(新高考)高考英语二轮复习讲义+典例训练高频解密07 非谓语动词（2份打包，解析版+原卷版）

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高考英语二轮复习讲义+典例训练
高频解密07 非谓语动词
考点详解



【命题趋势】
非谓语动词是动词用法中最为复杂的部分之一，它不仅有时态的变化、语态的不同，而且还要格外注意其所表达的逻辑关系，这些都是非谓语动词用法的难点。
近年来，高考对该语法现象的渗透日趋明显和突出，所牵扯到的焦点问题主要有：现在分词和过去分词基础知识；现在分词和过去分词句法功能；现在分词和过去分词用法的区别和辨析；现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态及其构成；现在分词和过去分词在上下文中的联系和纽带作用等。
另外，对于动词不定式主要考查一些固定搭配、固定句型和在句子中的句法功能；对于动名词主要考查在一些动词后作宾语的用法等。
【考法指导】
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。非谓语动词一直是高考中的热点。解答非谓语动词的题目时，一定要解析句子结构，确定所设空是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，以及非谓语动词在句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补)；找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被动)；搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式。非谓语题的解题总方法如下：
1. 先看四个答案：如果四个答案分别为动词原形、不定式、现在分词、过去分词等情况，那么这个题多半
是非谓语动词题。
2. 看符号：中间有个逗号，末尾有个句号（有时中间没有逗号）；
3. 看有没有连接词（引导词）。如果用逗号隔开的两个部分都没有连接词的话，一部分是句子时，那么另一
部分就一定是非句子，而非句子里的动词就是非谓语动词。
4. 定语态：如果本句的主语（或动词自带的逻辑主语）与它是逻辑上的主谓关系，那么答案一般用现在分
词；如果本句的主语（或动词自带的逻辑主语）与它是逻辑上的动宾关系（被动关系），那么答案一般
用过去分词。
5. 定时态：如果非谓语的动作比谓语先（或先很久）发生，那么非谓语动词要用完成式（to have done/to have
been done/ having done/ Having been done），否则我们要用非谓语的一般式（to do / to be done / doing / being
done / done）。
考向1 非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语


一、动名词和不定式作主语

能作主语的非谓语动词有不定式和动名词。二者的区别是：
表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式；
表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多用动名词。
动名词作主语时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it 作形式主语放在句首。
▶Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here. (抽象)
▶It is not very good for you to smoke so much. (具体)
注意：
①如果表语是不定式，主语也是不定式；表语是动名词，主语也是动名词。如：
▶To see is to believe.＝Seeing is believing.
②常用动名词作主语的句型：





▶It’s no use complaining without taking action.不采取行动只是抱怨是没有用的。

（2018·北京卷·单项填空）_________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience
A. Travel B. Traveling C. Having traveled D. Traveled
【参考答案】B
【答案解析】考查动名词。句意：沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。“____ along the old Silk Road”作主语，要用动名词，故B选项正确。
二、动名词和不定式作宾语
1. 下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀
决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。
主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。
decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope/wish; refuse，manage，care，pretend; offer，promise，choose， plan; agree，ask/beg，help。
此外，afford，strive，happen，wait，threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。
☞She pretended not to see me when I passed by.当我经过时，她假装没看见我。
2. 有些动词只能用动名词作宾语,巧记动词后跟动名词的口诀： 
避免错过少延期， 建议完成多练习， 
喜欢想象禁不住，承认否定与妒忌， 
逃脱冒险莫原谅，忍受保持不在意。  
avoid, miss, delay,  suggest, finish, practice, enjoy, imagine, resist, admit, deny , envy,  escape, risk, pardon,  stand, keep, mind
☞I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon.
今天下午如果你能给我回电话，我将非常感激。
3. 注意区别下列动词后接不定式和动名词
①forget to do sth.　　忘记要去做某事(此事未做)
forget doing sth.　　忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)
remember to do sth.　　记得去做某事(未做)
remember doing sth.　　记得做过某事(已做)
②stop to do　　停止(某件事)，目的是去做另一件事
stop doing　　停止正在或经常做的事
go on to do　　继续(去做另外一件事情)
go on doing　　继续(原先没有做完的事情)
③regret to do sth.　　对要做的事感到遗憾(遗憾地要去做某事)
regret doing sth.　　对过去做过的事或未做过的事感到后悔(后悔做过或未做过某事)
④try to do　　努力、企图做
try doing　　试验、试一试某种办法
⑤mean to do　　(人)打算，有意要……
mean doing　　(物)意味着
⑥can't help (to) do sth.　　不能帮助做某事
can't help doing sth.　　情不自禁做某事

