；C. formed形成；D. established成立。根据后文“airport retailer Duty Free Shoppers”指成立机场零售商免税店，故选D。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，在20世纪60年代，菲尼成立了机场零售商免税店，这帮助他在20世纪80年代成为亿万富翁。A. fame名誉；B. status地位；C. honor荣誉；D. career事业。根据上文“which helped him reach his billionaire”可知，机场零售商免税店帮助他在20世纪80年代取得了亿万富翁的地位。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：然而，菲尼从未对富人的生活方式感到自在。A. at all根本；B. at ease安逸；C. in satisfaction满意；D. in comparison相比之下。根据后文“He lived modestly, and often thought of what to do with all the money he made.(他生活简朴，经常考虑如何处理他赚到的所有钱)”可知，菲尼从未对富人的生活方式感到自在。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：1984年，时年53岁的菲尼将他在DFS的股份、在全球范围内获得的各种企业和财产等全部转让给了他建立的慈善基金会大西洋慈善基金会。A. put off推迟；B. paid off付清；C. gave over停止；D. signed over签字转让。根据后文“to Atlantic Philanthropies, a charity ”指菲尼把自己的财产进行了转让，故选D。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：1984年，时年53岁的菲尼将他在DFS的股份、在全球范围内获得的各种企业和财产等全部转让给了他建立的慈善基金会大西洋慈善基金会。A. strength力量；B. abilities能力；C. properties财产；D. achievements成就。根据上文“everything—his DFS shares and the various businesses and”以及后文“he had acquired worldwide—to Atlantic Philanthropies”可知，菲尼把自己的财产进行了转让，故选C。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：1984年，时年53岁的菲尼将他在DFS的股份、在全球范围内获得的各种企业和财产等全部转让给了他建立的慈善基金会大西洋慈善基金会。A. firm公司；B. agency代理；C. foundation基金会；D. manufacture制造业。根据上文“a charity”可知，指慈善基金会大西洋慈善基金会。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的几十年里，菲尼通过该组织匿名向世界各地的慈善机构、大学、人权运动和基金会捐赠了80多亿美元。A. campaigns活动；B. explorations探索；C. declarations声明；D. investigations调查。根据上文“human rights”指给人权运动捐款。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种令人难以置信的秘密慷慨为他赢得了《福布斯》杂志“慈善界的詹姆斯·邦德”的称号。A. won赢得；B. owed欠；C. praised赞美；D. managed管理。根据后文“him the title “James Bond of Philanthropy” from Forbes magazine”可知，菲尼的慷慨行为为他赢得了《福布斯》杂志“慈善界的詹姆斯·邦德”的称号。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：菲尼开创了“边生活边给予”的理念，是当今许多著名亿万富翁的榜样，包括比尔·盖茨和沃伦·巴菲特。A. Proving证明；B. Benefiting受益；C. Pioneering做先锋，开创；D. Motivating激励。根据后文“the idea of “Giving while Living,””和“Feeney is a model for many famous billionaires today”指菲尼开创了“边生活边给予”的理念，故选C。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：菲尼开创了“边生活边给予”的理念，是当今许多著名亿万富翁的榜样，包括比尔·盖茨和沃伦·巴菲特。A. role角色；B. hint暗示；C. icon图标；D. base基础。根据后文“model for many famous billionaires”指是菲尼当今许多著名亿万富翁的榜样，role model“榜样”。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：2020年9月，菲尼孤注一掷的使命完成了，现在他和妻子在旧金山的一套普通公寓里靠养老金幸福地生活。A. stroke击球；B. satisfied满足；C. completed完成；D. compromised妥协。根据上文“Feeney’s go-for-broke mission was”和下文“and he now lives happily with his wife on a pension (养老金) in a modest apartment in San Francisco.”指菲尼完成了自己的使命。故选C。
第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
Wealth ___36___ (start) with a goal and saving a dollar at a time. Call it the piggy bank strategy. There are lessons in that time-honored coin-savings container. When_______37_______(reduce) to baby steps, any huge task at last seems easier. If you want to take a really nice trip in 10 years for a special occasion, to collect the $15, 000 cost, $3. 93 a day has to___38___(save)a day.
When I was a child, my parents gave me a piggy bank to teach me that, if I wanted something, I should save money to buy ______39______. We associate piggy banks with children, ______40______in many countries, the little containers are also popular with adults.___41___ (Europe)see a piggy bank as a sign of good fortune and wealth.
___42___(original) you had to break the bank to get to the money, bringing in a sense of seriousness into savings. While piggy banks teach children the wisdom of saving, large quantities of information about saving _______43_______(be) also to be updated for adults. Think about such things in life _____44_____require large amounts of money - college education, weddings, and cars. So when you have money, take off the top 10%, put it___45___, save and invest wisely.
【答案】36. starts
37. reduced
38. be saved
39. it 40. but/ while
41. Europeans
42. Originally
43. are 44. as
45. aside
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了储蓄罐策略。作者告诉人们要学会储蓄，积少成多，最终才能拥有财富。
【36题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：财富始于一个目标，一次节省一美元。分析句子，本句为一般现在时，start是句子的谓语，主语是抽象名词wealth，所以谓语用单数。故填starts。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：当被简化到一步一步的时候，任何巨大的任务最终似乎都会变得更容易。when引导状语从句时，如果从句主语和主句主语一致，则可以省略从句主语，而且当从句主语与谓语是被动关系的时候,省略主语和be动词，保留谓语的过去分词形式。本题中从句谓语reduce与句子any huge task是被动关系。故填reduced。
【38题详解】
考查不定式的被动。句意：如果你想在十年后为一个特殊的场合进行一次真正美好的旅行，那就攒够15000美元的费用，也就是一天必须节省3.93美元。根据句意，不定式to save与其逻辑主语$3. 93 a day是被动关系，所以用不定式的被动。故填be saved。
【39题详解】
考查代词。句意：当我还是个孩子的时候，我父母给了我一个存钱罐，教我如果我想要什么东西，我应该存钱去买。buy是及物动词，后面需要接宾语，根据句意，空格内容指代something，故填it。
【40题详解】
考查连词。句意：我们把存钱罐和孩子联系起来，但是在许多国家，这个小容器也很受成年人的欢迎。根据句意，前后句子是转折关系，也可以理解成前后情况对比比较。均符合题意。故填but/ while。
【41题详解】
考查名词。句意：欧洲人把存钱罐看作是好运和财富的象征。根据句意，这里指欧洲人，放在句首，且根据谓语动词可知用复数形式。故填Europeans。
【42题详解】
考查副词。句意：最初，你必须打破储蓄罐才能拿到钱，这给储蓄带来了一种严肃感。根据句意，空格作状语，所以用副词且放在句首。故填Originally。
【43题详解】
考查主谓一致。句意：虽然存钱罐教会孩子们储蓄的智慧，但大量有关储蓄的信息也要为成年人更新。分析句子，当large quantities of…这样的形式作主语时，其谓语动词一律用复数(与其中名词的数无关)，且句子是一般现在时，故填are。
【44题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：想想生活中需要大量金钱的事情——大学教育、婚礼和汽车。在限制性定语从句中，先行词被so,as,such,the same修饰时，关系代词只能用as, as在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。分析句子，先行词things有such修饰，故填as。
【45题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：所以，当你有钱的时候，把前10%去掉，放在一边，存钱，明智地投资。根据句意，put aside“把…放在一边；把…...留待以后使用”符合题意。故填aside。
第三部分：写作 (共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，你和家人住在向Mr. Smith租的房子里。你对一些家具的状况不满意，且曾向房东反馈无果。请给Mr. Smith写一封信，内容包括：
1. 自我介绍，
2. 指出问题，
3. 期待解决。
注意：
1. 词数80个左右，开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Mr. Smith,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Mr. Smith,
I’m your renter from Flat 3 on Riverside Street and I’m writing to complain about the furniture.
