(新高考)高考英语二轮复习讲义+典例训练高频解密11 并列句和状语从句（2份打包，解析版+原卷版）

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高考英语二轮复习讲义+典例训练
高频解密11 并列句和状语从句
考点详解


【考点解读】
把握引导并列句和时间、地点、条件、让步、比较、原因状语从句的连词的运用；掌握状语从句的时态、语态、语气和省略
【命题预测】
考查考生对不同类型从句的辨别能力，与其他从句、句型结合起来一起考查近年高考的发展趋向：从属连词在具体语境中的运用，及从属连词词义的延伸。设问角度倾向于多样化。
考向1 并列句


一、并列连词
1.表示并列关系的连词：
and: 可用来连接两个或两个以上的单词/短语或句子，表示一种顺接的关系。
☞He helps me and I help him. 他帮我，我帮他。
both…and：＂两个都……＂，连接两个并列主语时谓语动词用复数。
☞Both Li Ping and Mary are going to the Great Wall tomorrow.
neither…nor: ＂既不……也不……＂，连接的并列成分可在句中作主语、表语、宾语等。连接并列成分
作主语时，谓语动词通常与nor后的部分保持一致。
☞Neither he nor I am right.
not only…but also: ＂不仅……而且……＂，强调后者；引导并列主语时，谓语动词与后面的主语保持
一致。
☞Not only the students but also the teacher gives the money to our school.
2. 表示选择关系的连词：
or：用于否定句中连接并列成分，表示＂和，与＂；用于＂祈使句+or+陈述句＂中，意为＂否则，要不
然＂。
☞The baby is too young. He can’t speak or walk.
either…or…：＂要么……要么＂，连接的并列成分可在句中作主语、表语、宾语等。连接并列成分作主语时，谓语动词通常与or后的部分保持一致。
☞Either Tom is coming or his sisters are. 不是汤姆就是她的姐妹们要来。

3. 表示转折关系的并列连词
but
＂但是＂，所连接的成分意思相反或相对。
Our school is small but beautiful.
while
＂然而，可是＂，表对比。
He went out for a walk, while I stayed at home.
yet
＂但是，然而＂，用于转折。
I have failed, yet I shall try again. 我失败了，但我还要尝试。
4. 表示因果关系的并列连词
＂由于，因为＂，表示原因，不能放在句首，也不能单独使用；for引导的从句不能位于not，but或任何连词之后。
The days were short, for it was now December.

for：

＂因此，所以＂，表示结果，so不能和because连用。
There were no buses, so I came by bicycle.


so：

4. 其他常用并列连词
when可作并列连词，意为“正在这时”，表示某件事正在发生或刚刚发生时，突然发生另一动作。

☞Tom was about to close the window when his attention was caught by a bird.
汤姆正要关窗户，这时他的注意力被一只鸟吸引住了。
☞One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away when my daughter heard cries for help.
一个礼拜五，我们正在收拾行李去度周末，这时我的女儿听到求救的呼喊。
☞He had just finished his homework when his mother asked him to play the piano.
他刚完成作业母亲就让他弹钢琴。

注意：
(1)and, not only...but (also)．.., neither... nor...等词连接的并列句，在意义上主要对前一句子作补充或引申。
►One day, I was late, and my teacher was angry.
有一天我迟到了，我的老师生气了。
►Think it over, and you'll find a way out.
仔细考虑，你将发现一条出路。
►Not only is he himself interested in the subject, but also his students begin to show interest in it.
不仅他自己对这个科目感兴趣，他的学生也开始表现出兴趣。
(2)or, either...or...连接并列句表示选择意义。
►The children can go with us, or they can stay in. (选择)
孩子们可以跟我们一起去，也可以留下。
►The workers were cheerful, or at least they appeared to be cheerful. (换个说法)
工人们非常高兴，或者说他们至少表现得很高兴。
►Be careful, or you will break your neck. (否定条件)
小心点，否则你会折断脖子的。
(3) but/while/however的区别：
but表示意义的转折；
while既表示转折又表示对比；
however为表示转折意义的副词，常用逗号与句子其他部分隔开。
►Neighbors should do all they can to avoid disturbing other people, but there are times when some level of disturbance is unavoidable.
邻居们应尽可能避免烦扰别人，但是很多时候有些打扰是不可避免的。
►There's no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery while another man, also intelligent, fails.
为什么一个人会做出一个重要的发现，而另一个人，也很聪明但是失败了，这不得而知。
二、常考并列句句型
“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”句型：
(1)祈使句+and+陈述句=if… , +主句。
►Find ways to praise your children often, and you’ll find they will open their hearts to you.
=If you find ways to praise your children often, you’ll find they will open their hearts to you.
(2)祈使句+or/otherwise+陈述句=if….not… , +主句。
►Hurry up or we will be late.
=If you don’t hurry up, we will be late