1.（2018·新课标I卷·语法填空）You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ___63___ (die) early by running.
【参考答案】seeing
【试题解析】考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处作of的宾语，其后用动名词。故填dying。
2. After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on all the people who had helped in her career.
A. to thank B. thanking
C. having thanked D. to have thanked
【参考答案】A
【试题解析】句意：在获得奥斯卡最佳女配角后，Anne Benedict继续感谢所有帮助她演绎生涯的人。go on to do继续做不同的事情，所以选A。
三、不定式、动名词和分词作表语
作表语用的非谓语动词有：不定式(to do)，动名词(doing)，和分词(done，doing)
■ 不定式作表语
①Her wish was to become an artist.
她的愿望是成为一位艺术家。
②The most important thing is to put theory into practice.
最重要的是要把理论应用到实践。
③Our aim is to help them，not to teach them a lesson.
我们的目的是帮助他们，而不是教训他们。
■ 动名词作表语
①My job is teaching.(Teaching is my job.)
②Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见。
■ 分词作表语
首先做一些练习
①The situation is____(encourage).
②The door remained____(lock) when he came again.
【答案】①encouraging ②locked
总结：surprise，interest，excite，puzzle，disappoint，astonish，encourage，inspire，shock，move等及物动词用作表语时，要看其与主语的关系。如果与主语为主动关系，则用-ing形式，表示主语的特征。如果是被动关系，用-done这种形式，表示主语的状态。
☞The news astonished us.
这句话就表明了the news与astonish为主动关系。astonish与us为被动关系。那么就可以直接得出以下两个句子：
☞The news was astonishing.
☞We were astonished(by the news)

1.（2018·新课标III 卷·语法填空）I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ____64____(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel____65____(challenge).
【参考答案】64.looking 65.challenged　
【答案解析】64.动词avoid后要加doing。此处表示避免直接看他的眼睛。用looking。
65.根据语境可知，此处表示不直视他的眼睛，他就不会感到被挑战。feel为系动词，表示“被挑战”，用过去分词challenged作表语。
考向2 非谓语动词作定语


高考对非谓语动词作定语的考查主要包括以下几个方面的内容：　　

不定式作定语；　　
-ing分词作定语；　　
-ed分词作定语。
1．不定式作定语　　　
① 不定式作定语常用于不定代词或被the first/next/only/last等修饰的名词和其他一些名词、代词之后。其中， 不定式的一般式通常表示一个将来或经常性的动作，完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作
之前。　　　　
☞She is always the first (one) to come and the last to leave.　　　
② 如果作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词有动宾关系,在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词.　　　　
☞Let's first find a room to live in / to put the things in.　　　　　
☞We have nothing to worry about.(=There is nothing for us to worry about.)　　　
③ 不定式作定语修饰一个在逻辑上是其宾语名词时,若在句子中能找到该不定式的逻辑主语, 则该不定式
多用主动表被动，否则，用被动式。　　　　
☞I have a lot of things to do today. ( I ... do ... things)　　　　　　　
☞Have you got anything to say at the meeting? ( you... say ... anything)　　　　　　　
☞Here is a letter to be taken to Mr. Li.　　　　　　　
在there be句型中，有时用主动式或被动式意思不同。比较：

