(通用版)高考英语二轮复习考点过关练14《动词的被动语态》(含解析)

这是一份(通用版)高考英语二轮复习考点过关练14《动词的被动语态》(含解析)，共13页。
高考频度：★★★★★
【命题解读】
动词的语态是历年高考的重点，也是高考的必考点。高考主要以语法填空、短文改错等形式对被动语态这一考点进行考查，动词的语态在语法填空和短文改错中是必考点。
【命题预测】
预计2020年高考语态仍将是高考考查的重点和难点所在，考查形式仍以语法填空和短文改错题型为主，很可能会与动词的时态及其他的语法点结合起来进行考查。
【复习建议】
1. 掌握被动语态的基本时态变化；
2. 掌握被动语态的特殊结构形式；
3. 掌握不能用被动语态的几种情况；
4. 掌握主动形式表示被动意义的情况。
知识网络
考向一 被动语态的基本时态变化
被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式，被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以d为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：
被动语态的特殊结构形式
（1）带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。
The baby shuld be taken gd care f by the baby-sitter.
（2）有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。
His mther gave him a present fr his birthday.
可改为 He was given a present by his mther fr his birthday.
（3）当＂动词+宾语+宾语补足语＂结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。
Smene caught the by smking a cigarette.
可改为The by was caught smking a cigarette.
（4）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, ntice, hear, feel, bserve等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式t要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加t。
Smene saw a stranger walk int the building.
可改为A stranger was seen t walk int the building.
（5）有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如＂动词＋介词＂，＂动词＋副词＂等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。
The meeting is t be put ff till Friday.

1.（2019·新课标III卷·语法填空）On the last day f ur week-lng stay，we ___69___(invite)t attend a private cncert n a beautiful farm n the Nrth Shre under the stars
【答案】were invited。
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。由“n the last day f ur week-lng stay”可知，句子时态为一般过去时。根据句意：我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会，所以用被动语态。主语为we，故填were invited。
2.（2019·江苏卷·单项填空）They are trying t make sure that 5G terminals_________ by 2022 fr the Beijing Winer Olympics.
A. will installB. will have been installedC. are installedD. have been installed
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：他们正努力确保在2022年北京冬奥会之前安装5G终端。表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作，用将来完成时。“5G终端”和“安装”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，故选B。
3. （2017·天津卷·单项填空） Nwadays, cycling, alng with jgging and swimming, ___________ as ne f the best all-rund frms f exercise.
A. regard B. is regarded C. are regarded D. regards
【答案】B
【解析】句意：现在骑自行车、慢跑和游泳被认为是最全面的锻炼方式之一。根据动词短语… (把……看做……)和句意确定应该用被动语态，排除A和D；由介词短语alng with连接的三个名词作主语，谓语动词应该就前一致，即用单数，排除C。故选B。
4.（2017·新课标I卷·语法填空）When fat and salt 64 (remve) frm fd, the fd tastes as if is missing smething.
【答案】are remved
【解析】考查被动语态。句意：当脂肪和盐分从食物中被去掉。分析可知fat，salt和mve之间是被动关系，脂肪和盐分是两种东西，且是被人们去掉，所以用被动语态。故填are remved。
考向二 不能用被动语态的几种情况：
1.（1）所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态。
（2）表示状态的谓语动词，如：last、hld、benefit、cntain、equal、fit等。
（3）表示归属的动词，如have、wn、belng t等。
（4）表示＂希望、意图＂的动词，如：wish、want、hpe、like、lve、hate等。
（5）宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。
考向三 主动形式表被动意义的情况：
（1）系动词没有被动形式，但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel，sund，taste，bk，feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
（2）当cut，sell，read，write，fill，ck，lck，wash，drive，keep等词带状语修饰语时；
（3）当break ut、take place、shut ff、turn ff、wrk ut等动词词组表示＂发生、关闭、制定＂等意思时；
（4）want，require，need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。
（5）be wrth ding用主动形式表示被动含义。
（6）在＂be + 形容词 + t d＂中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。
另外：be t blame(受谴责)，be t rent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。
1.（2019年江苏卷阅读理解句子）It was beautiful." Nami said after listening t the recrding. “The music was wrth __________（save）.
【答案】saving
As time went n, Einstein’s thery __________ t be crrect.
A. prvedB. prves
C. is prvedD. was prved
【答案】 A
【解析】句意：随着时间的推移，爱因斯坦的理论证明是正确的。prve＂证明是＂，这里用作连系动词，要用主动形式表被动含义，故选A。
【巧学妙记】
题组一 基础过关
用被动语态的形式完成下列句子
1. Dn’t be nervus, and they will tell yu where t sit.
→Dn’t be nervus, and yu ____________ ____________ ____________ where t sit by them.