1.（2018·新课标卷I·短文改错）At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return every two years, but he agreed.
【参考答案】but改为and
【答案解析】考查并列连词的用法。我计划每两年回来一次，他同意了。此处是并列关系，故将but改成and。
2.（2017·新课标卷I·短文改错） Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, so
once I started the car, my mind goes（改为went） blank, I forgot what he had said to me altogether.
【参考答案】so改为but/yet
【答案解析】考查连词。根据句意可知作者本以为自己已经掌握了教练的话，结果一发动车，脑中一片空白，前后文为转折关系，故将so改为but或yet。
3. （2017·新课标卷III·短文改错）I had（改为have） grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few
years.
【参考答案】and改为but
【答案解析】考查连词。固定短语not only…but also…意为＂不但……而且……＂。
4. (2017·北京卷·单项填空)—Peter, please send us postcards ________ we'll know where you have visited.
—No problem.
A. but B. or C. for D. so
【参考答案】D
【答案解析】考查连词。句意：＂彼得， 请发给我们明信片以便我们能知道你参观过的地方。＂＂没问题。＂so (that) 意为＂为了……，以便……＂，由句意可知答案选 D。
5.(2016·北京卷·单项填空) I am not afraid of tomorrow, ________ I have seen yesterday and I love today.
A. so B. and C. for D. but
【参考答案】C
【答案解析】考查并列连词。句意：我不害怕明天，因为我已经经历了昨天并且深爱着今天。so后跟结果；and表并列关系；for补充说明原因；but表转折。故选C。
考向2 状语从句


状语从句通常由从属连词或起连词作用的词组引导，有时甚至不需要连词直接和主句连接起来。状语从句根据它表达的意思不同，可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等九类。状语的位 置比较灵活，可以位于句首、句末或句中。enough用作状语修饰形容词和副词时必须后置。
一、 时间状语从句
时间状语从句是表示时间关系的从句。可以引导时间状语从句的连词很多，根据意义和主从句之间的时间关系，通常可分为以下几种情况：
（一）when, while, as, whenever
when, while, as表示主句谓语作和从句的谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生。
1．when
①when表示点时间时，从句中用短暂性动词；表示段时间时，用持续性动词。
►When I got home, my family were already having dinner.
我到家的时候，全家已在吃晚饭。（when表示点时间）
►When they were still talking and laughing, the teacher came in.
当他们还在说笑的时候，老师进来了。（when表示段时间）
②有时when表示虽然，尽管的含义，相当于although或since。
►He walks when he might take a taxi. 尽管可以打的，但他还是步行。
►How can you hope for mercy yourself when you show none？
既然你不宽恕别人，你自己又怎能希望得到别人的宽恕呢？
2．while
①while通常表示一段时间，从句中宜用持续性动词作谓语。
►Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。
►She fell asleep while she was reading the newspaper.她在看报的时候睡着了。
②while有时可以作并列连词，表示对比，可译成……而……。
►I am fond of English while he likes maths. 我喜欢英语而他却喜欢数学。
►We slept while the captain kept watch. 我们睡觉而上尉担任警戒。
③while有时可引导让步状语从句，意思是虽然。
►While they love te children, they are strict with them. 虽然他们都爱他们的孩子，但却对他们要求严格。
3．as
①as表示点时间时，从句中用短暂性动词；表示段时间时，用持续性动词。as和when两者经常可以通用。 ►The thief was caught as when he was stealing in the supermarket. 小偷在超市行窃时被逮住了。
②as表示 一边……一边……，强调从句和主句中两个动作交替进行或同步进行。
►They talked as they walked. 他们边走边聊。
③as表示随着
►As time goes on, it's getting warmer and warmer. 随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越暖了。
►As spring warms the earth, al flowers begin to bloom. 随着春回大地，百花开始绽放。

1.（2016·全国新课标卷III·语法填空）Over time, 45 the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
【参考答案】as/when
【答案解析】考查时间状语从句。句意：随着人口的增长，人们开始把食物切成小块，这样可以煮得快一点，这里是时间状语从句，when意为＂当……的时候＂，后跟长动作或短动作，故填as／when。
2. It’s much easier to make friends ________ you have similar interests.
A. unless B. when C. even though D. so that
【参考答案】B　
【答案解析】考查状语从句。由句意＂当你们兴趣相投时，交朋友就容易多了＂可知，这里应该用when引导时间状语从句。
4．when, while, as的用法区别
①只有当从句表示的是段时间，即其谓语动词有持续性特征时，这三者可以通用互换。
►I got the news on the radio when while as I was having breakfast.
我在吃早饭的时候从收音机里获悉这一消息。
②在下列情况下，三者彼此之间不能替换使用：
a．as更强调同一时间或紧接的一前一后或伴随着的变化。
►We listened to the singer sing as he played the guitar. 我们听着歌星边弹吉它边演唱。
►I thought of it just as you opened your mouth. 你一张嘴我就知道你要说什么。
►As he grew older, he became less and less active. 随着他年龄的增长，他变得越来越不活泼了。
提示：
状语从句可放在主句之前或之后，放在主句之前时一般用逗号与主句分开。有时可置于主句中间，前后用逗号。
b．when更强调特定时间，还可表示从句中的动作先于或后于主句的动作。
►When I had given Mary the spare ticket, I found my own already gone.
当我把多余的票给了玛丽时，我才发现我自己的票已不知去向。（从句动作发生在主句之前，注意主从句的时态）
►When I finally got there, he meeting had been on for ten minutes.
当我最终赶到那里时，会议已开始十分钟了。（从句动作发生在主句之后，注意时态）
c．while从句只能表示延续的动作或状态或主从句中动作的对比。
►She thought I was talking about her daughter, while in fact, I was talking about my daughter.
她以为我在谈论她女儿，而事实上，我在谈论我的女儿。
d．若表示两个短促动作几乎同时发生时，用as场合多于when。
►As he finished his speech, the audience burst into applause. 他结束讲话时，观众爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。 5．whenever
whenever是when的强势语，它描述的不是一次性动作，而是经常发生的习惯性动作。
►You are always welcome whenever you come.无论你何时来都欢迎。
►Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us. 每当我们遇上困难的时候，他们就来帮我们。 （二）before, after
1．before
before表示在一段时间之前。
►I must finish all the work before go home.回家之前我必须干完所有的活。
►You must first learn to walk before you try to run.在想要跑以前，你得先学会走。
必背：
before 常用句型 It is /was/will be… before…
►It will be five years before we meet again.五年以后我们才能再见。
►It will be not long before you regret what you have done.不用过多久你就会对你所作所为感到后悔的。
►It was not long before I realized I was wrong. 不久我就意识到我错了。
►It was minutes before the police arrived.过了几分钟警察才到。