There is nothing to do at present.(=We have nothing to do at present.)　　　　　　　
There is nothing to be done at present.(= We can do nothing at present.)　　
2．-ing分词作定语　　　
① 单个的-ing分词作定语一般前置,说明名词的性质、特征或用途等,-ing短语作定语一般后置；强调动作的
单个-ing分词也常后置。　　　　
a sleeping car ( = a car for sleeping )　　　　a sleeping child ( = a child who is sleeping )　　　　　　　 the boy standing there ( = the boy who is standing there )　　　　　　　
The girl singing is my classmate.　　　
② -ing分词作定语一般要求其动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或是在说话时该动作正在进行，否则，
要用从句作定语。　　　　
☞Do you know the boy talking ( = who is talking ) to the teacher?　　　　　　　
☞Did you notice the boy sitting ( = who was sitting ) at this desk yesterday?　　　　　　　
☞The man shaking ( = who is now shaking ) hands with Mr. Li visited our class yesterday. 　　　　
比较：
【误】He is the man visiting our class yesterday. 　　　　　　　
【正】He is the man who visited our class yesterday. 　　
3．-ed分词作定语 　　　
-ed分词作定语一般表示一个被动或已完成动作,-ing分词表示一个主动或正在进行的动作。 　　
a developed/developing country 　　　　　
He is a student loved by all the teachers. 　　　　　
The building being built will be the third Teaching Building of our school. 　　

(2017·北京) Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time ________ with his students.
A. to spend B. spend
C. spending D. spent
【参考答案】D　
【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，________ with his students是非谓语动词短语作后置定语，且“时光”是被度过，而且这里指的是“已经被度过的时光”，故选 D。句意：吉姆已经退休了，但他仍然记得跟学生们一起度过的快乐时光。
考向3 非谓语动词作补语


1. 带to的不定式（ to do ）作宾补的动词，常见的有：
ask, invite, tell, want, encourage, wish, expect, beg, request, require, advise, order, force, cause, allow, permit, forbid, warn, remind, teach, send, call on, wait for, would like / love / prefer等表示劝请、要求类动词后，用带to的不定式作宾补。
☞ The teacher asked us to finish our homework．老师叫我们完成家庭作业。
☞ She wanted him to sing for her friends．她想让他为她的朋友唱歌。
☞ The policeman told the boys not to play in the street．警察告诉孩子们别在街上玩耍。
2. 常见的接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词：
一感：feel 二听：hear, listen to 三让：let, make, have
四看：see, watch, notice, observe
半帮助：help sb. to do/do sth.
表示某人做某事的全过程或某事发生的全过程，强调事物的发生和结束。
☞I saw him leave a few minutes ago.
我看见他几分钟前离开了。
☞To learn English well，we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible.
为了学好英语，我们应该尽可能多地找机会听英语。
☞The teacher raised his voice in order to make himself heard.
那个老师提高了嗓门以便别人能听到他。
3. V-ing形式作宾补
V-ing形式作宾补，表示动作的过程，即动作正在进行，尚未结束。宾语与宾补之间是主动的逻辑主谓关系。
☞I hear someone knocking at the door.
☞I’m sorry to keep you waiting for a long time.
4. V-ed形式作宾补
着重动作完成，表明动作的结果，它与宾语之间是被动的逻辑主谓关系。
☞He saw the thief caught by the police.
☞I’m going to have my hair cut.

1.(2018·天津卷·单项填空) I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs___________.
A. taking B. taken
C. being taken D. take
【参考答案】B
【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我需要一个新护照，所以我将不得不拍照片。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语，宾语my photograph与补足语之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。C项表示正在进行。故选B。
2.(2018·新课标III卷·语法填空)Once his message was delivered, he allowed me ____70____ (stay)and watch.
【参考答案】
【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。此处allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事，动词不定式作宾补，应该用to stay。
3. Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it _____ live is quite another.
A. perform B. performing
C. to perform D. being performed
【参考答案】D
【答案解析】句意：在家里面听音乐是一回事，去到现场听又是另一回事。hear sb./sth. doing sth表听到某人/某物做某事。由于音乐是被演奏的，所以需要被动，所以选D。
考向4 非谓语动词作状语