As you may remember, the dining table is in poor condition and has uneven legs, which doesn’t match the chairs as these are too low to be comfortable. When I first pointed this out to you, you agreed to provide a brand new dining set. However, you haven’t done so and I would really like to resolve it.
If convenient, perhaps you could simply replace the table by finding a suitable height for the chairs, which would solve the problems without too much cost. Hope you would agree and looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是李华，你和家人住在向Mr. Smith租的房子里。你对一些家具的状况不满意，且曾向房东反馈无果。请给Mr. Smith写一封信。
【详解】1.词汇积累
指出：point out→show clearly
记起：remember→think of
提供：provide→offer
代替：replace→take place of
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句： I’m your renter from Flat 3 on Riverside Street and I’m writing to complain about the furniture.
拓展句：I’m your renter, who is from Flat 3 on Riverside Street, and I’m writing to complain about the furniture.
【点睛】[高分句型1] When I first pointed this out to you, you agreed to provide a brand new dining set. (运用了when引导时间状语从句)
[高分句型2] If convenient, perhaps you could simply replace the table by finding a suitable height for the chairs, which would solve the problems without too much cost. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句)
第二节 (满分25分)
47. 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
Whatever life threw at us each year, come Christmas our family had one constant tradition: our dog Pepper opened our presents for us. Watching our sweet dog unwrap gifts always warmed the holiday, which was often a little bittersweet because college, studying abroad, or work commitments often kept my two sisters and me away.
One year, everyone made it home for a Christmas together. I visited from college, Kaci flew in from Arizona, and Kara was back from Ireland. Mom’s jubilance kept her busy baking cookies for us all. Our Christmas season should have been perfect.
It couldn’t feel perfect, though, because Pepper’s health was deteriorating. Her life had already been longer than we expected —she was fourteen —and yet her mind was still sharp. Her enthusiasm for life made us feel better. But her body could not keep up with her spirit. She’d already shown the usual signs of deafness and stiffness. That year, her hips and back legs started giving out on her. We knew we would soon have to make a difficult decision.
It was likely Pepper’s last Christmas, so we decided to make sure she enjoyed it. On Christmas Eve, we gathered around the tree to open an early present. We each took a turn and then called Pepper to open one more. But her tangled legs could not navigate the boxes and shredded wrapping paper on the floor. She stumbled over the obstacles, and soon she disappeared into the next room. She crumpled back to the floor, as out of the way as she could get.
We were heartbroken. Could Pepper even participate in her last Christmas? Pepper stayed on the periphery of all our holiday activities. Throughout the day, we gave gifts but did not feel very giving. We shared stories over cinnamon rolls that tasted bland. We played games by the tree whose twinkles had dimmed.
That evening, Kaci said what we’d all been thinking: “I wish Pepper could have helped open presents this year.” We all put down our mugs of spiced tea. “Maybe she still could,” Kara said. “But there’s none left,” Mom reminded her. Kara jumped up and left the room. We heard her opening drawers and cabinets in the kitchen.
注意：(1)字数150左右，
(2)请按如下格式在答题纸上作答。
Kara returned with a box of dog biscuits, scissors, a pile of color paper, and a roll of tape.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Soon, Pepper selected her first Christmas gift.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
Kara returned with a box of dog biscuits, scissors, a pile of color paper, and a roll of tape. She cut a small section from the paper and wrapped a single dog treat in it. She held it up as if she had just struck gold. “Now there’s a present for her!” I knelt on the floor next to Kara and wrapped another. Kaci and Mom joined in, too. Soon, we had four elegantly wrapped dog biscuits in a row on the floor. we cleared the floor of discarded wrapping paper. “Go get Pepper,” we urged, bouncing eagerly. Mom went into the next room. “You wanna open a present, girl” she coaxed. In a moment, Pepper stuck her head into the room, ears fully perked with anticipation and curiosity. Skidded on stilted legs to the row of presents, she sniffed all four in order and looked back and forth. She d never had such a wide choice before.
Soon, Pepper selected her first Christmas gift. She nimbly turned the present with her forepaw, just like she was a spry young dog once more. She tugged every last scrap of paper off the dog treat before she chewed it with her customary grace. Our family swelled with glee. Pepper licked the last crumb from the floor. She eyed the remaining three presents, then turned to Mom as if asking, “May I please open another?” “Go ahead, girl!” Mom encouraged. For the next few minutes, Pepper opened each of her Christmas presents. While she did, she reminded us of the sheer joy of being together. Our family felt whole — not because we were in the same room, city, or country, but because our love bonded us together.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者家每年总是让他们家的狗Pepper来拆圣诞礼物，但是Pepper的年纪越来越大了，健康状况很不好。于是今年家人们为Pepper准备了礼物，让Pepper自己来拆。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“Kara拿着一盒狗饼干、剪刀、一堆彩纸和一卷胶带回来了。”可知，第一段可描写Kara为Pepper准备礼物的过程。
②由第二段首句内容“很快，Pepper选择了她的第一份圣诞礼物。”可知，第二段可描写Pepper拆礼物的经过和作者的感悟。
2.续写线索：Kara准备礼物——让Pepper拆礼物——开始拆礼物——作者感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
回来：return / get back
打开：open /unfold
进入：go into/ get into
情绪类
期待：anticipation/ expectation
快乐：joy /happiness
【点睛】[高分句型1] She held it up as if she had just struck gold. (运用了as if引导方式状语从句)
[高分句型2] Our family felt whole — not because we were in the same room, city, or country, but because our love bonded us together. (运用了because引导原因状语从句)
听力答案：1-20 CCBBC ACCAC CABAC BCAAB
镇海中学2022学年第一学期英语模拟试题
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上;
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。
3. 回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效;
4. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：听力 (共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the man mean?
A. He is not interested in the city of Washington.
B. He prefers Los Angeles to Washington.
C. He used to hesitate where to go.
2. What is the man’s reaction to the news?
A. He is angry. B. He is surprised. C. He doesn’t care.
3. How might the woman feel?
A. Uneasy. B. Disappointed. C. Unconcerned.
4. What does the man think of the party?
A. He doesn’t like the part
B. He hates to prepare for the party.
C. It is worthwhile to prepare for the party.
5. What are the speakers mainly discussing?
A. How customers could be best served.
B. What kind of stores can offer lower prices.
C. Whether online stores will replace high-street stores.
第二节 (共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你都有时间回答有关小题，每小题5秒钟。听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答6-7题。
6. What time was the plane originally scheduled to leave?
A At 3:00. B. At 4:00. C. At 5:00.