1. We need to get to the root of the problem ______________ we can solve it.
A. while B. after
C. before D. as
【参考答案】C
【答案解析】考查时间状语从句的连接词。句意：在我们解决问题之前，我们需要找到问题的根源。A. while当……的时候，而；B. after在……之后；C. before 在……之前；D. as正如。根据句意可知选C。
2. It ________ long before we ________ the result of the experiment. 
A. will not be；will know  B. is；will know 
C. will not be；know  D. is；know 
【参考答案】C
【答案解析】句意：不会过很长一段时间我们就会知道实验结果。应使用It was not long before的创新句型It will not be long before，before引导时间状语从句时，从句应用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 
2. after
after表在一段时间之后。
►Let's play football after school is over. 放学后我们踢足球吧。
►The sun came out soon after the storm stopped. 暴风雨过后不久，太阳出来了。
（三）till, until
1．Until，till用于肯定句时，表示直到……为止，主句必须为持续性动词。
►We shall wait until /till he comes back.我们将一直等到他回来。 (注意它们的拼写)
►Everything went well until /till that accident happened. 直到发生那意外之前，一切都正常。
2． Not until 表示直到……才，主句通常要用短暂动词，这时until和till可用before代替。
►I didn't leave until before she came back.直到她回来，我才离开的。
►Bells don't ring till until you strike them.铃不打不响。
►People do not know the value of their health till until before they lose it.人们直至失去了健康才知其可贵。 3．当not until位于句首时，主句中的主语、谓语要使用倒装语序。
►Not until she stopped crying did I leave.直到她不哭了，我才离开的。
注意：
until引导的从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，但till从句一般不放在句首。
4．在强调句型中一般只能用until，不用till。
►It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I recognized her. 直到她摘下墨镜，我才认出她。
（四）since, ever since
1．since自……以来。表示动作从过去某一点时间一直延续到说话时间为止。主句中通常为延续性动词的现
在完成时，since从句中一般用短暂性动词的一般过去时。
►It has been just a week since we arrived here.我们到这儿刚刚一星期。
►Where have you been since I last saw you自上次我见过你之后，你去了哪里？
►Since she was young, she has been collecting stamps.她自年轻时起就一直集邮至今。
提示：
有时since 从句中也可以用延续性动词，注意它的译法。
►Tom is now working on the farm. It’s two years since he was a college student.
汤姆现在农场上班，他大学毕业已有两年了。