1．不定式作状语
(1)作目的状语。注意其他非谓语动词形式不能用作目的状语。
☞To keep themselves awake they sat on the floor and told each other stories.
为了不至于睡着，他们坐在地板上轮流着讲故事。
(2)作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果，经常与only连用。
☞We hurried to the station，only to be told that the train had left.
我们急匆匆赶到车站，结果被告知火车已开走了。
(3)作原因状语
①形容词或过去分词作表语时，后面可接不定式作原因状语。常见词有：happy，lucky，sorry，proud，
disappointed，surprised，ready，delighted，clever，foolish，pleased等。
☞We’re proud to be young people of China.
作为中国青年我们感到自豪。
②在“主语＋系动词＋表语(形容词)＋to do”结构中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容
词有：easy，difficult，important，interesting，pleasant，comfortable，dangerous等。
☞The chair is very comfortable to sit on.
这把椅子坐上去很舒服。

1.(2018·新课标II卷·语法填空) The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ___64___ (improve) water quality.
【参考答案】to improve 　
【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了改善水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。没有连词可以且谓语动词是encourages，故improve应该用非谓语动词。此处表示目的，故用不定式。故填to improve。
2.(2018·北京卷·单项填空) During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.
A. share B. to share C. having shared D. shared
【参考答案】B
【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在中秋节期间，家人们通常会聚在一起吃饭，赏月，品尝月饼。gather是谓语动词，“_________ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes”是状语，家人聚在一起的目的是吃饭，赏月，品尝月饼，表目的用动词不定式，故B选项正确。
3. (2017·北京·单项填空)Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online ________ their valuable time.
A. save B. saving
C. to save D. saved
【参考答案】C　
【答案解析】 考查非谓语动词。此处动词不定式表示目的， 故答案为C。句意：现在很多航空公司为节省乘客的时间所以允许他们在线打印登机牌。其它选项不符合语境及题意。
2. (2017·天津·单项填空)I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train ________.
A. catching B. caught
C. to catch D. to be caught
【参考答案】C　
【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。主语I与catch是主动关系，且catch动作未发生，因此需用不定式的主动形式表达被动含义，作train的定语。句意：整个会议期间，我一直在看表，因为我要赶一班火车。
2．分词作状语(表时间、原因、条件、结果、方式或伴随、让步等)
(1)作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。
☞Satisfied with what he did，the teacher praised him in class.
由于老师对他所做的事情很满意，于是在班上表扬了他。
(2)若现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用现在分词的完成形式(having done)。
☞Having cleaned the desks，we began reading.
擦完桌子后，我们便开始看书。
(3)若与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词动作发生，用现在分词完成式的被动形式(having been done)。
☞Having been shown the classrooms，we were taken to see the library.
我们被领着看了教室后，又被带去看图书馆。
(4)如句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，则要用过去分词(done)。
☞Seen from the top of the mountain，the city is very beautiful.
从山顶上看，这座城市很漂亮。
(5)如句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，就用现在分词形式(doing)。
☞Seeing from the top of the hill，we find the park even more beautiful.
从山顶上看，我们发现这个公园显得更加美丽。

(2017·天津) The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, ________ more patients to be treated.
A. being allowed B. allowing
C. having allowed D. allowed
【参考答案】B　
【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。“医院引进新的医疗设备”和“更多的病人得到治疗”之间是主动的关系，因此用v.­ing形式。此处用现在分词短语作结果状语，故选B项。句意：医院最近引进了新的医疗设备，从而使更多的病人得到治疗。
难点详解