7. Why is the woman worried?
A. The weather is bad. B. The report isn’t finished. C. An appointment will be postponed.
听下面一段较长对话，回答8-10题。
8. What are the speakers mainly discussing?
A. The man’s favorite food. B. Popular food in Belgium. C. Belgian eating habits.
9. How long did the man’s Christmas dinner take last year?
A. About 6 hours. B. About 5 hours. C. About 3 hours.
10. What may people there do after a big dinner?
A. They eat as much as usual.
B. They take exercise to keep fit.
C. They eat less in the following days.
听下面一段较长对话，回答11-13小题。
11. How does the woman feel about the result of the competition?
A. Excited. B. Delighted. C. Disappointed.
12. Who was the winner?
A. Amber. B. Mary. C. Linda.
13. What’s the man’s opinion about the judges?
A. They were not fair.
B. They made a hard decision.
C. They did not listen carefully.
听下面一段独白，回答14-17题。
14. What made the man decide to study medicine finally?
A His own experience. B. His teachers’ advice. C. His parents’ influence.
15. What did the man do when he saw a woman on the ground?
A. Took her to the hospital.
B. Walked back to his dormitory.
C. Gave her mouth-to-mouth breathing.
16. Where does the conversation most probably take place?
A. In a university. B. In a television studio. C. In an emergency room.
17. What is Dr. Joseph going to talk about?
A. First aid methods. B. Some happier moments. C. His work in the hospital.
听下面一段独白，回答18-20题。
18. What does ASO-S mainly do?
A. Do solar observation.
B. Make weather forecasting.
C. Study the Earth’s atmosphere.
19. How long will ASO-S stay in orbit at least?
A. Four years. B. Forty hours. C. Seventy years.
20. Why is ASO-S so meaningful?
A. It can block the sun’s radiation.
B. It may fill China’s gap in the field.
C. It is the first solar satellite globally.
第二部分：阅读 (共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
HANDSTITCHED WORLDS: THE CARTOGRAPHY OF QUILTS
Quilts (床罩) are a narrative art; with themes that are political, spiritual, communal, or commemorative, they are infused with history and memory, mapping out intimate stories and legacies through a handcrafted language of design. Handstitched Worlds: The Cartography of Quilts is an invitation to read quilts as maps, tracing the paths of individual histories that illuminate larger historic events and cultural trends.
Spanning the nineteenth to twenty-first centuries, this insightful and engaging exhibition brings together 18 quilts from the collection of the American Folk Art Museum, New York, representing a range of materials, motifs, and techniques from traditional early-American quilts to more contemporary sculptural assemblages. The quilts in Handstitched Worlds show us how this too-often overlooked medium balances creativity with tradition, individuality with collective zeitgeist. Like a road map, these unique works offer a path to a deeper understanding of the American cultural fabric.
Number of Works:18 quilts
Organized by: American Folk Art Museum, New York
Approximate size:175-200 linear feet
Security: Moderate security
Participation Fee: Please inquire
Shipping: IA&A makes all arrangements; exhibitors pay outgoing shipping costs within the contiguous U.S.
Booking Period:12 weeks
Tour: June 2021—August2024
Contact: TravelingExhibitions@ArtsandArtists.org
Leigh Yawkey Woodson Art Museum, Wausau, WI
June 12, 2021—August 29, 2021
Washington State Historical Society, Tacoma, WA
September 17, 2021—January 23, 2022
Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT
February 19, 2022—May 14, 2022
Fort Wayne Muesum of Art, Fort Wayne, IN
June 18, 2022—September 11, 2022
AVAILABLE
October 2022—January 2023
Dane G. Hansen Memorial Museum, Logan, KS
February 17,2023—May 14, 2023
AVAILABLE
June 2023—December 2023
Lauren Rogers Museum of Art Laurel, MS
January 30, 2024—April 21, 2024
AVAILABLE
May 2024—August 2024
All tour dates can be customized to meet your scheduling needs. Please contact Traveling Exhibitions @ Artsand Artists.org for more information.
1. What is the purpose of the exhibition of Handstitched Worlds: The Cartography of Quilts?
A. To promote creativity and individuality thorough the engaging exhibition.
B. To provide an opportunity for visitors to learn to make quilts stitch by stitch.
C. To give visitors an insight into the history and culture of America in specific periods.
D. To enrich the understanding of the American culture by a tour visit to museums across America.
2. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the article?
A. The exhibition is free both for the exhibitors and for the visitors.
B. Exhibitors that are interested can choose whatever dates they want.
C. The artistic and historic value of handstitched quilts used to be neglected.
D. Exhibitors that are interested can book the exhibition 12 weeks in advance.
3. The article is written to _________.
A. exhibitors B. visitors C. artists D. historians
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇应用文，介绍了展览活动“手工缝制的世界: 被子的绘图”的参展相关信息。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Spanning the nineteenth to twenty-first centuries, this insightful and engaging exhibition brings together 18 quilts from the collection of the American Folk Art Museum, New York, representing a range of materials, motifs, and techniques from traditional early-American quilts to more contemporary sculptural assemblages.”（从19世纪到21世纪，这个深刻而迷人的展览汇集了来自纽约美国民间艺术博物馆的18款被子，代表了从传统的早期美国被子到更现代的雕塑组合的一系列材料、图案和技术。）及“Like a road map, these unique works offer a path to a deeper understanding of the American cultural fabric.”（这些独特的作品就像一张路线图，为深入了解美国文化结构提供了途径。）可知，“手工缝制的世界：拼布地图”展览的目的是为了让游客通过从19世纪到21世纪不同时期的被子，了解美国特定时期的历史和文化。故选C项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章关键信息“Booking Period:12 weeks”（预定时间周期：12周）可知，有兴趣的参展商可提前12周预订。故选D项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章关键句“Shipping: IA&A makes all arrangements; exhibitors pay outgoing shipping costs within the contiguous U.S.”（航运：IA&A做所有安排；参展商在美国本土支付运费）及“All tour dates can be customized to meet your scheduling needs.”（所有的巡展日期可以定制，以满足您的日程安排需要。）可推测，本文是写给参展商的。故选A项。
B
Some documents have been making the rounds lately — where people who work various positions in different industries share how much they’re paid.
Bravo! It’s about time we blew up that old belief that salaries have to stay secret. This is not just a matter of curiosity. Having information about salaries can help narrow the gender wage gap, which has barely changed for more than a decade. Recently released date from the US Census Bureau shows that, on average, women working full time still are paid only 82 cents for every dollar paid to a man. And the gap is even wider for many women of color: Black women make 62 cents, and Latinas just 54 cents. What’s more, the pay gap even extends into her retirement. Because she earned less and therefore paid less to the social security system, she receives less in social security benefits.
Having greater access to salary information is helping to speed things up. A new research report by the American Association of University Women shows that the wage gap tends to be smaller in job sectors where pay transparency (透明) is a must. For example, among federal government workers, there’s just a 13 percent pay difference between men and women, and in state government, the gap is about 17 percent. But in private, for-profit companies, where salaries are generally kept under wraps, the gender wage gap jumps to 29 percent.
Fortunately, salary information is increasingly available on some websites. Certain companies and many human resources departments are pushing ahead with this practice. Of course, it’s going to take more than salary transparency to equalize earnings between women and men. But sharing salaries can and must be part of the solution. The more information women have about how jobs are valued — and what different people earn — the better they will understand their value in the labor market and be able to push for the pay they deserve.