（2017·天津卷·完形填空）She had been talking to her mother about the lives of homeless people 42 they first saw the homeless man.
A. since B. unless C. although D. as
【参考答案】A
【答案解析】考查连词。A. since自从；B. unless 除非；C. although尽管；D. as因为。句意：自从他们第一次看到无家可归的人，Hannah就一直在跟她的妈妈说流浪者的生活，根据句意可知选A。
2．ever since 从那时起直至现在，此后一直。表示说话者强调主句动作或状态持续时间长，语气比since强。 ►Ever since they got married in 1950, they have lived happily.
自一九五零年结婚以来，他们一直生得很幸福。
（五）as soon as
as soon as...可译为一……就……，用来表示主从句的动作是紧接着发生的。
►He will come and see you as soon as he can.他一有空就来看你。
►He rushed home as soon as he got the good news.
他一得到这个好消息就奔回家。
必背：
一……就……还可以用on upon doing 结构来表示。
►On arriving home he called up Lester.
= As soon as he arrived home, he called up Lester.他一到家就给莱斯特打电话。
（六）immediately instantly directly
相当于as soon as，从句中用一般过去时态。
►They phoned her immediately they reached home.他一到家马上就给她打了电话。
►I recognized her instantly I caught a glimpse of her.我一看见她就把她认出来了。
►We came directly we got your telephone.我们一接到你的电话就赶来了。
（七）the moment, the minute, the instant, the second
这几个名词短语也可用作连词，直接引导时间状语从句，表示一……就……
►He said he'd turn on TV the moment he got home.他说他一到家就打开电视机。
►Tell him I need to see him the minute he arrives.告诉他，他一到我就要见他。
（八）hardly…when, no sooner…than
这两个短语都表示刚……就……，可以互换，主句通常用去完成时。
►He had no sooner started out than he felt homesick.他刚出发就想起家来。
►He had hardly started his speech when someone rose to refute his points.
他刚开始发言，就有人站起来反驳他的论点。
注意：
当hardly, scarcely, no sooner位于句子的开头时，主句须用倒装语序。
►Hardly had she fallen asleep when a knock at the door woke her up.她刚要睡着，忽然敲门声把她吵醒。
►No sooner was the frost off the ground than the work began.地上的霜一消散，人们就开始工作了。
（九）once
once作连词时，也相当于as soon as，但它含有的条件意味更浓，它引导的从句较短。
►Once you begin, you must continue.一旦开了头，你就应当继续下去。
►Once you see him, you will never forget him.你一旦见过他，就不会忘了他的。
（十）next time, the first time, the last time, every time 等
►Be sure to call on us next time you come to town.下次你进城一定来看我们。
►He left me a good impression the first time I met him.我第一次见他时，他给我留下了好印象。
►Every time I see him he looks miserable.我每次见到他，他都是一付痛苦的表情。
►The last time I spoke to Bob, he seemed happy enough.上一次我见到他时，他看上去很开心。
（十一）by the time
by the tine 也可以引导时间状语从句，意为到……时为止，主句一般要用完成时态。
►By the time he was fourteen, Einstein had learned advanced mathematics all by himself.
爱因斯坦到十四岁时就自学完了高等数学。 (从句为一般过去时，主句要用过去完成时)
►I shall have finished my work by the time you return.
在你回来之前我将会做完我的活儿。(从句为一般现在时，主句要用将来完成时)
二、地点状语从句
地点状语从句通常由where, wherever（where的强势语）和everywhere引导，是表示空间关系的状语从句。
（一）where
where 在……地方，去……地方
►Wuhan lies here the Yangtze and the Han River meet.武汉位于长江和汉水汇合处。
►Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。
►I found my books where I had left them.我的书在我原来放的地方找到了。
►You'd better make a mark where you have any questions.
哪儿有问题，你最好在哪儿做个记号。(这里where引导的从句不是定语从句)
注意：
在地点状语从句之前，不要使用介词。
【误】You should put the book at where it was.
【正】You should put the book where it was. 你应该把书放在原来的地方。
【误】We should go to where we are needed most.
【正】We should go where we are needed most.我们应该到最需要我们的地方去。
（二）wherever
wherever在任何……地方，无论哪里
►Wherever you go, you should do your work well.不论到什么地方，都要把工作做好。
►You may sit down wherever you like.你爱坐哪儿就坐哪儿。
三、原因状语从句
原因状语从句是表示原因和理由的从句。引导原因状语从句的有as, because, since, now (that), considering that, seeing that等。
（一）Because
►Because I like it, I do it.因为我喜欢，所以我才干。
►He couldn’t have seen me, because I was not there.他不可能见过我，因为当时我不在那儿。
比较：
because 和for的区别：
①for 是并列连词，只用于连接表示原因的分句，因此不能用于句首。because表示原因时，可位于句首。 【误】For he did not obey the rules, he was punished.
【正】Because he did not obey the rules, he was punished.
由于他不遵守规章制度，他受到了处。
②for 表示的是推断解释，because强调动作发生的直接原因。
►It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.
昨晚肯定下雨了，因为地面是湿的。（不可用because，因为地面湿不是天下雨的原因）
►The day breaks, for the birds are singing.
天亮了，因为鸟在叫。（不可用because，因为鸟叫不是天亮的原因）
►He went to bed early, because he was tired 由于他累了，所以他很早就上了床。（直接的理由）
►He must be tired, for he went to bed early. 他肯定累了，因为他很早就上了床。（间接的推断）
③在强调结构It is/was...that和关联词not…but 引导的原因状语从句中，宜用because。
►It's because he helped you that I'm prepared to help him.
正是因为他帮助过你，所以我乐意去帮助他。
►He decided to give up the chance of going abroad, not because he did not want to but because his wife was ill. 他 决定放弃出国的机会，不是因为他不想去，而是因为他妻子病了。
（二）since， as
since 因为，既然。引导的从句大多置于句首，主从句的时态一般相同。
as 由于。一般多用于句首。
►Since you have no licence, you are not allowed to drive.因为你没有驾驶执照，所以不允许你开车。
►Since you are al here, let's try and reach a decision.既然大家都来了，咱们就设法做出一个决定吧。
►As she was ill, she didn't come to the party.由于病了，她没来参加晚会。
►As he was not well enough, I had to go without him.由于他身体欠佳，我只好不带他去了。
►As it rained, we all stayed at home.由于下雨我们都呆在家里。
【易混辨析】because, since, as
①because语气最强，表达的是未知的新信息，一般置于主句之后，也可以放在主句之前，用逗号隔开。在
回答why引导的特殊疑问句时，或在强调结构It is/was ..that 和关联词not ..but 引导的原因状语从句中，
要用because。另外，because还常和副词just, merely等连用。
②since 表示的是已知的客观事实或分析后的推理，引导的从句大多置于句首，主从句的时态一般相同。
③as 表示的理由最弱，只是对主句的附带说明，重点在主句。as从句通常放在主句前。
►Just because he doesn't complain, you must not suppose that he is satisfied.
你不可只因他不抱怨就以为他满足了。
►You shouldn't get angry only because some people speak ill of you.
你不该仅仅因为有些人说了你的坏话就生气。
►Since you're not interested, Iwon't tell you about it.既然你不感兴趣，那我就不告诉你了。
►As you are unable to answer perhaps we should ask someone else.
因为你不能回答，也许我们该问一问别的人。
注意：because等词不能与 so连用。
（三）now that
now that 既然，因为。that可以省略。
►Now (that) dinner is ready, go and wash your hands.既然饭已好了，洗手去吧。
四、目的状语从句
目的状语从句是表示行为目的的从句。引导目的状语从句的主要连词有that, so，so that, sothat, in order that等，从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如can, could, may, might, should等。
（一）that, so that，in order that表示为了，以便，一般放在主句之后。that语气较弱，用的较少，多用so that。 ►Let's take the front seats that we may se more clearly.我们坐前排吧，这样我们可以看得更清楚些。
►Man does not live that he may eat, but eats that he may live.人生存不是为了吃饭，而吃饭是为了生存。 ►They hurried so that they might not miss the train.他们为了不误火车，才急急忙忙的。
►In order that everyone might hear her clearly, she raised her voice again.
为了使每个人都听清楚，她再次提高了声音。
注意：
当主从句的主语一致时，so that和in order that引导的目的状语从句可以转换成相对应的动词不定式结构。
►We got up early so that we would arrive in time.为了能及时赶到，我们起得很早。
►They hurried so that they might not miss the train. → They hurried so as not to miss the train.
他们为了不误火车，才急急忙忙的。
►Betty saved money in order that she could buy a computer.
→ Betty saved money in order to buy a computer.
贝蒂存钱是为了买一台电脑。
（二）in case, lest, for fear that 几个短语都表示万一，惟恐，含有否定的意义。
►Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.最好多带些衣服以防天气会冷。
►Take an umbrella in case it rains.以防下雨，带把伞。