2. Peple refers t Califrnia as the Glden State.
→Califrnia ____________ ____________ ____________ as the Glden State by peple.
3. In rder t stp the air pllutin, the gvernment have taken a lt f measures.
→A lt f measures ____________ ____________ ____________ by the gvernment in rder t stp the air pllutin.
4. We are discussing hw t spend the summer hlidays nw.
→Hw t spend the summer hlidays ____________ ____________ ____________ nw.
5. Miss Li can make her class lively and interesting, s her students respect her.
→Miss Li can make her class lively and interesting, s she ____________ ____________ by her students.
6. Tw whales have ____________ ____________ (wash) up n the beach.
7. Tm was caught smking in schl, and he ____________ ____________ (punish) fr it.
8. If yu leave the club, yu ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ (nt allw) back in.
题组二 能力提升
I．单项填空
1.I gt caught in the rain n my way hme and my new suit_________.
A. has ruinedB. had ruined
C. had been ruinedD. has been ruined
2.Nw all the emplyees except the manager _________ t wrk nline at hme.
A. encuragesB. encurage
C.is encuragedD. are encuraged
3.He __________ everywhere fr materials and finally his effrts paid ff. The medicine __________ t be very effective.
A. lked; was prvedB. explred; was prved
C. sught; has prvedD. hunted; was prving
4.—What’s that nise?
— Oh, I frget t tell yu. The new machine________.
A.is testingB. was being tested
C.is being testedD. has been tested
5.The plan fr Xingan New Area ________ fficially n April 1,2017.
A. annuncedB. was annunced
C. annuncesD.is annunced
6.Ann ______ a certificate at the end f the prgram t shw she has learned cmputer skills.
A. will giveB. will be given
C. gaveD. was given
7.Martin Luther King demanded that peple f all races ______.
A. were equally treatedB. shuld treat equally
C.be equally treatedD. are giving equal rights
8.Different types f teas ______ by skilled tea-tasters befre appearing in the Tea Trade Centre.
A. are tastedB. were tasted
C. tastedD. have tasted
9.—D yu think he can win the prize fr the race?
—Impssible nw. He ________ t d s, but he has just had his right leg hurt.
A. has expectedB.is expected
C. wuld expectD. was expected
10.Tday, the frests have almst gne. Peple must _________dwn t many trees.
A. stp t cutB. stp frm cutting
C.be stpped t cutD.be stpped frm cutting
II．语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
China has nce again prved its ___1___ (able) t change the wrld with the“new fur great inventins”：high-speed railways，electrnic payments，shared bicycles and nline shpping．
They’re related t China’s high-tech innvatin(创新)，___2___ has imprved the quality f peple’s lives，accrding t a survey ___3___ (make) by the Belt and Rad Research Institute f Beijing Freign Studies University．
“My wallet is n lnger in use．I can buy and eat whatever I want simply with a fingertip n my phne，”said ___4___ university student，adding that “even pancake sellers are using mbile payment”．
The bikes ___5___ (them)are nt new，but the perating mdel f bike-sharing ___6___(base) n satellite navigatin system，mbile payment，big data and ther high technlgies．
China has entered a new innvative era，thanks t the large amunts f capital China has invested in ___7___ (encurage)innvatin，said Bernhard Schwartlander，WHO Representative in China．
___8___ is increasingly clear that China is innvating and n lnger cpying Western ideas．This is ___9___ (especial)true in mbile，where China is leading in many ways such as…scial messaging app WeChat，she said．This is partly because China skipped ver the PC era and went directly t mbile．China has the ____10____ (1arge)mbile use in the wrld．

题组三 体验真题
1.（2019·天津卷·单项填空）Amy, as well as her brthers, ____________ a warm welcme when returning t the village last week.
A. is givenB. are given
C. was givenD. were given
2.（2018·江苏卷﹒单项填空） I was sent t the village last mnth t see hw the develpment plan _______ in the past tw years.
A. had been carried ut B. wuld be carried ut
C. is being carried ut D. has been carried ut
3. （2017·新课标II卷·语法填空）Steam engines __65_(use) t pull the carriages and it must have been（fairly） (fair)unpleasant fr the passengers, with all the smke and nise.
4. （2017·新课标III卷·语法填空）Sarah 63 (tell) that she culd be Britain’s new supermdel earning a millin dllars in the next year.
5.（2016·北京卷﹒单项填空）The students have been wrking hard n their lessns and their effrts ____________ with success in the end.
A. rewardedB. were rewarded
C. will rewardD. will be rewarded
6.（2016·江苏卷﹒单项填空）Mre effrts, as reprted, ____________ in the years ahead t accelerate the supply-side structural refrm.
A.are madeB.will be made
C.are being madeD.have been made
7.（2016·全国新课标卷I﹒语法填空）S it was a great hnur t be invited backstage at the nt-fr-prfit Panda Base, where ticket mney helps pay fr research, I 62 （allw）t get up clse t these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.