4. Why are the figures mentioned in paragraph 2?
A. To reveal the severity of gender wage gap.
B. To confirm the previous belief about salaries.
C. To satisfy readers’ curiosity about others’ salaries.
D. To appeal to readers to share their salary information.
5. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
A. The inequality between men and women.
B. The need to keep salary information a secret.
C. The advantage of working for the government.
D. The benefit of making salary information public.
6. What is the author’s attitude towards sharing salary information?
A. Critical. B. Favourable.
C. Unclean D. Negative.
7. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. Why It Pays to Share How Much You Make
B. Where Salary Information Difference Lies
C. What It Takes to Realize Gender Equality
D. How Woman’s Value Improves at Work.
【答案】4. A 5. D 6. B 7. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，性别和种族会影响男女个人收入，而将收入信息公开有助于缩小性别工资差距，实现男女收入平等，帮助女性争取应得的薪酬。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。由第二段中的“Having information about salaries can help narrow the gender wage gap, which has barely changed for more than a decade. Recently released date from the US Census Bureau shows that, on average, women working full time still are paid only 82 cents for every dollar paid to a man. And the gap is even wider for many women of color: Black women make 62 cents, and Latinas just 54 cents. What’s more, the pay gap even extends into her retirement. (了解薪资信息有助于缩小性别工资差距，这一差距十多年来几乎没有变化。美国人口普查局最近公布的数据显示，平均而言，全职工作的女性比男性在被付报酬一美元时，仍然只能得到82美分的报酬。对于许多有色人种女性来说，差距甚至更大：黑人女性挣62美分，拉丁裔女性只挣54美分。更重要的是，工资差距甚至延伸到她的退休)”可知，性别工资差距十多年来几乎没有变化，这种性别工资差距会延伸到女性的退休，通过提到这些数字能揭示性别工资差距的严重性。故选A项。
【5题详解】
主旨大意题。由第三段“Having greater access to salary information is helping to speed things up. A new research report by the American Association of University Women shows that the wage gap tends to be smaller in job sectors where pay transparency (透明) is a must. For example, among federal government workers, there’s just a 13 percent pay difference between men and women, and in state government, the gap is about 17 percent. But in private, for-profit companies, where salaries are generally kept under wraps, the gender wage gap jumps to 29 percent. (更方便地获取薪资信息有助于加快缩小性别工资差距速度。美国大学女性协会的一份最新研究报告显示，在薪酬必须透明的就业领域，工资差距往往较小。例如，在联邦政府工作人员中，男女之间的工资差距只有13%，而在州政府中，这一差距约为17%。但在私人盈利性公司，工资通常是保密的，性别工资差距跃升至29%)”可知，薪资信息公开有助于加快缩小性别工资差距速度，薪资信息透明的就业领域，工资差距往往较小，薪资信息保密的就业领域，工资差距往往较大，第三段主要讲公开薪资信息的好处。故选D项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。由第二段中的“Bravo! It’s about time we blew up that old belief that salaries have to stay secret. This is not just a matter of curiosity. Having information about salaries can help narrow the gender wage gap (好极了！是时候打破工资必须保密的旧观念了。这不仅仅是好奇的问题。了解薪资信息有助于缩小性别工资差距)”和最后一段中的“Fortunately, salary information is increasingly available on some websites. (幸运的是，一些网站上的薪资信息越来越多)”可知，作者认为打破工资必须保密的旧观念太好了，这有助于缩小性别工资差距，还认为一些网站上的薪资信息公开是一件幸运的事，可得出作者对分享薪资信息持支持（Favourable）态度。故选B项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。由第二段中的“Having information about salaries can help narrow the gender wage gap (了解薪资信息有助于缩小性别工资差距)”，第三段中的“Having greater access to salary information is helping to speed things up. (更方便地获取薪资信息有助于加快缩小性别工资差距速度)”和最后一段中的“Of course, it’s going to take more than salary transparency to equalize earnings between women and men. (当然，要实现男女收入平等，需要的不仅仅是工资透明度)” 及“The more information women have about how jobs are valued—and what different people earn—the better they will understand their value in the labor market and be able to push for the pay they deserve. (女性掌握的关于工作价值和不同人群收入的信息越多，她们就越能理解自己在劳动力市场中的价值，并能够争取应得的薪酬)”可知，男女存在性别工资差距，而薪资信息公开有助于缩小性别工资差距，实现男女收入平等，帮助女性争取应得的薪酬，因此薪资信息公开很重要、很有用，A项“为什么分享你的收入是值得的”符合文意。故选A项。
C
Monopoly (大富翁) is a very popular board game around the world today, but little is known about its American inventor, Elizabeth Magie, and the philosophy behind her invention.
Born in 1866, Magie was a rebel against the norms and politics of her times. Inspired by Henry George who believed that all men should have an equal right to use the land as they have to breathe air, she challenged the capitalist system of property ownership —in the form of a board game. In 1904, she patented her Landlord’s Game, which consisted of a circuit of streets and landmarks for sale.
Magie’s game contained two sets of rules: The Prosperity rules and the Monopolist rules. The Prosperity rules stated that every player should gain each time someone acquired a new property. The game was won (by all!) when the player starting with the least money doubled his or her fortune. Under Monopolist rules, on the other hand, each player advanced by acquiring properties and collecting rent from all who landed there later. Whoever managed to bankrupt the other players won the game. The purpose of the dual sets of rules, said Magie, was for players to understand how these different approaches to property can lead to different social outcomes: “all win” or “win all.”
The game soon became a hit on college campuses and among Quaker communities, and some people modified the game board. An unemployed player named Charles Darrow sold this modified version to the manufacturer Parker Brothers as his own. However, when the game’s true origin came to light, Parker Brothers bought the patent from Magie for only $500. They then re-launched the game as Monopoly, including only the rules leading to the triumph of one over all. Darrow was publicized as the inventor who had become a millionaire from selling the game. Thus a rags-to-riches myth was created, ironically exemplifying Monopoly’s implicit (含蓄的) values: Chase wealth and crush your opponents if you want to come out on top.