独立主格结构
（一）独立主格结构的形式
独立结构可分为两部分，一部分事名词或代词（主格），起着逻辑主语的作用；另一部分由形容词、副词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等构成，表示前面名词或代词的状态或动作。
1. 名词/代词+形容词
☞I heard that she got injured in the accident , my heart full of worry.
我听说她在这次事故中受了伤，内心充满担忧。
☞He stood silent in the moon-light, his door open .月光下，门开着，他默默地站在那。
2. 名词/代词+现在分词
☞Winter coming ，it gets colder and colder. 冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。
☞The rain having stopped ,he went out for a walk. 雨停了，他出去散散步。
3. 名词/代词+过去分词
☞More time given ,we should have done it much better.
如果给我们更多时间，我们会做的更好。
☞The boy stood there , his right hand raised.
那个男生站在那里，右手高举。
4. 名词/代词（主格）+不定式
☞Here are the first two volumes , the third one to come out next month.
这是前俩卷，第三卷将于下雨问世。
☞The two boy said good-bye to each other ,one to go home ,the other to go to his friend\s
两个男孩彼此道了别，一个回了家，另一个去了他朋友家。
5. 名词/代词+介词短语
☞The huntsman entered the forest ,gun in hand.
那个猎人手里提着枪走进了树林。
注意：这里 gun in hand 还可以说成 with a gun in hand。 但不可以说 a gun in hand 或 gun in his hand。
6. 名词/代词+副词
☞Nobody in ,the thief took a lot of things away.
由于没有人，小偷拿走了许多东西。
☞Lunch over ,he left the house .But he was thinking.
午饭结束，他离开了路。但他还在考虑。
7. 名词/代词+名词
☞He fought the wolf ,a stick his only weapon.
他和狼搏斗着，唯一的为武器是一根棍棒。
8. with 复合结构
它的构成是：“with+宾语+宾语补足语”。宾语由代词、名词、名词词组充当，宾语由分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语、名词等充当。
☞Holms and Watson sat with the light on for half an hour.
福尔摩斯和沃森坐着，让灯亮了半个小时。（介词短语）
☞He used to sleep with the door open . 他过去常开着门睡觉 （形容词）
☞With a boy leading the way ,they started towards the village.
由一个小男孩领着路，他们朝那个村子去了。（现在分词）
☞With the work done ,he went home. 工作做完后，他回了家。（过去分词）
☞With you to help us, we will finish the task in time
有你来帮忙，我们将会及时完成任务。（不定式）
☞Hong Kong looks more beautiful with thou-sands of lights on night .
夜里，香港万盏灯火，分外美丽。（副词）
从以上例句可以看出：在with 复合结构中，宾语和宾补之间形成逻辑上的主谓关系。当这种主谓关系表现为主动语态是，用现代分词：当这种主谓关系表现为被动语态是，用过去分词：当这种主谓关系表示将来意义是，用不定时：当这种主谓关系辨识伴随意义时，用现在分词或副词。
（二）独立主格结构的用法
它表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。
1. 作时间状语
☞The work done(=After the work had been done) , we went home. 工作完成后，我们才回家。
2. 作条件状语
☞Weather permitting(＝If weather permits) , they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.
如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。
3. 作原因状语
☞An important lecture to be given tomorrow(=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow) , the professor has to stay up late into the night.
因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。
4. 作伴随状语
☞He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head(=and his hands were crossed under his head) .
他躺在草地上，两手交叉枕在脑后。
5. 表补充说明
☞A hunter came in, his face red with cold(=and his face was red with cold) .
一个猎人走了进来，他的脸冻得通红。
注：独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。

Much time _____ sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
A. being spent B. having spent
C. spent D. spending
【参考答案】C
检测训练
（高考真题+名校检测）
【答案解析】考查独立主格结构。句意：上班族们坐在办工座前太久，一般会受到健康问题的困扰。分析句子结构可知，分词的逻辑主语和后面主句的主语不一致，应用独立主格结构。分词主语和分词动作之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且动作已完成，故用过去分词。故选C项。