1.(2018·天津卷·单项填空)Let’s not pick these peaches until this weekend ___________ they get sweet enough to be eaten.
A. ever since B. as if C. even though D. so that
【答案】D
【解析】考查连词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：让我们这个周末再摘这些桃子，这样的话，它们吃起来就变得足够的甜。A. ever since自那时起；B. as if好像；C. even though尽管；D. so that以便。从句为目的状语从句，故用so that引导。故选D。
2.Cathy had quit her job when her son was born ___________ she could stay home and raise her family.
A. now that B. as if C. only if D. so that
【答案】D
【解析】考查连词。A.now that既然；B.as if好像；C.only if只要；D.so that以便。这里是so that引导的目的状语从句。句意：当Cathy的儿子出生的时候，她就放弃了自己的工作，以便待在家里照顾家人。根据句意故选D。
【名师点睛】本题考查连词so that 的用法，此类辨析题需掌握引导状语从句的连词的不同含义并结合语境，本题中的so that引导目的状语从句。意思是：以致，为了，以便于。这个词组还可以和in order that，in order to，so as to 进行替换。所以做好此类题要先分析前后两个句子的关系，了解具体语境中的连词的意思，从而判断出正确的选项，学生要记得积累每一题中所出现的连词的意思，不能只看其表面。注意有的连词的意思并不是表面上的那样，如果出现不熟悉的词语，应该采用排除法，而不是直接看表面意思来选答案。
3. I took my driving license with me on holiday, ___________ I wanted to hire a car.
A. in case B. even if C. ever since D. if only
【参考答案】A　
【答案解析】考查状语从句的连接词。带驾照的目的是便于租车，所以选A。in case以防、以免或以便于。even if即使，用于让步状语从句；ever since自从，一般引导时间状语从句；if only倘若，用于条件句，使用虚拟语气。

五、结果状语从句
结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句。引导结果状语从句的连词有：that, so (that), so…hat, such…that等。结果状语从句通常置于主句之后。
1. so, that, so that
这三个词都可以引导结果状语从句。so that最为常用，so或that常用于口语或非正式文体中。
►What has happened that you look so worried发生了什幺事，使你显得如此担心？
►I didn't plan the work well, so that I didn't finish it in time.
我没把工作计划好，结果没按时完成。（so that从句常用逗号与主句隔开）
►The room was packed with people, so that we couldn't get in.房间里挤满了人，我们进不去。
2. so... that 如此……以致……，其引导的果状语从句有如下四种结构：

so + 形容词副词 + that-从句（将so + 形容词副词位于句首，主谓语要倒装）
so + 形容词 + a/an + 单数名词 + that-从句
so + many/few +复数名词+ that-从句
so + much/little +不可数名词 + that-从句
►The village is so small that it cannot be shown in the map.这村子太小，所以这地图上没有。
►So loudly did he speak that even the people in the next room could hear him.
他说得很响，连隔壁的人都能听见
►It was so hot a day that they all went swimming.天是那么的热以致他们都去游泳了。
►I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.我摔了许多跤，以至于浑身青一块，紫一块。
►I had so little money then that I couldn't even afford a used car.
我当时囊中羞涩，甚至连一辆二手车都买不起。
►He drank so much wine last night that he felt terrible.昨晚他喝了那么多的酒，他觉得很不舒服。
3. such...that 如此……以致……，其引导的结果语从句有如下结构：