8. What is this passage mainly about?
A. The creation and modification of a board game.
B. A fight between patent owners of a popular game.
C. A socio-economic victory behind a landlord game.
D. The person who became a millionaire from a fun game.
9. What was the main purpose of Magie’s Prosperity rules?
A. To emphasize the value of the capitalist system.
B. To introduce different approaches to obtaining new land.
C. To advocate that all should be rewarded when one acquires wealth.
D. To challenge George’s idea that men should have an equal right to the land.
10. What does “a rags-to-riches myth” refer to in the last paragraph?
A. A modified version of Monopoly.
B. Darrow’s success after selling the game.
C. Parker Brothers’ purchase of Magie’s patent.
D. The popularity of the game on college campuses.
11. Which of the following would best describe Magie’s feelings toward today’s version of her game?
A. Excited. B. Relieved. C. Doubtful. D. Displeased.
【答案】8. A 9. C 10. B 11. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了著名桌游大富翁的由来以及演变。
【8题详解】
文章大意题。根据第一段“Monopoly(大富翁) is a very popular board game around the world today, but little is known about its American inventor, Elizabeth Magie, and the philosophy behind her invention.(《大富翁》是当今世界上一款非常流行的棋类游戏，但人们对其美国发明家伊丽莎白·马奇及其发明背后的哲学知之甚少)”以及全文可知，本篇文章主要介绍了著名桌游大富翁的由来以及演变。故选A。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第二句话“The Prosperity rules stated that every player should gain each time someone acquired a new property. (繁荣规则规定，每次有人获得新财产时，每个玩家都应该获得)”可知，繁荣规则提倡当一个人获得财富时，所有人都应该得到奖励。故选C。
【10题详解】
指代猜测题。根据第四段第二句话“An unemployed player named Charles Darrow sold this modified version to the manufacturer Parker Brothers as his own. (一位名叫查尔斯·达罗的失业球员将这一修改版本作为自己的产品出售给制造商帕克兄弟)”以及倒数第二句话“They then re-launched the game as Monopoly, including only the rules leading to the triumph of one over all. Darrow was publicized as the inventor who had become a millionaire from selling the game.(然后，他们以垄断的形式重新推出了游戏，只包括导致“一胜一负”的规则。达罗被宣传为发明者，他因出售这款游戏而成为百万富翁)”可知，达罗从手无分文的失业球员因出售这款游戏而成为百万富翁。由此可知，换线的单词指“达罗在出售游戏后的成功”。故选B。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段第二句话“ Inspired by Henry George who believed that all men should have an equal right to use the land as they have to breathe air, she challenged the capitalist system of property ownership —in the form of a board game. (受亨利·乔治的启发，她认为所有人都应该享有平等的土地使用权，就像呼吸空气一样。她以棋盘游戏的形式挑战了资本主义的财产所有权制度)”以及第四段最后一句话“Thus a rags-to-riches myth was created, ironically exemplifying Monopoly’s implicit(含蓄的) values: Chase wealth and crush your opponents if you want to come out on top.(于是，一个白手起家的神话诞生了，讽刺的是，它体现了垄断的隐性价值观：追逐财富，如果你想在竞争中脱颖而出，就击败对手)”可知，现在游戏的版本体现了垄断的隐性价值观，和Magie最初的理念是想违背的。由此可推知，她对现在游戏的版本应该是感到不高兴的。故选D。
D
On a dark night, 11-year-old Joe was playing hide-and-seek with his friends in the backyard when he thought he saw Magellan—a huge housecat. However, when the cat suddenly jumped on his head, Joe found it turned out a young cougar. He backed away from the animal, then turned and ran inside the house.
Cougar encounters like this one are becoming increasingly common in the U.S. Most people assume that’s because cougar populations are growing, or because the big cats are coming into closer contact with the expanding web of human suburbs. But Professor Robert Wielgus at Washington State University argues that poorly designed hunting policies might be causing an increase in cougar-human conflicts.
Wielgus’s research teams have been fitting the big cats with radio collars and monitoring their movements. They find that the cougar population is actually declining rapidly and almost no male cougars are over four years of age. And a study shows that the heavily hunted area has five times as many cougar complaints as the lightly hunted area—even though the density of cougars is about the same in both areas.
Wielgus suspects that hunting policies, which allow older males to be killed to keep cougar populations in check, were the culprit and teenage cougars in the heavily hunted area may be responsible for most of the trouble. To test his theory, he adds two more groups of cougars to the tracking program—one in a heavily hunted area and another in a comparable but lightly hunted area. He concludes that heavy hunting indeed almost wipes out older males and the population structure in the heavily hunted area shifts toward younger animals.
With these findings Wielgus believes without adults to keep them under control, the disorderly teens are more likely to come into conflict with humans, farm animals and pets.
Wielgus’s ideas don’t sit well with everyone. “Hunting definitely does cause lots of teenage males to flow in, but I don’t yet see solid proof that they are more likely to cause trouble than older cats,” says the University of Montana’s Robinson. “In many cases, the new arrivals have been squeezed out of remote wilderness habitat and forced into areas where they are more likely to encounter humans. I think humans are primarily responsible for all the interaction you see. We’re moving into these areas where cougars and deer are,” according to Alldredge, a researcher at the Colorado Division of Wildlife.
We may not understand what makes 18-year-old males more likely than 48-year-old men to do dangerous things, Wielgus says, but we know that the world would be a different place, if teenagers were in charge.
12. The passage begins with a story to ________.
A. lead into the topic B. describe an incident
C. show the author’s attitude D. warn of the dangers of cougars
13. The underline word “culprit” in Para. 4 is closest in meaning to ________.
A. effect B. evidence C. cause D. target
14. Which of the following is true?
A. Alldredge agrees hunting results in the arrival of lots of teens.
B. Robinson doubts whether age is a key factor in human-cougar conflicts.
C Alldredge believes killing older males may cause a bigger threat.
D. Robinson holds humans are to blame for the fall of older males.
15. What might Wielgus suggest to reduce cougar attacks?
A. Driving teenage cougars back into their natural habitat.
B. Getting people to move out of the areas where cougars are.
C. Forbidding children to play in the backyard by themselves.
D. Changing hunting policies to ensure a healthy cougar population.
【答案】12. A 13. C 14. B 15. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要是讲专家关于美洲狮管制的看法，说明了为什么会有美洲狮进入人类居住区，且表达了在此管制制度下美洲狮惹出的事端的看法。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。由第一段中的“However, when the cat suddenly jumped on his head, Joe found it turned out a young cougar. (然而，当猫突然跳到他的头上时，乔发现原来是一只年轻的美洲狮)”和第二段中的“Cougar encounters like this one are becoming increasingly common in the U.S. (在美国，这样的美洲狮遭遇正变得越来越普遍)”及下文可知，文章开始讲述了一个孩子被美洲狮袭击的故事，接下来引出专家对于为什么会有美洲狮进入人类居住区的说明，这也是本文的中心主题，因此推断，文章以故事开始是为了引出主题。故选A项。
【13题详解】
词句猜测题。由第三段中的“And a study shows that the heavily hunted area has five times as many cougar complaints as the lightly hunted area—even though the density of cougars is about the same in both areas (一项研究表明，尽管美洲狮在这两个地区的密度大致相同，但重度捕猎地区的美洲狮投诉数量是轻度捕猎地区的五倍)”和第四段中的“Wielgus suspects that hunting policies, which allow older males to be killed to keep cougar populations in check, were the culprit and teenage cougars in the heavily hunted area may be responsible for most of the trouble. (Wielgus怀疑，允许杀死年老雄性美洲狮以控制美洲狮的数量的捕猎政策是culprit，而在被大量捕杀的地区，年轻的美洲狮可能是造成大部分问题的原因)”可知，Wielgus研究发现在过度捕猎区有更多的美洲狮伤人事件发生，他猜测为了控制美洲狮数量，允许杀死年老美洲狮的狩猎制度是“原因（cause）”。故选C项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的““Hunting definitely does cause lots of teenage males to flow in, but I don’t yet see solid proof that they are more likely to cause trouble than older cats,” says the University of Montana’s Robinson. (“狩猎确实会导致很多年轻雄性美洲狮流入，但我还没有看到坚实的证据，表明年轻雄性美洲狮比年老雄性美洲狮更可能造成麻烦，”蒙大拿大学的Robinson说)”可知，Robinson还没有看到坚实的证据表明年轻雄性美洲狮比年老雄性美洲狮更可能造成麻烦（与人类的冲突），说明他怀疑年龄是否是人类与美洲狮冲突的关键因素。故选B项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。由第二段中的“But Professor Robert Wielgus at Washington State University argues that poorly designed hunting policies might be causing an increase in cougar-human conflicts. (但华盛顿州立大学的Robert Wielgus教授认为，设计不当的狩猎政策可能会导致美洲狮人类冲突的增加)”和第四段中的“Wielgus suspects that hunting policies, which allow older males to be killed to keep cougar populations in check, were the culprit and teenage cougars in the heavily hunted area may be responsible for most of the trouble. (Wielgus怀疑，允许杀死年老雄性美洲狮以控制美洲狮的数量的捕猎政策是原因，而在被大量捕杀的地区，年轻的美洲狮可能是造成大部分问题的原因)”可知，Wielgus认为现行的捕猎政策是造成人类与美洲狮冲突的关键因素，因此可得出Wielgus会提出改变狩猎政策，确保美洲狮种群健康。故选D项。
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Have you ever wondered how the trainers at Sea World get the 19,000-pound whale to jump 22 feet out of water and perform tricks? They get that whale to go over a rope farther out of the water than most of us can imagine. ___16___.