一、单项选择
1.（2020·江苏卷）Technological innovations, ____ good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.
A.combined with B.combining with C.having combined with D.to be combined with
2.（2020·天津卷）______ us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested reading through our notes.
A.To help B.Helped C.Helping D.Being helped
3.（2020·天津卷）The dancer’s incredible performance had the audience on its feet ______ for 10 minutes at the end of the show.
A.being clapped B.clap C.clapped D.clapping
4.（2020·天津卷）The local government doesn't have to sacrifice environmental protection ____________ economic growth.
A.to be promoted B.being promoted C.promoting D.to promote
5.（2020·天津卷）___________in 1931, the Empire State Building, the highest skyscraper until 1954, inspired the imagination of the world.
A.Having completed B.Being completed
C.Completed D.Completing
6.（2019·江苏卷）China’s image is improving steadily, with more countries ________ its role in international affairs.
A.recognizing B.being recognized C.to be recognized D.recognized
7.（2019·江苏卷）________ the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.
A.To enjoy B.Enjoying C.To have enjoyed D.Enjoy
8.（2010·福建卷）In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained ______ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.
A.sticking B.stuck C.to be stuck D.to have stuck
9.（2010·福建卷）Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquacke.
A.sending B.to send C.having sent D.to have sent
10.（2013·北京卷）When we saw the road ________ with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.
A.block B.to block
C.blocking D.blocked
11.（2014·天津卷）Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only _________ it didn’t fit
A.to find B.found
C.finding D.having found
12.（2017·天津卷）The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, ________ more patients to be treated.
A.being allowed B.allowing
C.having allowed D.allowed
13.（2016·浙江卷）To return to the problem of water pollution, I’d like you to look at a study _________in Australia in 2012.
A.having conducted B.to be conducted
C.conducting D.conducted
14.（2015·福建卷）________more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.
A.Learn B.Learned
C.To learn D.To be learning
15.（2017·江苏卷）Many Chinese brands, __________their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market.
A.having developed B.being developed
C.developed D.developing
16.（2017·北京卷）Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time ________ with his students.
A.to spend B.spend
C.spending D.spent
17.（2017·北京卷）The national park has a large collection of wildlife, _________ from butterflies to elephants.
A.ranging B.range
C.to range D.ranged
18.（2009·湖南卷）At the age of 29, Dave was a worker, ________ in a small apartment near Boston and __________what to do about his future.
A.living; wondering B.lived; wondering
C.lived; wondered D.living; wondered
19.（2012·北京卷）____________ with care, one tin will last for six weeks.
A.Use B.Using
C.Used D.To use
20.（2013·福建卷）Anyone，once positive for H7N9 flu virus，will receive free medical treatment from our government.
A.to be tested B.being tested
C.tested D.to test
21.（2014·浙江卷）Amie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse ________ to guard her.
A.to appoint B.appointing
C.appointed D.having appointed
22.（2011·湖南卷）The players ________ from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.
A.selecting B.to select
C.selected D.having selected
23.（2014·湖南卷） ourselves from the physical and mental tensions, we each need deep thought and inner quietness.
A.Having freed B.Freed
C.To free D.Freeing
24.（2013·陕西卷）The witnesses________by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.
A.questioned B.being questioned
C.to be questioned D.having questioned
25.（2012·安徽卷）When ___________ for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.
A.asking B.asked
C.having asked D.to be asked
26.（2012·福建卷）Pressed from his parents, and ____ that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games.
A.realizing B.realized
C.to realize D.being realized
27.（2012·陕西卷）If he takes on this work，he will have no choice but ______ an even greater challenge.
A.meets B.meeting
C.meet D.to meet
28.（2012·天津卷）He got up late and hurried to his office, _______ the breakfast untouched.
A.left B.to leave
C.leaving D.having left
29.（2012·湖南卷）The lecture, _______at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.
A.starting B.being started
C.to start D.to be started
30.（2012·江苏卷） an important decision more on emotion than on reason， you will regret it sooner or later.
A.Based B.Basing C.Base D.To base
31.（2020·广东高三开学考试））Much time ________sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
A.being spent B.having spent
C.spent D.spending