such + a\an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 + that-从句
such + 形容词 +复数名词+ that-从句
such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that-从句
►Jenny is such a clever girl that all of us like her very much.
詹妮是如此聪明的女孩，以至我们都非常喜欢她。
►They are such interesting novels that all of us want to read them.这些是十分有意思的小说，大家都想看。
►He made such rapid progress that the teacher praised him.他的进步很快，老师表扬了他。
►He shut the window with such force that the glass broke.他关窗子用了那么大的劲，玻璃都碎了。
提示：
such+a/an+形容词+单数名词结构可以和so +形容词+a/an+单数名词结构互换。
►He told us such a funny story that we all laughed.
→ He told us so funny a story that we all laughed.他给我们讲了一个如此有趣的故事，大家都笑。
六、条件状语从句
条件状语从句是表示主句动作发生的前提或条件的从句。条件状语从句分为真实条件状语从句和非真实条件状语从句。引导条件状语从句的有if, unless, so as long as, as so far as, on condition that, in case, suppose, supposing等。条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般要用现在时或过去时代替一般将来时或过去将来时。
1. if，unless
►If you ask him, he will help you.如果你向他请求，他会帮助你。
►Difficulties are nothing if we are not afraid of them.如果我们不怕困难，困难就算不了什么了。
►They will go tomorrow unless it rains. (They will go tomorrow if it doesn't rain.）
除非明天下雨，否则他们会去的。
注意：
if...not和unless通常是可以换用的。但在下列情况下，两者是有区别的：
①unless多引导真实条件句，if..not可以引导真实条件句或非真实条件句。
►He won’t be able to pass the final exams unless he works hard.除非他努力，否则就通过不了期末考试。 ►He won't be able to pass the final exams if he doesn't work hard.如果他不努力，就通过不了期末考试。
②如果主句描述的是情感或情绪活动方面的内容，if..not结构不能换成unless。如：
►I'll be quite glad if she doesn't come this evening.她今晚如果不来我很高兴。
③unless引导的状语从句可用否定结构，而if..not引导的从句不可再用否定结构。
►Don't ask me to explain again unless you really don't understand.
不要再叫我解释了，除非你真的不懂。

1. (2018·北京卷·单项填空) _________ we don’t stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.
A. Although B. While C. If D. Until
【答案】C
【解析】考查状语从句。句意：如果我们不阻止气候变化，那么世界上的很多动植物将会消失。分析句意及句子结构可知，动植物不灭绝的前提条件是阻止气候变化。although尽管；while当……时候，尽管；if如果；until直到。根据句意可知选C。
2. ________ we have enough evidence, we can’t win the case.
A. Once B. As long as C. Unless D. Since
【答案】C　
【解析】考查连词。句意：如果我们没有足够的证据，我们就赢不了官司。后句说官司打不赢，用unless来表示相反的条件。
2. so long as, as long as, on condition that 这几个短语意思差不多，都表示只要，条件是……。
►As long as we don't lose heart, we'll find a way to overcome the difficulty.
只要我们灰心，我们就能找到克服困难的方法。
►You may use the room on condition that so long as you clean it afterwards.
只要你用完后打扫干净，你就可以使用这个房间。
3. in case
in case 既引导目的状语从句，也可以引导条件状语从句，等于if it happens that。
►In case I forget, please remind me of my promise.如果我忘了，请提醒我所做的承诺。
4. Providing, provided that, supposing, suppose that, given that 这几个短语意思相近，有如果，只要，假如等意思。
►Given that they are inexperienced, they've done a good job.
考虑到他们缺乏经验，他们的工作已做得很好了。(that可以省略)
七、方式状语从句
方式状语从句是描述动作方式的从句。方式状语从句常由as, as if， as though等词引导，通常位于主句之后。
1. as, just as 这两个连词的意思是如……，正如……一样。just as 比as 语气要强一些。
►Do in Rome as the Romans do.入乡随俗。
►Balloons float in the air just as boats do on the sea.气球在空中就如同船浮在海面上一样。
注意：
在口语中，还可用like来代替as，引导一个方式状语从句。
►She is doing the work exactly like I want her to.她正在完全按照我要她的那样在做这项工作。
►Do you make bread like you make cakes你做面包的方法是不是和做点心一样？
2. as if, as though
由as if 或as though引导的状语从句可以用陈述语气表示可能符合事实的情况，也可以用虚拟语气的过去式表示现在不符的或与事实相反的情况。
►She looks as if she is ill.看上去她好象是生病了。
►The boy plays piano as though he has a natural ear for music.
这孩子弹起钢琴来家好象天生很懂音乐似的。
►They talked loudly as if nobody were around.他们大声说话仿佛周围没人似的。
►He acted as ifthough nothing had happened他装得似乎什么事也未发生过。
八、让步状语从句
让步状语从句表示在某种相反的条件下，主句中的情况依然会出现。让步状语从句由although, though, however, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever, whenever, wherever, whether（是否）, no matter (who, wha, etc), even if, even though等词引导。
1. although, though 这两个词意思一样，都解释虽然，尽管。although比though正式。
►Although he is young, he is very clever.他尽管年轻，但很聪明。
►Though he is poor, he is happy.他虽然穷，但很快乐。
提示：
有时though= and yet但是，然而，放在句子末尾，前面用逗号。
It was hard work; I enjoyed it, though.那工作很苦，但是我喜欢干。（= It was hard work, but I enjoyed it.）
2．though从句有时可以倒装，将从句中的一部分提置句首。
►Child though he is, he knows a lot. 尽管他是个孩子，他懂得的东西却很多。（=Although he is a child, he
knows a lot.）= Child as he is, he knows a lot.
►Strange though it may look, it is true. 尽管看起来奇怪，但是却是真的。
(= Though it looks strange, it is true.)
注意：
although, though不能与but连用，但是可以与yet, still, nevertheless连用。
Although/Though he blames me, yet I will trust him.尽管他责怪我，但我还是愿意信任他。
3. Even if, even though
►We won't be discouraged even if though we fail ten times.我们就是失败十次也不泄气。
►Even if though you fail, you will have gained experience.纵然你失败，你也会得到一些经验。
4. while, whereas
这两个词也可引导让步状语从句，突出主句和从句的对比。
►While I understand what you say, I can't agree with you.虽然我理解你的意思，但我还是不同意。
►Some people like fat meat, whereas others hate it.有些人喜欢肥肉，相反有些人讨厌肥肉。
5. no matter (who, what, where, when, etc) 这几个词引导的让步状语从句语气十分强烈。
►This is not true, no matter who says so.不管谁这么说，都不对。
►Do it no matter what others say.不管别人怎么说，尽管干。
►No matter how bus he was, he studied English every day.不管他多忙，他都每天坚持学习英语。
6. Whether...or (not) ... whether...or (not) ...意思是不管……还是……。
►Whether you believe it or not, it's true. 不管你信不信，这是真的。
►Whether the weather is good or bad, they will set off as planned.
不管天气是好还是坏，他们都要按计划启程。