8.（2016·上海卷﹒语法填空）In recent years, stress (33) ____________ (regard) as a cause f a whle range f medical prblems, frm high bld pressure t mental illness.
9.（2016·四川卷﹒语法填空）The giant panda 41 (lve) by peple thrughut the wrld.
10. （2017·北京卷·单项填空）In the 1950s in the USA, mst families had just ne phne at hme, and wireless phnes _______ yet.
A. haven’t invented B. haven’t been invented
C. hadn’t invented D. hadn’t been invented
题组一 基础过关
用被动语态的形式完成下列句子
1.will be tld2.is referred t3.have been taken
4.is being discussed5.is respected6.been washed
7.was punished8.will nt be allwed
题组二 能力提升
I．单项填空
1.D
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：我在回家的路上淋了雨，新衣服被毁了。my suit与ruin的关系是被动关系，要用被动语态；从题意可知，我的衣服是过去弄湿了，现在还是湿的，用现在完成时态；主语my new suit是第三人称单数。故选D。
2.D
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：目前，除了经理外，所有的员工都被鼓励可以在家里在网上工作。主语是all the emplyees，谓语用复数；与encurage之间是被动关系。故选D。
3.C
【解析】考查动词辨析；时态和语态。句意：他到处寻找材料，最后他的努力得到了回报。这种药被证明是非常有效的。lk是不及物动词，“看”的也是；explre探索；探测；hunt打猎；搜索。prve在此是系动词，“证明是；发现为”的意思，不用于被动，后面跟形容词或t be…结构。故选C。
4.C
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：——这个噪音是什么？——我忘记告诉你了。新的洗衣机正在被检测。根据问句“What’s that nise?”可知，新的机器正在被检测。所以，本句要用现在进行时的被动语态。故选C。
5.B
【解析】考查时态和语态。主语是The plan fr Xingan New Area，与谓语动词annunce之间是被动关系，时间状语是2017年4月1号，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。
6.B
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：在这个项目结束的时候，将会给Ann一个证书以表明她已经学会了计算机技能。由句意可知，Ann和give之间是被动关系，且“给她证书”是这个项目结束时才会发生的事，故要用将来时态。故B选项正确。
7.C
【解析】考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意：马丁路德金要求所有种族的人被平等对待。demand后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气，谓语用shuld d，shuld可以省略，而且peple f all races 和treat是被动关系，故选C。
8.A
【解析】考查时态语态。句意：在出现在茶叶交易中心之前，不同类型的茶叶被品茶师品尝。teas和taste是被动关系，而且这句话表示客观事实，用一般现在时。故选A。
9.D
【解析】考查时态、语态。句意：你认为他能在跑步比赛中获奖吗？现在几乎不可能了，他曾有希望获奖，但是他刚刚弄伤了右腿。He与expect之间是被动关系，而且这一动作发生在过去，应该用一般过去时的被动语态，故D项正确。
10.D
【解析】考查动词语态和动词的用法。stp sb. frm ding sth.是固定用法，意为“阻止某人做某事”；又因主语Peple和stp之间是动宾关系，所以此处应选D。
II．语法填空
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲了中国正用“新的四大发明”来改变世界。
1. ability
【解析】考查名词。作prved的宾语，用名词，所以填ability。
2. which
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。___2___ has imprved the quality f peple’s lives，作定语，修饰China’s high-tech innvatin(创新)，且有逗号隔开，所以___2___ has imprved the quality f peple’s lives，是一个非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，所以用which。
3. made
【解析】考查非谓语动词。make与其逻辑主语a survey之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语，填made。
4. a
【解析】考查冠词。泛指“一位大学生”，且university的首字母发音是辅音，所以填不定冠词a。
5. themselves
【解析】考查反身代词。句意：自行车它们本身不是新的。表示“它们本身”，所以填themselves。
6. is based
【解析】考查时态和语态。表示主语现在的状态，用一般现在时，且the perating mdel f bike-sharing与base n之间是被动关系，用被动语态，所以填is based。
7. encuraging
【解析】考查固定用法。介词in之后用v-ing形式做宾语，所以填encuraging。
8. It
【解析】考查形式主语。that China is innvating and n lnger cpying Western ideas．句子真正的主语，这里需要一个形式主语，所以填it。
9. especially
【解析】考查副词。修饰形容词true用副词，所以填especially。
10. largest
【解析】考查最高级。中国在世界上拥有最大的手机使用量。表示“最大的”，用最高级，所以填largest。
题组三 体验真题
1.C
【解析】本题考查时态和语态。句意：艾米和他的兄弟们当上周回到村里时，受到了热烈的欢迎。根据last week可知应用过去时，排除选项A和B。as well as连接并列主语，谓语动词就前原则。这句话真正的主语是Amy，她受到热烈欢迎，所以用过去时的被动。故选C。