32.（2020·天津高三一模）At the front of the supermarket, a charity group has set up a stand, _________cooked sausages and flowers to raise funds.
A.sold B.having sold C.selling D.being sold
33.（2020·江苏高三三模）The workers are glad to get the harbor scheduled next year ______.
A.to be finished B.having been finished
C.finished D.being finished
34.（2020·江苏南京师大附中高三模拟）The pandemic has fundamentally altered consumer behavior and enterprise operations, ________ digital adoption and transformation a necessity.
A.to make B.making C.having made D.made
35.（2020·江苏泰州中学高三模拟）______ as a platform, the Belt and Road Initiative strengthens the ties between China and the rest of the world, as well as between various regions with China.
A.To serve B.Having served C.Served D.Serving
36.（2020·江苏南通·高三三模）Brown lay__________under the building for three days before he was finally found and rescued.
A.trapping B.having trapped C.being trapped D.trapped
37.（2020·江苏高三三模）_______the changes we desire, we must be willing to behave in ways that promote them.
A.Create B.Creating C.Having created D.To create
38.（2020·天津南开中学高三三模）Our school often organizes various after-school activities, _____our stress to some degree.
A.to relieve B.relieved C.having relieved D.relieving
39.（2020·天津南开中学高三三模）—I am going to the library. Do you have any books_______?
—No, but thank you all the same.
A.to return B.returned C.to be returned D.returning
40.（2020·江苏南京·高三二模）The victims lived temporarily in shelters, and the earthquake ________ everything, they became homeless.
A.destroyed B.having destroyed C.destroying D.to destroy
41.（2020·江苏高三三模）The police are trying to find out the evidence of the woman _________ in the bathroom.
A.murdered B.to be murdered C.being murdered D.murdering
42.With a large amount of work _________for this fierce speech contest, the students have been staying up these days to make full preparations for it.
A.remaining to be finished B.remained finished
C.remained being done D.remaining to finish
43.—Hey, Jenny, my online car-hailing service is unavailable. Could you reserve a car for tomorrow?
—Sorry, the upgrade ________, my phone has been bricked — it's stuck in emergency mode and won't start up.
A.not to complete B.not completing C.not completed D.not having completed
44.（2020·江苏高三一模）In the New Year speech ____ by our headmaster, he summarized the progress we made in 2019.
A.clarified B.restored C.underlined D.delivered
45.（2020·江苏启东中学高三一模）As we all know, every minute, full use of our lessons, will do good to our students.
A.which makes; studying B.when made; to study
C.that is made; to study D.which is made; studying
二、语法填空
1.（2018·贵州高三期末）阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese anti-corruption (反腐败) TV series, In the Name of the People, has really captured great popularity. Some people call it Chinese House of Cards, 46.(compare) it to the American political drama House of Cards. The drama, which 47.(base) on the novel of the same name, shows a deep reflection on the fight 48. corruption.
What makes In the Name of the People unusual is not only how 49.(direct) it describes the ugly side of Chinese politics, but also that it has the 50.(permit) of the country’s top officials. The Chinese government in 2004 decided 51.(limit) the production of such dramas because too many were of poor quality. But since Chinese President Xi Jinping took power in 2012, anti-corruption dramas 52.(become) increasingly popular.
People of all ages love it. “There are two aspects about In the Name of the People to 53. we should pay attention. First, the cast includes 54. number of skilled actors and actresses. Second, shooting an anti-corruption show under the current system is like 55.(try) to dance wrapped in chains. Therefore, it is much more difficult to create such a drama than it is for other kinds.” a denizen wrote in a review on Douban.
2.阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
A recent film has earned huge attention on social media platforms, many citizens56.(praise) the short video as the “best commercial video of 2019 ”. The film focuses on57.question “Who is Peppa?” and tells a touching story58.highlights Chinese families. In the beginning, a senior man59.(name) Li Yubao in a remote mountainous area asked his grandson on the phone60.gifts he wanted for the Spring Festival, but only heard the word “Peppa” due to the poor mobile signal. Therefore, the man begins an interesting journey to discover who Peppa is.61. the help of neighbors, the senior man made a Peppa model with irons and steels, and62.(surprise) his grandson. The short video 63.(encourage) people working outside to come back home often and accompany family members64.(spend) a happy and warm Spring Festival holiday. After all, family connections are the most 65.(significance) thing in Chinese people’s hearts.