1. It's much easier to make friends ________ you have similar interests.
A. unless B. when C. even though D. so that
【参考答案】B　
【答案解析】考查状语从句。由句意＂当你们兴趣相投时，交朋友就容易多了＂可知，这里应该用when引导时间状语从句。
2. I took my driving license with me on holiday, ________ I wanted to hire a car.
A. in case B. even if C. ever since D. if only
【参考答案】A　
【答案解析】考查状语从句的连接词。带驾照的目的是便于租车，所以选A。in case以防、以免或以便于。even if即使，用于让步状语从句；ever since自从，一般引导时间状语从句；if only倘若，用于条件句，使用虚拟语气。
考向3 状语从句的省略


1. 状语从句同时具备下列两个条件:
①主句和从句的主语一致，或从句主语为it；
②从句主要动词是be的某种形式。从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。
►When ( the museum is ) completed , the museum will be open to the public next year .
►He’ll go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is ) possible.
2. 状语从句的"简化"现象常存在于以下五种状语从句中:
①由if, unless等引导的条件状语从句;
②由although, though, even if / though等引导的让步状语从句;
③由when, while, as, before, after, until / till等引导的时间状语从句;
④由as, as if等引导的方式状语从句;
⑤由as, than等引导的比较状语从句。
下面针对这五种情形作一归纳。
(1)当状语从句的主语是it,且谓语动词是be时,it和be要完全简化掉。
►If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.如果可能的话,他会帮你摆脱困境。
►You must attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient to you.
除非情况对你来说不方便,否则你必须出席这次会议。
(2)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,从句可以将主语和be动词简化掉。常用于以下几种情形:
a.连词+形容词
►As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike.他小时候就学会了骑自行车。
►Work hard when (you are) young, or you'll regret.少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。
b.连词+名词
►Although (he was) a farmer, now he is a famous director.尽管他曾是个农民,而现在是位著名的导演了。
c.连词+现在分词
►Although (he is) doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks.
尽管近来他一直在学数学,但他仍然没有取得好成绩。
d.连词+过去分词
►He won't go there with us unless (he is) invited.除非受到邀请,否则他不会和我们一道去那里。
►The concert was a great success than (it was) expected.这场音乐会出乎意料地取得了巨大成功。
e.连词+不定式
►He stood up as if (he were) to say something.当时他站起来好像要说什么。
►He wouldn't solve the problem even if (he were) to take charge.即使他来负责,他也解决不了这个问题。
f. 连词+介词短语
►She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble.她看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻烦。
►He had mastered the English language before (he was) in the USA.他到美国之前就懂英语了。
注意:
当从句主语和主句主语不一致时,从句部分要么用完全形式,要么用独立主格结构来表达。如:
►When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the meeting-room.
当会议结束时,人们都走出了会议室。

（2015·北京）If _________for the job, you’ll be informed soon.
A .to accept B. accept C. accepting D. accepted
【参考答案】D
【试题解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：如果录用你了，我们将很快通知你。分析句子结构及选项可知，If _________for the job是状语从句的省略。且主语you与accept之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词形式。答案为D。