So how do the trainers at Sea World do it? The first thing they do is reinforce(强化) the behavior that they want repeated --- in this case, to get the whale to go over the rope.___17___, in a position where the whale can’t help but do what’s expected of it. Every time the whale goes over the rope, it’s given positive reinforcement and gets fed with fish. But what happened when the whale goes under the rope? Nothing — no criticism, no warning and no feedback. ___18___.
Positive reinforcement is the key of that simple principle that produces such splendid results. And as the whale begins to go over the rope more often than under, the trainers begin to raise the rope. It must be raised slowly enough so that the whale doesn’t starve.
___19___. Make a big deal out of the good and little stuff that we want consistently. Secondly, under-criticize. People know they need help when they mess up. ___20___, people will not forget the event and usually will not repeat it.
So we need to set up the circumstances so that people can’t fail. Over-celebrate, under-criticize…and know how far to raise the rope.
A. This is a great challenge
B. And the whale stays right where it is
C. If we figure out a way to motivate the whale
D. They start with the rope below the surface of the water
E. If we under-criticize, punish and discipline less than expected
F. Whales are taught that their negative behavior won’t be acknowledged
G. The simple lesson to be learned from the whale trainers is to over-celebrate
【答案】16. A 17. D 18. F 19. G 20. E
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，用训练员训练鲸鱼的例子告诉我们要营造一个好的环境，让人们可能少地面对失败，就如大加赞赏、不作批评。
【16题详解】
根据本空前的“Have you ever wondered how the trainers at Sea World get the 19,000-pound whale to jump 22 feet out of water and perform tricks?”可知，你想过海洋世界的训练员是如何让一头重达19,000磅的鲸鱼跳出水面22英尺和表演特技的么？此处承接上文，说的是这并不是简单的事情，故A项（这是一个巨大的挑战）符合语境。
【17题详解】
根据本空前的“The first thing they do is reinforce the behavior that they want repeated --- in this case, to get the whale to go over the rope.”可知，他们做的第一件事就是强化他们想要重复的行为——在这种情况下，让鲸鱼越过绳索，此处承接上文，讲的还是关于绳索的话题，故D项（他们从水面以下的绳索开始）符合语境。
【18题详解】
根据本空前的“But what happened when the whale goes under the rope? Nothing — no criticism, no warning and no feedback.”可知，鲸鱼钻到绳索下面会发生什么呢？没有批评，没有警告，也没有反馈，此处解释没有批评，没有警告，也没有反馈的原因，故F项（因为我们不可能教会鲸鱼承认它们的错误）符合语境。
【19题详解】
根据本空后的“Make a big deal out of the good and little stuff that we want consistently.”可知，让它们多点成功，偶尔有点小失败，故G项（从鲸鱼训练员那里学会的最简单的道理就是大加赞赏）符合语境。
【20题详解】
根据本空后的“people will not forget the event and usually will not repeat it”可知，人们通常不会忘记这件事，通常也不会再犯相同的错误，故E项（如果我们没有过多给予他们预期的批评、惩罚和职责时）符合语境。
【点睛】本篇七选五的难度在于语言不能按字面意思理解，本文以训练员训练鲸鱼为例告诉我们要营造一个好的环境——大加赞赏、不作批评，让人们可能少地面对失败。本篇第4题难度最大，关键在于对“Make a big deal out of the good and little stuff that we want consistently.”这句话的理解，这句话的字面意思是对我们希望不断出现的小事要打架吹捧，而在这里应该理解为让它们多点成功，偶尔有点小失败，强调赞赏的作用，所以此处是说从鲸鱼训练员那里学会的最简单的道理就是大加赞赏。
第二部分：语言运用 (共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Generous billionaires are not hard to come by, but it is definitely a challenge to find a billionaire who spends all his fortune on charity just to end up broke. This is ____21____ what happened to “former” American billionaire Charles Feeney.
Feeney, who grew up in a poor neighborhood of New Jersey, is a ____22____ at finding business opportunities. Since childhood, he would take any job to make a few cents for his family — jobs like ____23____ umbrellas in summer and selling Christmas cards in winter. In his college years at Cornell University, he sold home-made sandwiches to other students and is still ____24____ there as the Sandwich Man. Then, in the 1960s, Feeney ____25____ airport retailer Duty Free Shoppers (DFS), which helped him reach his billionaire ____26____ by the 1980s. However, Feeney never felt ____27____ with the lifestyle of the wealthy. He lived modestly, and often thought of what to do with all the money he made.
Influenced by his own experience, Feeney decided to give away all his money to those in need in his lifetime. In 1984, the then 53-year-old Feeney ____28____ everything — his DFS shares and the various businesses and ____29____ he had acquired worldwide — to Atlantic Philanthropies, a charity ____30____ he established. In the following decades, Feeney donated through the organization more than $8 billion anonymously (匿名地), to charities, universities, human rights ____31____, and foundations worldwide. Such incredible secret generosity ____32____ him the title “James Bond of Philanthropy” from Forbes magazine.
____33____ the idea of “Giving while Living,” Feeney is a ____34____ model for many famous billionaires today, including Bill Gates and Warren Buffet. He encourages people to donate at least half their fortunes before death. In September 2020, Feeney’s go-for-broke mission was ____35____, and he now lives happily with his wife on a pension (养老金) in a modest apartment in San Francisco.