2.A
【解析】考查时态。句意：上个月我被派到村里去看看在过去的两年里发展计划是如何执行的。根据句中时间状语last mnth和in the past tw years可知用过去完成时。故选A。
3. were used
【解析】考查被动语态，此处表示过去的被动，故填were used。
4. was tld / has been tld
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可判断出谓语动词应该用一般过去时或现在完成时的被动形式，又因主语Sarah是第三人称单数，故填was tld / has been tld。
5.D
【解析】题目考查时态和语态。句意：学生们一直在刻苦学习功课，他们的努力(将来)一定会得到回报。根据句意可知，回报是将来要发生的事情，应该用将来时；effrts和reward是被动关系，应该使用被动语态，故选D。
6.B
【解析】考查时态语态。句意：正如报道的那样，在未来几年将做出的努力，以加速供给结构改革的速度。本句的时间状语“in the years ahead在未来的几年里”和将来时连用，且effrts与动词make构成被动关系，所以使用被动语态。所以要使用一般将来时的被动语态形式，故B正确。
7.was allwed
【解析】考查时态和语态。根据句意可知，作者是被允许走近这些动物，be allwed t d sth＂被允许做某事＂。
8.has been regarded
【解析】考查时态和语态。本句的时间状语时in recent years（最近几年来），该时间状语常和现在完成时连用，且句子的主语stress和动词regard之间构成被动关系，所以要用现在完成时的被动语态形式has been regarded。
9.is lved
【解析】句意：大熊猫被全世界的人喜欢。根据句意可知用一般现在时态的被动语态，The giant panda是单数第三人称形式，故填is lved。
10.D
【解析】句意：在美国20世纪50年代的时候，大多数的家庭家里只有一部电话，并且无线电话还根本没有发明出来。根据句意可知用被动语态，排除A和C，事情发生在过去，与现在无关，不用现在完成时，排除B，故选D，过去完成时的被动语态。
序号
常用被动语态
构成
序号
常用被动语态
构成
1
一般现在时
am/is/are asked
6
过去进行时
was/were being asked
2
一般过去时
was/were asked
7
现在完成时
have/has been asked
3
一般将来时
shall/will be asked
8
过去完成时
had been asked
4
过去将来时
shuld/wuld be asked
9
将来完成时
will/wuld have been asked
5
现在进行时
am/is/are being asked
10
含有情态动词的
can/must/may be asked
注意事项
被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加nt，短语动词的被动态不可漏掉其中介副词。固定结构be ging t, used t, have t, had better变为被动态时，只需将其后的动词变为被动态。 如：
Trees shuld nt be planted in summer. 夏天不应该种树。
The by was made fun f by his classmates. 这个男孩被他的同学取笑。
Newspapers used t be sent here by the little girl. 报纸过去常被小女孩送到这里。
汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构表示。如：
It is believed that… It is generally cnsidered that… It is said that…
It is well knwn that… It must be pinted ut that… It is suppsed that…
It is reprted that… It must be admitted that… It is hped that…
下面主动形式常表示被动意义：如：
The windw wants/needs/requires repairing. The bk is wrth reading twice.
The dr wn’t shut. / The play wn’t act. The clthes washes well. / The bk sells well.
The dish tastes delicius. / Water feels very cld.
下面词或短语没有被动态：
leave, enter, reach, becme, benefit, cst, equal, cntain, last, lack, fit, fail, have, appear, happen, ccur, belng t, take place, break ut, cme abut, agree with, keep up with, cnsist f, have n, lse heart等等
时
时
体
现在
过去
将来
过去将来
一般
is / am / are dne
was / were dne
will / shall be dne
wuld / shuld be dne
进行
is / am / are being dne
was / were being dne
完成
have / has been dne
had been dne
will / shall have been dne
wuld / shuld have been dne
主动语态变被动语态记忆口诀
一般现、过用be dne，be有人称、时、数变。
完成时态have dne，被动将been加中间。
一般将来shall (will) d，被动变d为be dne。
将来进行无被动，shall (will) be ding。
现在完成进行同，have (has) been ding。
现、过进行be ding，被动be加being dne。
情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变。
否定助后加nt，疑问一助置主前。
主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前。
一般情助加be dne，双宾多将间宾变。
复合宾语宾变主，宾补、主补相应变。
注释：①＂be有人称、时、数变＂即be有人称、时态和单、复数的变化。
②＂情助＂是指情态动词和助动词must，may，can，shall，will等一律随新主语(多是主动句中的宾语)来变化。
③＂疑问一助置主前＂是说有两个助动词的话，应把主语放在第一助动词之后或把第一助动词置于主语之前。