检测训练
（高考真题+名校检测）


一、单项选择
1.（2015·安徽卷） he once felt like giving up, he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.
A.Where B.As
C.In case D.Now that
2.（2014·重庆卷）Half an hour later, Lucy still couldn’t get a taxi _______ the bus had dropped her.
A.until B.when C.although D.where
3.（2009·天津卷）I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day, 　　　 do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin.
A.as B.which
C.when D.though
4.（2015·天津卷）We need to get to the root of the problem ________ we can solve it.
A.while B.after
C.before D.as
5.（2010·辽宁卷）The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair__________he wanted to sit next to his wife.
A.although B.unless C.because D.if
6.（2015·北京卷）______the damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover.
A.Until B.Unless C.Once D.Although
7.（2015·重庆卷）If you miss this chance, it may be years ________ you get another one.
A.as B.before
C.since D.after
8.（2015·四川卷）There is only one more day to go ________ your favorite music group play live.
A.since B.until
C.when D.before
9.（2015·江苏卷）It is so cold that you can’t go outside ________ fully covered in thick clothes.
A.if B.unless
C.once D.when
10.（2015·安徽卷） scientists have learned a lot about the universe, there is much we still don’t know.
A.Once B.Since
C.Though D.Unless
11.（2015·北京卷）You won’t find paper cutting difficult _____you keep practicing it.
A.even if B.as long as C.as if D.ever since
12.（2014·陕西卷） The young couple, who returned my lost wallet, left ______I could ask for their names.
A.while B.before C.after D.since
13.（2014·浙江卷）Cathy had quit her job when her son was born _____ she could stay home and raise her family.
A.now that B.as if
C.only if D.so that
14.（2014·四川卷）I'll be out for some time. ______ anything important happens, call me up immediately.
A.In case B.As if
C.Even though D.Now that
15.（2014·山东卷）I don’t really like the author,_______ I have to admit his books are very exciting.
A.although B.unless C.until D.once
16.（2014·北京卷）_______ the forest park is far away, a lot of tourists visit it every year.
A.As B.When
C.Even though D.In case
17.（2014·江苏卷）Lessons can be learned to face the future, ________ history cannot be changed.
A.though B.as C.since D.unless
18.（2012·上海卷）I have a tight budget for the trip, so I'm not going to fly_ the airlines lower ticket prices.
A.once B.if C.after D.unless
19.（2013·天津卷）_____ small, the company has about 1000 buyers in over 30 countries.
A.As B.If C.Although D.Once
20.（2013·四川卷）He is so busy. He cannot afford enough time with his son ________ he wants to.
A.even if B.as if C.because D.before
21.（2010·福建卷）We should respect food and think about the people who don’t have we have here and treat food nicely.
A.that B.which C.what D.whether
22.（2010·福建卷）The girl had hardly rung the bell the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her.
A.before B.until C.as D.since
23.（2016·北京卷）I am not afraid of tomorrow, ________ I have seen yesterday and I love today.
A.so B.and
C.for D.but
24.（2013·全国卷）I was glad to meet Jenny again, _______ I didn’t want to spend all day with her.
A.but B.and C.so D.or
25.（2008·四川卷）In some places women are expected to earn money _______ men work at home and raise their children.
A.while B.though
C.because D.but
26.（2014·北京卷）(2014·北京) Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, ______ plants can spread to new places.
A.so B.or
C.for D.but
27.（2013·全国卷）There’s no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery ________ another man, also intelligent, fails.
A.since B.if C.as D.while
28.（2013·四川卷）Read this story, you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.
A.or B.and
C.but D.so
29.（2012·天津卷）The dog may be a good companion for the old. _______, the need to take it for walks may be a disadvantage.
A.Besides. B.However C.Therefore D.Instead.
30.（2012·湖南卷）_____ I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A.
A.While B.Once
C.If D.Until
31.Will it be ages ______ he goes back to school? I'm so worried about him.
A.before B.after
C.when D.as
32.Paula waited until all the luggage was cleared, __________ hers never appeared.
A.or B.so C.as D.but
33.He had a great dearie to have a home of his own, ______ he had always lived with his grandmother.
A.or B.and C.so D.for
34.She doesn’t speak our language, _____ she seems to understand what we say.
A.for B.and C.yet D.or
35.High school is undoubtedly a time of growth, both physically and emotionally, ________ academically and socially.
A.but B.as well as
C.therefore D.rather
36.I usually do the washing up and leave the cooking to my wife，______she’s a better cook than me.
A.unless B.as C.even though D.in case
37.As to the long-term effects of global warming some believe that the damage has been done, ______________________.
A.otherwise we take steps to make up now
B.now that we take steps to make up
C.whether we take steps to make up now or not
D.unless we take steps to make up now
38.________ the job takes a significant amount of time, most students agree that the experience is worth it.
A.If only B.After
C.Although D.In case
39.Mankind must first of all eat, drink, have shelter and clothing ________ it can pursue politics, science, art and religion.
A.until B.unless
C.before D.since
40.General Secretary, Xi Jinping, stressed that cross－strait cooperation would be strengthened________ the two sides could agree to oppose Taiwan independence.
A.unless B.even if
C.as long as D.until
41.________ a single word can change the meaning of a sentence, a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph.
A.Just as B.Even though
C.Until D.Unless
42.How could I lie to her she lived for the truth，whether it was found in music or people?
A.unless B.when
C.while D.though
43.________ online payment is safe, people will be more likely to link their bank cards to WeChat.
A.Even though B.As though
C.Ever since D.As long as
44.House prices are usually much higher ________ there are subway stations around.
A.where B.unless C.while D.though
45.Sally likes going to school ______ she has got many good friends there.
A.or B.because C.unless D.so
二、语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
A blind boy sat on the steps of a building with a box by his feet. He held up a sign46.（read）, “I am blind, please help.”47.were only a few coins in the box. The boy felt sad. A man was walking by. He took out a few coins from his pocket and dropped them into the box. Then he took the sign, turned it around and wrote some words. He placed the sign48.it had been so that everyone who walked by would see the new words. Soon the box was full49.coins. A lot more people were giving money to the blind boy.
That afternoon, the man, by50.the sign had been changed, came to see how things were. The boy51.（recognize） his footsteps and asked, “Are you the one who changed my sign this morning? What did you write?” The man said, “ I52.（simple）wrote the truth. I said what you mean but in a53.（difference）way.”54.he had written was, “Today is55.beautiful day but I can not see it.”