21. A. truly B. exactly C. genuinely D. absolutely
22. A. target B. genius C. crossing D. professor
23. A. producing B. presenting C. optimizing D. distributing
24. A. identified B. determined C. memorized D. remembered
25. A. built B. owned C. formed D. established
26. A. fame B. status C. honor D. career
27. A. at all B. at ease C. in satisfaction D. in comparison
28. A. put off B. paid off C. gave over D. signed over
29. A. strength B. abilities C. properties D. achievements
30. A. firm B. agency C. foundation D. manufacture
31. A. campaigns B. explorations C. declarations D. investigations
32. A. won B. owed C. praised D. managed
33. A. Proving B. Benefiting C. Pioneering D. Motivating
34. A. role B. hint C. icon D. base
35. A. stroke B. satisfied C. completed D. compromised
【答案】21. B 22. B 23. D 24. D 25. D 26. B 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. C 31. A 32. A 33. C 34. A 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了“前”美国亿万富翁查尔斯·菲尼的发家史以及他最终把所有财富都花在慈善事业上的事情。
【21题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：这正是发生在“前”美国亿万富翁查尔斯·菲尼身上的事情。A. truly真地；B. exactly恰好地；C. genuinely真诚地；D. absolutely绝对地。根据上文“Generous billionaires are not hard to come by, but it is definitely a challenge to find a billionaire who spends all his fortune on charity just to end up broke.(慷慨的亿万富翁并不难找，但要找到一个把所有财富都花在慈善事业上，最后却破产的亿万富翁，无疑是一项挑战)”可知，这里指上文提到的事情恰好发生在了“前”美国亿万富翁查尔斯·菲尼身上。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：菲尼在新泽西州的一个贫困社区长大，在寻找商业机会方面是个天才。A. target目标；B. genius天才；C. crossing交叉口；D. professor教授。根据后文“Since childhood, he would take any job to make a few cents for his family — jobs like umbrellas in summer and selling Christmas cards in winter.”可知菲尼在寻找商业机会方面是个天才。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：从孩提时代起，为了给家里挣点钱，他什么工作都愿意做——夏天分发雨伞，冬天卖圣诞卡。A. producing产生；B. presenting呈现；C. optimizing最佳化；D. distributing配送。根据后文“umbrellas in summer and selling Christmas cards in winter.”可知，此处指夏天配送雨伞，故选D。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在康奈尔大学读书期间，他向其他学生出售自制三明治，至今仍被称为“三明治人”。A. identified鉴定；B. determined决定；C. memorized记住；D. remembered记得。根据still和后文“there as the Sandwich Man”指菲尼在大学仍然被称为“三明治人”，被人铭记。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，在20世纪60年代，菲尼成立了机场零售商免税店，这帮助他在20世纪80年代成为亿万富翁。A. built建造；B. owned拥有；C. formed形成；D. established成立。根据后文“airport retailer Duty Free Shoppers”指成立机场零售商免税店，故选D。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，在20世纪60年代，菲尼成立了机场零售商免税店，这帮助他在20世纪80年代成为亿万富翁。A. fame名誉；B. status地位；C. honor荣誉；D. career事业。根据上文“which helped him reach his billionaire”可知，机场零售商免税店帮助他在20世纪80年代取得了亿万富翁的地位。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：然而，菲尼从未对富人的生活方式感到自在。A. at all根本；B. at ease安逸；C. in satisfaction满意；D. in comparison相比之下。根据后文“He lived modestly, and often thought of what to do with all the money he made.(他生活简朴，经常考虑如何处理他赚到的所有钱)”可知，菲尼从未对富人的生活方式感到自在。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：1984年，时年53岁的菲尼将他在DFS的股份、在全球范围内获得的各种企业和财产等全部转让给了他建立的慈善基金会大西洋慈善基金会。A. put off推迟；B. paid off付清；C. gave over停止；D. signed over签字转让。根据后文“to Atlantic Philanthropies, a charity ”指菲尼把自己的财产进行了转让，故选D。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：1984年，时年53岁的菲尼将他在DFS的股份、在全球范围内获得的各种企业和财产等全部转让给了他建立的慈善基金会大西洋慈善基金会。A. strength力量；B. abilities能力；C. properties财产；D. achievements成就。根据上文“everything—his DFS shares and the various businesses and”以及后文“he had acquired worldwide—to Atlantic Philanthropies”可知，菲尼把自己的财产进行了转让，故选C。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：1984年，时年53岁的菲尼将他在DFS的股份、在全球范围内获得的各种企业和财产等全部转让给了他建立的慈善基金会大西洋慈善基金会。A. firm公司；B. agency代理；C. foundation基金会；D. manufacture制造业。根据上文“a charity”可知，指慈善基金会大西洋慈善基金会。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的几十年里，菲尼通过该组织匿名向世界各地的慈善机构、大学、人权运动和基金会捐赠了80多亿美元。A. campaigns活动；B. explorations探索；C. declarations声明；D. investigations调查。根据上文“human rights”指给人权运动捐款。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种令人难以置信的秘密慷慨为他赢得了《福布斯》杂志“慈善界的詹姆斯·邦德”的称号。A. won赢得；B. owed欠；C. praised赞美；D. managed管理。根据后文“him the title “James Bond of Philanthropy” from Forbes magazine”可知，菲尼的慷慨行为为他赢得了《福布斯》杂志“慈善界的詹姆斯·邦德”的称号。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：菲尼开创了“边生活边给予”的理念，是当今许多著名亿万富翁的榜样，包括比尔·盖茨和沃伦·巴菲特。A. Proving证明；B. Benefiting受益；C. Pioneering做先锋，开创；D. Motivating激励。根据后文“the idea of “Giving while Living,””和“Feeney is a model for many famous billionaires today”指菲尼开创了“边生活边给予”的理念，故选C。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：菲尼开创了“边生活边给予”的理念，是当今许多著名亿万富翁的榜样，包括比尔·盖茨和沃伦·巴菲特。A. role角色；B. hint暗示；C. icon图标；D. base基础。根据后文“model for many famous billionaires”指是菲尼当今许多著名亿万富翁的榜样，role model“榜样”。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：2020年9月，菲尼孤注一掷的使命完成了，现在他和妻子在旧金山的一套普通公寓里靠养老金幸福地生活。A. stroke击球；B. satisfied满足；C. completed完成；D. compromised妥协。根据上文“Feeney’s go-for-broke mission was”和下文“and he now lives happily with his wife on a pension (养老金) in a modest apartment in San Francisco.”指菲尼完成了自己的使命。故选C。
第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
Wealth ___36___ (start) with a goal and saving a dollar at a time. Call it the piggy bank strategy. There are lessons in that time-honored coin-savings container. When_______37_______(reduce) to baby steps, any huge task at last seems easier. If you want to take a really nice trip in 10 years for a special occasion, to collect the $15, 000 cost, $3. 93 a day has to___38___(save)a day.
When I was a child, my parents gave me a piggy bank to teach me that, if I wanted something, I should save money to buy ______39______. We associate piggy banks with children, ______40______in many countries, the little containers are also popular with adults.___41___ (Europe)see a piggy bank as a sign of good fortune and wealth.
___42___(original) you had to break the bank to get to the money, bringing in a sense of seriousness into savings. While piggy banks teach children the wisdom of saving, large quantities of information about saving _______43_______(be) also to be updated for adults. Think about such things in life _____44_____require large amounts of money - college education, weddings, and cars. So when you have money, take off the top 10%, put it___45___, save and invest wisely.
【答案】36. starts
37. reduced
38. be saved
39. it 40. but/ while
41. Europeans
42. Originally
43. are 44. as
45. aside
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了储蓄罐策略。作者告诉人们要学会储蓄，积少成多，最终才能拥有财富。
【36题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：财富始于一个目标，一次节省一美元。分析句子，本句为一般现在时，start是句子的谓语，主语是抽象名词wealth，所以谓语用单数。故填starts。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：当被简化到一步一步的时候，任何巨大的任务最终似乎都会变得更容易。when引导状语从句时，如果从句主语和主句主语一致，则可以省略从句主语，而且当从句主语与谓语是被动关系的时候,省略主语和be动词，保留谓语的过去分词形式。本题中从句谓语reduce与句子any huge task是被动关系。故填reduced。
【38题详解】
考查不定式的被动。句意：如果你想在十年后为一个特殊的场合进行一次真正美好的旅行，那就攒够15000美元的费用，也就是一天必须节省3.93美元。根据句意，不定式to save与其逻辑主语$3. 93 a day是被动关系，所以用不定式的被动。故填be saved。
【39题详解】
考查代词。句意：当我还是个孩子的时候，我父母给了我一个存钱罐，教我如果我想要什么东西，我应该存钱去买。buy是及物动词，后面需要接宾语，根据句意，空格内容指代something，故填it。
【40题详解】
考查连词。句意：我们把存钱罐和孩子联系起来，但是在许多国家，这个小容器也很受成年人的欢迎。根据句意，前后句子是转折关系，也可以理解成前后情况对比比较。均符合题意。故填but/ while。
【41题详解】
考查名词。句意：欧洲人把存钱罐看作是好运和财富的象征。根据句意，这里指欧洲人，放在句首，且根据谓语动词可知用复数形式。故填Europeans。
【42题详解】
考查副词。句意：最初，你必须打破储蓄罐才能拿到钱，这给储蓄带来了一种严肃感。根据句意，空格作状语，所以用副词且放在句首。故填Originally。
【43题详解】
考查主谓一致。句意：虽然存钱罐教会孩子们储蓄的智慧，但大量有关储蓄的信息也要为成年人更新。分析句子，当large quantities of…这样的形式作主语时，其谓语动词一律用复数(与其中名词的数无关)，且句子是一般现在时，故填are。
【44题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：想想生活中需要大量金钱的事情——大学教育、婚礼和汽车。在限制性定语从句中，先行词被so,as,such,the same修饰时，关系代词只能用as, as在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。分析句子，先行词things有such修饰，故填as。
【45题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：所以，当你有钱的时候，把前10%去掉，放在一边，存钱，明智地投资。根据句意，put aside“把…放在一边；把…...留待以后使用”符合题意。故填aside。
第三部分：写作 (共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，你和家人住在向Mr. Smith租的房子里。你对一些家具的状况不满意，且曾向房东反馈无果。请给Mr. Smith写一封信，内容包括：
1. 自我介绍，
2. 指出问题，
3. 期待解决。
注意：
1. 词数80个左右，开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Mr. Smith,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Mr. Smith,
I’m your renter from Flat 3 on Riverside Street and I’m writing to complain about the furniture.
As you may remember, the dining table is in poor condition and has uneven legs, which doesn’t match the chairs as these are too low to be comfortable. When I first pointed this out to you, you agreed to provide a brand new dining set. However, you haven’t done so and I would really like to resolve it.
If convenient, perhaps you could simply replace the table by finding a suitable height for the chairs, which would solve the problems without too much cost. Hope you would agree and looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是李华，你和家人住在向Mr. Smith租的房子里。你对一些家具的状况不满意，且曾向房东反馈无果。请给Mr. Smith写一封信。
【详解】1.词汇积累
指出：point out→show clearly
记起：remember→think of
提供：provide→offer
代替：replace→take place of
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句： I’m your renter from Flat 3 on Riverside Street and I’m writing to complain about the furniture.
拓展句：I’m your renter, who is from Flat 3 on Riverside Street, and I’m writing to complain about the furniture.
【点睛】[高分句型1] When I first pointed this out to you, you agreed to provide a brand new dining set. (运用了when引导时间状语从句)
[高分句型2] If convenient, perhaps you could simply replace the table by finding a suitable height for the chairs, which would solve the problems without too much cost. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句)
第二节 (满分25分)
47. 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
Whatever life threw at us each year, come Christmas our family had one constant tradition: our dog Pepper opened our presents for us. Watching our sweet dog unwrap gifts always warmed the holiday, which was often a little bittersweet because college, studying abroad, or work commitments often kept my two sisters and me away.
One year, everyone made it home for a Christmas together. I visited from college, Kaci flew in from Arizona, and Kara was back from Ireland. Mom’s jubilance kept her busy baking cookies for us all. Our Christmas season should have been perfect.
It couldn’t feel perfect, though, because Pepper’s health was deteriorating. Her life had already been longer than we expected —she was fourteen —and yet her mind was still sharp. Her enthusiasm for life made us feel better. But her body could not keep up with her spirit. She’d already shown the usual signs of deafness and stiffness. That year, her hips and back legs started giving out on her. We knew we would soon have to make a difficult decision.
It was likely Pepper’s last Christmas, so we decided to make sure she enjoyed it. On Christmas Eve, we gathered around the tree to open an early present. We each took a turn and then called Pepper to open one more. But her tangled legs could not navigate the boxes and shredded wrapping paper on the floor. She stumbled over the obstacles, and soon she disappeared into the next room. She crumpled back to the floor, as out of the way as she could get.
We were heartbroken. Could Pepper even participate in her last Christmas? Pepper stayed on the periphery of all our holiday activities. Throughout the day, we gave gifts but did not feel very giving. We shared stories over cinnamon rolls that tasted bland. We played games by the tree whose twinkles had dimmed.
That evening, Kaci said what we’d all been thinking: “I wish Pepper could have helped open presents this year.” We all put down our mugs of spiced tea. “Maybe she still could,” Kara said. “But there’s none left,” Mom reminded her. Kara jumped up and left the room. We heard her opening drawers and cabinets in the kitchen.
注意：(1)字数150左右，
(2)请按如下格式在答题纸上作答。
Kara returned with a box of dog biscuits, scissors, a pile of color paper, and a roll of tape.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Soon, Pepper selected her first Christmas gift.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
Kara returned with a box of dog biscuits, scissors, a pile of color paper, and a roll of tape. She cut a small section from the paper and wrapped a single dog treat in it. She held it up as if she had just struck gold. “Now there’s a present for her!” I knelt on the floor next to Kara and wrapped another. Kaci and Mom joined in, too. Soon, we had four elegantly wrapped dog biscuits in a row on the floor. we cleared the floor of discarded wrapping paper. “Go get Pepper,” we urged, bouncing eagerly. Mom went into the next room. “You wanna open a present, girl” she coaxed. In a moment, Pepper stuck her head into the room, ears fully perked with anticipation and curiosity. Skidded on stilted legs to the row of presents, she sniffed all four in order and looked back and forth. She d never had such a wide choice before.
Soon, Pepper selected her first Christmas gift. She nimbly turned the present with her forepaw, just like she was a spry young dog once more. She tugged every last scrap of paper off the dog treat before she chewed it with her customary grace. Our family swelled with glee. Pepper licked the last crumb from the floor. She eyed the remaining three presents, then turned to Mom as if asking, “May I please open another?” “Go ahead, girl!” Mom encouraged. For the next few minutes, Pepper opened each of her Christmas presents. While she did, she reminded us of the sheer joy of being together. Our family felt whole — not because we were in the same room, city, or country, but because our love bonded us together.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者家每年总是让他们家的狗Pepper来拆圣诞礼物，但是Pepper的年纪越来越大了，健康状况很不好。于是今年家人们为Pepper准备了礼物，让Pepper自己来拆。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“Kara拿着一盒狗饼干、剪刀、一堆彩纸和一卷胶带回来了。”可知，第一段可描写Kara为Pepper准备礼物的过程。
②由第二段首句内容“很快，Pepper选择了她的第一份圣诞礼物。”可知，第二段可描写Pepper拆礼物的经过和作者的感悟。
2.续写线索：Kara准备礼物——让Pepper拆礼物——开始拆礼物——作者感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
回来：return / get back
打开：open /unfold
进入：go into/ get into
情绪类
期待：anticipation/ expectation
快乐：joy /happiness
【点睛】[高分句型1] She held it up as if she had just struck gold. (运用了as if引导方式状语从句)
[高分句型2] Our family felt whole — not because we were in the same room, city, or country, but because our love bonded us together. (运用了because引导原因状语从句)
听力答案：1-20 CCBBC ACCAC CABAC BCAAB
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